Table of Contents

Kumvetsetsa mmene mavoti amaŵerengeredwa nkofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kumvetsetsa dongosolo la chisankho la pulezidenti wa ku America. Njira ya Electoral College imasonyeza mbali imodzi yapadera kwambiri ya demokrase ya United States, yophatikizapo masitepe ambiri, magawo a nthaŵi okhwima, ndi njira zotsimikizirika zotsimikizira kuti mphamvuzo zikhoza kusamutsidwira mwamtendere zaka zinayi zirizonse.

Kodi Kholiji ya Electoral Nchiyani?

Bungwe la Electoral College si malo enieni koma ndi njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi United States Constitution yosankha pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti. Malamulo a Malamulo anakhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi m’zigawo zina, monga kulolerana pakati pa chisankho cha Pulezidenti ndi voti ya Pulezidenti mwa kuvota anthu oyenerera.

Electoral College imaphatikizapo kusankha osankha, kukumana kwa osankha kumene amavotera Pulezidenti ndi Pulezidenti, ndi kuŵerengera mavoti osankhidwa ndi Congress. Dongosolo lamitundumitundu limeneli lakhala mbali yaikulu ya masankho a pulezidenti wa ku America chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwa dzikolo, ngakhale kuti lasintha mwa kusintha kwa malamulo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Chiŵerengero Chonse cha Mafakitale

Pakali pano pali 538 osankhidwa onse, kuphatikizapo Washington, D.C. a voti atatu. Nambala imeneyi yakhala yosasintha chiyambire 1964 ndipo imaimira kuŵerengera kotsimikizirika kozikidwa pa kapangidwe ka boma la boma.

Mavoti onse osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa ndi 538, kusonyeza 100 Senators + 435 Oimira 3 + 3 ya DC. Kupata unduna, unyinji wokha wa mavoti a voti (270 kapena kuposa) akufunika kusankha pulezidenti ndi pulezidenti. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti wosankha ayenera kusungidwa pafupifupi mavoti 270 osankhidwa pa 538 amene alipo kuti apeze chilakiko.

Mmene Electoral Votes Amapatsidwira ku United States

Kugaŵiridwa kwa mavoti pakati pa maboma kumatsatira lamulo limene limaimira nthumwi za gulu. Kumvetsetsa kugawiridwa kumeneku nkofunika kwambiri kuti timvetse chifukwa chake maiko osiyanasiyana amanyamula ziyeso zosiyanasiyana m’masankho a pulezidenti.

Kapangidwe ka Malamulo

Boma lililonse limagaŵiridwa chiŵerengero cha mavoti olingana ndi chiŵerengero cha Senators ndi Oimira m'gulu lake la Congress ku United States . Mavoti aŵiri a Oimira ake mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States ndi chiŵerengero cha mavoti olingana ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawo zake za Congress. Njira imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti boma lirilonse, mosasamala kanthu za ukulu wake, lili ndi liwu lina m’chosankha cha pulezidenti.

Chifukwa chakuti boma lililonse lili ndi oimira aŵiri ndipo mwina woimira mmodzi, ngakhale maiko osacheperapo amalandira mavoti atatu osankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Wyoming — boma locheperapo mwa anthu — lili ndi gawo la mavoti atatu osankhidwa, pamene California — boma lalikulu koposa la anthu — lili ndi mavoti 54 osankhidwa ndi anthu.

Ntchito ya Kuŵerengera

Pa zaka khumi zilizonse, United States amaŵerengera anthu kuti aŵerenge anthu, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizo zimatsimikizira kuti nzika iliyonse imalandira nzika zingati m’Nyumba ya Oimira.

Zaka 10 zilizonse, zotsatira za Cunival zimagaŵidwa motani m'Nyumba ya Oimira, ndipo maboma angapeze kapena kutaya mavoti osankhidwa mogwirizana ndi zimenezo. Malowo azikidwa pa 2020 Census ndipo ngogwira ntchito pa masankho a pulezidenti 2024 ndi 2028.

Washington, D.C.'S.Electoral Votes

Pansi pa 23 Demendment ya Constitution, District ya Columbia imagaŵiridwa osankha atatu ndi kuchitiridwa monga Boma kaamba ka zifuno za Electoral College . Chisinthiko chimenechi, chovomerezedwa mu 1961, chopatsidwa kwa nzika za likulu la dzikolo ufulu wa kutenga nawo mbali m'masankho a pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti iwo alibebe kuimira kotheratu kwa mapangano.

Mmene Opendutsira Amasankhidwira

Mavoti osankhidwa asanaŵerengedwe, osanthula ayenera choyamba kusankhidwa. Kusankha kumeneku kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi boma koma kumatsatira njira zachisawawa zokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la boma ndi njira za chipani cha ndale zadziko.

Mmene Mungasankhire Zinthu

Zipani za ndale zadziko za boma zirizonse zimasankha zikalata zawo za osankhidwa othekera, ndipo amene amasankhidwa kukhala wosankhira, motani, ndi pamene amasiyana ndi boma. Opereka zigamulo amasankhidwa mwapadera ndi akuluakulu a chipani, ndipo nyumba yoyaluza iliyonse imasankha njira ndi nthaŵi yosankhira osankha ake.

Komabe, pali ziletso za lamulo pa amene angatumikire monga wosankha. Mfundo II ya Malamulo imaletsa osunga malamulo ndi ziŵalo za Congress kutumikira monga osankha. Kulekana kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti nthambi za malamulo ndi za akuluakulu zikhale zosiyana mkati mwa masankho.

Zimene Zimachitika Mukamacheza

Aamereka ambiri sazindikira kuti pamene aponya chisankho chawo pa Tsiku la Chisankho, iwo savotera mwachindunji kaamba ka woloŵa pulezidenti. Pamene musankha kaamba ka pulezidenti, simukusankhadi Pulezidenti. Mumauza Boma lanu kuti boma lanu livomere pamsonkhano wa osankha.

Pamene Aamereka aponya mavoti awo pa Tsiku la Chisankho, iwo ali osankha mwapadera kaamba ka chikalata cha osankha odzipereka kuchirikiza chosankha chawo kaamba ka pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti. Maboma amagwiritsira ntchito zotulukapo za chisankho chachisawawa (chodziŵikanso monga chivoti chotchuka) kukhazikitsa osankha awo, ndipo chipani cha ndale zadziko chopambana cha Boma chimasankha anthu omwe adzakhala osankhidwa.

Njira Zoyendetsera

Kumvetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zimenezi n’kofunika kuti timvetsetse mmene makampani a pulezidenti amachitira zinthu ndiponso chifukwa chake mayiko ena amasamalidwa kwambiri kuposa ena.

Kanyama Kodya Zakudya

Maboma onse, kusiyapo Maine ndi Nebraska, ali ndi lamulo lopambana lokwanira pamene Boma liyang'ana kokha pa wopambana wa chivoti chotchuka cha boma lonse. M'maboma 48 ndi Washington, D.C., wopambanayo amalandira mavoti onse a chisankho chimenecho.

Kupambana konse kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti wosankha amene apambana boma ndi mphepete wochepa amalandira mavoti onse a bomalo. Dongosolo limeneli lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la njira ya mpikisano, pamene ofuna kupambana asumika maganizo kwambiri pa mpikisano "kukwera maiko" kumene kuli kosatsimikizirika.

Maine ndi Nebraska

Maine ndi Nebraska amasankha osankha amodzi ozikidwa pa wopambana wotchuka m’chigawo chilichonse cha Congress ndipo kenaka 2 "aat-large" osankhidwa ozikidwa pa wopambana wa chivoti chotchuka cha boma lonse. Dongosolo la chigawo limeneli limalola maboma ameneŵa kugaŵa mavoti awo osankhidwa pakati pa oyembekezera.

Ngakhale kuti si zachilendo kuti Maine kapena Nebraska apange voti, aliyense wachita zimenezi kawiri: Nebraska mu 2008, Maine mu 2016, ndiponso onse aŵiri Maine ndi Nebraska mu 2020.

Chikalata Chotsimikizira

Pambuyo pa Tsiku la Chisankho, maboma ayenera kukonza masankho awo mwa kulembetsa chikalata chovomerezeka. Chikalata chimenechi chimagwira ntchito monga maziko alamulo a voti ya Electoral College.

Pambuyo pa chisankho chachisawawa, Wolamulira wa Boma lanu amakonza Tsata yondandalika ya Makalata a anthu onse pa zikalata za wosankhidwa aliyense, chiŵerengero cha mavoti amene munthu aliyense analandira ndi mawonetsedwe a anthu amene anaikidwa kukhala osankhidwa a Boma lanu.

Electoral Count Reform Act ya 2022 ikufuna kuti boma lililonse ligamule nduna ya boma — bwanamkubwa kusiyapo ngati mwatchutchulidwa — kukhala ndi thayo la kutumiza "umboni wa kugamula kwa" kumene kumadziŵikitsa osankhidwa a boma ndi kuphatikiza mbali ya chisungiko. Kusintha kumeneku kunachitidwa kulimbitsa umphumphu ndi chisungiko cha kachitidwe ka voti.

Mikangano iriyonse m'maboma yonena za osankha iyenera kuthetsedwa ndi Dec. 11, 2024, pamene mkulu wa boma lililonse asonyeza Chikalata cha Wotsimikiza kuti asankhe osankhidwa ndi ovota. Nthaŵi imeneyi, yodziŵika monga "doko lachisungiko", imatsimikizira kuti boma lili ndi nthaŵi ya kuthetsa mikangano iliyonse osankhidwa asanakumane kuti apange mavoti awo.

Nthaŵi ndi Pamene Ophunzira Amakumana

Kupanga mavoti enieni kwa mavoti kumachitika patapita milungu ingapo pambuyo pa Tsiku la Chisankho, kutsatira nthaŵi yoikidwa ndi lamulo la boma. Msonkhano umenewu ukuimira chisankho chalamulo cha pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti.

Msonkhano wa December

Osankha m’boma lililonse amakumana kuti asankhe pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wa United States, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amakumana pabwalo pa Lachiŵiri Lachitatu pambuyo pa chisankho chachiŵiri mu December.

Osankha m’maiko awo osiyanasiyana amakumana, kumene amavotera Pulezidenti ndi Pulezidenti wachiŵiri pa mapepala osiyana.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera

Pulezidenti wosanthula "adzatchula m'mavoti awo munthuyo m'kuvotera monga Pulezidenti, ndipo m'mavoti osiyana munthu wovotera kukhala Woyang'anira Malamulo, ndipo adzapanga mpambo wosiyana wa anthu onse osankhidwa monga Pulezidenti, ndi anthu onse osankhidwa kukhala Bukhu la Pansi, ndi chiŵerengero cha mavoti kwa aliyense, amene amalemba kuti adzalemba zizindikiro ndi kutsimikizira. Chinenerochi chimachokera mwachindunji ku Lamulo la Chilamulo la 12

Osankha a Boma lanu alembedwa pa Tsata ya Vote, imene yakonzedwa pamsonkhano ndi osankha ndi kutumizidwa ku Congress, kumene mavoti akuŵerengedwa, ndi ku NARA, monga mbali ya zolembedwa zalamulo za chisankho cha Pulezidenti. Makope ambiri a zikalata zimenezi amapangidwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa akuluakulu osiyanasiyana kutsimikizira mavoti alembedwa bwino ndi kusungidwa.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Zikalata zovota ziyenera kulandiridwa pa Lachitatu lachinayi mu December, limene chaka chino ndi Dec. 25. Wolemba mbiri wa bungwe la Chipangano Choona ayenera kutumiza zikalata ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kapena asanakhale pa msonkhano watsopano pa Jan. 3, 2025.

Ophunzitsa Opanda Chikhulupiriro: Kodi Azingopenyetsetsa Tinganene Mosiyana?

Funso limodzi limene limabuka kaŵirikaŵiri ndilo lakuti kaya osankha afunikira kuvotera wosankhidwa amene anapambana chisankho chawo chotchuka cha boma. Yankho limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi boma ndipo lakhala nkhani ya zitokoso za lamulo.

Ofufuza samangidwa ndi Malamulo kapena lamulo la boma kuti avote mogwirizana ndi voti yotchuka m'boma lawo; komabe, maboma 38 ndi Washington, D.C., ali ndi malamulo m'malo ofuna osankha kuvota woloŵa chipani chawo wolonjezedwa. Malamulo a boma ameneŵa amatsimikiza kuti osankha alemekeze chifuniro cha osankha amene anawasankha.

Chigamulo cha Bwalo Lapamwamba mu Chiafalo ndi Washington (2020) chinagamula kuti maboma amaloledwa kukakamiza chilango / kuphatikizapo faindi, kulowa mmalo monga wosankha, ndi kugamula mothekera (pa "osankha opanda chikhulupiriro," kapena awo amene amavotera motsutsana ndi chivoti chotchuka m'boma lawo. Chigamulo chimenechi chinamveketsa kuti lamulolo lili ndi ulamuliro womangirira osankha awo ku chotulukapo cha voti.

Kuŵerengera kwa Mabungwe

Mbali yomaliza ndiponso yoonekera kwambiri ya kuŵerengera mavoti a mavoti imachitika m’nyumba ya malamulo, kumene anthu a m’zipinda zonse ziŵiri amasonkhana kuti alembe mwalamulo zimene zachitika ndi kulengeza kuti amene wapambana chisankho cha pulezidenti.

Ntchito Yogwirizana ya Mabungwe

Mavoti a Boma lililonse amaŵerengedwa m’chigawo chogwirizana cha Congress pa January 6 chaka chotsatira msonkhano wa osankha, kumene Mamembala a Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo amasonkhana mu Nyumba ya Nyumba kukachititsa chiŵerengero cha mavoti a voti.

Prezidenti Wamkulu, monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, amayang’anira kuŵerengerako ndi kulengeza zotulukapo za voti la Electoral College. Wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti adzatsegula zikalata za voti ndi kuzipereka kwa ziŵalo ziŵiri za Nyumbayo ndi ziŵalo ziŵiri za Bungwe, zimene zimaŵerengera mavotiwo.

Manijala wa Pulezidenti wa United States, monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, amayang’anira chiŵerengerocho m’njira ya utumiki yokha ndi kulengeza zotulukapo za voti.

Mtengo wa Electoral Count Reform Act wa 2022

Pambuyo pa mikangano yokhudza chisankho cha 2020, Nyumba ya Malamulo inakhazikitsa masinthidwe aakulu kuti ithandize kusanthula ndi kulimbikitsa kuŵerengera kwa voti. Msonkhano unapereka Electoral Reform Act mu 2022, imene inavumbula kuti mbali ya wachiŵiri ya pulezidentiyo potsogolera msonkhano wa Congress ndi mwambo.

Chikalatachi chinapangitsa kuti mamembala a Congress azivutika kutsutsa osankha a boma mwa kukweza malo oyambira 20% a ziwalo za chipinda chilichonse, pamene poyamba, chiŵalo chimodzi chokha cha Nyumba ndi mkulu mmodzi anafunikira kudzutsa chitsutso. Chitseko chachikulu chimenechi chimapangitsa kuti pakhale zifukwa zosamveka kwambiri pamene chikukhalabe kukhoza kwa Congress kusamalira zofunikira.

Maziko a Kukana

Zifukwa ziŵiri zokha zokanizira n’zovomerezeka: kuti osankha a Boma sanavomerezedwe mwalamulo ndi Chikalata cha Malo Otsimikizirika, kapena kuti chisankho cha wosankha mmodzi kapena ochulukirapo sichinaperekedwe nthaŵi zonse.

Ngati atsutsa, Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo imachoka kupita ku zipinda zawo kuti ikalingalire ubwino wa chitsutsocho m’malamulo a Federal. Pamenepo chipinda chirichonse chimatsutsana ndi kuvota pa kaya kuchilikiza chitsutsocho.

Kulengeza Opambana

Ngati pali wopambana wochuluka mwa mavoti osachepera 270 ndipo palibe zitsutso zachipambano zoperekedwa ndi ziŵalo za Congress, chisankho cha pulezidenti chimatsimikiziridwa mowonjezereka. Prezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo amalengeza kuti ndi anthu ati, ngati alipo, amene asankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti ndi Pulezidenti wa United States.

Kodi Chimachitika N’chiyani Ngati Anthu Ambiri Sapambana Pankhondo Yopanda Chilango?

Ngakhale kuti n’zovuta kuchitika, njira ya Electoral College imaphatikizapo makonzedwe a mikhalidwe imene palibe wosankha amene akwanitsa mavoti 270 ofunikira. Nkhani imeneyi, yodziŵika monga chisankho cha anthu, imasintha mphamvu yopanga zosankha ku Congress.

Nyumba Inyalanyaza Pulezidenti

Ngati palibe pulezidenti amene wapambana mavoti osachepera 270 (ochuluka a mavoti 538 amene alipo), pansi pa Kusintha kwa Lamulo la 12 la Lamulo Nyumba ya Oimira Bungwelo ikusankha chisankho cha Prezidenti.

Ngati kuli koyenera, Nyumbayo inasankha Pulezidenti mwa voti la anthu ambiri, mwa kusankha pakati pa atatu oyembekezera kulandira chisankho chachikulu koposa cha voti.

Votiyo ikatengedwa ndi Boma, Boma lirilonse litakhala ndi voti limodzi, ndipo District ya Columbia siisankha chifukwa chakuti iyo ilibe ziŵalo zovota m'Nyumba ya Oimira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Wyoming ndi California akakhala ndi kulemera kofanana m'kusankha pulezidenti pansi pa chochitikachi.

Bungwe Lamilandu Linyalanyaza Pulezidenti Waudindo

Ngati palibe wosankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti wosankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti amene apambana mavoti osachepera 270 (ochuluka a mavoti 538 amene alipo), pansi pa Kusintha kwa 12 kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo amasankha Pulezidenti Waudindo mwa voti la ambiri, kusankha pakati pa aŵiri oyembekezera kulandira chivoti chachikulu koposa. Mtsogoleri aliyense akakhala ndi voti limodzi.

Mwachiwonekere, kachitidwe kameneka kangapangitse pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa zipani zosiyanasiyana za ndale zadziko ngati Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ipanga zosankha zosiyana.

Malamulo a M’mbiri Ndiponso a Lamulo

Kumvetsa mfundo yakuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha kuchokera mu 1787 kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake zinthu zimene zilipo masiku ano zimayendera njira imeneyi, zasintha kwambiri.

Lamulo la 12 Lowonjezera

Malamulo olamulira Electoral College afotokozedwa ndi Elmetal College . Kusintha kumeneku, kovomerezedwa mu 1804, kunasintha kwambiri mmene osankha anavota. Poyamba, osankha anavota aŵiri a pulezidenti, ndipo wothamangayo anakhala wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti. Dongosololi linayambitsa mavuto pamene magulu andale anabuka, kutsogolera ku vuto la masankhoti a 1800.

Pa msonkhano wa 12 wa kukonzanso zinthu, panafunika ofufuza kuti alembe mapepala opatula a pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, kuti pasabuke mikangano imene ingakhalepo m’dongosolo loyamba.

Mpumulo wa 23

M'mbiri yambiri ya Amereka, nzika za Washington, D.C., sizikanavotera m'masankho a pulezidenti. Kuvomerezedwa kwa Programme ya 23rd mu 1961 kunalola nzika za ku District of Columbia kutengamo mbali m'masankho a pulezidenti; iwo akhalanso ndi osankhidwa atatu. Kusintha kumeneku kunafutukula chiŵerengero cha mazana a nzika za ku Amereka zimene zinachotsedwapo pa masankhoti a pulezidenti.

Ntchito ya Maboma

Mabungwe angapo a boma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m’dongosolo la Electoral College, ngakhale kuti alibe ulamuliro pa kusankha osankhira kapena zotulukapo za masankho.

Ofesi ya Federal Register (OFR) ndi mbali ya National Archives Administration (NARA) ndipo, m’malo mwa Archivist wa United States, imagwirizanitsa ntchito zina za Electoral College pakati pa United States ndi Congress, ngakhale kuti siimagwira ntchito m’kusankha osankha ndipo siilankhulana nawo.

National Archives imalandira ndi kusunga zikalata zovota zochokera ku boma lililonse, kusungitsa zikalata zimenezi monga mbali ya mbiri yakale yosatha. Ntchito yosunga mbiri yakale imeneyi imatsimikizira kuonekera kwa zinthu ndi kupereka magwero odalirika kaamba ka zotulukapo zalamulo za chisankho cha pulezidenti.

Nthaŵi ya Electoral College Programme

Kumvetsa nthawi yonse kumathandiza kufotokoza bwino mmene njira zosiyanasiyana za Electoral College zimagwirizanira. Nayi mfundo yokwanira ya masiku ofunika ndi masiku oikidwiratu:

[[FLT: 0] Tsiku la chisankho: Chisankho chachisawawa chimachitidwa pa Lachiŵiri lililonse pa Lachiŵiri patatha Lolemba loyamba mu November. Oimba mavota amaponya mapepala osankhidwa pa sileti yosankhidwa ya osankhidwa.

Mid-Deceber (Safe Harbor Deadline): Maboma ayenera kuthetsera mikangano ndi kumaliza Chikalata chawo cha Associalment, kutsimikizira kuti osankha anasankhidwa.

Mid-December (Ophunzira Akumana): Ofufuza amasonkhana m'malikulu awo a boma kuti aike mavoti awo kaamba ka pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti.

DEC. DEC:[[FLT :1] Zikalata zovota ziyenera kuperekedwa ku Congress ndi National Archives.

January 3: Mabungwe atsopano alumbira.

January 6: Congress imakumana m'chigawo chimodzi kuŵerengera mavoti osankhidwa ndi kulengeza wopambana.

January 20: [[FLT: 1] Pulezidenti wogamula ndi Woweruza Wamkulu ndi Woweruza Wamkulu amasankha Ofesi ndi kukhala pulezidenti wa United States ndi Pulezidenti wa United States, mogwirizana.

Malingaliro Olakwika Ofala Ponena za Kuchuluka kwa Maluŵa Okongola

Malingaliro olakwika ambiri akupitirizabe ponena za mmene mavoti amaŵerengedwera ndi zimene akuluakulu ena amachita m’kachitidweko.

Pulezidenti Waudindo Sangakanize Zogulitsa Zogulitsa

Chiphunzitso chimodzi cholakwika chimene chinakopa anthu pa chisankho cha 2020 chinali lingaliro lakuti wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti ali ndi mphamvu ya kulandira kapena kukana mavoti a voti. Electoral Count Reformation Act ya 2022 inafotokoza momveka bwino kuti ntchito ya wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti ndi ya mwambo ndi utumiki. Mtsogoleri wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti amatsegula zikalata ndi kuyang'anira chigawo koma alibe ulamuliro wosankha mavoti amene ali oyenera kapena kusintha zotsatira zake.

Zimene Ofalitsa Nkhani Amaonera Si Zotsatirapo Zalamulo

Pausiku wa chisankho, mabungwe a nyuzi achita mayeso opambana ozikidwa pa ziŵerengero za voti ndi kupenda ziŵerengero. Komabe, zonena zimenezi siziri zotulukapo zalamulo. Kachitidwe ka boma kamaphatikizapo chikalata cha boma, msonkhano wa osankha mu December, ndi kuŵerengera kwa bungwe la opanga masankho mu January. Pamene kuli kwakuti manyuzipepala atsatidwe ali olondola, iwo amaimira kuneneratu kodziŵidwa m’malo mwa malamulo.

Ntchito Yotchuka ya Mawu ndi Yapadera N’njosiyana

N’zotheka kupambana pa Electoral College koma osalandira chisankho chotchuka, ndipo zimenezi zinachitika mu 2016, 2000, ndi katatu m'ma 1800. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti Electoral College imavoti pa maziko a boma m’malo modalira pa chivoti chonse cha dziko. Wofuna kulowa pa dzikolo angapeze malo oyenerera kuti afike pa 270 ovota, ngakhale ngati munthu wina angalandire mavoti ambiri m’dziko lonselo.

Kupezeka Moonekera ndi Kwapoyera

Ngakhale kuti pa koleji ya Electoral pali njira zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera anthu pa malo osiyanasiyana.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, osankha a Boma aliyense pa mavoti awo a Boma, ndipo Boma lililonse limasankha ngati voti liloledwa kapena ayi kwa anthu. Mayiko ena amalola nzika ndi ofalitsa kuyang'anira voti, pamene ena amachita ntchitoyo popanda kupezeka ndi anthu ambiri.

Kwa awo ofuna kuyang'anira mavoti awo a boma, kufunsa ofesi ya bwanamkubwa kapena mlembi wa boma kungapereke chidziŵitso chonena za njira zofikira anthu ndi kuonerera. Zikalatazo zidzakhala zolembera za anthu zimene zinatumizidwa ku National Archives, kupereka kuwonekera ngakhale ngati njira yeniyeni yovota si yotseguka kuwona.

Kusuliza ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Anthu akhala akutsutsana pa Electoral College m’mbiri yonse ya ku America, ndipo anthu otsutsa ndiponso ochirikiza dzikolo akhala akuuza ena mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokhudza ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.

Kukangana Chifukwa Chofuna Kusintha Zinthu

Otsutsa Electoral College amanena kuti imachititsa mavuto ambiri ku America. Dongosololi lingachititse pulezidenti amene sanapambane pa chivoti chotchuka cha dzikolo, chimene ena amachiona kukhala chosayendera democratic. Maboma ambiri ayesa kuti anthu opambana amayesetsa kwambiri kupikisana ndi mayiko koma osamvera mayiko amene akutsatira zotsatira zake.

Kuwonjezerapo, njira yoikizira imapereka kulemera kokulira ku maiko aang'ono. Malinga ndi 2023 kuyerekezera kwa anthu, voti imodzi yosankhidwa mu Wyoming ya anthu pafupifupi 194,000, pamene kuli kwakuti voti mu Texas, Florida kapena California imaŵerengera anthu oposa 740,000. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ovota m'maiko aang'ono ali ndi mphamvu yosanthula munthu aliyense kuposa ovota m’maiko aakulu.

Nkhondo Zoti Zisungidwe

Oteteza Electoral College amanena kuti ilo limathandiza kwambiri m'dziko la America. Dongosololi limatsimikizira kuti opita ku mapresidenti ayenera kumanga mgwirizano wa malo osiyanasiyana m’malo mongoyang'ana mizinda ya anthu ambiri. Imateteza dziko la United States mwa kupereka ntchito m’maboma posankha pulezidenti.

Ochirikiza amanenanso kuti Electoral College yapanga opambana owonekera ndipo yathandizira kukhazikika kwa ndale zadziko. Njira yopambana m'maiko ambiri imakulitsa tsinde la chipambano, kupatsa wolandira chilolezo champhamvu koposa mlingo wa voti yokha imene ingapereke lingaliro.

Mgwirizano Wotchuka wa Boma la Interstate

Chikalata chimodzi chowongolera chimene chapezedwa ndicho National Popular Vote Interstate Community . Pansi pa pangano limeneli, maiko angapereke mavoti awo kwa wosankha wopambana chisankho cha dzikolo mmalo mwa wopambana chisankho chawo chotchuka cha boma. Chikalatacho chikangoyamba kugwira ntchito kokha ngati maboma oimira mavoti pafupifupi 270 osankhidwa, kutsimikizira kuti wopambana wotchuka wa voti akakhala prezidenti.

Zimenezi zikanathandiza kuti dziko lonse livote kuti pulezidenti asinthe popanda kukonza malamulo a boma.

Kukangana kwaposachedwapa kwa ku Electoral College

Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2020 chinabweretsanso chidwi ku Electoral College ndipo chinatchulanso za kuchulukana kwa mayiko m’makampani amene anakhazikitsa bungwe la Ellectoral Count Reformation Act mu 2022.

Pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2020, anthu ena anayesa kupanga zikalata zosinthana za osankha m'maiko olakidwa ndi Pulezidenti Biden. Pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2020, chomwe chinatchedwa "fake" osankhira a Republican m'maboma asanu ndi aŵiri ankhondo olakidwa ndi Pulezidenti Biden adakumanabe ndi kuponya mavoti onyenga a Trump, ndipo milandu ya boma yaperekedwa motsutsana ndi osanthula onyenga ku Georgia, Michigan ndi Nevada.

Zochitika zimenezi zinasonyeza kufunika kwa njira zomveka bwino ndi chitetezo champhamvu m’kuŵerengera kosankhidwa. Act ya Electoral Count Reformation inafotokoza zambiri mwa zinthu zimenezi mwa kulongosola bwino mbali ya mwambo wa wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti, kuyambitsa njira yokanirana ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi kulimbitsa njira yochitira chikalata.

Udindo wa Boma

Ngakhale kuti bungwe la Electoral College ndi la boma, boma limapereka udindo waukulu wosankha anthu ndi kugawa masankho.

Boma lililonse (limene limaphatikizapo Chigawo cha Columbia cha Electoral College) limasankha mmene angasankhire osankha ake; komabe, ayenera kuchita zimenezo mogwirizana ndi lamulo lopangidwa Tsiku la Chisankho lisanadze, ndipo pakali pano, Maboma onse amagwiritsira ntchito mavoti otchuka a chisankho cha mu November kuti asankhe chipani cha ndale zadziko chimene chimasankha anthu amene asankhidwa.

Makhoti a boma ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zosankhira anthu njira yosankha osankha, ngakhale kuti ulamuliro umenewu uli ndi malire. Makhoti anena kuti boma liyenera kulemekeza malamulo oteteza anthu ndipo siliyenera kukondera ufulu wovota. Lamulo lakuti njira yopangira chisankho chisanachitike, limaletsa kusintha malamulowo pambuyo poona zotsatira zake.

Mmene Dziko Lonse Limaonera Zinthu

Bungwe la United States la Electoral College n’lodabwitsa pakati pa mayiko a demokalase. Mayiko ambiri amasankha mutu wa boma kapena mkulu wa boma kudzera m’voti yotchuka kapena m’malamulo.

Kumvetsa Eslectoral College kumafuna kuzindikira kuti dziko la United States ndilo likulu la boma osati demokrase. Dongosololi limakhazikitsa udindo wosankha pulezidenti, kusonyeza mfundo yakuti pulezidenti akuimira anthu ndiponso maboma.

Ziŵiya Zodziŵira Nkhani Yowonjezereka

Kwa awo ofuna chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za Electoral College ndi mmene mavoti osankhidwa amaŵerengeredwa, ziŵiya zingapo zamphamvu ziripo:

National Archives and Records Administration[[FLT :1] imasunga chidziŵitso chokwanira chonena za njira ya Electoral College, kuphatikizapo zotulukapo za mbiri, zikalata za voti, ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a njira. Webusaiti yawo pa .

Commission ya Chisankho imapereka chidziŵitso chonena za lamulo la chisankho la boma, ngakhale kuti ilibe ulamuliro wolunjika pa Electoral College.

Maofesi a Boma akupereka chidziŵitso chonena za njira zachindunji za boma zosankha osankhidwa ndi ochititsa masankho a pulezidenti. Kachitidwe ka boma lililonse kangasiyane m'tsatanetsatane, kupanga chuma chapamwamba cha boma kukhala chofunika kwambiri pozindikira njira za kumaloko.

Service yofufuza ya boma imatulutsa malipoti atsatanetsatane pa Electoral College amene amapereka nkhani za mbiri yakale, kusanthula kwa lamulo, ndi malongosoledwe a njira. Malipoti ameneŵa amapezeka kupyolera mwa mawebusaiti osiyanasiyana a boma ndi malaibulale.

Kumaliza

Kuchokera pa kusankhidwa kwa osankhidwa ozikidwa pa mavoti osankhidwa ndi boma ozikidwa pa mavoti otchuka a boma, kupyolera m’msonkhano wawo m’malikulu a boma mu December, kufikira pa kuŵerengera komaliza kwa msonkhano mu January, siteji iliyonse imakwaniritsa cholinga chenicheni chotsimikizira kuti chisankho cha prezidenti chovomerezeka ndi choonekera bwino.

Kumvetsa zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale nzika yodziwa bwino zinthu.

Kaya munthu achilikiza kapena kutsutsa Electoral College, akumadziŵa mmene imagwirira ntchito . kuphatikizapo njira zachindunji zoŵerengera mavoti osankhidwa ((pakuti munthu angatengemo mbali kwambiri m'nkhani ya democracy yonena za masankho a America. Kucholoŵana kwa dongosololi kumasonyeza mkhalidwe wa boma la America ndi kulinganizika kwamphamvu pakati pa boma ndi ulamuliro wa dziko limene lakhala likudziŵika ku United States chiyambi.

Pamene anthu a ku America akupitirizabe kukangana za ubwino wa Electoral College, njira yaikulu yoŵerengera mavoti osankhidwa idakali maziko a masankho a pulezidenti, kutsimikizira kuti mphamvu imasintha mwamtendere ndiponso moyenerera mogwirizana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa.