Kumvetsa Malamulo a Tsankho la Nyengo: Maziko a Ntchito Zabwino

Malamulo a tsankho la amisinkhu imapanga malamulo ovuta kwambiri amene amateteza anthu ku kuchitiridwa mosayenera malinga ndi msinkhu wawo pantchito. Malamulo amenewa, amene anakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko ambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, amaletsa olemba ntchito kupanga zosankha zokhudza ntchito, kupha, kukweza, kubwezera, ndi zina zofunikira za ntchito chifukwa cha msinkhu wa munthu. Chitsanzo chotchuka kwambiri ku United States ndi Age Discrimination in Scrimial Act (AAAA) ya 1967, imene imateteza antchito a zaka 40 ndi achikulire. Malamulo ofanana ndi ameneŵa alipo mu European Union pansi pa Wotchiexafe, mu United Kingdom kudzera pa Act 2010, ndi m'mayiko onga Canada, Australia, ndi Japan.

Malamulo a tsankho a msinkhu wina amaposa pa tsankho lachindunji, pamene bwana sasamala munthu wina chifukwa cha msinkhu wake . Kuphatikizapo tsankho lachindunji, kuvutitsa, ndi kuvutitsa. Kusankhana kosalunjika kumakhalapo pamene lamulo kapena kuchita zinthu mosayenerera kupangitsa anthu a msinkhu winawake kukhala ndi zikalata zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kufuna kuti ofunsira onse akhale ndi zaka zapadera za chidziŵitso kungachititse antchito achichepere, pamene kuli kwakuti kuvomereza maphunziro aposachedwapa kukanalepheretsa okalamba. Malamulo ameneŵa amafunanso kuti antchito awo apange malo ogonako antchito okalamba, monga kupereka ntchito kapena kulinganiza kosinthasinthasintha, koma ngati kuchita tero kungadzetse mavuto opambanitsa.

Kukakamiza kumachitika mosiyanasiyana koma kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo mabungwe a boma monga ngati bungwe la U.S. Aumedial Obbectory Opportunity Commission (EOC) kapena bungwe la U.K. Kulingana ndi Kulingana ndi Ufulu Wachibadwidwe. Anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti asankhidwa amadandaula m'mafaelo, zimene zingawachititse kufufuza, kutumiza, kapena kubwezera. Ma Remedia angaphatikizepo malipiro, kubwezera zowonongeka, ndi kubwezera ziwonongeko pa milandu ya kusamvera lamulo kwadala. Kukhalapo kwa njira zimenezi nkofunika chifukwa chakuti amapatsa mano lamulo ndi kuletsa olemba ntchito kuti asatenge mbali m'zaka zogwirizana.

Nkofunikanso kuzindikira kuti malamulo aukalamba asintha kuti athetse zinthu zamakono pantchito. Mwachitsanzo, ADEA inasinthidwa ndi bungwe la Elder Works Benefit Protection Act ya 1990, limene linafotokoza kuti antchito sangachitire tsankhu pa msinkhu wawo. Makhoti alimbana ndi malamulo aukalamba oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zothandizira anthu kupeza anthu olemba ntchito komanso njira zogwiritsa ntchito anthu akale. EEOC anapereka malangizo okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ndandanda ndi AIAIA, kugogomezera kuti olemba ntchito adakali oyenerera kulandira zigamu za milandu ya upandu ngakhale pogwiritsira ntchito kompyuta yachitatu.

Kumvetsa bwino kusiyana kwa malamulo amenewa n’kofunika kwambiri kwa antchito ndi olemba ntchito omwe. Kwa antchito, kudziwa ufulu wawo kumawathandiza kutsutsa kuchitiridwa molakwika ndi kulondola mwayi wa ntchito popanda mantha. Kwa olemba ntchito, kugonjera kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa lamulo komanso kumayambitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu onse komanso chatsopano pantchito. Kusankhana kwa anthu amisinkhu sikusintha; kumapitiriza kusintha pamene anthu ayamba ntchito ndiponso pamene mitundu yatsopano ya tsankho iyamba.

Zitetezero Zofunika Zoperekedwa ndi Malamulo a Chiweruzo cha Amisinkhu Yakale

Malamulo a tsankho la msinkhu amapereka chitetezo chochuluka chimene chimakhudza pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya ntchito yolembedwa. Malamulo ameneŵa anapangidwa kutsimikizira kuti ukalamba suli chopinga mwaŵi, kupita patsogolo, kapena kuchitiridwa moyenera.

  • Kuchinjiriza machitachita a kulembedwa kosayenera: Olemba ntchito sangakane kulemba munthu wina chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, ndipo sangaike malire a msinkhu kapena zokonda m'zotsatsa ntchito pokhapo ngati zaka zakhala zofunikira pantchito. Mwachitsanzo, mbali yofuna mphamvu yathupi imene imachepa ndi msinkhu ingalungamitse chiletso cha msinkhu, koma kusiyana koteroko kumavomerezedwa mochepera.
  • Kutetezeredwa ku kuchotsedwa kosalungama kapena kutha kwake: Zosankha ponena za kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu, kuchotsedwa, ndi kutha kwa munthu aliyense payekha ziyenera kuzikidwa pa miyezo yovomerezeka, yopanda tsankho yonga ngati kuchita, maluso, kapena zaka zapamwamba. Olemba ntchito amene amagwirira ntchito achikulire panthaŵi yokonzanso milandu yowononga ndalama ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbiri.
  • Mipata ya kuphunzitsa ndi kukula kwa msinkhu: malamulo a msinkhu amafuna kuti kukhoza kulangiza maprogramu, kulangiza, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwaukatswiri kuperekedwe popanda msinkhu. Izi nzofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito zisinthe ndi kuphunzira kwa moyo wonse, popeza kuti antchito achikulire afunikira kuwonjezera maluso awo kuti akhalebe opikisana.
  • Kuchinjiriza kuvutitsidwa kozikidwa pa msinkhu: Kuvutitsidwa kumaphatikizapo nthabwala zonyansa, kutukwana, kapena ndemanga ponena za msinkhu wa munthu, limodzinso ndi khalidwe limene limayambitsa malo antchito oipa. Olemba ntchito ali ndi ntchito yoletsa ndi kuwongolera khalidwe lotero mwamsanga.
  • Machiritso a kanema ndi mapindu: Olemba ntchito a''''''''''''''a' sangalipire antchito okalamba ocheperapo pa antchito achichepere pa ntchito imodzimodziyo, ndipo sangachepetse mapindu ozikidwa pa msinkhu. The Elder Works Benefit Protection Act imaletsa mwachindunji tsankho la amisinkhu popindulitsa mapulani a antchito.
  • Chitetezero cha kubwezera: N’kulakwa kuti bwana abwezere antchito chifukwa cha tsankho la msinkhu wosiyana, kulembetsa mlandu, kapena kutengamo mbali m'kufufuza kapena kupitiriza. Chitetezero chimenechi chimalimbikitsa anthu kupita kutsogolo popanda kuopa kubwezera.

Zimathandizanso kuti anthu a zaka zosiyanasiyana asamavutike kugwira ntchito mokondera.

Mmene Malamulo a Tsankho Achirikizira Ntchito Zosintha Anthu Ausinkhu Wake

Kusintha ntchito kwa kampani . Kaya kukhale kwaufulu kapena kodzifunira, n’kofala kwambiri m'zachuma chamakono. Anthu amasintha ntchito, amasintha mafakitale, amayambitsa mabizinesi, kapena amayambanso ntchito pambuyo poleka ntchito chifukwa cha kukula kwa munthu ndi kusoŵa kwa chuma. Malamulo aukalamba amathandiza kuchirikiza kusintha kumeneku mwa kuchotsa mantha a msinkhu amene mwina angaletse antchito okalamba kuchita zinthu molimba mtima.

Kupatsa Mphamvu Anthu Okalamba ndi Ogwira Ntchito Aakazi Omwe Ankagwira Pansi pa Pivot

Kwa katswiri wapakati pa wosamalira amene watha zaka 20 mu indasitale imodzi, kusintha kukakhala ku munda watsopano kungaopsezeke. Popanda chitetezo chalamulo, ngozi ya kukanidwa kaamba ka ntchito chifukwa chakuti bwana wa ntchito amawona kuti "wopambana," "aakulu kuphunzira," kapena "osayenerera kwa chikhalidwe" nchapamwamba. Malamulo a ukalamba amapanga tsankho lotero kukhala loletsedwa, kupatsa antchito chidaliro cha kulondola mwaŵi watsopano. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wa zaka 55 amene akufuna kukhala katswiri wa maphunziro a maphunziro angazilembe m'maprogramuzi ndi kugwirira ntchito zaudindo aang'ono, podziŵa kuti olemba ntchito sangawapenye mololedwa ndi lamulo chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo.

Zitetezero zalamulo zimapitanso kwa antchito amene amasalidwa pa nthaŵi ya kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngati wofunsira wachikulire afunsidwa mafunso a misinkhu [1] monga "Kodi mumamva bwanji pogwira ntchito bwana wamng'ono? kapena "Kodi simukuyandikira kupuma pantchito?" ali ndi zifukwa zodandaulira. Olemba ntchito oyenera kuŵerengera mlandu ayese kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito zoyenera, monga ngati kuyang'ana luso ndi luso la munthu wamng'ono.

Kuchepetsa Mantha a Ukalamba Odziŵika m’Kuimba ndi Kuchirikiza

Chimodzi cha zopinga zazikulu kwambiri za kusintha kwa ntchito ndicho kuopa ukalamba wokhudzana ndi ntchito. Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti okalamba ofunsira ntchito amayang'anizana ndi ulova wautali ndi ziŵerengero zotsika za kubwerera kwawo poyerekezera ndi achichepere amene ali ndi ziyeneretso zofanana. Kufufuza kwa 2020 kwa National Bureau of Economic Research kunapeza kuti ziŵerengero zobwerera ku okalamba zinali zotsika pafupifupi 30% poyerekezera ndi achinyamata ofunsira ntchito m'maindasitale ambiri. Malamulo a nyengo amathandiza kuletsa zimenezi mwa kupereka njira yalamulo ya obwezeretsa anthu ndi olemba ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito ntchito njira zopeputsa chidziŵitso chomveka cha msinkhu.

Anthu achikulire amene akufuna kusamukira kumadera ena m’gulu lawo amatetezedwa kuti asapatsidwe ntchito kwa achinyamata anzawo popanda zifukwa zomveka zowasiyira ntchito.

Kuchirikiza Kukhazikika kwa Chuma kwa Antchito Okalamba

Kusintha ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo mavuto a zachuma, monga ngati kulandira malipiro, kulipira maphunziro, kapena kusamuka. Malamulo aukalamba amathandiza kuchepetsa ngozi zimenezi mwa kutsimikizira kuti antchito okalamba sayambukiridwa ndi ntchito zosalongosoka panthaŵi ya kusintha kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wantchito wachikulire wachotsedwa ntchito panthaŵi ya kukonzanso ndipo kenaka afuna ntchito yatsopano, lamulo limamtetezera kuti asasunthidwe. Kukhazikika kumeneku nkofunika kuti asunthe ndalama zosungidwa ndi kuletsa umphaŵi m’moyo wawo. AARP akusimba kuti pafupifupi mmodzi mwa antchito anayi a zaka 45 kapena kuposerapo akumana ndi mtundu wina wa kusankhidwanso kwa msinkhu, ndipo amene amayang'anizana ndi mavuto a zachuma.

Mwa kuchepetsa zizoloŵezi za tsankho, malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza anthu okalamba kusataya ntchito ndi kupitirizabe kupeza ndalama, zimenenso zimachirikiza chuma chokulirapo.

Kuphunzira kwa Moyo Wonse ndi Malamulo a Ukalamba: Kuchotsa Zopinga pa Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro

Kuphunzira moyo wonse . Kupitirizabe kuphunzira ndi maluso kwakhala maziko a ntchito zamakono. Kusintha kwa zaumoyo, kudalirana kwa mayiko, ndi chuma kumafuna kuti anthu azisinthasintha. Malamulo aukalamba amathandiza kuti anthu aphunzire moyo wawo wonse mwa kuchotsa malamulo ndi zopinga zimene zingaletse achikulire kuti asaphunzire kapena kuphunzira.

Kulimbikitsa Anthu Kupita Patsogolo

Pamene antchito okalamba adziŵa kuti msinkhu wawo sungathe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwalamulo monga chifukwa chowakanizira kupeza maprogramu ophunzitsa, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi ndi ndalama kupha. Olemba ntchito amapindulanso: antchito amene amaloŵetsamo maphunziro a moyo wonse ali atsopano, osinthasintha, ndi othandiza. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wachikulire angalondole zikalata za kulembedwa m’maseŵera a m’mapwando kapena m’makompyuta, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi zaka makumi ambiri za kutetezeredwa kwa madongosolo a zamwambo. Popanda kuyang’anizana ndi zaka, angawopeputse ndalamazo, popeza kuti azaka zawo zikhoza kuchitiridwa ntchito zatsopano.

Mabungwe a maphunziro alinso ndi malamulo amene amaletsa tsankho la amisinkhu, limene limathandizira kutetezeredwa pantchito. Ophunzira achikulire akulembetsa kwambiri mapulogalamu a madigiri, maphunziro a ntchito, ndi masukulu a pa Intaneti. Malinga ndi National Center for Education Statistics, chiŵerengero cha ophunzira a zaka 35 ndi achikulire ku United States chikuposa 6 miliyoni mu 2021, chikhoterero chochirikizidwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo oletsa ntchito zaudindo ndi malamulo oletsa maphunziro a anthu achikulire.

Kupanga Malo Ophunzirira

Malamulo a misinkhu yosankhana amatsimikizira kuti kuphunzira kuli njira ya moyo wonse, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu. Amatsutsa lingaliro lakuti achikulire satha kuphunzira maluso atsopano kapena kuti ali "okhazikika m’njira zawo" kuti apindule ndi maphunziro. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumeneku nkofunika kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zonse kumene antchito amisinkhu yonse amalemekezedwa ndi kuŵerengeredwa. Pamene makampani aphunzitsa mwaubwenzi mapulogalamu ambiri (pansi, mwa munthu mmodzi), kuzoloŵera kuphunzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero chimodzi, kupangitsa malo amene maphunziro a moyo akuyenda bwino.

Zitsanzo za machitidwe ameneŵa ndizo maprogramu aulangizi amene aŵiri achikulire ndi achichepere ogwira ntchito limodzi pamaphunziro, malamulo a zaumoyo amene alibe zipilala za msinkhu, ndi maprogramu a ntchito olola antchito kuwona ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuyesayesa kumeneku, kochirikizidwa ndi zitetezero zalamulo, kumathandiza kuthetsa kudalirana kwa ukalamba ndi kukulitsa kugwirizana pakati pa anthu.

Kuchirikiza Kukhazikika Kwachuma Kupyolera mwa Ntchito Yokangalika, Yaluso

Maphunziro a moyo wotalikirapo otheketsedwa ndi malamulo aukalamba ali ndi mapindu aakulu a zachuma. Ogwira ntchito okalamba amene akupitiriza kuphunzira ndi kusintha amathandiza kuyang'anira kupereŵera kwa ntchito, makamaka m'mbali zoyang'anizana ndi mavuto a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, m'ntchito zaumoyo, manesi ndi akatswiri ambiri odziŵa ntchito akuwonjezera ntchito zawo mwa kuphunzira maluso atsopano ndi malamulo, kuletsa malo ovuta opangira. Mofananamo, popanga, antchito achikulire ophunzitsidwa m'kuyendetsa galimoto angathandize makampani kupitirizabe kupikisana.

Ndiponso, kuphunzira kwa moyo wonse kumachepetsa upandu wa ulova kwa nthaŵi yaitali pakati pa antchito okalamba. Pamene anthu achotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutha kwa ntchito kapena maindasitale, awo amene asunga maluso awo mwa kuphunzira kopitirizabe amakhala opirira kwambiri. Malamulo a nyengo yosasankhana amatsimikizira kuti anthu ameneŵa sakutsekedwa pamsika wantchito chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, kuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa chuma.

Ziyambukiro za Chikhalidwe cha Anthu za Malamulo a Tsankho Azaka Zathu

Malamulo amenewa amakhudza anthu ambiri osati chabe anthu amene amagwira ntchito, malamulo a chikhalidwe chawo, malamulo a anthu ndiponso anthu amene amathandiza kuti anthu azigwirizana.

  • Kukonza malo opangika kwa ophunzira a misinkhu yonse: mwa kukhazikitsa mwalamulo mwayi wophunzitsa ndi kuphunzira, malamulo aukalamba amathandiza kukonza lingaliro lakuti kuphunzira sikumaleka pambuyo pa unyamata. Zimenezi zimalimbikitsa anthu akuluakulu ophunzitsa, makoleji, ndi mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti kukonza mapulogalamu amene amasangalatsa ophunzira achikulire, kuyambitsa chikhalidwe cha maphunziro a moyo wonse.
  • Kuchepetsa ukalamba ndi malingaliro ogwirizana ndi tsankhu: ziletso zalamulo zoletsa tsankhu la msinkhu zimatumiza uthenga wamphamvu wakuti tsankho la msinkhu nlosavomerezeka. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, zimenezi zingasinthe kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi kuchepetsa zikhulupiriro monga chikhulupiriro chakuti anthu okalamba satha kuchita zambiri, satha kulenga zinthu, kapena satha kusintha. Kufufuza kwa World Economic Forum kumapereka lingaliro lakuti pamene kusiyana kwa msinkhu kwaonedwa kukhala kwaphindu, magulu angapindule ndi malingaliro ambiri ndi kupanga zosankha zabwino.
  • Kuchirikiza kulimba kwa chuma: chitaganya chimene chimatheketsa antchito okalamba kukhala okangalika ndi opindulitsa chimathandiza kuchepetsa zitsenderezo za kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba. Mwa kuletsa achikulire kupuma pantchito asanakwane ndi kulimbikitsa achikulire kukhalabe pantchito, kukondera kwa azaka zimathandiza kusungitsa msonkho, kuchepetsa kudalirana pa makoka a chitetezo cha anthu, ndi kuchirikiza kukwera kwa chuma.
  • Kugwirizanitsa mgwirizano wa mbadwo: Pamene anthu amisinkhu yonse agwira ntchito ndi kuphunzira pamodzi, kumachirikiza kumvetsetsana ndi kulemekezana. Malamulo a nyengo yosankhana salimbikitsa kugaŵanitsa anthu ndi msinkhu ndipo amalimbikitsa ntchito zimene zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku mavuto othetsa ndi kuchepetsa mikangano ya ukalamba.
  • Kukhalapo kwa malamulo a tsankho kwa zaka kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonkhezera kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo, monga ngati njira zopuma pantchito zopitira kuntchito, ndi mapangano a ntchito a moyo wonse. Mayiko onga Finland ndi Singapore agwiritsira ntchito "kupha" maprogramu amene amapereka kwa antchito okalamba maphunziro otsatirika, kumanga maziko a chitetezo cha kuletsa kupuma.

Anthu ambiri akamachitiridwa zinthu zowachititsa manyazi pa moyo wawo, kukalamba, ndiponso chifukwa cha zimene aona, anthu ambiri amaona kuti ndi bwino kuchita zinthuzo, ndipo achinyamata amaona kuti akhoza kukwanitsa kuchita zinthu zina.

Zochitika Zaposachedwapa ndi Zizoloŵezi Zabwino Koposa Zothandiza

Chiweruzo cha nyengo si chapadera. Zochitika zaposachedwapa zawonjezera chitetezo ndi kuwongolera mathayo a wolemba ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Khoti Lalikulu la U.S. 2021 lagamulidwa Bab v. Wilkie [1] [1] anatsimikizira kuti antchito a boma angasunge ku tsankho la misinkhu yawo ngakhale ngati anali chabe "kutenga mbali ya chinthu choipa, mmalo mwa chochititsa chimodzi chokha. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mtolo wa umboni wa maposttiff ndi kuwonjezera kuŵerengera kwa bwana. Kuwonjezera apo, EEOC yapereka malangizo atsopano pa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa luntha pogwira ntchito, anachenjeza kuti madongosolo a galimoto angakhale ndi chiyambukiro cholakwika pa antchito achikulire ngati sanapangidwe bwino.

Olemba ntchito amene amafuna kutsatira malamulo aukalamba oletsa kusankhana ndi kuyambitsa ntchito yokhudza anthu okalamba angatenge njira zotsatirazi:

  • Kupendanso ntchito ndi ziyeneretso zotsimikizira kuti nzofunikadi pambali ya ntchitoyo ndipo sizimachotsapo antchito okalamba mopambanitsa.
  • Kupitirizanso kosadziŵika kumene kumachotsa chidziŵitso chodziŵitsa msinkhu chonga masiku omaliza maphunziro kapena zaka za kumaliza maphunziro.
  • M’malo mwake, anthu olemba ntchito ndi amene amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azingochita zinthu mosaganizira za ena ndiponso kuti azitsatira malamulo a anthu osasankhana.
  • Perekani makonzedwe a ntchito osinthasintha, monga ngati maola a maola apadera, ntchito yakutali, kapena kugawana ntchito, kusamalira antchito okhala ndi chisamaliro kapena zosoŵa za thanzi.
  • Muziphunzitsa antchito onse mosadukizana, ndiponso muzionetsetsa kuti akulankhula nawo pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
  • Perekani magulu a antchito olemba ndalama kuti antchito okalamba anenepo nkhaŵa zawo ndi kupempha kuti awongolere.
  • Nthaŵi zonse pendani malipiro ndi chidziŵitso cha kukwezedwa kuti mudziŵe njira zoyambira msinkhu.

Mwa kutsatira njira zimenezi, olemba ntchito amachepetsa upandu walamulo komanso amasankha kukopa ndi kukhala ndi luso lapamwamba kwa mibadwo.

Kumaliza: Mbali Yofunika ya Malamulo a Tsankho la Nyengo m’Masinthidwe a Ntchito ndi Kuphunzira Moyo Wonse

Malamulo a tsankho la zaka si malamulo chabe; ndi othandiza kwambiri popanga anthu abwino, amphamvu, ndiponso otukuka.

Kwa anthu, kuzindikira chitetezo chimenechi kuli sitepe loyamba la kugwiritsira ntchito mwaŵi umene amapereka. Kwa owalemba ntchito, kumvera sikuli kokha kupeŵera milandu . Nkulimbikitsa mwambo wa ulemu ndi kuphatikizidwa kumene kumatsegula kuthekera kwa antchito a m'mibadwo yambiri. Pamene moyo ukuyembekezera kukwera ndi kupuma pantchito, kufunika kwa malamulo a tsankho a ukalamba pochirikiza kulolera ntchito ndi kuphunzira kopitirizabe kudzakula. Malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti palibe munthu amene watsala ndi kuti, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wake, angathandizire mopindulitsa ku madera awo ndi chuma chawo.

Kufufuza kowonjezereka, oŵerenga angafufuze zolembedwa kuchokera ku [[FLT: 0] U.S. Ofesi Yolinganiza Ntchito Yopereka Undunjiko , AARP'S ADHHB [, [[FLT:] Commission [[FLT]] [[FLT]], Conciation , Conciation , and Arbitation Serviation (ACIS) ya UK ], ndi [[FLT:] Australian Rights Rights Commation [. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka chitsogozo chothandiza pa zoyenera, mathayo, , ndi maluso a zaka za kutsutsana kwa ntchito.