Ku United States, thayo la kukonzekera, kumanga, kumanga nyumba, kumanga, ndi kukonza madongosolo a zoyendera limagawana pakati pa maboma akwawo ndi a boma. Kugaŵana kumeneku sikunakhazikitse; kumasonyeza kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zofunika, kuyambira pa msewu wapafupi, kupita ku msewu wapakati, ndi wosamalira zaumoyo. Kumvetsa mmene maboma ameneŵa amasamaliriradi zoyendera, kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama za ntchito zaumoyo mu imodzi ya ntchito zapoyera. Nkhaniyi imapereka chithunzi chakuya, chenicheni cha dziko lapansi kuyang'ana ku magawo, mautumiki, zitsutso, ndi zitso za m’tsogolo za boma lakwawo ndi kuyendetsa zoyendera.

Ntchito ya Maboma a M’mayiko Omwe Amayendera

Maboma akwawo . "zigawo, matauni, matauni, ndi makampani a zaulendo a boma . Ndizo zamphamvu kwambiri . Zili ndi kuyang'anira misewu yambiri ya dzikolo (pafupifupi 75% ya misewu yonse ya anthu) ndipo zili ndi thayo la anthu okhala m’mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ntchito yawo siioneka kwambiri kuposa maprojekiti a boma koma imayambukira mwachindunji moyo: kukonza mabowo, kulima chipale chofe, kuyendetsa magalimoto, ndi kukonza njira zapasa.

Kumanga Manja a Msewu ndi Mlatho

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zoyendera yakumaloko ndiyo kukonzanso zinthu zomwe zilipo. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa ming'alu, kubwezeretsa maloboo, kukonza milatho, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Mizinda yambiri imagwira ntchito zomera zawo za asphalt kapena masitepe osamalira. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Portland , Oregon, umakhala ndi misewu yoposa 4,900 ndi malaŵi oposa 140. Ntchito imeneyi imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi misonkhoma ya katundu wakwawo, misonkho, ndiponso nthaŵi zina ndalama zoperekedwa m’misewu. Kusamalira kofunikira ndiko nkhani yaikulu: American Society of Civil Engiers (ASCE) imapatsa misewu yakwake ya D, ikutchula kumbuyo kwa kukonza zinthu m'dzikolo.

Kupanga Magalimoto ndi Ntchito Zapamsewu

Akatswiri a magalimoto a m’derali amayang'anira zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndiponso zizindikiro zimene zimakhudza mmene magalimoto amayendera. Amafufuza kuti adziwe liwiro la galimoto, kuika njira zoyendera anthu oyenda pansi panthaka, ndi kupanga njira zoyendera zungulira kapena zochepetsera ngozi. Maboma ambiri apakati ndi mizinda yaikulu tsopano ali ndi "Vision Zero" mapulogalamu oyeneretsa kuchotsa ngozi zapamsewu. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti ya New York City yoona za misewu yasintha njira, inakhazikitsa njira zotetezera njinga, ndi kuchepetsa liwiro. Maboma a m'dera ayambanso kuyang'anira malamulo oimika galimoto, malo oyendera, ndi malo ovomerezera kuti anthu asankhe kuyenda.

Ntchito Zopereka Chisankho

Maboma akomweko kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito kapena kupangana kaamba ka kudutsa kwa anthu m'malire awo. Izi zingasiyane kuchokera ku ntchito yaing'ono ya tauni yaing'ono ya foni ndi ya m'diresi ya basi ndi njira yopepuka ya mzinda. Makampani onga Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transpitar Authority (LA Metro) kapena Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) ndi mabungwe a m'deralo amene ali ndi udindo wa ntchito, kusonkhanitsa, kukonza galimoto, kukonza, ndi kuteteza. Ndalama za ndalama zimachokera ku msonkhanitso za malonda a kumaloko, ndi makampani a boma, ndi maprojekiti a boma (mizere yatsopano, masiteshoni) kaŵirikaŵiri zimafuna kugwirizanitsa ndi boma ndi anthu aungwe a boma ndi a boma.

Zoyendera Zogwira Ntchito Yachangu ndi Makwalala Okwanira

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, maboma ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera zimene zimafunika kuti anthu onse azigwiritsa ntchito, osati galimoto zokha. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Austin , Texas, wakhazikitsa njira zoyendera njinga, kukonza njira zodutsa, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ADA ilipo. Matauni ambiri atengera njira zoyendera zimene zimafunika kuti anthu onse azigwiritsa ntchito, osati galimoto zokha. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Austin, Texas, wakhazikitsa njira zoyendera njinga zodutsamo ndi kupanga njira yozungulira magalimoto. Zoyesayesa zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimayendetsera ndi magulu a anthu akwawo odziwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndiponso zolinga zawo.

Ntchito ya Maboma m’Zoyendera

Maboma amayang'anira ntchito yaikulu yogwirizanitsa anthu ndi malonda. Boma lililonse lili ndi Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera (DOT) imene ili ndi udindo woyendetsa magalimoto, milatho yaikulu, kukambirana, ndi madera opumula. Maboma a DOT amayang'aniranso ntchito zomangira galimoto, kulembetsa galimoto, ndi kutsatsa malonda. Amakhazikitsa malamulo a chitetezo ndi kupereka ndalama zambiri ku maprojekiti a m'dzikolo.

Kuyendetsa Njira Yapamwamba ya Boma

. Mwachitsanzo, Department of Transportation (TXDOT) ndi malo aakulu pakati pa mizinda ndi madera. Malo a boma, mapulani, kumanga, ndi kukonza misewu imeneyi, kuphatikizapo misewu ya m’mayiko omwe ali m’malire awo (ngakhale kuti ndi yoyendetsedwa ndi boma). Mwachitsanzo, Department ya Texas of Transportation (TDOT) imasunga malo aakulu oposa makilomita 30,000 a misewu ya boma . Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo ntchito zazikulu monga kufutukukula kwa mastape, kumanga makoma, ndi kumanga milatho yaukalamba. States A DOTS ayeneranso kuyendetsa magalimoto pa makorishi ameneŵa, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi malo oyendetsera magalimoto apamwamba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makamera, zimve, ndi mauthenga amphamvu kwambiri.

Mabungwe a Kulinganiza Zinthu m’Dziko Lonse ndi Metropolitan Plannication Organization

Maboma afunidwa ndi lamulo la boma kupanga pulani ya zoyendera yaitali ya dziko lonse zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amaika zofunika choyamba pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mbali yaikulu ya kachitidwe kameneka ndiyo kuloŵetsedwa kwa Metropolistan Planning Organizations [MPOS] , zimene ndi mabungwe a m'madera opangidwa m’madera a m’mizinda kwa anthu 500,000. MPOS imasonkhanitsa pamodzi maboma akwanu, akuluakulu a boma, ndi mabungwe onyamula kuti akonzere pamodzi ndalama zoyendera. Iwo amapanga programungwe yoyendetsa zinthu (TPP) yomwe imandandandanda maprojekiti onse oyendetsedwa ndi boma m'chigawo. Malo a kumalowa amamvedwa m'zigawo, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina mavuto amabuka pa ndalama zopereka ndalama.

Kupereka Ndalama Zoyendera za Boma

Malo a boma amadalira ndalama zoyendera zambiri. Msonkho wa mafuta a galimoto ndi wa (msonkho wa mafuta) (msonkho wa gasi) (wofunika) , womwe umagulitsidwa pa lita imodzi ya mafuta kapena dizilo. Komabe, ndi galimoto zimene zimakhala zowononga mafuta ndi magetsi, msonkho wa gasi ukuchepa kapena kutsika. Maboma ambiri akweza msonkho wa gasi kapena kuwonjezera kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta. Makitope ena a boma awonjezera:

  • Malipiro a kulembetsa [[FL:1] , [1] [1] Ndalama za amba amene angandalitsidwe ndi mtengo wa galimoto kapena kulemera kwake.
  • Zolemba [1] "zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapike, maulalo, ndi misewu yapamwamba (HOT). Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo Florida Turpike, Pennsylvania Turpike, ndi Throway ya New York.
  • Bboni [[FLT :1] ] `Statess kaganiziridwe kokhala ndi mitsinje ya ndalama zoperekedwa (mt. msonkho wa gasi) kusungitsa ntchito zazikulu.
  • General amagaŵira ndalama [[FL:1]] [1] [1] Mayiko ena owonjezera zoyendera kuchokera ku msonkho wa malipiro, ngakhale kuti zimenezi siziri zofala.
  • Malo operekera ndalama [1] [1] [1] Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) imapereka ndalama zambiri kupyolera m'maprogramu onga National Highway Performation Program ndi Surface Transport Block Grant.

Mwachitsanzo, 2017 Road Reast and Accountability Act (SB1) inakweza msonkho wa gasi ndi galimoto kwa mabiliyoni chaka chilichonse kuti aikidwe patalikitse. Maboma ambiri akuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira yotere (RUC) [1] monga kutha kulowa mmalo mwa msonkho wa gasi, kumene oyendetsa galimoto amalipira pa kilomita imodzi m’malo mwa percent.

Kuteteza ndi Kukakamiza

Maboma amakhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ambiri a zachitetezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutumiza magalimoto (olembedwa ndi kumbuyo kwa mayeso a galimoto), ziyeneretso za galimoto, ndi laisensi ya oyendetsa galimoto ya malonda (CDL). Apolisi a boma kapena magalimoto a m'makwalala akukhazikitsa malamulo a pamsewu, DUI, ndi malire a kulemera pa malole. Maboma amayang'aniranso programu ya Suppecity Safety (HSIP) , ndalama zimene zimawongolera kuchepetsa ngozi, monga ziwirikiti, magalimoto otetezera, ndi ziletso za wailesi.

Kugwirizana Pakati pa Maboma Adziko ndi Boma

Kuyenda kwa anthu kwasintha kwambiri. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumachitika mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma komanso kugwirizana kwa anthu a m'bungwelo.

Kulinganiza ndi Kupereka Ndalama

Maprojekiti ambiri amayendetsedwa mogwirizana: DOT ingapereke 80% ya mtengo wa misewu imene imapindulitsa mzinda womakulakula, pamene mzinda ukulipira kaamba ka njira zoyendera, magetsi, ndi malo okonzera. Maprojekiti aakulu monga kusinthana kapena kuwonjezera ndi kaŵirikaŵiri amachititsidwa ndi zaka zolinganizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Denver Regionation Transportation (RTD) Programme ya FasTracks progalamu ya mayanjano pakati pa maboma a kumaloko, boma la Coloradorado, ndi boma la boma kupanga makilomita 120,000 a kuwala kwanja latsopano ndi la oyendera. Ndalama za msonkho ya kumaloko inapereka malingana a boma ndi ndalama za boma.

Kufufuza za Kukonza Zinthu Kothandiza

[[FLT : 0] San Francisco Bay Transtegition Transtection [1]: Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) ndilo MPO ya chigawo cha chigawo cha 9 cha Bay . Imagwirizanitsa ndalama ndi kulinganiza kaamba ka oyendetsa apaulendo 26 (kuyambira BART kukafika ku Calgar ku mabungwe akwawo a basi. MTC imayang'anira maprogramu a chigawo monga Clipper, khadi la ndalama, ndi kugaŵira boma ndi madolalansi. Mosasamala kanthu za kucholoŵa mpangidwe, chigawocho chamanga ntchito zazikulu monga Transbay Transit Center ndi BART kuwonjezera ku San Jose kupyolera kufupi ya dziko lakwanu ndi dziko.

Chicago’s Complete Street Initive [FLT:]: Mzinda wa Chicago unatenga lamulo la ku Complete Streets mu 2006, pambuyo pake linakonzedwa, limene limafuna ntchito zonse zoyendera za mzinda kulingalira ogwiritsira ntchito onse. Dipatimenti ya Illinois ya Transportation (IDOT) yogwirizana mwa kuvomereza lamulo lofananalo la ntchito za boma m'Chicago, kutsogolera kugwirizanitsa zojambula za m'misewu zonga Western Avene ndi Ashland Avenue. Mgwirizano umenewu wawonjezera njira zapansi panjinga za njinga ndi kuwongolera kudutsa kwa anthu popanda kuyambitsa kutsutsana pakati pa maprojekiti a dziko ndi malo a dziko.

Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) : ARC ndi MPO ya chigawo cha 20 cha Atlanta . Kumayambitsa mapulani a zoyendera aatali (pakali pano "2050") ndi kuika zinthu zambirimbiri pa ndalama za pachaka. Ntchito yogwirizana ndi [2] chigawo cha Atlanta / Georgia 400 kuyanjananso, projekiti yokwana madola 2.7 biliyoni imene inafuna kugwirizana pakati pa Georgia DOT, City of Savards, Fulton, ndi maboma ena akumalo. Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi kusoŵa kwa anthu ndi malo akumeneko (kusoŵa).

Mapangano Ogwirizana ndi Boma ndi Kusasintha

Maboma a m’dzikolo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti mapulani awo a zoyendera akuyendera ali ogwirizana ndi mapulani a boma a kaundula wautali ndi chigawo cha TIP. Chiyeneretso chimenechi n’chogwirizana ndi ndalama za boma. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda sungapange luso lalikulu lomwe lingawone ndi msewu wolinganizidwa wa boma wofutukuka . Mabanja aŵiriwo ayenera kuyenderana ndi mapulani, kuwapeza, ndi nthaŵi. Nthaŵi zambiri boma la DOTS lili ndi maofesi a chigawo amene amagwira ntchito ndi okonza mapulani a dzikolo kuti athetse mavutowa mwamsanga.

Mavuto a Kuyendetsa Zoyendera

Ngakhale kuti akumana ndi mavuto ambiri, maboma a m’mayiko ndi m’mayiko ena akupitirizabe kukumana ndi mavuto amene amachititsa kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kukhale kovuta kwambiri.

Kuwononga Ndalama ndi Malo Opezera Ndalama

Vuto lamphamvu kwambiri nlopereŵera, la ndalama zosadziŵika bwino. Msonkho wa gasi wa boma sunakwezedwe kuyambira 1993, chotero mphamvu yake yogula yatha ndi 40% chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo. Maboma amene amadalira pa misonkho ya gasi amayang'anizana ndi kuwonongeka kofanana, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama. Zotulukapo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zosoŵa ndi ndalama zopezeka. ASCE akuyerekezera kuti U.S. imafunikira $1,2 miliyoni ya madola m'zikwiyo m'zake za zaka 10 zotsatira, koma ndalama zamakono zimabisa pafupifupi theka la ndalama. Maboma ameneŵa amawononga kusamala, kuwonongeka kwa misewu ndi mabuloko amene amafunikira kukonza pambuyo pake.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Misewu yambiri, milatho, ndi njira zoyendera zomangidwa m'ma 1950-1970 zilipo kapena kumbuyo kwa moyo wawo. Malambu oposa 42,000 ku U.S. akuŵerengedwa kukhala opanda ntchito, ndipo ambiri ali pa misewu yakwawo kapena ya boma. Kuwabwezeretsa kapena kuwakonzanso n’kwamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, Saint Anthony Falls woloŵa m'Minneapolis atagwa mu 2007. Mayiko ndi malo ena ayenera kusoŵa ndalama zambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri zosaoneka bwino koma zotsukirapo.

Kuchuluka kwa Anthu Ndiponso Mabomba

. Kufutukula misewu kokha kumaonedwa kukhala kosathandiza chifukwa cha kusonkhezeredwa, choncho maboma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kampani zoyendera, njinga, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito malo. Komabe, mabungwe a boma ndi a boma nthaŵi zina amatsutsa za kukula kwa zinthu. Kukula kwa njira kumayambitsa kukwera kwa madzi ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya zoyendera.

Kusintha kwa Malo Okhala ndi Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Zoyendera ndizo magwero aakulu koposa a mpweya wotentha wa mpweya mu U.S. (29% mu 2021). Maboma akukakamizidwa ndi opanga malamulo kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya kupyolera mwa magetsi, kuyendetsa ndalama zoyendetsera, ndi kusintha kwa nthaka. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kusintha kwa nyengo kukupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo kowopsa: kusefukira, kutentha, kutentha kwa moto, ndi kuwononga misewu ndi njanji. Maboma onga Louisiana akuwononga mabiliyoni ambiri kukweza misewu ndi kumanga makampani aakulu kuti ayang'anire ndi kumanga mabizinesi a mvula yowonjezereka. Maboma a kumaloko ayenera kuwonjezera kulimba kwa nyengo ya nyengo yowopsa, imene ikuwonjezera mtengo wa kukwera kwa magetsi.

Chilungamo cha Makhalidwe ndi Chilungamo

M'mbiri, kusungitsa ndalama zoyendetsera katundu kwawononga anthu olandira ndi ovala pang'ono, mwachitsanzo mwa kumanga misewu imene imagaŵanitsa madera. Lerolino, pali kukakamiza kwakukulu kwa [[FLT: 0] kutumiza pepala la kuchuluka kwa anthu [ : kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse akupindula ndi ntchito zoyendetsera ndi kuti njira zoyendera nzodalirika ndi zosakwanira. Maboma Akufuna kuti 40% ya mapindu a kuyendetsa ndalama za boma kumadera osauka. DOTS ndi mabungwe akuyendetsa tsopano mapulogalamu ndi kuchita ntchito zapansi kwa magulu oyandikana. Zimenezi ndi kusintha kopindulitsa kumene kumafuna maluso atsopano ndi anthu ambiri.

Kusamalira Malipiro: Njira Zothetsera Vutoli

Maboma akufufuza njira zambiri zothetsera kusoŵa kwa ndalama. Mayanjano aumwini (PGUB) [PT:1] amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zazikulu kumene mnzake waumwini amakonza, amamanga, ndalama, ndipo nthaŵi zina amagwiritsira ntchito malowo (m. misewu yochuluka). Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo PRT Dulles Greenways mu Virginia ndi ntchito ya I-4 yosalembetsa mu Florida. P3 ikhoza kufulumizitsa kutumiza koma ikufuna kuyang'anira bwino zinthu za anthu. [FLT:] Kusoŵa kwa ndalama [FT:] Kuthandiza [FL:] [FLT3]] monga ndalama zoperekedwa ndi ziŵiŵiya za , kuphatikizapo ziŵiya za magetsi, zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makwanero, monga ngati ziŵilizonse za ku Virginia. [MFUFUT], zosowa za magetsi, zoŵerengeka za , zochepera za magetsi, zotsala za , zonga za magetsi zowonjezereka m'dziko, zonga, zonga za , zonga, zonga za magetsi zo

Mtsogolo mwa Kuyendetsa Zoyendera

Luso la zoyendera, zinthu zofunika kusungidwa, ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe kukusintha mmene maboma a boma ndi a boma akulinganizira ndi kuyendetsa njira zoyendera. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi zidzasintha kwambiri.

Kuyendetsa Mochenjera Magalimoto ndi Njira Zoyendera Zanzeru

Zizindikiro za kayendedwe zikusintha, pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zongopeka ndi zinthu zenizeni kuchokera ku zipangizo zoyendera komanso magalimoto oyendera limodzi kuti apange nthawi yabwino. Matauni monga Pittsburgh akonza njira zothandizira anthu a m’njira zikuluzikulu, kuchepetsa maulendo ndi 25% ndi kutulutsa ndi 20%. Maboma ayendetsa malo oyendetsa galimoto amene amagwirizanitsa makompyuta ndi makamera, njira zoulutsira zakuthambo, masiteshoni a mlengalenga, ndi ma a a pulogalamu achitatu (ngati Waze) kuti ayankhe mwamsanga zochitika. M’tsogolo, galimoto-tofrature (VI) idzalola magalimoto kuti azilankhulana ndi "makutu" kuti ayendere, oyendetsa galimoto, ochenjeza magalasi ofiira kapena okongola.

Kufufuza ndi Mazambitsirano Ena

Maboma onse akuika ndalama m'galimoto yamagetsi (EV) yofuna madongosolo. BIL imaphatikizapo $7,5 biliyoni ya bungwe la dziko la 500,000 la maambulera a EV, loperekedwa ndi boma ndi ma DOTS m'gwirizano ndi oyendetsa aumwini. Maboma akuika makampani oletsa kuima pambali ndi kulamula kuti mabasi atsopano akhale ndi kuima kwa magetsi kwa magetsi. Mabomawa akulandiranso malamulo a geot tractive transmittes translation system. Mwachitsanzo, makampani a California a Cevolue Transit akufuna mabasi onse oyendera kuti akhale ndi ntchito ya onse kuti akhale ndi zero zoyendera ntchito pofika 2040. Kusintha kumeneku kumafunanso mphamvu zatsopano, kulola mapulogalamu a kumaloko, ndi maphunziro a ntchito.

Kudziimira Pawokha Ndiponso Kulumikizana

Magalimoto odziimira okha (AV) akuyesedwa m'mizinda ndi maboma ambiri. Komabe, kufalikira kwa malo kudakalipo zaka zambiri. Maboma atsogolera poyesa AV . Mwachitsanzo, California amafuna kuti makampani ayese magalimoto aufulu. Maboma akuyambira kuganiza mmene AV angayambukire malo oimika (kulephera kutsika kwa malo oimika?), magalimoto, ndi ndalama zoikiza. Matauni ena akulinganiza kuti ayese magalimoto odziimira okha monga maatomu owonjezera ku kayendedwe kabwino.

Kupha Anthu Potumikira (MaaS) ndi Micromobial

Maseŵero amene agwirizanitsa kulinganiza ulendo, kukonza makampani, ndi kulipira kudutsa mpangidwe (basi, sitima, kukwera, thumba, njinga) akufalikira. Mizinda yambiri yathandiza kuswa ma apulogalamu ndi kuika zofunika kuti agwirizane. Micromobity . Micromobity . Zoyendera zopanda mabasi ndi ziwiya zoyendera , ndipo maboma akuphunzira kuyendetsa zinthuzo ndi madongosolo olola, kuimika makhora, ndi zofunika zofunika zimene zimatsimikizira kuti mautumiki afike kumadera otsika. Mtsogolo mukhoza kuona madongosolo ambiri oyendera zinthu zogwirizana kumene tikiti imodzi imaphimba basi limodzi limodzi limodzi ndi loperekera foni yopita ku malo omalizira.

Kupanga Chosankha Chofunika Kwambiri cha Chidziŵitso

Makampani a zachitetezo akugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri chidziŵitso chachikulu kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja, ma GPS, ndi makhadi oyendera kuti amvetsetse njira za ulendo, kudziŵa mabotolo a mipeck, ndi kuneneratu zamtsogolo. Maboma tsopano alola makampani a galimoto kuchokera kwa eni ake monga INRIX ndi Tom kuwonjezera zipangizo zawo. Mabungwe a m'dziko amagwiritsira ntchito zida zonga Leaguence of Cintury's . Komabe, mavuto a zachinsinsi ndi a zachinsinsi a ndandanda ya zinthu za m'galimoto adakalipo.

Kukonzekera Kusintha kwa Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zopangapanga

Kuti apindule ndi njira zimenezi, maboma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ntchito. Akatswiri a zoyendera amafunikira maphunziro a sayansi, cobbersecurity, ndi luso la zamagetsi. Olinganiza ntchito ayenera kumvetsetsa kupenda ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu. Mayiko ambiri apanga mamaofesi atsopano kapena mayanjano ndi mayunivesite. Mwachitsanzo, Testas A&M Transportation Institute imagwira ntchito ndi TxDO pa kufufuza ndi maprogramu oyendetsa ndege. Infrature iyenera kuwonjezera: kuwonjezera mawirokodi, kuwonjezera mabogilamu a magetsi pa V2, ndi kulimbitsa mabulobololedi a ma BEA shat . Makampani amathandizanso ntchito za kukonza magalimoto amagetsi (imene ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri)

Pomaliza, maboma a boma ndi a boma amayang'anizana ndi zoyendera zovuta, zoyendera, zaumoyo wosiyanasiyana, za ndalama, ndi zochita zogwirizana. Maboma amadera amasumika maganizo pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi malo apakati, pamene maboma amayang'anira ntchito zogwirizanitsa madera pamodzi. Zonse ziŵirizo zimayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu kuchokera ku ku kunyadira, chuma, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zifunitso. Koma mwa kuchirikiza luso lamakono, kulera, ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu, iwo akusintha. Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, kuzindikira choonadi chimenechi nkofunika [1] Osati chifukwa cha ntchito zamtsogolo m'kayendetsekera kapena kuyang'anira anthu, koma chifukwa cha kugawana monga nzika zodziŵika m'zo zimene zimapanga anthu.