Chiyambi: Ntchito Yomanga ya Dziko ya Ziyeneretso za Voter

Malamulo ozindikiritsa ali pakati pa malamulo otsutsana kwambiri a chisankho mu United States. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo lakutsimikizira chivoti limavomerezedwa mofala, mfundo za zimene zimapanga chizindikiritso chovomerezeka zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku boma ndi boma. Kulinganiza kumeneku kumapanga malo ovuta kwa ovota, oyang'anira masankho, ndi opanga malamulo. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi nzika zotomera, kuzindikira kusintha kumeneku nkofunika kuti asinthe kachitidwe ka kusankhidwa ndi kupenda mphamvu ya demokrase.

Malamulo a Voter ambiri amaloŵa m'gulu limodzi la magulu angapo: ID yokhwima, ID yopanda chigawo chimodzi, ID yosagwirizana ndi ID, ndi yosafunikira. Digiri ya kuumitsa imasankha ngati wovota angaponya pepala popanda kutchulidwa ndipo, ngati sangathe, masitepe ena omwe alipo. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupendedwa kowonjezereka kwa mmene malamulo ameneŵa amasiyanirana m'dziko, kumbuyo kwawo, ziyambukiro zawo zowoneka pa voti, ndi nkhondo zalamulo zimene zikupitirizabe kuwapanga.

Kumvetsa Chithunzi cha Malamulo a Zida za Nkhokwe

Maboma atengera mzera waukulu wa ziyeneretso za ID, kusonyeza malingaliro osiyana pa kulinganiza chisungiko cha chisankho ndi chisankho. Malinga ndi Conference of State Legislatures , malamulo a chivoti angaswedwe m’magulu anayi aakulu.

Malamulo Okhwima a Chithunzi

M’mawu a malamulo okhwima a ID ya mavoti, ovota ayenera kupereka chisonyezero cha chithunzi cha boma pamalo opatulira. Ngati alibe ID yotero, angaperekedwe kukhala woyang'anira, koma kuti wovotayo adzaŵerengedwa kokha ngati pambuyo pake apereka ID yofunikira kusankhira akuluakulu a boma m'zene. Zitsanzo za ma ID ovomerezedwa zimaphatikizapo laisensi ya woyendetsa galimoto, khadi la boma-iscult, U.S pasport, kapena ID ya asilikali. Voters popanda izi ziyang'anizo zapadera. Malamulo onga [FLT:] .

Malamulo a Zithunzi Osati Ogwirizana

Malamulo a ID a m'dzikolo afunanso ID ya chithunzi, koma aperekeni zolowa mmalo kwa osankha amene alibe chimodzi. Njira zimenezi zingaphatikizepo kusaina affidavit yochitira umboni za munthu, wokhala ndi wofufuza wotsimikizira wovota, kapena kuponya pepala la mavoti amene amaŵerengedwa popanda kutsimikizira kowonjezereka. FLORIDA , , Mantana , ndi Cobado] . [FLT:] Amagwira ntchito pansi pa makompyuta osayenerera a zithunzi, akulola kuti adzipereke popanda madroboti otsatira a mapulogalamu otsa.

Malamulo Osakhala Ojambula Zithunzi

Malamulo a ID osakhala kwenikweni amafuna ovota kusonyeza chikalata chodziŵikitsa chimene chimaphatikizapo dzina lawo ndi madiresi, koma sichifunikira kukhala ndi chithunzi. Mafomu ovomerezeka angaphatikizepo ndalama ya magetsi, chikalata cha banki, check, kapena chikalata cha boma. Ngati wovota satha kupereka limodzi, iwo angaike pepala la mapepala limene lidzaŵerengedwa kokha ngati adzabwerera ndi mapepala oyenera pambuyo pake. Maboma onga ngati [[FLT:] Virnia ndi Misso

Malamulo Osakhala Akalekale

Pansi pa malamulo a ziŵiya zosakhala za chigawo, ovota ayenera kusonyeza mtundu wina wa chizindikiritso (opanda chiyeneretso cha chithunzi), koma awo opanda ID angavote mwa kusaina affidavit kapena mwa kuchititsa wofufuza kutsimikizira chizindikiritso chawo. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo Alaska ndi ] Louisiana [1], kumene wovota angapereke zolembedwa zosiyanasiyana kapena kungopereka chidziŵitso chaumwini chotsimikizira kulembetsa kwawo.

Dziko Lopanda Chiyeneretso cha Zopanga

M’mawu angapo, ovota safunikira kusonyeza mtundu uliwonse wa chizindikiritso pa mapendedwe. Mmalomwake, iwo amangopereka dzina lawo ndi maadiresi, zimene zafufuzidwa motsutsana ndi ndandanda ya ovota. Izi zimaika chikhulupiriro mchitidwe wa kulembetsa ndi chivoti chitsimikizo cha mawu. Kalinia [[[FLT:]], [[FLT:] [FLT]], [FLT] [2] [2]] New York [, [[FLT: 4.] Zikalata zovomerezeka [ziyenetsetsa], ndi [[FLT:] A. [FLT] A.]

Kuwonongeka kwa Dziko: Kuwoneka Kozama

Kuchitira chitsanzo kusiyana kwa dziko, pano pali kufufuza kowonjezereka kwa malamulo a ovota m’maiko ambiri aakulu, oikidwa m’magulu a lamulo monga mu 2025.

Malo Osonyeza Chithunzi Cholimba

  • Georgia [1]: Ifuna chithunzi cha boma . Boma limapereka makhadi a ovota aulere kwa awo opanda mafomu ena. Mavotera opanda ID angaponye pepala lopangira zinthu koma ayenera kupanga ID m'masiku atatu.
  • Indiana [1] : Imodzi ya malamulo oyamba kuvomereza lamulo la ID yokhwima. Mafomu ovomerezedwa amaphatikizapo laisensi ya dalaivala, makhadi a boma, kapena ID ya asilikali. Mavidiyo opanda ID angaike pepala loŵerengera limene likhoza kuŵerengedwa kokha ngati pambuyo pake apereka ID.
  • Kansas [1] : poyamba limodzi la maumboni okhwima kwambiri, ofuna umboni wa unzika pamene akulembetsa, koma chofunikacho chasinthidwa pambuyo pa mavuto a lamulo. Komabe, Kansas amafunabe chithunzithunzi cha jakisoni kuti avote mwa munthu.
  • Texts : Kulandira ma ID a zithunzi zochepetsedwa. Wovota wopanda GOD angasaine “chilengezo chopinga chotsatirika chomveka” ndi kupereka chikalata chochirikiza (mlongo, magetsi). Zimenezi zimachititsa Texas kukhala yosakhala chigawo cha chigawo cha ovota, koma kaŵirikaŵiri imaikidwa kukhala yokhwima kwambiri chifukwa cha ndandanda yochepera ya ma Office ovomerezedwa.
  • Wiscon [FLT : Ifuna dzina la chithunzi. Ophunzira kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mavuto chifukwa chakuti madiadi a koleji sangavomerezedwe pokhapokha ngati aphatikizapo kusaina ndi deti lotha. Boma limapereka madiautilo ku kupyolera mwa Dipatimenti ya Moto.

Chithunzi Chopanda Kachipangizo

  • Colorado : Mavoter ayenera kusonyeza mtundu wa ID koma angagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo chikalata cha banki kapena ndalama ya magetsi. Anthu amene alibe ndalama akhoza kusaina chikalata chosonyeza kuti akuwagwiritsa ntchito ndi kuvota.
  • Florida [1]: Amafuna ID ya chithunzi. Ngati wovota alibe, angavote . Komabe, ngati siginenti ya pa kaundulayo ikugwirizana ndi sigineji yovomerezeka, pepala la kampani limaŵerengedwa.
  • [[FULT:0] Montana [1] : Amalandira zonse ziŵiri chithunzi ndi ID yosakhala yotchuka. Mavoter opanda ID angasaine affidavit ndi kuponya pepala lovomerezeka.
  • New Mexico : Mavoti angapereke zikalata zosiyanasiyana; ngati alibe dzina, madiresi, ndi madigiri anayi omalizira a nambala yawo ya Chisungiko cha Mayanjano kuti avote.

Maboma Sanafunikire

  • California [1] : Palibe chizindikiritso chimene chikufunikira povota. Mavoter amangopereka dzina ndi keyala yawo pamalo opatula. Komabe, ovota anthaŵi yoyamba amene analembetsa paposi angafunikire kusonyeza dzina la pepala pansi pa lamulo la boma.
  • Minnesota [1]: Maumboni amatsimikizira kudziŵika kwawo mwa kutchula dzina lawo ndi keyala. Palibe ID yofunikira. Ntchito yolembetsa ya Minnesota imafunikiranso umboni wa malo okhala, koma osati chithunzi.
  • . New York .[FLT :1] . Palibe ID yofunikira povota. Mofanana ndi California, ovota anthaŵi yoyamba amene analembetsa paposi angafunikire kupereka chizindikiritso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chivoti [1]: Masankho onse amachitidwa ndi makalata, ndipo Oregon safuna kuti apange chivoti. Maballot amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusaina kofanana.

Zitsanzo za Malamulo a Zikalata za Voter

Kumwera: Kuika Malamulo Okhwima Patsogolo

The southern United States has the highest concentration of strict voter ID requirements. States like Mississippi, Tennessee, and Georgia require strict photo IDs. Many southern states cite concerns about voter fraud as the primary reason for these laws. Critics argue that the historical context of voting discrimination in the region makes strict ID laws particularly problematic, as they may disproportionately affect minorities and low-income voters. Legal battles over these laws have been especially intense in Alabama and[[ML:0] Text[[ML:1].

Kumadzulo: Njira Yosavuta Kuipeza

Maiko a Kumadzulo amalingalira za ziyeneretso za ID zofeŵa kwambiri. Kalifornia , [[FLT:] [FLT]], chivomezi , ndi [[FLT:] ] Shahington [ (kamene kachitidwe konse ka masankhoti ndi makalata) samafuna ID. [[FLT:] Balodo ndi [[FLT:] New Mexico Ali ndi madongosolo osakhazikika. [FLT:] Azokontazo [FF:] [FF: 11] [FF] [FF:] ndi chithunzi chosiyana ndi chifanizithunzi chake chokhwima, ngakhale kuti chimaperekanso chikalata chovomerezekapo cha ku madera akale.

Malamulo Apakati: Malamulo Ophatikizapo ndi Ololera

MicWestpan imapereka chithunzi chogaŵanika. Wiconsin ndi Incana ndi chithunzithunzi chokhwima. [[FLT:] Mainnesota] ndi [FLT] [FLT]] [[FLT:]] ndi] Illinois [ safuna maina. Amasinthani pakati pa anthu oyandikanawo [[[FL:9] malinga ndi ngati wovota akulumbira kuti alumbire [mavida] [Micojoni akufunsa kuti adziwonere popanda kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kum’mwera cha Kum’mawa: Nthawi zambiri Zosafunika Kwambiri

Maboma a kumpoto chakummaŵa, kuphatikizapo [[FLT : 0] New York , , [[FLT :2]] Massachusetts , ndi Kugwirizanitsa , ndi Kugwirizana , sikufuna kujambula chithunzi. Ena, monga New Hampshi , atsutsana malamulo aakulu koma tsopano ali ndi zofunika za kujambula kwa zithunzi. Chikhalidwe cha ndale cha dziko chimakhala ndi cholinga chovomereza kupezeka kwa munthu pa njira zachitetezo.

Chiyambukiro cha Kusintha ndi Kutengamo Mbali

Chiyambukiro cha malamulo a voti pa kutsegula ndilo nkhani ya kufufuza kwakukulu. [FLT: 0] Brennan Center ya maphunziro a Chilungamo anapeza kuti malamulo odalirika a mavoti angachepetse ndi 2 mpaka 3 peresenti, ndi ziyambukiro zosakulirapo kwa ovota ochepa, anthu ofika pansi, ndi osankhidwa aang'ono. Magulu ameneŵa sangakhale ndi mitundu ya ma ID omwe akufunika. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala a ACUL adanena kuti pafupifupi 11% ya oyenerera. . Anthu ameneŵa samakhala ndi boma loyenerera.

Kuyambukiridwa ndi Chiŵerengero Chachindunji cha Ofesi

  • [[FLT: 0] Maumboni [1]: Osankha a ku Africa ndi a ku Spain sangakhale ndi laisensi ya dalaivala kapena ID ya boma poyerekezera ndi wovota woyera. Maphunziro ochokera ku Georgia [1] ndi ndi [FLT ] Wissin asonyeza kuti kutembenuka kwa anthu ochepa kwapadera pambuyo poti malamulo otsatidwa.
  • Zolowa zokongola- Zotsatira [1]: Kupeza ID ya boma yosoweka ingatenge nthaŵi ya ntchito, ndalama zoyendera, ndi ndalama zolipirira mapepala. Ngakhale pamene ma ID aperekedwa kwaulere, mtengo wake (wokhala ndi pepala la kubadwa, ulendo wa ku DMV) ungakhale woletsa anthu amene akukhala muumphaŵi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Achikulire kwambiri [1]: Osankha okalamba amene sayendetsa galimoto angakhale alibenso laisensi yoyendetsera yomwe ilipo tsopano. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma ena amalandira madiauti a okalamba, ena sapanga chopinga kwa awo amene aleka kuyendetsa galimoto.
  • Ophunzira a pa koleji kaŵirikaŵiri alibe ID yachindunji ya boma ngati akuphunzira kusukulu m’dziko lina. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma ambiri amavomereza kuti maID a ophunzira ali oyenera kudziŵikitsa, zofunika zotsimikizirika (monga deti lotha kapena siginenti) zingawapangitse kukhala osavomerezeka. Nthaŵi zina ma medi a ophunzira a mayunivesite aumwini amakanidwa.

Ndemanga Zosiyanitsa: Kubera mwachinyengo kwa Voter.

Ochirikiza malamulo a ovota a gulu atsutsa kuti ngofunika kuletsa kunyenga kwa wovota ndi kusunga chidaliro cha anthu m'masankho. Pamene kuli kwakuti umboni wa kufalikira kwa kuyerekezera ngwaung'ono, ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti malamulowo amatumikira monga choletsa. Otsutsa akutsutsa kuti cholinga chenicheni ndicho kutsendereza wovota. Kufufuza kwapeza kuti zochitika za chinyengo cha wovota ngwachilendo kwambiri . [[FLT:] 2020 kapendedwe ka [[FLT:] ka mavoti oposa 250 miliyoni ndi kuŵerengeka kwa zinenezo zotsimikizirika zodalirika. Ndemangazo zikupitirizabe, ndi mbali zonse ziŵirizo zikuloza ku chidziŵitso chosiyana.

Mavuto a Malamulo ndi Zochitika Zaposachedwapa

Malamulo a Voter akhala ovomerezeka ndi milandu yambiri kuyambira pa chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la 2013 mu Shelby County v. Khonso . Linaletsa makonzedwe aakulu a Court Rights Act . Chigamulo chimenecho chinachotsa zimene zinanena kuti ndi mbiri ya tsankho zikhale ndi chilolezo cha boma asanasinthe malamulo awo osankha. Kenako, maboma angapo anakhazikitsa malamulo a malamulo a malamulo a masumo, amene atsutsidwa m’makhoti a malamulo a malamulo ndi malamulo a malamulo a malamulo a boma.

Milandu Yomveka

  • V. Abbott (Taxmas) : Vuto lakale ku lamulo la chigamulo la ID la Texas. Khoti linapeza kuti lamulo linasankha mwadala voti ochepa ndi mankhwala olamulira. Mlanduwo wasintha, kuphatikizapo “chigamulo chopinga ".
  • Common Cause v. Lewis (North Carolina) : Dera Lachinayi linagonjetsa lamulo la wovota wa North Carolina, kugamula kuti linayang'anira osankha a ku Africa “mwachidziŵikire cha opareshoni. [1] Boma linagwiritsira ntchito lamulo latsopano la ID limene linalola mitundu yambiri ya kudziŵidwa koma lidakayang'anizanabe ndi kufufuzidwa kwalamulo.
  • Fischer v. Bwanamkubwa wa Alabama : Dera la 11 linachirikiza lamulo la wovota la Alabama lotsutsa chitokoso chakuti linali laupostru, koma linadziŵitsa kuti wotsutsayo sanapereke umboni wokwanira wa cholinga cha kugamula mlandu.

Malo Otsatira malamulo mu 2024-2025

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, chikhoterero chasanganizidwa. Mayiko ena alimbitsa zofunika zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Arksas anapatula lamulo lofuna kujambula zithunzi za onse aŵiri mu injini ndi kuvota, ndi chiyeneretso chakuti ID isafe ndi zaka zoposa zinayi. Maboma ena, monga Virginia [1], awonjezera ndandanda ya ma ID ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kuphatikizapo abbiji ndi a ophunzira. NV] inaposa chivoti cha lamulo kupyola m'maseŵera 202. Makalata ovomerezeka a m'malamulo a m'malamulo atsala pang'ka.

Zofunika Zoti Anthu Azigwiritsa Ntchito Popanga Zopanga

Kwa ovota, sitepe lofunika kwambiri ndi kudziŵa zofunika m'dziko lawo Tsiku la Chisankho lisanafike. Mawebusaiti ambiri a chisankho amapereka mpambo watsatanetsatane wa ma ID ovomerezeka. Ngati wovota alibe ndandanda yofunikira, maboma ambiri amapereka makhadi a boma odzidziŵikitsa mwaulere kudzera ku Dipatimenti ya Motor Vehicles. Maboma ena amaperekanso mafoni kapena “ainjini ya galimoto yovota".

Mavota ayeneranso kudziŵa za mavoti apadera. Ngati wovota afika pa mavoti popanda ndandanda ya ID yofunikira, ayenera kupempha kaamba ka pepala lokhala ndi mapepala. Mpulopu ya wovotayo kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ndi malangizo pa zimene wovotayo ayenera kuchita kuti aŵerengedwe (m'jere, apereke kope la idi paposi kapena mwa munthu pa nthaŵi yachidule). Kulephera kwa detilotilosiyo kumatanthauza kuti wovotayo saŵerenga.

Kwa ophunzira a pakoleji, ankhondo, ndi anthu amene amasamuka kaŵirikaŵiri, kuli kofunika makamaka kutsimikizira mitundu ya ID imene imavomerezedwa. Maiko ena, monga [[FLT: 0] Wisconsin , amalandira kokha maadiresi ena a pakoleji omwe amaphatikizapo kusaina ndi deti lomaliza la kutha kwa tsikulo, awo amene sagwirizana ndi muyezo sadzavomerezedwa.

Tsogolo la Malamulo a Zopanga

Tsogolo la malamulo a mavoti silikudziŵika bwino koma lingakhalebe maziko a mkangano wa dziko. Malamulo a miyezo ya boma, monga ngati ya Malamulo a Anthu, aima mu Congress. Ntchito yapamwamba ya boma imasonyeza kuti siikulimbana. Technoloji yonga ma ID kapena kutsimikizira kozikidwa pa mavoti ingathe kusintha malo, koma tsopano, ntchitoyo ikutsala. Magulu a anthu akupitiriza kugwira ntchito kuti onse aŵiri awonjezere kulowa kwa ovota ndi kusungika kwamphamvu. Chipambano chake chidzadalira pa kulamulira kwa ndale zadziko ndi kuikidwa kwa lamulo m'makhoti.

Kuzindikira malamulo a ovota kuli kofunika osati kokha kwa osankha komanso kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi aliyense amene anachita m'moyo wa anthu. Kukhalabe wodziŵa malamulo m'boma lililonse(ndi kutsutsana nawo) ndi kutsutsana nawo n’kumene kuli mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kukhala wokangalika, wozindikira. Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane ndi chamakono, Vote. org tsamba la wovota limapereka pulogalamu yofufuzira ndi boma, pamene National Conference of Legislatures imasunga tchati yolinganiza bwino.

Kumaliza: Kulinganiza Kufikira ndi Kusunga Umphumphu

Malamulo a Voter ali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kutsutsana pakati pa zolinga ziŵiri zoyenera: kutsimikizira kuti ovota okha oyenerera kutengamo mbali m'masankho ndi kutsimikizira kuti palibe wovota woyenerera amachotsedwa. Kusintha kwakukulu mu United States kumasonyeza kuti palibe njira imodzi yopangira zonse. Monga nzika, kuzindikira kucholoŵana kumeneku kumalola makambitsirano owonjezereka odziŵa bwino kwambiri ponena za mmene angachitire bwino kwambiri masankhoti. Ngati mukhala m’dziko lokhala ndi ziyeneretso zolondola zotsimikizirika kapena popanda zifuno zonse, kudziŵa kuti lamulo ndilo sitepi yoyamba yopanga chinthu chimene chikufunikira. Mwa kukhalabe ndi kuchirikiza malamulo oyenera, Aamereka angapitirizebe kukonza njira yawo yosankhidwa kuti atumikire zonse ndi kupambana.