Mawu Oyambirira: Chilengezo cha Kulingana

Mawu oyamba a Malamulo ndi limodzi la ndime zogwidwa mawu kwambiri m'moyo wa ndale ku America, koma kaŵirikaŵiri amaonedwa kukhala omveka bwino. Kwenikweni, mawu oyambawo ndi "Ife anthu” a ku United States . Ndi mawu oyamba a kutsimikizira kuti ali ofanana ndi anthu onse. Pasanakhale malamulo, Mabungwe a Confederation, maboma amene amachitiridwa monga maulamuliro apamwamba koma sawatchula bwino anthu a m’dzikolo. Precogency inasintha mfundo yakuti paradigm mwa kukhazikitsa lamulo la boma lonse la boma lolamulira. Zimenezi zinali kutha kwapadera kuchokera ku dongosolo la mfumu ya ku Ulaya, kumene mphamvu zinachokera ku korona kukafika kwa anthu.

Mawu akuti “Ife Anthu” timanenetsa kuti nzika iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za malo, imathandizira ulamuliro wa dziko. Imalengeza boma limene lilipo kuti litumikire anthu ake, osati njira ina. Malamulowo amatchulanso zolinga zazikulu za boma latsopano:“ Chilungamo, kutsimikizira kuti , kuchirikiza chitetezo cha banja, kuchirikiza malo a anthu onse, ndi kusungitsa Madalitso a Ufulu wathu, ndi kusungitsa Madalitso a Ufulu wathu kwa ife eni ndi kukwaniritsa ufulu wathu. Zolinga zimenezi zimasonyeza kukhumba kulenga chitaganya kumene munthu aliyense angasangalale ndi ufulu wake waukulu. “General Glovel Betre . Ndi“ Malo a ufulu a ufulu wa ufulu , salephera kuchirikiza gulu la anthu audindolo. Mkhalidwewu, umakhazikitsa maziko a makhalidwe abwino ndi kulingana kwa lamulo la anthu onse kudzera m’malo a m’malo ena. [Frence]

Ndiponso, kugogomezera kwa Pregedge pa “Post" kumasonyeza kumamatirana kwa mbadwo ku kufanana. Olemba malembo anamvetsetsa kuti ntchito yomanga chitaganya chachilungamo siidzathetsedwa m'nthaŵi yawo, ndipo analamulira mibadwo yamtsogolo kupitirizabe kuyesayesa kukwaniritsa lingaliro labwino limenelo. Chinenero choyang'ana patsogolo chimenechi chili mbali ya chimene chimapangitsa Malamulo kukhala cholembedwa chamoyo, chokhoza kufotokozedwanso ndi kufutukulidwa monga mmene kumvetsetsa kufanana kwa mtundu kumakulira.

Kuteteza Claus Kofanana

Demendment ya 1450, yomwe inavomerezedwa mu 1868 pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni, ili ndi chimene chiri chotsimikizirika ndi chotsimikizira champhamvu cha lamulo cha kulingana: Filimial Protection Claus . Mawuwa akunena kuti “Palibe Boma limene lidzakana munthu aliyense m’manja mwake chitetezo chofanana cha malamulo. Chinenerocho nchotakata, chophimba“ munthu aliyense, mmalo mwa “munthu aliyense,” chosankha chimene chingakhale chitetezo chowonjezereka kwa anthu osakhala a mtundu wa Clasazene ndi anthu akale ogwidwa ukapolo mofanana. Chinakonzedwa kuti chichotsedwe ndi munthu wotchuka [[FLT:] Scott [1] [FLD:1] chigamulo, chimene chinakhulupirira kuti anthu a ku Africa ndi kuti sakakhale nzika za ku United States. [FLT]

Kutetezera Claus K. Pambuyo pake, khoti Lapamwamba lakhazikitsa njira yoikizira kulingana. Mawuwo amagwira ntchito mwa kufuna kuti lamulo lililonse kapena ntchito ya boma iganizire anthu mwachitsanzo, mwa fuko, thaundi, kapena mtundu. Iyenera kulungamitsidwa ndi cholinga cha boma. Pambuyo pake, Khoti Lalikulu lapanga dongosolo lokhala ndi mipatuko ya “malamulo a m'malamulo apadera a" kupenda magawo. Malamulo a fuko kapena amodziwo amapatsidwa “kuyang'aniridwa,” muyezo wapamwamba, kutanthauza kuti lamulolo liyenera kutumikira chikondwerero chokakamiza ndi kuikidwa ndi kuikidwa mopepuka kuti apeze chikondwererocho. Gender-odentiairidwa ndi“ kuyang'anikiza kwapadera kwapadera kwa zinthu. Malo ambiri amathandiza kutsimikizira kwa madikitale olinganiza, popanda kugawa. [2]

Kuli kofunika kudziŵa kuti Kulinganiza Kotetezera Claus poyamba kunagwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha ku maboma a United States, osati boma la boma la boma. Komabe, Khoti Lapamwamba pambuyo pake linaphatikiza chitsimikizo chimenechi motsutsana ndi boma la boma kupyolera mwa Fit 5Centre Claus, chiphunzitso chalamulo chodziŵika monga “kuphatikizana. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi ntchito zonse za boma ku United States tsopano ziri zofunikira kutetezedwa mofanana. Kaamba ka tsatanetsatane wowonjezereka wa mbiri ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chigamulo, oŵerenga angafunse [[FLT:] Cernell Information Information Institute official protection Office .

Nkhani Zosonyeza Kutetezedwa ndi Ofanana ndi Claus

Zigamulo zambiri za Khoti Lapamwamba zamasulira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito Supreme Protection Claus kuti athetse machitidwe opatula ndi kuwonjezera ufulu wofanana kwa magulu opatukapo. Pakati pa kutembenuza kwambiri ndi Brown v. Board of Education (1954) , imene imalengeza kuti kugaŵana mafuko m’masukulu a anthu kuli kosalinganizika mwachibadwa, kugwetsa “kusiyana koma kulingana” chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa mu [[FLT:] Preves v. Fergublev[F:3] (186). Woweruza wamkulu Earl Warrenren

Pankhani ya kulingana kwa akazi, mlandu wa Reed v. Reed (1971) anasindikiza nthaŵi yoyamba Khoti Lapamwamba linkagwiritsira ntchito Supreme Protection Claus kuswa lamulo limene linapatula akazi. Mlanduwuwu unakhudza lamulo la Idaho limene linkakonda amuna popereka malo, ndi Khoti linakhulupirira kuti kusiyanitsa kwa kugonana kodzifunira kunaswa malamulo a 140. Pambuyo pake, mu [FLT:] United States v. Virginia (1996], Court inalamula Virginia Merika kuvomereza, kuvomereza kuti boma la Virginia Mericiast Institute, lilephera kupereka “kulungamo chakuchirikiza kuvomereza kwa amuna. [FLT]

M’zaka makumi angapo aposachedwapa, Aumente Protection Claus yakhala yothandiza kupititsa patsogolo LGBTQ+ zoyenera. Nkhani yosonyeza zinthu Obergefell v. Hodges ((15) anagamula kuti okwatirana a m'ziwalo za Chingelezi ali ndi ufulu walamulo wokwatira, akulingalira kuti ukwati uli chikondwerero chofunika kwambiri ndi kuti kuchotsa mabanja amtundu umodzi kuchokera ku bungwe limenelo kumaswa zonse ziŵiri Mgwirizano ndi Chitetezo cha Classes. Chigamulo cha Kennedy chinagogomezera kuti “Malamulo amalonjeza ufulu kwa onse amene angafikire, ufulu umene umaphatikizapo ufulu wakuti anthu, mkati mwa ufumu wololedwa, kulongosola ndi kulongosola umunthu wawo. [FLT:]

Nkhani zina zodziŵika zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga ndi . Virginia (67) , zimene zinagwetsa malamulo a boma oletsa kusiyanitsa mafuko, ndi Grimeader v. Bollinger (2003) , imene inachirikiza kugwiritsa ntchito fuko monga chimodzi mwa zigawo za sukulu za malamulo kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kusiyana kwa mafuko. Zochitika zimenezi zonse zikusonyeza kuti chitetezo cha Thupi la Claus ndi chida champhamvu chimene chimasintha kumvetsetsa kwa kulingana ndi chilungamo. [FLT:]

Kulingana kwa Claus ndi Kulingana

Pamene kuli kwakuti Kutetezera Claus kuli chitsimikiziro chachikulu cha kufanana, Account Procesme of the 145th Amendment imachitanso mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kusungitsa kulingana kwa nzika zonse. Mtengo wa Claus utetezera anthu ku kachitidwe kodzifunira ka boma mwa kutsimikizira kuti malamulo ngolungama, ololera, ndi ogwiritsiridwa ntchito mosasintha. Ali ndi mbali ziŵiri: njira zoyenerera, zimene zimafuna njira zoyenerera boma lisanachotse moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, ndi njira yoyenerera, zimene zimatetezera ufulu wa boma ngakhale pamene malamulo ali oyenera.

Malamulo oyenerera akhala maziko a kuzindikira ufulu wochuluka umene uli wofunika pa kudzilamulira ndi kufanana, kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kukwatira, kuyenera kwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira zoletsa kutenga mimba, ndi kuyenera kwa thupi. Lawrence v. Texas (2003) , Khoti Lalikulu linagwetsa lamulo la Texas lophwanya lamulo lachinsinsi, likumagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lophwanya dongosolo la Claus mwa kukhazikitsa ufulu wa munthu aliyense popanda chilungamo chokwanira. Chigamulo chimenechi chinayala njira ya ukwati wotsatirapo mu [FLD:] "FLD] 077eroble [2]. Motero, kuyendetsa lamulo la Claus ndi kuteteza anthu onse popanda kuteteza, ngakhale kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu.

Lamulo Lovomereza Ufulu ndi Lamulo

Kuyenera kwa kuvota ndiko kuyenera kwa maziko kumene kumatheketsa ufulu wonse kutetezeredwa, ndipo Malamulo asinthidwa mobwerezabwereza kuwonjezera kulingana kwa kuvota. The 15th Amendment (1870) inaletsa tsankho laufuko posankha, Demendment ya 199 (1920) inafutukula lamulo la Malamulo 20-Sixte Amereka (1971) ndipo inachepetsa zaka za kuvota kukhala 18. Komabe, zitsimikizo za lamulo zimenezi zokha sizinali zokwanira kugonjetsa zoyesayesa zopitirizabe za kuchotsa ufulu wa anthu, makamaka Aafirika ku South.[FLT: 0]

Voting Rights Act ya 1965 (VRA) inakhazikitsidwa kusungitsa malonjezo a Demetrition ya 15 ndi kukhalabe limodzi la malamulo ogwira ntchito koposa a ufulu wachibadwidwe m'mbiri ya America. Mayeso a VRA oletsa kuŵerengetsera ndi kulemba ndi kuŵerenga, misonkho yofufuza, ndi ziwiya zina zopotoza zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsekereza anthu ochepa osankhidwa. Inayambitsanso dongosolo la “patsogolo" lomwe linafuna maulamuliro ndi mbiri ya kusankhana kuti apeze chilolezo cha boma asanasinthe malamulo kapena zochita zawo. Shelby County v. Harerter (20.20.3) , Bwangwe Lapamwamba linaka njira yodziŵira zimene zinafunikira kukhazikitsa, kuchepetsa ntchito ya VRA. Komabe, kutetezera kwa VLT.

Kulimbana kwa kulingana kwa kuvota kukupitirizabe lerolino, ndi mikangano yopitirizabe pa malamulo a ovota, kuvomereza, kulowa koyamba, ndi ziletso za makalata. Ochirikiza malamulo oletsa ovota motsimikiza amatsutsa kuti amaletsa chinyengo, pamene osuliza amatsutsa mopambanitsa osankha ochepa amene ali osakhoza kukhala ndi chizindikiritso cha boma. Makhoti akupitirizabe kutsutsa mikangano imeneyi pansi pa ponse paŵiri Constitution ndi VRA, kugogomezera kufunika kwa kusungitsa kwa ochenjera. [FLT:]

Ntchito ya Kukonza Malamulo Polimbikitsa Kulingana

Kusintha kwa Konsichushoni yakhala njira yaikulu yofutukulira ulingana kwa nthaŵi. Bill of Rights (1791) samatchula mwachindunji kulingana, koma chitsimikizo chake cha ufulu wa kulankhula, chipembedzo, msonkhano, ndi kuyenera kwa kuyesa kolungama kumapangitsa mikhalidwe imene kulingana kungakule. Kusinthanso kwasintha kwasinthana mwachindunji ndi kukulitsa mzere wa awo okhala ndi ufulu wa kukhala ndi ufulu wonse wa nzika.

Mpando wa kuperekedwa kwa zinthu (1865) unachotsa ukapolo ndi ukapolo, kusiyapo chilango cha upandu. Kusintha kumeneku kunasintha kwambiri mkhalidwe wa mamiliyoni a Aamereka a mu Afirika, kuwasintha iwo kuchoka m’chuma kukhala anthu ndi ufulu walamulo. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa 13th Amendment inapatsanso mphamvu ya kukhazikitsa makonzedwe ake kupyolera mwa “lamulo loikika,” limene pambuyo pake Nyumba ya Malamulo inagwiritsira ntchito kukhazikitsa malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe omwe amaukira“ zonyansa ndi zochitika za ukapolo, kuphatikizapo tsankho lapaseri m'nyumba ndi malo ogona anthu onse. [FLT:]

Demendment ya 144th Amendment (1868) inakhazikitsa ufulu waufulu (ufulu waukulu (12068), kutsimikizira njira yoyenera, ndi chitetezo chofanana, monga momwe tafotokozera. Demendment ya 15th Amendment (1870) inaletsa tsankho la mafuko povota. Onse pamodzi, ma Reconsoletions atatuwa amapanga maziko a malamulo a ufulu wa anthu ku America. Demendment ya 199th (20), makumi aŵiri ndi Fourth Amendment (1964) (kukhoma misonkhoma ya kusankhoma ya masankho m'sankho), ndi 20-Sixth Amerekate Amereka (kuwonjezera nyengo yovotera) inawonjezeranso kuwonjezera ufulu wosankha ndi kuchotsa malire kuti atenge nawo. [FLD:0]

N’koyenera kudziŵa kuti ngakhale pambuyo pa kusintha kumeneku, lonjezo lakulingana silinakwaniritsidwe kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Demetrimenti ya 19 sinaletse mwadala akazi a mitundu, amene anayang'anizana ndi zopinga zina zonga kuyesa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga, kuopseza, ndi kukhala ndi unziko. Anthu a ku America sanapatsidwe unziko wonse kufikira pa Act ya Indian Citizenship of 1924, ndipo ngakhale panthaŵiyo, maboma ambiri anapitiriza kuwakana ufulu wa kuvota kupyolera mwa malamulo alamulo. Malamulowo anakhazikitsa muyezo alamulo, koma kukwaniritsa kulingana kwenikweni kufunikira kupitirizabe kwa ufulu, kugawa, ndi malamulo omwe akupitirizabe lerolino. [FLD:]

Kuchitapo Kanthu Molimba Mtima ndi Kufunafuna Kulingana Kopanda Malingaliro

Kulingana kwalamulo kwa lamulo [1] lamulo lakuti lamulo liyenera kusamalira anthu onse mofanana ndi [1] nlofunika koma nthaŵi zina nlosakwanira kuthetsa mavuto a mbiri yakale. Kachitidwe kotsimikiza kakutanthauza malamulo amene amapanga masitepe owonjezera mapangano a magulu apamwamba a m'mbiri, kaŵirikaŵiri m'mbali za maphunziro, ntchito, ndi kugawana ndi boma. Malamulo ameneŵa akhala nkhani ya mkangano waukulu walamulo ndi wandale, koma amaimira kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa kukwaniritsa chimene nthaŵi zina chimatchedwa “kulingana kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zoikika. [1] Kulingana kwa zipambano kapena mwaŵi, osati kungolandira machiritso ofanana papepala. [FLT:]

Khoti Lapamwamba linayamba ndi kufotokoza za lamulo la kuvomereza m'kachitidwe ka Regents za University of California v. Bakke (1978 . , zimene zinachotsa malire ovuta a mafuko koma kulola fuko kulingaliridwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi chochititsa kuvomereza kuti pakhale chikondwerero chachikulu cha kusiyanasiyana. Kuyambira pamenepo, Khoti lasintha malamulo a fuko. Gritageb v. Bollinger (2003) , Bwalo limachirikiza njira za kuvomereza [masukulu a malamulo a ku Michigenijani], koma m'pansi ya yunivesite ya Texas. [196], ntchito zofunikira kuwonjezera pa kufunza za fukolo. [FT]

Mu 2023, Khoti linapereka chigamulo chachikulu mu [FLT : 0] Ophunzira Fair Adgicts , Inc. v. Harvard College ndi mapulogalamu a Fair Adgicts, Inc. v. University of North Carolina , kutha kuvomereza koyambirira kwa makoleji ndi mayunivesite ambiri. Khoti inanena kuti maprogramu a ku Harvard ndi UN adaswa Chitetezero cha Exmoble ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mtundu wopanda mfundo zanzeru ndi kulephera kubweretsa mapindu oyenera. Chigamuchi chigamu cha kusinthitsa m'malo ovomerezeka ndi kuchititsa kuvomereza mapangano ambiri. Khotilo lina lina lina lakale la kuwonjezera kusiyanitsa ndi kusiyanitsa ndi kuyang'ana ndi kuwonjezera kusiyanitsa kwa kalelo, kapena kuwonjezera njira ina. [kagwirizana ndi kuwonjezera pa mfundo zina za m'kalongo.]

Mavuto a Kulingana M’nthaŵi Yamakono

Mosasamala kanthu za malamulo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zaka makumi ambiri, zovuta zazikulu za kulingana zikupitirizabe. Kusalingana kwa chuma kwakula kwambiri kuyambira m'ma 1970, ndi Aamereka olemera kwambiri akusunga chuma cha dziko. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa zachuma sikuli fuko kapena thanzi: Mabanja a anthu akuda ndi achispanya ali ndi chuma chochepa kwambiri kuposa mabanja azungu pa avazungu, ndipo akazi adakali ndi ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi amuna ogwira ntchito zofanana. Kugaŵana kwa chuma ndi chikhalidwe kwa anthu kumachititsa mavuto amene ali ovuta kuthana nawo mwa kulingana kwalamulo kokha.

Kutsendereza Voter kudakali nkhaŵa yaikulu. Kutsatira Chigamulo cha Shelby County , maboma angapo amene amakhazikitsa malamulo a chivoti okhwima, kuchepetsa masiku ovota, kuchotsa pepala la voti, ndi kutseka malo ofunsira m'madera ochepa. Mayeso ameneŵa avomerezedwa kukhala oyenera kuletsa chinyengo, koma kufufuza kosalekeza kukusonyeza kuti chinyengo cha voti n’chosoŵa kwambiri, pamene zothodwetsa zoikidwa ndi malamulo ameneŵa zikuchepa kwambiri pa kuvota, kuchotsa anthu okalamba, kuvota, ndi ophunzira. Anthu a Act (H.R. 1) ndi Yohane opanga malamulo otetezera ufulu agwirizana kuti abweze ndi kuteteza, koma onse aŵiriwo anayang'anizana ndi kutumiza. [Fopt:]

Chilungamo cha apandu ndi mbali ina yovuta kwambiri pa nkhondo ya kulingana. United States ili ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa kumangidwa kwa dziko lirilonse lotukuka, ndipo dongosololo likuyambukira mokulira anthu Akuda ndi Aspanya. Zigamulo zocheperapo, malamulo atatu a kuphatikizidwa, ndi nkhondo ya mankhwala yathandizira ku boma limene limalepheretsa kukwaniritsa lonjezo la chilungamo. Zoyesayesa za kukonzanso mlandu, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kuchotsa milandu yopanda chiwawa zikuimira masitepeto ofunika, koma ntchito yaikulu ikutsala kuti dongosolo lachilungamo lisamalire anthu onse mosayang'ana fuko kapena malo achuma. [FLT:]

LGBTQ+ kulingana kukupitiriza kusinthika. Pamene kuli kwakuti [[FLT: 0] Obergefell adalandira kuyenera kwa ukwati wa kugonana, ndi Bostock v. Clayton County [2020] [[FLT:] adakhulupirira kuti Dipo VII ya ufulu wachibadwidwe imaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wakugonana kapena chisembwere pantchito, madera ena atsala opikisana. Maboma angapo apereka malamulo oletsa ufulu wa anthu opatsirana, makamaka achinyamata, kuti afike pauchinyama, kutenga nawo mbali m'maseŵerewe, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito malo osambira pamodzi ndi chizindikiro chawo cha kugonana. Malamulowa akutsutsidwa m'khoti ndi malamulo ena otetezeredwa. [Foctal]

Tsogolo la Kulingana mu Amereka

Chitsimikiziro cha kufanana kwa Konsichushoni chimatsimikizira kuphatikizidwa, koma kuti malowo samangofunikira kuyesayesa kopitirizabe kwa nzika, ochirikiza, ndi akuluakulu a boma. Kupangidwa ndi khoti Lapamwamba ndi kupitirizabe kusintha, ndipo zosankha zamtsogolo zingafutukule kapena kupangana ndi ukulu wa chitetezo chofanana ndi njira yoyenerera. Nzika ziyenera kukhala zodziŵitsidwa ndi zoloŵetsedwa, osati m’bokosi la boloti komanso mwa kugawana ndi boma, kugaŵana ndi kutembenuza, ndi maphunziro. [[FLT:]

Chimodzi cha zinthu zolimbikitsa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa ndicho kuzindikira kowonjezereka kwa kusokonezeka kwa malo. Kuzindikira kuti anthu akukhala ndi zitsimikizo zambiri (mtundu, mwamuna, kalasi, kakhalidwe, kupunduka kwa kugonana, kukhoza kuwonjezera kukondera kapena mwayi. Makonzedwe a ufulu wa malamulo ndi ochuluka kwambiri kulongosola kucholoŵana kumeneku, koma dongosolo la malamulo likungoyamba kupanga zipangizo zochitira zimenezi. Mabwalo ndi opanga malamulo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti kulingana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira zimene zimavomereza ndi kufotokoza zokumana nazo zapadera za anthu amene amayang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuphwanya malamulo.

Maphunziro adakali ofunika. Kumvetsetsa mbiri ya makonzedwe a kulingana kwa Malamulo . kuphatikizapo nkhondo zolimbika za Kukonzanso Malamulo, gulu la akazi, gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndi nkhondo yopitirizabe ya LGBTQ + zoyenera . Nzika zimayamikira zonse ziŵiri kupita patsogolo ndi mtunda umene ukukhalapo. Masukulu ndi mabungwe a anthu ayenera kuphunzitsa osati chabe malemba a Malamulo, koma kumasulira kwake kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya anthu wamba pomasulira.

Pomalizira pake, United States ayenera kupenda mosamalitsa mbali zimene malumbiro ake a lamulo sanakwaniritsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Aumelt Rights Amerekation (ERA), imene ingatsimikizire bwino lomwe kuti ufulu wa anthu pansi pa lamulo la kugonana, inaperekedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo mu 1972 koma inalephera kukwaniritsa chiŵerengero chofunikira cha maboma ndi nthaŵi yoyambirira. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, maboma ena avomereza kuti ERA itha kulembedwa, ndipo makambitsirano alamulo akupitirizabe ponena kuti kaya kuthanso kuwonjezera pa Malamulo. Ngakhale popanda ERA, zitsimikizo za lamulo lomwe lilipo zikhoza kukhala [1] ndipo adalimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya tsankho la kugonana, koma kutsimikiza kwenikweni kudzakhala maziko oonekera bwino ndi otsimikiza. [FT] [FM]

United States itayamba kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha kwa dziko lonse, mfundo za malamulo a kulingana zidzayang'anizana ndi ziyeso zatsopano. Kusintha kwa Technology, luntha lopanga, ndi mathekishoni achinsinsi zimadzutsa mafunso ngati malamulo amene alipo akuteteza mokwanira ku tsankho la maroliti ndi mitundu ina yamakono ya tsankho. Mphamvu ya Malamulo akukhala ndi mphamvu yomasulira bwino m'badwo uliwonse pamene akukhalabe pa miyezo yake ya ufulu, chilungamo, ndi kulingana kwa onse. Mtsogolo mwa kulingana kwa anthu onse mu America idzadalira pa kutsimikiza mtima kwa nzika zake kuti adziyankhire ku makhalidwe amenewo. [FLT:]

Malamulo si chikalata chachikhalire koma chikalata champhamvu chimene chimakhazikitsa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino okhoza kukula ndi kuzoloŵera. Mawu oyamba, Kutetezera ndi Kukonzanso Malamulo, ndi kukonzanso ndi malamulo pamodzi amapanga dongosolo logwirizana lopangira kulingana kwa nzika zonse. Ulendo wofuna kulingana kotheratu ngwosatha, koma maziko alamulo ngolimba. Mbadwo uliwonse umaitanidwa kumanga pa maziko amenewo, kumasulira malonjezo a Malamulo polingalira za mavuto atsopano, ndi kutsimikizira kuti madalitso a ufulu alidi osungidwa kwa anthu onse. [FLT:]