Programu ya Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) ndi imodzi ya magwero osintha kwambiri ndi osonkhezera a boma omwe alipo kwa maboma. Otumikira ndi Dipatimenti ya za Nyumba ndi Urban Development ya United States (HID), CDBG imapatsa anthu chithandizo chosiyanasiyana pa zosowa zambiri . Kuchokera ku kumanga maziko ndi nyumba zokhoza kuchirikiza kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma ndi ntchito za boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti boma limapereka dongosolo la ndalama, ndi madipatimenti a boma amene amagwira ntchito yofunika pakati pa malamulo a dziko ndi ntchito ya dzikolo. Mabungwe ameneŵa amayang'anira kugaŵira ndalama, kuyendetsa ntchito, kukakamiza, ndi kupereka chithandizo cha za zomanga makompyuta zimene zimatsimikizira kuti CDBG dola la za boma lililonse lizigwiritsiridwe ntchito bwino. Popanda ntchito ntchito madipatimenti a madipatimenti a boma, ntchito a ntchito a boma angathandize kuti afike kumadera ambiri.

Ntchito ya Madipatimenti a Boma m’Maprogramu a CDBG

Madipatimenti a boma amagwira ntchito monga ogwirizanitsa pakati pa mabungwe a boma ndi maboma akumaloko, kutembenuza zolinga zazikulu za boma ku ntchito, ntchito ya chitaganya. Imeneyi ndi mbali zonse ziŵiri za ulamuliro ndi zadongosolo. Mabungwe a boma amayang'anira ntchito zonse zopatsa moyo(kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito ku makhoswe omalizira [1] pamene akukonzanso mmene zinthu zofunika kwambiri za boma zimasinthira ku mikhalidwe ya kumalo osiyanasiyana. M'midzi yosakhala ya anthu (okhala ndi anthu osakwana 500,000 amene salandira mwachindunji CDBG xhasa ndalama kuchokera ku Hud ), maboma ameneŵa ndiwo njira yaikulu yopezera zinthu zonse zothandizira CDBG. Magawo ameneŵa amapanga madipatimenti apakati a CDatmost kutukuka yakumayambiriro ndi ku America.

Madipatimenti a boma amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zooneka bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira maboma.

Kupereka Ndalama Zokatumikira ndi Kuyang’anira

Ntchito yaikulu ya madipatimenti a boma ndiyo kugawira ndalama za CDBG m’njira imene imawonjezera mphamvu pamene mukutsatira malangizo a boma. Alcation si kudutsa kwa ndalama zongogwiritsa ntchito madola; imafunikira kusanthula mosamalitsa za zosoŵa za anthu, zoŵerengera anthu, ndi zizindikiro zachuma. Maboma amagwiritsira ntchito mpikisano wopereka zinthu zopatsa, kugaŵira njira zoikidwiratu, ndi kuika malo apamwamba pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Zonga ngati kukonza nyumba, zomangira nyumba, kuwongolera zinthu zapamwamba, kapena kukonzanso chuma chaku

Kugawira malo kumayamba ndi Plan yoyambitsidwa ndi boma, imene imandandalika zonulirapo zazitali ndi kutchula zofunika zoyambirira zozikidwa pa mfundo za chitaganya ndi kufufuza za data. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amaperekedwa kwa Hud pazaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse ndipo amatumikira monga pulani ya zogamulira ndalama. M'makonzedwewa, imatulutsa Makalata a pachaka Opereka Ndalama ya Available (NHOP), kuitanira maboma a m'malo ndi mabungwe osafuna phindu kuti apereke maprojekiti. Komiti a kufufuza iyang'anitsitsa mayeso ogwirizana ndi mfundo ngati kulephera, chitaganya chimapindula, kulinganiza ndi zolinga za boma, ndi kukhoza kwa wofunsirayo kuyendetsa ntchitoyo bwino.

Ndalama zitaperekedwa, madipatimenti a boma amayang'anira mbali za ndalama za ndalama za ndalama za ndalama iliyonse, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa ndalama, kulinganiza, ndi kusimba. Amatsimikizira kuti ndalama zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha kaamba ka ntchito zoyenerera . Monga nyumba, malo a anthu, kapena kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma . Ndi kuti zifikire cholinga chachikulu cha programu cha kupindulitsa anthu opeza ndalama zochepa ndi opeza ndalama zokwanira. Zimenezi zimafuna kuyang'anira ndalama, kujambula kwa panthaŵi yake kwa boma, ndi kuyanjana ndi ndalama za maprojekiti. Kuyendetsa bwino ndalama kumachepetsa upandu wa kuyang'ono wa zopezedwa ndi kuthandiza anthu kukhalabe bwino kaamba ka chithandizo chamtsogolo.

Mwachitsanzo, programu ya CDBG imafuna kuti 70% ya ndalama zigwiritsiridwe ntchito yopindulitsa anthu otsika ndi okhoza bwino. Madipatimenti a boma amasungitsa zofunika zimenezi mwa kutsimikizira kuti ndalama zimene amapeza ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yofuna ndalama zisanavomereze. Amayang'aniranso ndalama zimene amapeza ndi ntchito zopangidwa ndi CDBG-functiond .

Thandizo la Zopangapanga ndi Ntchito Yomanga

Maboma ambiri, makamaka a m'madera aang'ono ndi akumidzi, alibe ukatswiri wopanga ma CDBG amphamvu, amagwirizana ndi zifuno za boma, kapena kuchita ntchito zovuta. Madipatimenti a boma amatsekera mpatawu mwa kupereka mautumiki osiyanasiyana a zopangapanga. Mautumiki ameneŵa singofunikira kuyendetsedwa komanso chipangizo chothandiza kulimbitsa ntchito zonse za kukonza chitaganya m’dziko lonselo.

Chithandizo cha zopangapanga chingakhale ndi mafomu ambiri. Ogwira ntchito a boma amapereka chitsogozo chimodzi pa kulemba chimodzi, kuthandiza ofunsira kulinganiza ntchito zawo mogwirizana ndi ntchito zoyambirira ndi zolinga za dziko. Amatsogolera malo ochitira ntchito ndi zolembalemba. Amatsogolera nkhani monga kupenda malo okhala, zofunika za nyumba zoyera, zofunika za boma zofanana (CFR Part 200), ndi miyezo ya kugula. Maboma ambiri amaphunzitsanso za kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, kuphatikizapo mmene angalinganizire njira zoŵerengera zoyenerera, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi kukonza malipo ofunika.

Kuchokera pa maphunziro, madipatimenti a boma amathandiza kumanga malo a mabungwe akwawo. Angathandize kuyambitsa malamulo a kugawanamo ndi nzika, kupanga makonzedwe a ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito, kapena kukhazikitsa njira zoyang'anira zoyendetsera. M'mayiko ena, antchito odziŵa bwino amathandizira pa ntchito ya zomangamanga panthaŵi ya ntchito, kuthandiza kupereka mavuto kwa anthu asanayambe kuvomereza. Njira imeneyi ichepetsa ntchito zofunika ndi kutsimikizira kuti maprojekiti akhalabe pandandanda ndi pa bajeti.

Nyumba zaluso zimaphatikizaponso makompyuta a ausinkhu wanu, kumene akuluakulu a boma ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana amaphunzira ndi kuchita zinthu zabwino. Madipatimenti a boma angathandize kusinthana kumeneku, kukhazikitsa misonkhano, ndi kusonkhanitsa nkhani zimene zimaonetsa kuti ntchito zachipambano zikuyenda. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito maluso ndi chidziŵitso cha antchito a m'dziko, mabungwe a boma amapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwonjezeko chimene munthu salandira chiwongola dzanja, kuwongolera ntchito zonse za kutukuka kwa chitaganya kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kuthandiza Anthu Oyamba Kumanga Thupi

Madipatimenti a boma amachita zambiri kuposa kuyang'anira ndalama ndi kulangiza . Iwo amasonkhezera kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa chitaganya mwa kulimbikitsa kugwirizana, kulimbikitsa, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ntchitozo zimapereka zotulukapo zokhoza kupitirizidwa. Chichirikizo chawo chimawonjezera ntchito zonse zopezeka, kuyambira kumanga makompyuta atsopano ndi kukonzanso njira zopimira madzi ndi kuyambitsanso zigawo za malonda m’tauni ndi kupanga mipata yokhoza kupezeka.

Mabungwe a boma amachitanso mbali yaikulu m'kugwirizanitsa ndalama zoyendetsera CDBG ndi maprogramu ena a boma ndi a boma. Mwakugwirizanitsa ndi mabungwe amene amayang'anira zoyendera, chitetezo cha malo okhala, ndalama zothandizira nyumba, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, maofesi a CDBG amathandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri popanga maprojekiti osiyanasiyana. Njira imeneyi yapamwamba imapeŵa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndipo imawonjezera mphamvu ya ndalama iliyonse ya anthu.

Kugwirizana ndi Kugwirizana

Kupita patsogolo kwa chitaganya sikumachitika kaŵirikaŵiri m’kudzipatula. Madipatimenti a boma amakulitsa mokangalika kugwirizana ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu, osungitsa ndalama, ndi mabungwe ena a boma kuti abweretse chuma chowonjezereka ndi ukatswiri ku maprojekiti a kumaloko. Magwirizano ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti athetse mavuto ovuta amene sangathetsedwe ndi malonda a boma okha.

Chitsanzo chimodzi chofala cha kugwirizana ndi chipangidwe cha malo a Chigawo cha Local Development kapena mabungwe olinganiza chigawo omwe amatumikira monga operekera chithandizo pakati pa mabungwe a boma ndi maboma akumaloko. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka chithandizo chazopangapangapanga, kuyang'anira ntchito, ndi kupereka mautumiki auyang'aniro, makamaka m'maiko kumene programu ya CDBG imayendetsedwa bwino. Imathandizanso anthu aang'ono amene alibe antchito kuti apereke mphatso mwachindunji, kuwapatsa mwayi wopindula ndi ndalama za CDBG popanda kugonjetsedwa ndi katundu wa oyang'anira.

Madipatimenti a boma amagwiranso ntchito ndi omanga nyumba osapanga phindu kuti afutukule chuma cha nyumba. Kudzera m'CHODO (Communy House Development Organization) yokhazikitsa mbali ndi mayanjano ena, boma limatsimikizira kuti mbali ya ndalama za CDBG zichirikiza njira za kumanga nyumba zokhala ndi anthu. Magulu ameneŵa amagwirizana ndi chidziŵitso cha kumaloko ndi kusinthasintha, zimene zimachititsa kuti nyumba zikhale zogwirizana ndi anthu a m’deralo zifunikire njira zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa njira zamakono.

Mabungwe a boma amathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso ziyende bwino. Mwachitsanzo, madipatimenti a boma angagwirizane ndi zipinda za malonda, makampani opititsa patsogolo chuma, kapena mabungwe othandiza kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za m'mabizinesi.

Programme ya Boma pa HUD Exchange imapereka tsatanetsatane wowonjezereka pa njira zogwirizana zimenezi ndi mmene maboma angawonjezerere zinthu kupyolera mwa kugwirizana.

Kufufuza ndi Kuthandiza

Kutsimikizira kuonekera, kuŵerengera, ndi kugonjera ku malamulo a boma kuli maziko a mathayo a dipatimenti ya boma. Popanda uyang'aniro wokhwima, ndalama za CDBG zikhoza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’njira zimene sizikukwaniritsa zolinga za programu kapena kuswa malamulo a boma. Madipatimenti a boma achita kuyang'anira kopitirizabe kwa olemba awo aang'ono ndi opereka kutsimikizira kuti ndalama zikugwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha kaamba ka ntchito zoyenerera, kuti kupenda malo okhala ndi malo akuwalondola, ndipo kuti miyezo ya ntchito yofunikira kusimba njabwino ndi yanthaŵi.

Kuyang'anira malo osiyanasiyana. Maboma amachititsa madesiki a mamalipoti a zandalama ndi ntchito operekedwa ndi operekedwa ndi olandira, kufunafuna masinthidwe kapena mbendera zofiira. Amachitanso maulendo oyendera, omwe amachitika chaka ndi chaka kapena pa zochitika zazikulu pa njinga ya ntchito. Maulendo ameneŵa amapereka mpata woyang'anira ntchito zoperekedwa, kukumana ndi antchito, kupenda zolamulira zamkati, ndi kupereka malangizo a m’kati, ndi kuyang'anira pepala lopendedwa, ndipo opereka malamulowo amafunidwa kuchitapo kanthu pofunikira. Madesikito ameneŵa amaperekedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti aperekedwe ndipo angapereke zilo monga ngati ndi ndalama zosungidwa kapena kuimitsa zinthu zina zopereka.

Mayeso ndi mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo lotsatira. Mayiko ayenera kukonza zopimira pachaka za programu yawo ya CDBG mogwirizana ndi Chikalata cha Okhatokha (CFR Part 200, Sub parte F). Mayeso ameneŵa akufufuza mfundo za ndalama ndi zolamulira zamkati, ndipo zonse zimene zapezedwa ziyenera kulembedwa. Madipatimenti a Boma amasonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza malipoti ndi ndalama ku HUD, pomalizira pake kutsimikizira kuti boma lingalondole chiyambukiro cha ku Kayendedwe a CDBG pa mlingo wa dziko lonse.

Kuthandiza anthu omvera, madipatimenti a boma amapanga zikalata zotsogolera, mandandanda, ndi masinthidwe amene amafeŵetsa malamulo ovuta. Amaphunzitsanso nkhani zimene zikubuka, monga kusintha kwa malangizo a pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yachiwiri kapena nyumba zatsopano zokongola. Mwa kukonzekeretsa anthu amene akufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi chidziŵitso, madipatimenti a boma amawathandiza kupeŵa mbuna zosiyanasiyana ndi kusunga mbiri yabwino ya kugonjera.

Zotsatirapo ndi Zolinga Zake

Madipatimenti a boma akusumika maganizo kwambiri poyeza ndi kusonyeza zotsatira za ntchito zokonzedwa ndi CDBG . Pamene kuli kwakuti programuyo yagogomezera za mbiri yakale kugonjera ndi ntchito, maulamuliro a ntchito amakono amafuna kugwirizanitsa kuyendetsa ndalama ndi kuwongolera kooneka kwa chitaganya. Kusintha kumeneku kumasonkhezeredwa ndi zifuno za boma pansi pa lamulo la Boma la Chidziŵitso ndi Zotsatira (GPRA) ndi kugogomezera pa kusimba kokhala ndi zotsatirapo m'masulidwe a Hid Disbursement ndi system (IDIS).

Masitepe ofala amaphatikizapo chiŵerengero cha ntchito zopangidwa kapena zosungidwa, chiŵerengero cha mabanja othandizidwa ndi nyumba zokhoza kukwera, mizere ya madzi kapena steam steam yomangidwa, ndi chiŵerengero cha malo osungiramo anthu omangidwa kapena okonzedwa bwino. Komabe, njira zotsatirapo zikupita patsogolo mwachitsanzo, kuŵerengera kutsika kwa ndalama zolipilira nyumba kwa mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa, kuwongolera mayendedwe a madzi pambuyo pa kukwera kwa malo owonjezera, kapena kukwera kwa msonkho wa kumaloko chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa malonda.

Madipatimenti a boma amathandiza anthu amene apatsidwa ntchito yeniyeni, kusonkhanitsa mfundo zodalirika, ndi kufalitsa nkhani zogwirizana. Amatumizanso nkhani kumadera osiyanasiyana kuti afotokoze mmene ndalama zoyendetsera CDBG zimakhudzira ntchito.

Maboma ambiri apanga malipoti osonyeza CDBG amene apambana. Ziŵiya zimenezi zimawonjezera kuonekera kwa khungu ndi kusonyeza kuŵerengera mlandu, pamene zikugaŵiranso pulatifomu yogawira nkhani za chipambano. Mwachitsanzo, boma lingafalitse lipoti lapachaka limene limaonetsa tauni yaing'ono yomwe inagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za CDBG kulowa mmalo mwa njira yamadzi yolephera, kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu ndi kukopa bizinesi yatsopano. Nkhani zimenezi ndi zamphamvu kwambiri pothandiza kufalitsa nkhani za wailesi ya boma imene imagogomezera kufunika kwa ntchito ya chigawo.

Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za kupima maluso mu CDBG, HUD CDBG Transformation meeting CD imapereka chitsogozo ndi zothandizira za maboma ndi opereka.

Mavuto ndi Mwayi Woyang’anira Boma

Ngakhale kuti madipatimenti a boma amagwira ntchito yovuta, iwo amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu. Kuchepa kwa antchito ndi bajeti kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsendereza mlingo wa chithandizo cha makina ndi kuyang'anira zimene zingaperekedwe, makamaka m'mayiko okhala ndi malo aakulu ndi anthu ambiri. Kucholoŵana kwa malamulo a boma kungakhalenso chothodwetsa, kufunikira kupitiriza kuphunzitsidwa kwa antchito a boma ndi opereka mphatso mofanana. Ndiponso, kufunika kwa kuyankha nkhani zimene zikubuka monga masoka achilengedwe, kutsika kwa chuma, kapena mavuto aumoyo wa anthu ambiri.

Vuto lina ndilo kutsimikizira kuti pali kulingana kwa ndalama za CDBG m'madera osiyanasiyana. Madipatimenti a boma ayenera kukhala osamala kuti afikire anthu osaukiridwa, kuphatikizapo madera akumidzi, zigawo za mafuko, ndi malo okhala ndi anthu osauka kwambiri kapena anthu ochepa. Zimenezi zimafuna kuloŵerera, kugwirizana ndi mabungwe ogwirizana ndi anthu, ndi njira zogwirizana zimene zimachepetsa zopinga za maboma ang'onoang’ono ndi osachokera ku mayiko ena.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, pali mipata yaikulu ya madipatimenti a boma yowonjezera mphamvu zawo. Njira zatsopano zoyendera zamakono, monga njira zoperekera zinthu zoyendetsera ndi thambo ndi zipangizo zothandizira kudziŵa zinthu, zingawongolere kuonekera kwa zinthu, ndi kuwonjezera nthaŵi ya antchito kuti achite ntchito zina zapadera. Kulimbikitsa kwambiri za kulimba kwa nyengo ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu kumatsegulanso njira zatsopano za ntchito zopanga, monga zobiriwira, nyumba zotchipa, ndi kulinganiza kwatsoka. Makampani a boma angatsogolere njira kukonza zinthu zofunika zimenezi m'makonzedwe awo ogwirizana ndi kukonza zinthu.

Kuphatikizanso apo, chikhoterero cha kupanga njira zodalira umboni chimapangitsa maulamuliro kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso ovuta ndi kugawana njira zabwino koposa m'dzikolo. Mwa kutenga nawo mbali m'madongosolo a ausinkhu wanu ndi maprogramu a zaluso a boma, madipatimenti a boma angamangire chipambano cha wina ndi kupeŵa zolakwa mobwerezabwereza. National Association of Coualies (NACO) imapereka zipangizo za boma za CDBG zimene zimagogomezera machita ndi kuyambitsa zikhoterezo.

Kumaliza

Madipatimenti a boma ndiwo omanga achipambano a programu ya Community Development Block Grant pamalo a chigawo. Amatembenuza lamulo la boma kukhala ntchito yothandiza, kutsimikizira kuti ndalama zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru ndi mwalamulo, ndi kupereka chitsogozo cha anthu amene afunikira kukonza bwino mtsogolo. Mwakulinganiza kugawidwa kwa madola mamiliyoni ambiri m'kupikisana wopereka mphatso zophunzitsa alendi ang'ono a m'kauni pa njira zopendera malo okhala, madipatimenti a boma amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo la CDBG. Ntchito yawo kaŵirikaŵiri imasaoneka kwa anthu, koma mphamvu yake imaonekera m'mizere yatsopano, nyumba zokongola, ndi mabizinesi aang'ono amene amakula bwino chifukwa cha kutukuka kwa anthu.

Pamene zosoŵa za anthu zikusintha ndi chuma cha boma zikuyang'anizana ndi chitsenderezo chosalekeza, mbali ya madipatimenti a boma idzakhala yofunika kwambiri. Kupitiriza kusungitsa ndalama za boma mwa kukhala ndi antchito okwanira, kuphunzitsidwa, ndi luso la zopangapanga () kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti asungebe umphumphu ndi kugwira ntchito ya CDBG. Kwa akuluakulu a boma ndi atsogoleri a m’chitaganya, kuzindikira ndi kuchirikiza ntchito ya madipatimenti a boma ndiko njira yotsegulira mphamvu yokwanira ya kukonza malonda a boma osintha.