Chiyambi: N’chifukwa Chiyani Zimene Boma Limasankha Zili Zofunika kwa Inu?

M’dziko la America lililonse la zaka 65 limadalira pa Medicas kuti likhale ndi chisamaliro chofunika kwambiri. Ophunzira mamiliyoni ambiri amadalira pa Pell Grants kuti apite ku koleji. Misewu yokongola imene mumayendera, kufufuza chitetezo pa lesitilanti yanu, ndi mapindu a ulova amene amagwira antchito panthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma ndizo zotsatira zenizeni, zosankha zadala zochitidwa ndi mabungwe a boma. Maprogramu ameneŵa saoneka mwamatsenga. Ndiwo ntchito yomalizira ya dongosolo lolinganizidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri yolimba, njira yopanga zosankha zimene zimaphatikizapo chuma, ndale, chidziŵitso, ndi ntchito za anthu. Kumvetsa bwino mmene maboma amasankhira njira zothandizira kuthandizira kuyendetsa madongosolo ameneŵa ndi mmene angakupindulire kuti muyendetse bwino kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi phande mchitidwe wa democracy.

Kuchokera ku vuto la chivomezi kupita ku pulogalamu ya boma yogwira ntchito mokwanira imadziwika kuti ndi kuzungulira kwamphamvu. Kusinthaku kumapereka maziko omvetsa masitepe ovuta oloŵetsedwamo [1] kuchokera ku kupeza nkhani yopenda ngati programu imagwiradi ntchito. Nkhaniyi imaswa zungulirenji, imafufuza zinthu zofunika zimene zimasonkhezera opanga zosankha, ndi kupenda mitundu ya maprogramu olinganizidwa kuthandiza nzika.

Mfundo Zimene Zimakhudza Mfundo Zotsatira

Pasanapangidwe programu, opanga malamulo ayenera kupenda mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zopikisana, zinthu zimenezi zimagwira ntchito monga zosefa, kudziŵira kuti ndi malingaliro otani amene amapezedwa ndi amene amaletsa.

Zinthu Zachuma Ndiponso Kusokonezeka kwa Ndalama

Chitsenderezo cha mwamsanga pa programu iriyonse ya boma ndicho bajeti. Maboma, kaya a boma, boma, kapena akumaloko, sangawononge ndalama zimene alibe (mopanda kukongola, kumene kumapanga zoletsa zake). Chigamulo chirichonse cha lamulo chiyenera kuyankha funso lakuti: "Kodi ichi chidzalipiridwa motani? Ichi kaŵirikaŵiri chimatsogolera ku kulimba kwa malonda. Kupereka njira ya zaumoyo ya akalere kungafunikire kudula ndalama kuchokera ku nyumba zoperekedwa kapena kukweza misonkho.

Mabungwe aufulu onga Ofesi ya Banki Yapampando (CBO) amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pano. Amapereka "makumi asanu" kaamba ka lamulo lolingaliridwa, kulinganiza mtengo wa programu kwa zaka khumi. Nthaŵi zambiri zimenezi zimapanga kapena kuswa lamulo. Olemba malamulo amagwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi cha zoikizira zimene zimapereka kubwezeredwa kwapamwamba koposa pa kulipira msonkho kwa wopereka msonkho.

Maganizo a Anthu Onse ndi Chinyengo

Mu demokrase yoimira oimira, chifuno cha anthu chiri ndi ukulu waukulu. Kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro a anthu . "monga ngati kuchirikiza kwakukulu kwa kukonzanso chiweruzo chaupandu kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wa mankhwala operekedwa ndi boma(*) kungakakamize nkhani yapamwamba pa malamulo. Opanga malamulo amasinthanitsa kwambiri ndi zosoŵa za anthu awo, makamaka m'nthaŵi ya masankho.

Pambali pa malingaliro a anthu, . . . . . [ Magulu a anthu otchuka (monga AARP, Sierra Club, kapena Kampani ya Zamalonda) ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu. Magulu ameneŵa amapereka ukatswiri, kuyendetsa makampani otsatsa malonda, ndi kusonkhanitsa ovotera kuchirikiza kapena kutsutsa maprogramu ena. Kulimbana pakati pa malingaliro a anthu ambiri ndi gulu la anthu ofunitsitsa kuli mbali yolongosola za ntchito yopanga zigamulo.

Ukalamba ndi Utsogoleri wa Zandale

Chipani cha ndale zadziko cha ulamuliro chimabweretsa lingaliro lapadera ndi kuika zinthu zofunika kwambiri pagome. Ochuluka osasintha angaike patsogolo misonkho ndi kuchepetsa, pamene kuli kwakuti ambiri angakakamize kufutukuka kwa makoka a chitetezo cha anthu ndi kuikizira kwa anthu. Presidenti kapena Kazembe [1] kaŵirikaŵiri amakhazikitsa mawu, kugwiritsa ntchito pulatifomu yawo kuchirikiza maprogramu osaina (m., Affordcable Care Act, Inslate Reduction Act .

Utsogoleri wa lamulo (Wolankhula pa Nyumba, Majority Guides) amayang’anira kalenda ndi kusankha kuti ndi ngongole ziti zimene zimatenga chivoti. Kusunga zipata kwa ndale zadziko kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale malingaliro otchuka angafe popanda ngwazi yamphamvu pa malo oyenera.

Umboni, Chidziŵitso, ndi Kufufuza Kwaluso

Kulamulira kwamakono kumasonkhezeredwa ndi chidziŵitso. "Kupanga malamulo ozikidwa pa isokha" ndiko chizoloŵezi cha kugwiritsira ntchito kufufuza kosamalitsa, ziyeso zolamuliridwa mwadongosolo, ndi kupenda maprogramu kuti aone maprogramu amene amagwiradi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Institute of Education Sciences imapenda njira zophunzitsira kuti adziŵe njira zimene zikuthandizira ophunzira kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Ganizirani za matanki (monga Brookings Institution, The Heritage Foundation, ndi RAND Transporation) akupereka malamulo atsatanetsatane. Mabungwe a boma onga Ofesi ya Gawo yoŵerengera (GAO) [1] Kufufuza ndi kufufuza, kupereka malongosoledwe a zolinga za maprogramu kuti atsimikizire ngati maprogramu ali okhutiritsa ndi ogwira ntchito. Opanga malamulo amadalira pa chidziŵitso chimenechi kuti apeŵe kubwereza zolakwa zakale ndi kulungamitsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ndalama za msonkho.

Kumvetsa Mkhalidwe wa Kachitidweko: Chitsogozo Chapang’onopang’ono

Pa nthawi imeneyi, anthu ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Chisitepe 1: Agenda

N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ena amanyalanyaza nkhani inayake?

  • Crisis kapena Tsoka: Tsoka lachilengedwe monga mphepo ya mkuntho Katrina kapena vuto la thanzi la anthu monga mliri wa opioid limapangitsa kufuna mwamsanga zochita za boma.
  • Media Asting :[[FLT :1] Kuulutsa nkhani kwakukulu kungasandutsa nkhani ya malo ake (monga ngongole ya ophunzira) kukhala chinthu chofunika koposa m'dziko lonselo.
  • Zochitika zogwiritsa ntchito: Chochitika chimodzi, chodabwitsa, chingasinthe kaonedwe ka anthu usiku umodzi.
  • Advocacy: A maziko a zilembo, foni, ndi zitsutso zingakakamize opanga malamulo kuchitapo kanthu.

Pa nthawi yokonza zinthu, vuto limafotokozedwa. Mwachitsanzo, vuto ndi "kusowa" kwa chakudya, kupezeka kwa chakudya, kapena maphunziro a chakudya? Kodi vuto limakonzedwa bwanji kuti litsimikizire njira zimene zingadzathetsedwe pambuyo pake.

Chiyeso 2: Kukhazikitsa Lamulo

Nkhaniyo ikangoyamba, anthu amayamba kufufuza njira zothetsera vutoli ndipo ayamba kukonza maganizo awo n’kupanga zinthu zooneka ngati zinthu zakokha.

  • Gawo la Malamulo: [[FT:1] Oimira a madipatimenti (m' lekuatiso, Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo, Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro) kupanga chilankhulo ndi malamulo ozikidwa pa ukatswiri wawo.
  • Olamulira ndi Olamulira awo: Ziŵalo za Congress kapena makhomagenti a boma a ngongole za kukonza, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi ziyambukiro kwa osonkhezera ndi olingalira akatanki.
  • Magulu a Ntchito ndi Makhomushoni: Boma lingapange gulu la akatswiri kuphunzira kope ndi kuvomereza machitidwe enieni.

Pankhani ya kukonza zinthu, pali mfundo zosiyanasiyana zimene anthu angafune kuti asankhe.

Chipilala 3: Kupanga Zosankha ndi Kutsatira Malamulo

Imeneyi ndi "mbali yovuta" . Kuvomereza chivomerezocho kuvomerezedwa. M'dongosolo la United States, zimenezi zimafuna kuyendetsa malamulo osiyanasiyana:

  1. Committee Review: Lamulolo limagaŵiridwa ku komiti (m' lekuatiso, Khoti Lachuma) kumene limatsutsana, kukonzedwanso, ndi kaya "kusimbidwa" ku chipinda chonse kapena kuphedwa.
  2. [[Nthano:0] Nkhani ya Floor ndi Vote: Nyumba yonse kapena Nyumba ya Malamulo itsutsana. Mapilibuster mu Nyumba ya Malamulo angafune kupambana kwa 60 kwa chivomezi kupambana malamulo ambiri.
  3. Komiti ya Conference: Ngati Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo zipereka matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana, komiti yogwirizana imathetsa kusiyanako.
  4. [[FLT: 0] Kuvomereza : [[FLT :1] Lamulo lomaliza limatumizidwa kwa Pulezidenti (kapena Bwana) kuti asaine. Woyang'anira angasaine m'lamulo kapena kuitumiza. Aveto angasanjidwe ndi mavoti aŵiri chitatu m’zipinda zonse ziŵiri.

Pachiyambi chimenechi, anthu amatsutsana ndi malamulo a zandale (amene anthu amatsutsa mfundo za boma, kapena kuti kulimbikitsa maganizo awo).

Chigawo 4: Kugwiritsira Ntchito

Kupereka lamulo kuli chiyambi chabe. Kutsatira ndiko njira yotembenuzira cholinga cha malamulo ku mautumiki enieni a panthaka. Izi kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika ndi mabungwe a boma kupyolera m'dongosolo lotchedwa [[FLT: 0] kupanga malamulo.

Makampani amalemba malamulo atsatanetsatane odziŵikitsa bwino lomwe amene ali oyenerera, mmene angagwiritsire ntchito, ndi mmene programu imagwirira ntchito. Anthu anganene kaŵirikaŵiri za malamulo operekedwa kupyolera m'malo onga ngati .gov

  • Ukulu wa Bureaucatic Capasac : Kodi bungwelo liri ndi antchito okwanira ndi luso la zopangapanga kuyendetsa programu?
  • Malamulo a Chikuto amachititsa kuti pakhale kusagwirizana.
  • [[MLT:0] Mikhalidwe Yosayembekezereka: Programu yolinganizidwa m'kutsika kwa chuma ingagwire ntchito mosiyana m'chuma chomakula.

Kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, njira yochitira zinthu ndi boma ndi imene imathandiza kuti anthu azichita zinthuzo mwachindunji pogwiritsira ntchito malo a pa Intaneti, mafomu ofunsira mapepala, ndi maofesi a makampani a m’deralo.

Chipilala 5: Kupenda ndi Kubwezera Zodya

Komiti ya Chingelezi ya Chingelezi ya Chingelezi ya Chingelezi ya Chingelezi.

  • Ofesi ya Boma ya Umboni (GAO): Machitidwe monga mkono wofufuza wa Congress, kuŵerengera programu.
  • General Inpector (IGs): ndi ochirikizidwa m’mabungwe kuchotsa chinyengo, kutayitsa zinthu, ndi kuzunza.
  • Ofufuza osadziŵa ntchito: Kusagwirizana ndi kugawana kwa makampani a maphunziro a pulogalamu.

Zotsatira za kupima zibwererenso ku siteji yokonzeratu. Ngati pulogalamu yapezeka kuti si yothandiza, ingasinthidwe, kuchotsedwa, kapena kuthetsedwa. Zimenezi zimachititsa malamulowo kukhala oyendera limodzi mosalekeza m'malo mwa kuwongolera.

Mbali Zazikulu za Maprogramu Osonyeza Anthu

Maboma amakonza njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira nzika.

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Kusamalira thanzi ndi imodzi ya mbali zazikulu za ndalama za boma. Maprogramu onga Medicare (akulukulu), Madalisiti [1] (aanzake a anthu ndi mabanja otsika), ndi Programme ya za Thanzi la Inishuwalensi (CHIP) imapereka chisamaliro cha mankhwala kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America. Zosankha pano zikuphatikizapo kukambirana ndi makampani a inshuwalansi, zipatala, ndi makampani opanga mankhwala oyendetsa zinthu zosamalira pamene akusamalira thanzi.

Maphunziro ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito

Kuchokera ku K-12 ya maphunziro a anthu onse mpaka ku chipatala cha zachuma, maphunziro ndi maziko a kuchirikiza boma. Programu ya Pell Grant [[FLT: 1] imapereka mphatso zofunikira kuti ophunzira apeze ndalama zochepa. Zosankha za maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo mikangano ya boma yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa kumaloko, kuyesa kochitidwa mwadongosolo, ndi ndalama zothandizira maphunziro a ntchito mogwirizana ndi njira zamwambo.

Kuteteza Chuma ndi Inshuwalansi

Maprogramu ameneŵa amagwira ntchito monga msampha wotetezera anthu amene akuyang'anizana ndi mavuto. Suctivial Security [[FLT :1] imapereka ndalama zopuma pantchito, pamene Inishuwansi ya ntchito imachirikiza kanthaŵi kwa antchito amene amataya ntchito zawo. SNAP [SD programme Intericiation Appive ) , yodziŵika kale monga zidindo za chakudya, imathandiza mabanja kugula chakudya chochepa. Maprogramu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amadziŵika ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri ndipo amachitidwa ndi mikangano yaikulu ya ndale zadziko ponena za kuchuluka ndi phindu lawo.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Nyumba ndi Chitukuko cha Anthu

Nyumba zachisungiko ndi zokhoza kugulitsidwa ndi zofunika kwambiri. Maprogramu a boma onga Kusanthula 8 Nyumba Zosankha Vouchers [1] zimathandiza mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa pa msika wa munthu. Malamulo pano amayambukiridwa kwambiri ndi misika yeniyeni ya malo ndi malamulo a Urban Development.

Njira Yosankhira ndi Kulinganiza

Popeza kuti pali zinthu zambiri zofunika ndiponso kulibe ndalama zokwanira, kodi maboma amasankha bwanji njira yopangira zinthu?

Kuwononga Ndalama ndi Kubwereranso Pansi

Opanga malamulo amayang'ana maprogramu amene amatulutsa phindu lalikulu kwambiri pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyerekezera njira zosiyanasiyana ku vuto limodzimodzilo. Mwachitsanzo, kodi kumanga ndende zambiri kapena kuchirikiza maphunziro aukhanda kuchepetsa upandu? Programu yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ingasankhidwe ngati isunga ndalama zambiri pakali pano (m., kuteteza zaumoyo).

Kukondera ndi Kusakondera

Maboma ayenera kulingalira ngati programu imagaŵira mapindu ake moyenerera kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Kodi kuswa msonkho kumayanja olemera? Kodi koleji imapatsa ophunzira akumidzi ntchito yokhutiritsa monga a m’mizinda? Kuyesa kusayenera [ kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna chuma cha anthu amene adakhalako kale osasungidwa, amene angakhale chitokoso chovuta ndi chovuta kukonza.

Kulephera Kulamulira pa Zandale

Programu yangwiro papepala njopanda phindu ngati siingaperekedwe kapena kuperekedwa. Chigamulo cha Pritation [1] chimafunsa: "Kodi ichi chingayende ku Congress? Administrative famitivible[ imafunsa: "Kodi bungwe lingagwiritsitsedi zimenezi popanda kusweka? Programu imene ili yovuta kwambiri kuifotokoza kapena yovuta kwambiri kuigwiritsira ntchito idzakhala ndi ziŵerengero zochepera ndi ziŵerengero zolakwika.

Umboni Wosonyeza Kuti Zinthu Zimatheka

Monga momwe taonera kale, chidziŵitso ndi mfumu. Maprogramu amene atsimikiziridwa kugwira ntchito m'maphunziro ovuta ali othekera kwambiri kupatsidwa ndalama ndi kufutukulitsidwa. Zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimatchedwa "kutsimikizira ndi kuzikidwa" kapena "data-driven" lamulo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa [mayeso olamuliridwa ndi (RCTS) [1] m'kachitidwe ka mayanjano akula modziŵika, kulola maboma kugwiritsira ntchito vuto la sayansi ku maprogramuzi a makampani opanga mankhwala atsopano.

Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muchite Zinthuzo

Kupanga zosankha kungaoneke kukhala kutali, koma pali njira zambiri zimene nzika zingakusonkhezereni. Kugwirizana ndi njira yopanga malamulo ndi imodzi ya njira zolunjika kwambiri. Pamene bungwe la boma likhazikitsa malamulo atsopano a programu, limafalitsa chidziŵitso mu Federal Register ndi kuitanira ndemanga zapoyera. Mawuwa angasinthe ndi kusintha malamulo omalizira.

Kuzindikira kumene oyembekezera kuima pamaprogramu akutiakuti (monga Social Security and Medicare) kumakupatsani chosankha chotsimikizirika. Ndiponso, kufunsa oimira anu osankhidwawo kuti afotokoze nkhani yanu yaumwini ya mmene programu inathandizira (kapena kulephera) mumapereka mtundu wa chidziŵitso cha munthu chimene ziŵerengero sizingakhoze kunyamula.

Kumaliza

Njira ya kukuthandizani maboma ndiyo kuphatikiza manambala a bajeti, mphamvu zandale, kukakamiza anthu, ndi chidziŵitso chovuta. Kumvetsetsa malamulo oyendera moyo . Kuyambira posankha zinthu ndi poti n’zosachita kugawidwa. Zifukwa zimenezi n’zotsatira za kulinganiza, ngakhale kuti n’zosokoneza, za demokalase. Mwa kuphunzira malamulo opanga malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha ndi kupanga mapulogalamu, mukhoza kupeza zipangizo zothandizira ntchito zimene mukufunikira m’mudzi mwanu. Kaya mukufunsira thandizo kapena kuvota m'chosankha chotsatira, chidziŵitso chimenechi ndi njira yoyamba yosinthira zolinga za boma kukhala dziko lenileni.