Khoti Lapamwamba la United States (SCOTUS) limaimira monga womalizira wotsutsa mikangano yalamulo m'dziko lomangidwa pa lamulo. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndiyo kumasulira Malamulo ndi malamulo a boma, ntchito imene mosapeŵeka imaloŵetsamo kugamula kaya malamulo operekedwa ndi Congress ndi makhomagedo a boma ali oyenera kapena ayenera kugwetsedwa. Udindo umenewu wa mbali ziŵiri kuchirikiza kapena kusintha malamulo silo lalo loletsa kudula malamulo pa ben, koma mmalo mwake ndilo la maziko a malamulo openda. Kumvetsa malamulo, miyezo, ndi ziphunzitso zogwiritsira ntchito kukhoti kuyendetsa ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito yake yaikulu ndi yofunika kwambiri nkofunika pomvetsa kapangidwe kayendetsedwe ka ulamuliro wa Amereka.

Komabe, mphamvu imeneyi imalamulidwa mosamalitsa ndi chitsanzo, njira, ndi malemba a Konsichushoni yeniyeniyo. Pamene Khoti lichirikiza lamulo, limavomereza chiweruzo cha lamulo. Pamene lisintha lamulo, limalengeza kuti chiweruzo sichigwirizana ndi malamulo a dziko. Zigamulo zimenezi sizimapangidwa mwachikale, koma zili zopangidwa ndi kachitidwe ka mfundo zovuta, zotsimikizira kuti lamulo likhale lovomerezeka pamene likulola chisinthiko chalamulo.

Maziko a Kupenda Chiweruzo

Asanafufuze mmene malamulo amachirikizidwira, nkofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa magwero a ulamuliro wa Khotilo wa kudzipenda koteroko. mphamvu imeneyi siikulongosoledwe mwachindunji m’malembo a Lamulo.

Marbury ndi Madison ndi Mphamvu Yonena Zimene Chilamulo Chili

Chochitika chapadera cha Marbury . Madison [FLT :1] ndi maziko a lamulo lake lachimereka . Mkangano unabuka kuchokera ku chipwirikiti cha ndale zadziko cha "Oweruza ausiku" pamapeto pa John Adams pulezidenti. William Marbury, woikidwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito, Mlembi wa Boma James Madison pa ntchito yake. M’lingaliro la ambiri, Woweruza John Marshall anapanga kusamuka kwapadera kwapadera. Iye analamula kuti pamene Marbury anali ndi udindo wake, Bwalo silinalamulitse chifukwa cha lamulo lopatsa Bwalo lomwe linapereka mphamvu yeniyeni ya 13 ya Jeudiary Active ya 1789) inasiyana ndi malamulo ake.

Marshall analengeza motchuka, " ndi motsimikiza kuti chigawo ndi ntchito ya dipatimenti yachiweruzo ikunena zimene lamulo liri. Mawu osavuta koma amphamvu ameneŵa anakhazikitsa chiphunzitso cha kupenda kwa chiweruzo — ulamuliro wa Bwalo Lapamwamba lakuswa malamulo. Mwa stroko imodziyi, Marshall adaika judiary monga nthambi ya boma, yokhoza kupenda mphamvu ya Comrvement ndi Pulezidenti.

Kunyenga kwa Nyenyezi: Mfundo Yachikhalidwe ya Chiyambi

Mwinamwake lamulo lapadera kwambiri pa mphamvu ya Khotilo ndilo chiphunzitso cha stares decis , liwu Lachilatini lotanthauza "kuima mogwirizana ndi zinthu zogamulidwa. Lamulo limeneli limalamula kuti makhoti ayenera kutsatira zitsanzo zokhazikitsidwa m'milandu yapita. Stare decisis amapereka kusasintha, kutsimikizirika, ndi kukhazikika kwa lamulo. Limatsimikizira kuti milandu yofananayo imagamulidwa m’njira zofananazo, kuletsa lamulolo kusasintha ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa khotilo.

Khoti silimawona chitsanzo kukhala lamulo losatsutsika, koma limachilemekeza kwambiri. Monga momwe Bwalo linanenera mu Parents . Casey . Casey . , kutsata kwa chitsanzo kumafuna "kulungamitsa kwapadera" mfundo zonga mkhalidwe wa kulingalira koyamba, kuthekera kwa malamulo, ndi masinthidwe m'chochitika cha kakhalidwe kapena kumvetsetsa kungalungamitse chigamulo cha poyamba. Mphamvu yochirikiza lamulo kaŵirikaŵiri imayenderana ndi ulemu wa chitsanzo chimene chilipo, pamene kuli kwakuti mphamvu ya kusintha lamulo imafunikira Khoti kaŵirikaŵiri kupima ndalama za kutembenuza kumasulira kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kumasulira Malamulo.

Khoti limachita mphamvu yake ya kupenda zinthu m'nkhani ziŵiri zosiyana. Choyamba ndi kumasulira kwa boma, kumene Khoti limasankha ngati lamulo likutsutsana ndi malemba kapena mfundo za malamulo. Khoti likapeza kuti laswa, lamulo limachotsedwa. Lachiwiri ndi [[FLT:] Stainstry anthauth [, kumene Khoti limafuna kufotokoza tanthauzo la lamulo la boma loperekedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Popeza kuti Congress ili ndi mphamvu yopanga malamulo, Khoti nthaŵi zambiri limamvera zolinga zake, limapereka lamulolo.

Chida chachikulu m'kumasulira kwa malamulo ndicho chiphunzitso chaching'ono . Chiphunzitso chimenechi chimanena kuti ngati lamulo lili lomveka, khoti liyenera kugonjera ku matanthauzo omveka a bungwelo. Zimenezi zimavomereza ukatswiri wa mabungwe a akuluakulu ndi kuvomereza kuti kukonza malamulo kumafuna kudzaza mphiri za kumanzere ndi Congress. Kuzindikira zimenezi nkofunika, monga momwe Khoti lili ndi mphamvu yomasulira malamulo (amene Nyumba za malamulo zingathe kumasulira pambuyo pake) kuposa kumasulira malamulo (amene amafuna kumasulira lamulo lapamwamba).

Mmene Khoti Lalikulu Limachirikizira Malamulo: Miyezo ya Kubwereramo

Pamene lamulo litsutsidwa, Bwalo Lapamwamba silifunsa ngati liri lamulo labwino kapena lanzeru, mmalomwake, limafunsa kaya ngati boma liri ndi kulungamitsa koyenera kaamba ka lamulo pansi pa Malamulo. Kuyankha funsoli, Bwalo Lamilandu lapanga dongosolo lopendedwa motsatizana, kuyambira pa kupendedwa mopambanitsa kufikira pa kupambanitsa.

Kupendanso Maziko a Kudziikira Pangano

Mlingo wotsika ndi wofala kwambiri wa kufufuza ndi wa kupenda ndi wakuti maziko oyenerera a kupenda . Pansi pa muyezo umenewu, lamulo limalingaliridwa kukhala lalamulo. Mtolo wonse ukuikidwa pa wotsutsa kutsimikizira kuti lamulolo silili ndi kugwirizana koyenera ndi chikondwerero cha boma. Muyezo umenewu uli woyenerera kwambiri ku malamulo, wosonyeza chikhulupiriro chakuti zosankha za zachuma ndi za mayanjano ndi zabwino zimasiyidwira ku dongosolo la demokrase.

Mwachitsanzo, mu Calliamson v. Lee Optical Co. (19555), Khoti linachirikiza lamulo la Oklahoma limene linapangitsa kuti kukhale kosaloleka kwa akatswiri a maso kuphatikiza magalasi akale m'mafaniziro atsopano popanda chilolezo kuchokera kwa wosankha kapena wopenda. Lamulolo linawoneka ngati likutetezera ntchito imodzi pa mtengo wa wina, koma Khotilo linapeza kuti lamulolo likhoza kugamula mwanzeru kulamulira mwanjira imeneyi. Malamulo ambiri amapendanso maziko abwino, kupanga njira yaikulu imene khoti limavomereza zigamu za malamulo.

Kupenda Kogwirizanitsa

The second tier is intermediate scrutiny, a standard applied in cases involving classifications based on gender or legitimacy. To survive intermediate scrutiny, the government must show that the law serves an important government objective and is substantially related to achieving that objective. Unlike rational basis, the burden of proof is on the government, not the challenger.

Muyezo wamakono unatsimikiziridwa mu Craig v. Boren [1] [[FLT :1] (6) , kumene Khoti linakantha lamulo la Oklahoma limene linalola akazi kugula moŵa 3.2% pa msinkhu wa zaka 18 koma linafuna amuna kukhala ndi zaka 21. Khotilo linapeza kuti "malamulo a amuna ndi akazi opambanitsa" onena za zizoloŵezi zakumwa za amuna ndi akazi sanapereke "ILIT" kulungamitsa kokwanira. Intermediate imachita monga maziko apakati, imapereka chitetezo choposa maziko oyenerera pamene ikalibe osalimba kwenikweni.

Kupenda Kolimba

Muyezo wapamwamba ndi wofuna kupambana ndiwo kusanthula kwa m'masulidwe. Muyezo umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene lamulo latsata pa nufinsition (monga fuko, chiyambi cha dziko, kapena chipembedzo) kapena kuswa [[FLT:] kuyenera kwa kuvota, kapena zoyenera kusungidwa ndi Commust Conflution ). Pansi pa kupenda kosabisa, lamulo limalingaliridwa kukhala losayenerera, ndipo boma limasenza mtolo wosonyeza kuti lamulolo ndilo [FL:] [FT] [FT] yosagwirizana ndi: [FT]

Mu Khorematsu v. United States (1944), khoti linagwiritsira ntchito kupenda kosamalitsa koma likuchirikizabe kugwirizana kwa Ajapani a Amereka mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, kupeza kuti chisungiko cha dziko chinali chosangalatsa kwambiri. Komabe, m'nkhani zambiri zamakono, kupenda kosamalitsa ndiko "kulingalira, koma kupha kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, mu Generite v. Bollinger (2003), Khoti imagwirizana ndi kachitidwe kodzitetezera kake, kuwona kuti kukwaniritsa kachitidwe kasukulu ya malamulo, kupeza kuti kukwaniritsa thupi la ophunzira osiyanasiyana kunali kosonkhezera ndi kuti programu inali yogwirizana. Microme imeneyi imapereka malamulo a lamulo kapena kuti ipereke chiganizo.

Mmene Khoti Lalikulu Limaperekera Malamulo Kapena Kutsutsa

Khoti likapeza kuti lamulo lina laphwanya malamulo, likhoza kusintha zinthu pa nkhani ya malamulo, n’kuchepetsa lamulo, n’kuchepetsa lamulo, kapena kuti kuchepetsa lamulo, n’kuphwanya lamulo lonselo, n’kugwetsa zaka zambiri zimene anthu anatengerapo kale.

Kupambanitsa Kusintha kwa Malingaliro ndi Chizindikiro

Njira yodabwitsa kwambiri ya kusintha lamulo ndiyo kuchulukitsa kwa lamulo la Bwalo Lapamwamba lisanachite. Ichi ndi chochitika chachilendo, chosungidwa kaamba ka mikhalidwe imene chigamulo chapasadakhale chatsimikizira kukhala chosagwira ntchito, chadodometsedwa ndi zosankha zapambuyo pake, kapena changolakwika. Chitsanzo chotchuka koposa m'mbiri ya Amereka ndicho Brown v. [1] [195] [194] [imene inachirikiza "' chiphunzitso chofanana", cholungamitsa fuko. [FLT:]. [FLT:] [FLT:]

M'mbiri yaposachedwapa, Khoti linasonyeza mphamvu imeneyi mu Obergefell v. Hodges (2015, limene linasintha kumasulira kwa maukwati kuphatikizapo maukwati apakati, kuchulukitsa malamulo a boma ndi a boma. Mofananamo, Dobs v. Jackson’s Health Organization [20222]) pa malamulo [[FLT:]]. [222] Malamulo oikidwa ndi oyenera kuchotsa mimba. [[FLT] Malamulo omalizira] Akusonyeza mphamvu ya chigamu cha chigamu.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo

Khoti limasinthanso malamulo kudzera m'mtundu wa chitokoso chimene limalingalira. M'chitokoso champhamvu [[FLT: 1], wotsutsayo akutsutsa kuti lamulo nlosagwirizana ndi zonse zimene limachita. Khoti likavomereza, lamulo limagonjetsedwa kotheratu ndipo silingagwiritsiridwe ntchito m’mikhalidwe iriyonse. Ichi chiri chiŵiya champhamvu, ndipo Khoti kaŵirikaŵiri limalisunga kaamba ka malamulo omwe ali osatsimikizirika kapena amene amatetezera mawu otetezera mwalamulo.

Mosiyana, chitokoso [[QUT: 0] choperekedwa ndi lamulo chimatsutsa kuti lamulo silinavomerezedwe mwachindunji monga momwe limagwirira ntchito ku mikhalidwe ya wotsutsayo, ngakhale ngati lingakhale logwirizana ndi malamulo m’zochitika zina. Ngati Khoti livomereza, silimawononga lamulo lonse. Mmalomwake, limalamula boma kuti lisapereke lamulo lotsutsana ndi wotsutsa ndi wina wotchulidwa ndi wina mofananamo. Zimenezi zimalola lamulolo kukhalabe m’mabuku, kukhudza awo amene zochita zawo zimagwera m’mphamvu yoyenerera ya boma. Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iŵiri imeneyi ya mavuto kuli mfungulo wa mmene Khoti labwino la kuloŵerera kwake.

Chiphunzitso cha Kudalirika

Khoti likapeza mbali ya lamulo losakhala lalamulo, nthaŵi zambiri liyenera kusankha chimene chimachitika ku lamulo lonselo. Chiphunzitso cha chimapereka maziko. Khoti limafunsa ngati Nyumba za Malamulo zikanakhala zitapitirira lamulolo popanda lamulo lopanda lamulo. Ngati yankho lake ndi inde, makonzedwe osagwirizana ndi lamulo atha, ndipo lamulo lonselo limakhalabe logwira ntchito.

Mu NFIB v. Sebelius (202), Khoti linachirikiza lamulo la Affordble Care Act la munthu payekha pansi pa mphamvu ya Congress yokhoma msonkho, koma linalamula kuti chilango cha kusagwirizana ndi malonda sichingasungidwe pansi pa Zamalonda. Chofunika kwambiri, Khoti linagamula kuti kufutukuka kwa Medicaid sikunali kogwirizana ndi malamulo. Komabe, khoti linagamula kuti makonzedwe ameneŵa anali okhoza kutha, kutanthauza kuti ACA atha kukhalabe popanda. Khotilo limalola kuti khoti lichotse mbali yochitidwa popanda lamulo.

Njira Yamakono Yopangira Zosankha

Kumvetsa lamulo lochokera ku lamulo la msonkhano loti lipereke chitsanzo pa dziko lonselo kuli njira yovuta yoloŵetsamo akanema ambiri opitirira pa zigamulo zisanu ndi zinayi.

Kuchoka pa Pempho Kukhala Mkangano Wamwambo

Milandu yambiri imene imafikira Khoti Lalikulu imachita zimenezo mwa kupempha kuti apeze cortari . Khoti limalandira pafupifupi 7000 mpaka 8,000 zopempha zilizonse, koma limangopereka kubwerera kwa milandu 70 mpaka 80. Njira yosankha imeneyi imalamulidwa ndi "Rule of Four," kutanthauza kuti oweruza anayi ayenera kuvota kuti amvere mlandu.

Oweruza amadalira kwambiri olemba malamulo awo kuti apendenso mapemphowo, ndipo amakambirana za odalirika kwambiri pa msonkhano waokha. Milandu imene imagawikana m'dera (pamene makhoti aŵiri a apilo a boma apeza mayeso osiyana pankhani yalamulo), kapena nkhani yofunika kwambiri m’dzikolo, ikhoza kupatsidwa. Akaimbidwa, mamembala onsewo amafunika kukambirana kwachidule, ndipo khoti lililonse lili ndi ndandanda ya mawu. Mbali iliyonse ili ndi mphindi 30 kuti ipereke mlandu wake, koma nthaŵi zambiri zigamule ndi mafunso omveka bwino.

Zimene Amicus Curiae Amachita

Malamulo asanafikire chigamulo, iwo amadzazidwa ndi chidziŵitso kuchokera ku mamicucule [1] kapena "anzake a khoti . Izi zaikidwa ndi mbali zachitatu zimene ziri ndi chidwi champhamvu m'chifuno cha mlanduwo koma siziri mbali yolunjika ku mlandu. Magulu achisangalalo, mabishopu a boma, maprofesa alamulo, makampani a malonda, ndi ngakhale Department Department (kupyoyoyakedwa ndi Solite General) amagwiritsira ntchito ma a a a a a a a a a m'kasunts kulongosola mowonjezereka, mbiri yakale, ndi zotulukapo zenizeni za chigamulo.

Solicitor General ndimmics wosonkhezera kwambiri, wotchedwa "Chilungamo Chachisanu . Ofesi ya SG' imaimira boma la boma pamaso pa Khoti ndi mafaelo kufupi ndi nkhani zimene boma lili ndi chikondwerero chachikulu. Khotilo kaŵirikaŵiri limaitana SG kuti lilembe kanthaŵi kochepa ngakhale pamene boma silili chipani. Kupeka kumeneku kumathandiza oweruza kuzindikira mphamvu ya zigamulo zawo pa malamulo a boma ndi ulamuliro wa dziko.

Msonkhano, Kulankhulana, ndi Kutsutsa Malingaliro

Pambuyo pa mikangano ya pakamwa, oweruza amakumana m’msonkhano waumwini kukakambitsirana mlanduwo ndi kupanga voti loyambirira. Woweruza Wamkulu amatsogolera ndi kulankhula choyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi woyanjana naye chilungamo, ndipo chotero, kufikira pa chiweruzo chaching’ono kwambiri.

Chilungamo chachikulu koposa m'maunyinji amagaŵira ntchito ya kulemba malingaliro a anthu ambiri. Ngati Woweruza Wamkulu ali pakati pa oweruza ambiri, amapanga gawolo. Apo ayi, woweruza wamkulu wa onse amaupereka. Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yaikulu, pamene ikulola kukhazikitsa chilungamo kulinganiza mfundo zalamulo ndi ukulu wa chigamulo. Chiweruzo choikizidwiratu, chimene chimaperekedwa pakati pa oweruza ena. Chimayamba njira ya kukambirana, kukonzanso, ndi kufunsira. Malungamo angagwirizane ndi lingalirolo, kulemba pangano (lo likugwirizana ndi zotsatirazo koma osati ndi malingaliro), kapena kulemba (kutsutsa ndi zotsatira). Lingaliro lomaliza siliimira chigamu cha Khoti, koma chikalata chotsogolera bwino.

Chiyambukiro Chokulira pa Chitaganya ndi Ulamuliro

Zigamulo zimene khoti Lalikulu linapereka zimangosonyeza kuti anthu a m’khotilo ndi amene ali ndi ufulu wochita zinthu mogwirizana ndi boma, kukhazikitsa malamulo a mmene boma limagwirira ntchito, kuteteza mphamvu za mayiko ndi dzikolo, ndiponso kuteteza ufulu wa anthu.

Kugwirizana ndi Kulinganiza Ulamuliro

Mbali yaikulu ya doko la khotiyi yodera nkhaŵa pheralist — kugawa kwa mphamvu pakati pa boma la boma ndi maboma. Malamulo amapereka mphamvu zina zotchulidwa ku Congress (monga mphamvu yolamulira malonda a mayiko), pamene kuli kwakuti amasunga maulamuliro ena onse ku maiko. Khoti limachita monga wotsogolera m'dongosolo lino.

Mu United States v. Lopez (195]), Bwalo lamilandu linagwetsa Gun-Free School Zoners Act, likugamula kuti kukhala ndi mfuti pafupi ndi sukulu sikunali ntchito ya zachuma imene inakhudza kwambiri malonda a mayiko. Imeneyi inali kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku Amereka ya Claus jurispudence, kusonyeza malire ku mphamvu ya boma. Nkhanizi zimasonyeza mmene Arizoka v. United States , khoti linagwetsa malamulo angapo a kusamuka kwa Arizona, kusungitsa lamulo la kusamuka, lokhala ndi ntchito yalamulo la boma lapansi pa chiphunzitso cha kutha. Nkhanizi zikusonyeza mmene Chilamulo cha malamulo aungwe cha ufulu wa pakati pa maulamuliro ndi ulamuliro.

Kumasuka kwa Pachiweniweni ndi Kusintha kwa Kakhalidwe

Khoti Lapamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri ndilo bwalo lamilandu lakuya kwambiri la mayanjano m’dziko. Zigamulo zake pa ufulu wa anthu zingatsimikizire zoyenerera zazikulu kapena malamulo a chikhalidwe. Bwalo la Warren (53 - 969) linali lokangalika kwambiri m'derali, kufutukula ufulu wa apandu (m. g., Mardav. ]), kukhazikitsa kuyenera kwa unyolo ([FLT:] Grislold. Connecticut [FLT] v.[FLT]]

M’zaka za zana la 21, khoti linagamulapo kuti likhale ngati linzake United . FEC[FLT :1] (2010), limene linasintha malamulo a ndawala ya zachuma mwa kukhazikitsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zandale za makampani za kufalitsa zisakhale zopereŵera pansi pa First Conformation. "OGWEEfell v. Hodges [202] [20] [20] kusintha mafotokozedwe a ukwati, kutsimikizira kukwanira ku maukwati a extern ku dziko lonse. [aposachedwapa], Dobs. As Organization of Health [FLD:5] OF] (202]) kusintha lamulo la kuchotsa mimba, kumbuyo kwa zaka 50 ndi kubwerera kumbuyo kwa zaka 50 za democracy (zo la democracy) m'zonse, pamene anthu opanga malamulo a bungwe la milandu, ovomerezeka.

Kufufuza pa Nthambi Yoweruza

Ngakhale kuti Khoti Lalikululi lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, silimaletsa chilichonse.

Kufufuza kwachindunji kwambiri ndiko kukonzanso kwa chigamulo. Ngati Khoti limamasulira Malamulo m’njira imene kutchuka kwa dziko kukukayikiridwa, maboma ndi Nyumba za Malamulo zingapereke kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso kwa 11 kwa chigamulo cha Khoti mu [FLT:] Chikumbutsov. Georgia (1793), kutetezera ku milandu ina. Kusintha kwa 14 kunalamulira bwino [FL:4] Scottd.

Congress alinso ndi mphamvu ya kutsutsa. Malamulo amapatsa Bungwe mphamvu yosiyana ndi ulamuliro wa Khoti Lalikulu. Ngakhale kuti sikwachilendo, Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi mphamvu zonena za kuchotsa magulu ena a milandu ku khoti la purigevi. Mabungwe angasinthenso ukulu wa Khoti (kuyesa kotchuka kochitidwa ndi Pulezidenti Franklin Roosevelt ndi mapulani ake "Lourt-packing" mu 1937) ndipo Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi mphamvu yotsimikizira kapena kukana zigawo za . Kufufuza kumeneku kwa ndale zadziko kutsimikizira kuti Bwalo likhalebe logwirizana ndi malamulo a dziko lonse, kuletsa kuyendetsa ntchito yake yonse.

Kumaliza: Ntchito Yothandiza ya Khoti Lalikulu Koposa

Khoti Lapamwamba lili ndi malo apadera m'dongosolo la malamulo a America. Ndilo bungwe losunga mwambo panthaŵi imodzi, logwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu a Konsichushoni ndi kulemera kwa malamulo ake, ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yokhoza kulengeza malamulo kukhala osagwira ntchito ndi kukonzanso malo alamulo. Khoti likachirikiza lamulo, limatsimikizira zochita za nthambi za ndale zadziko ndi kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa lamulo. Pamene lisintha lamulo, limachita ntchito yake yaikulu monga kupenda pa mphamvu yaikulu, kutetezera malamulo ofunika oikidwa m’Bungwe la Malamulo.

Kuzindikira mbali ziŵiri zimenezi nkofunika kumvetsetsa mmene ulamuliro wa Amereka umagwirira ntchito. Khotilo lilibe mphamvu yokakamiza malamulo ake kapena chikwama chakusungitsa ndalama. Ulamuliro wake umadalira pafupifupi pa kukhulupirira kwa anthu onse kuti alibe tsankho, mfundo zake, ndi kudzipereka kwawo ku lamulo. Mwa kuwongolera mosamalitsa kusakhazikika ndi kusintha, Khoti Lapamwamba limatsimikizira kuti malamulo asungidwabe kukhala chikalata chamoyo, chokhoza kutsogolera mtunduwo kupyola mavuto ambirimbiri a anthu ogwirizana ndi chitaganya. Zosankha zake, kaya zisunge zochirikiza kapena kusintha malamulo, zili mafotokozedwe a anthu amene tili ndi amene tikufunitsitsa kukhala.