Ntchito ya Makhoti Posintha Malamulo: Kusintha Malamulo N’kovuta

Malamulo si malo amodzi okha; ndi malo a moyo, opumira amene ayenera kusintha ndi kusintha makhalidwe a anthu, kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zopangapanga, ndi matanthauzo atsopano a chilungamo. Makhoti, monga nthambi yachitatu ya boma, ali maziko a chisinthiko chimenechi. Kuchokera pa kungogwiritsira ntchito malamulo omwe alipo, makhoti akumasulira malamulo, kuthetsa mikangano, ndipo [“kuyang'anika motsimikiza," kukhazikitsa njira yolinganizidwa imene malamulo a , osalungama, kapena malamulo a boma angatsutsidwe ndipo potsirizira pake. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi anthu otomera, kuzindikira mmene njira imeneyi igwirizanitsirira ntchito yothandiza kumvetsetsa ubale pakati pa malamulo ndi anthu. Nkhaniyi imafufuza njira, zitsanzo zapadera, ndi kutsutsa kumene kumalongosola ntchito yalamulo.

Mbali Yofunika Kwambiri ya Mkulu wa Asilikali m’Kusintha Malamulo

Mu demokrase ya lamulo, palibe nthambi ya boma imene ili ndi mphamvu zonse. Oweruza akugwira ntchito monga kuyang'anira kofunikira pa ponse paŵiri nthambi za malamulo ndi maulamuliro mwa kutsimikizira kuti malamulo ndi machitidwe a boma amagwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malamulo aakulu a chilungamo. Mphamvu imeneyi ya ya kuweruza mphamvu ya kulengeza lamulo losakhala lalamulo, ndilo maziko a kusintha kwa malamulo amakono kudzera m'makhoti. Popanda ilo, malamulo akanatha kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amaswa ufulu wa munthu aliyense popanda kuvulazidwa.

Makhoti samangonena kuti "inde" kapena "no" ku lamulo; amapereka mafotokozedwe olingalira amene kaŵirikaŵiri amaika zitsanzo zogwirizana pa milandu yamtsogolo. Njira imeneyi, yodziŵika monga stares decis , imapanga kukhazikika ndi kuneneratu pamene ikulolanso kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono monga nkhani zatsopano zikupereka mfundo zosiyanasiyana kapena kutsutsa nzeru ya zosankha zakale. Chigamulo cha judicariary chikhoza kuwonongeka m'ntchito zingapo:

  • Kutetezera Ufulu ndi Malo: Makhoti ali mzera womalizira wa kudzitetezera kwa anthu amene ufulu wawo wapotozedwa ndi boma kapena ndi oseŵera achinsinsi. Kupyolera m'makhoti, oweruza angafune kubwezeredwa ndipo, pochita zimenezo, makhoti amakakamiza kupendanso ukulu wa chitetezo cha malamulo.
  • Kupanga makina a Machenjezo a Grievances: Dongosolo la malamulo limapereka njira yolinganizidwa, yamtendere wocheperapo yothetsera mikangano. Njira imeneyi imaletsa mikangano kuwonjezereka kukhala chiwawa kapena chiweruzo chatcheru ndipo imalola kulinganiza kwadongosolo kwa zigomeko za lamulo.
  • Kusintha Malamulo Osalungama: Pamene nyumba ya malamulo ikhazikitsa lamulo limene limaswa zoyenera zotetezeredwa mwalamulo, makhoti ali ndi mphamvu ya kulikantha. Ntchito imeneyi imawoneka kwambiri pamene lamulo litsutsana ndi Bill of Rights kapena malamulo ena ofunika.
  • Kumasulira Malamulo Opatutsa : Kaŵirikaŵiri, tanthauzo la lamulo nlosadziŵika bwino. Makhoti amamveketsa cholinga cha malamulo ndi kudzaza mipata, yothandiza kuwongolera mmene lamulo limagwirira ntchito. Ntchito yomasulira imeneyi ikhoza kusintha kwambiri chiyambukiro chenicheni cha dziko la lamulo.

Khoti limene limachita zinthu mokakamizidwa ndi andale kapena lokondera silingakwanitse kuweruza ndi kuteteza malamulo a boma.

Mmene Malamulo Amatsutsidwira: Njira Zopitira ku Bwalo Lamilandu

Malamulo satsutsidwa chifukwa chakuti pali njira za malamulo zimene anthu, mabungwe, ngakhalenso maboma amagwiritsa ntchito popereka lamulo m’khoti kuti aonenso mmene njirazi zimagwirira ntchito.

Kutsutsa: Chikhoterero Chachikulu

Njira yolunjika kwambiri yotozera lamulo ndiyo kuweruza mlandu. Munthu wonenedwa kuti akuvulazidwa ndi lamulo . "amachititsa chidandaulo m'khoti lozenga mlandu. Kukhala ndi kuimirira , wotsutsa ayenera kusonyeza kuti iwo avulazidwa kotheratu ndi lamulo ndipo kuti chigamulo cha khoti chabwino chikhoza kubwezera chivulazo. Chiyeneretso chimenechi chitsimikizira kuti makhoti sapereka malingaliro opeka pa mafunso alamulo koma mmalo mwa kuthetsa mikangano yachikhalire.

Kugwetsa miseche kungakhale m’njira zosiyanasiyana:

  • Zovuta zapadera: Wotsutsa akunena kuti lamulo siliri logwirizana ndi malamulo onse. Izi nzovuta kupambana chifukwa chakuti wotonzayo ayenera kusonyeza kuti palibe mikhalidwe imene lamulo lingakhale logwira ntchito.
  • Monga Kulimbana Komwe Kukuchitidwa: Wotsutsa akunena kuti lamulo siligwirizana ndi lamulo monga momwe likugwirira ntchito ku mkhalidwe wawo wotsimikizirika, ngakhale ngati lingakhale loyenera m'nkhani zina. Njira imeneyi ndi yofala kwambiri ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri yachipambano.
  • Class Action Lawsuits: Pamene lamulo linena kuti liwononga gulu lalikulu la anthu mwanjira yofanana, mmodzi kapena oimira ambiri angapereke mlandu wa kalasi lonse. Njira imeneyi imagwirizanitsa chiyambukiro cha mlandu umodzi ndipo imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m'kuyenera kwa anthu, kutetezera ogula, ndi kutsutsa malo okhala.

Pamene mlandu uweruzidwa, khoti lidzagamula kuyenera kwa lamulo mwa kutsata mwambo, kutulukira, ndi, ngati kuli kofunika, kuzenga mlandu. Ngati khoti liweruza motsutsana ndi lamulo, boma lingapereke apilo; ngati khoti lichirikiza lamulo, wotsutsayo angapereke apilo. Kachitidweko kangatenge zaka zambiri ndipo kamaphatikizapo milingo yambiri ya kupenda chiweruzo.

Kachidule ka Amicus Curiae

curasie (Chilatini kaamba ka "bwenzi la khoti") ndi chikalata chalamulo chosungidwa ndi munthu kapena gulu limene silili mbali ya mlanduwo koma liri ndi chikondwerero chachikulu m'chipambano. Zifukwa zimenezi zimapereka khoti chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, kufufuza, kapena malingaliro amene maguluwo angakhale sanawafotokoze mokwanira.

Magulu achikondwerero . monga ngati American Civil Liberees Union, National Association for the Advanced People Legal Defense Fund, Chamber of Commerce, ndi mabungwe a chipembedzo odzisankhira zinthu ndi chidule cha mafaelo kuti asonkhezere kusintha kwalamulo. Kanthu kachidule kangagogomezere mfundo zachikhalidwe, nkhani zolembedwa, kapena kujambula malamulo ena. Pamene kuli kwakuti khoti silimamangidwa ndi mfundo zimenezi, kaŵirikaŵiri limaumba malingaliro a khoti ndipo lingaperekedwe m’lingaliro lomalizira.

Zimene Anthu Ambiri Amaganiza ndi Magulu Ena

Makhoti samakhala otetezeka kotheratu ku malingaliro a anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti oweruza ayenera kugamula milandu yozikidwa pa malamulo ndi maumboni, mkhalidwe wa makhalidwe ndi wandale ungayambukire mmene malamulo amatsutsidwira ndipo, potsirizira pake, mmene amasinthidwira. Magulu a kakhalidwe ndi kulinganiza ufulu wa anthu kufikira ku gulu la kulingana kwa ukwati. / agwiritsira ntchito mgwirizano wa kugwirizanitsa, maphunziro a anthu, ndi zitsekwezo zaudzu kubweretsa nkhani pamaso pa makhoti.

Ndemanga zapadera zopereka pulogalamu yapadera kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba ndi kusankhidwa kosamalitsa kwa malumbiro ndi milandu yoyesa. Ochirikiza amafunafuna ofufuza achifundo amene nkhani zawo zimasonyeza kuvulaza kochititsidwa ndi lamulo losalungama. Iwo amasankhanso maulamuliro abwino kumene lamulo lingakhale lothekera kugonjetsedwa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kutsutsa kwapoyera, kufalitsa nkhani, ndi makampani a maphunziro amakulitsa kuzindikira ndi opanga malamulo osonkhezera, kuphatikizapo oweruza. Brownn v. Board of Education [[FLD:1], monga chitsanzo, inali chimake cha zaka makumi ambiri za kugamula kwa lamulo kwa NAACP, kuphatikizapo maganizo osintha a anthu ponena za kulanda.

Kusintha Malamulo Kudzera M’makhoti: Kusweka kwa Masitepe ndi Masitepe

Kumvetsa masiteji alionse kumathandiza kuchepetsa vuto lokhudza lamulo, kuyambitsa chidandaulo chimene chimasintha kakhalidwe ka anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

Kudziimba Mlandu

Ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino mfundo zimene zimachititsa kuti pakhale mkangano, lamulo lotsutsa, ndiponso chifukwa chololeza chotsutsa mfundo imeneyi (m’chitsanzo, kuswa lamulo la First Amendment kapena chitetezo chofanana). Woweruzayo ayeneranso kupempha mankhwala enieni, monga ngati chilengezo chakuti lamulolo nlosagwirizana ndi lamulo kapena silikuletsa lamulolo.

Kupitiriza Koyambirira

Ataimbidwa mlanduwo, mlanduwo ulowa m'mbali yotulukira. Onse aŵiri amasonkhanitsa umboni, kutenga zikalata, kusinthana mafaelo, ndipo angasunthe (kuphatikizapo kutsutsidwa kwa mafaelo ) kuti ngakhale ngati zenizenizo zili zoona, palibe chinenezo cha lamulo) kapena njira yoperekera chiweruzo chachidule (kunena kuti palibe mfundo zotsutsana ndipo nkhaniyo ingasankhidwe monga nkhani ya lamulo). Zitokoso zambiri za lamulo zimathetsedwa pa sitejiyi popanda kuzenga mlandu, makamaka pamene zolakwa za lamulozo zili zoonekeratu.

Kuzengedwa Mlandu

Ngati mlanduwo upitiriza kuzengedwa mlandu, woweruzayo ayenera kupereka umboni wotsimikizira zinenezo zawo. M’nkhani zina, woweruza yekha amamva umboni; m’mbali zina, ajuli amagamula mafunso a zoona. Pamene umboniwo waperekedwa, woweruzayo amagwiritsira ntchito lamulo loyenerera ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo. Ngati woweruzayo apeza lamulolo kukhala losemphana ndi malamulo, boma lingaletsedwe kulitsatira.

Kukopa

Chipani cholephera chimakhala ndi kuyenera kwa kuchititsa apilo ku khoti lapamwamba. M'dongosolo la boma, zimenezi zimatanthauza kukopa kuchokera ku khoti lachigawo mpaka ku khoti lachitetezo, ndipo mwachidziŵikire ku khoti Lapamwamba. Pamlingo wa khotilo, cholinga chake ndicho kulakwa kwa lamulo kopangidwa mkati mwa mlanduwo, osati kutsimikiziranso mfundozo. Makhoti amapendanso zigamulo za khoti lamilandu de novo (longo latsopano) koma kunyalanyaza zowona popanda kulakwa kwake.

Kuchonderera kungatenge miyezi kapena zaka. Boma lingapereke chikalata chokankhira lamulo, ndipo wotsutsayo angapereke chilolezo chovomereza lamulolo. Khoti lopereka chilolezo lingatsimikizire khoti laling'ono, kuchotsa, kapena kubwezera mlanduwo pa milandu yowonjezereka. Lamulo lakuti lamulo siligwirizana pamlingo wa appellate limagwira ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m'deralo, kuyambitsa mkangano ndi madera ena ngati iwo analamulira mosiyana.

Kupenda Bwalo Lapamwamba

Sitepe lomalizira m'dongosolo la boma ndilo pempho la ku khoti la certiorari ku United States Supreme Court. Khoti siliyenera kuvomereza apilo iriyonse; limavomereza kokha pafupifupi 1-2% ya mapempho. Milandu imene imapereka makamaka mafunso ofunika a lamulo, kapena imene imathetsa kugawikana pakati pa makhoti adera, iri yothekera kupendedwa.

Ngati khoti lipereka chiŵiya cha certiorari, maphwandowo apereka mfundo zonse, ndi mikangano yapakamwa. Zigamulo za dala ndi zolembedwa. Chigamulo cha Khotilo chimakhala lamulo la dziko, logwirizana ndi makhoti onse ang'onoang'ono. Chigamulo chakuti lamulo la boma ndilo lopanda lamulo lopanda lamulo loletsa lamulolo m'dziko lonselo. Chigamulo chomasulira lamulo la boma kukhala logwira ntchito za m'tsogolo, pokhapokhapo ngati pambuyo pake Nyumba ya Malamuloyo inakonza lamulolo kuti lichotse kumasulira.

Zimene Anachita ndi Zimene Zinatsatirapo

Ngakhale pambuyo pa chigamulo cha khoti, kusintha kwa lamulo sikuchitika nthaŵi yomweyo. Nthambi yaikulu iyenera kugwirizana ndi chigamulocho, ndipo makhoti aang'ono ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano. M’nkhani zina, makhoti a akulu a boma angapereke malamulo atsopano kuti apereke malamulo opangidwa ndi chigamulo cha khotilo. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo poti Khoti Lapamwamba la Lalikulu laletsa makonzedwe ofunika a Council Act mu Shelby County . Hander (203), Congress , kulephera kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yoloza mlandu, kusiya chiboomwe chachikulu m'chilamulo cha boma lovomerezeka kuletsa ufulu wa kugamula ndi kachitidwe ka lamulo koweruza.

Milandu Yochititsa Chidwi Imene Inasintha Malamulo

M’mbiri ya anthu, makhoti, makamaka khoti Lalikulu, asintha malamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Mwinamwake chitsanzo chotchuka kwambiri cha kusintha kwa lamulo kupyola m'makhoti, Brown v. Board of Education inagonjetsa tsankho la mafuko m'masukulu a anthu onse, kugwetsa "kusinthana ndi kulingana" chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa ku Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Chigamulo chimodzi, cholembedwa ndi Mfumu Justice Earl Warrenren, chinavomereza kuti sukulu zopangidwa ndi zosalingana ndi zimene zimawonongadi Clauseste of Ineth Amedimetic. Mlawuwo unali chotulukapo cha kulinganiza kwa gulu logwirizana ndi NaACPFFFFFFF, lotsogozedwa ndi Thrall. Icho chinayalal Act ya ufulu wa Chilamulo cha mu 1964 ndi kutsutsa Kositiko ya 1965, ngakhale kuti inapitiriza zaka zambiri. [FGromest Bromest] pa Energyption of Farst [3]

Kuyenda m’mahema

Chigamulo cha Khoti chinachotsa lamulo la boma lomwe linaletsa kutaya mimba. chinazindikira ufulu wa mkazi wosankha kuchotsa mimba, kupatsidwa kuyenera kwachinsinsi kosonyezedwa ndi Century Claus ya Demendment. Chigamulo cha Khoti Lamilandu chinachotsa malamulo ambiri amene analetsa kutaya mimba, kuyambitsa mkangano wachikhalire wandale ndi walamulo. Nkhaniyi idakalibe njira yofotokozera za kuweruza, chitsanzo, ndi ntchito ya sayansi ndi makhalidwe abwino m’kumasulira kwa malamulo alamulo. Ngakhale kuti bwalo lapamwamba linasintha mumzera wa Planned Parengtion v. Casene (C.C.C.C.5] ndipo pomalizira pake kukhazikitsa bungwe la Akazi la Jackson Health Organization (222), chiyambukiro cha lamulo la American America. [Opt]

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Mu chigamulo cha "Obergefell v. Hodges, Khoti Lapamwamba linatsutsa kuti okwatirana a kugonana ali ndi kuyenera kwa kukwatirana mu Domezo la Makonzedwe ndi Kutetezera Celaumenti Claus a Indaneti. Chigamulo cha 5-4 chinafuna kuti maboma onse adziŵe maukwati aubwenzi a m'mayiko ena ndi kuchita maukwati okhawo. Chigamulo chinali chimake cha kusintha kofulumira m’chigamulo chapo ndi chigamulo cha lamulo la LGBTQ+ mabungwe a ufulu, kuphatikizapo mlandu wa United States. Windssor (20:3), chomwe chinakantha Chitetezero cha Malamulo. [FL:]

Gideon ndi Wainwright (1963)

[[FLT: 0] Gideon v. Wainwright adakhazikitsa kuyenera kwa kupereka uphungu kwa oimbidwa mlandu oimbidwa mlandu m'milandu ya boma pansi pa Kusintha kwa Sikisi. Clarence Earl Gideon, munthu wosauka amene anagamula kuti alowe m'chipinda cha chigawo, anadziimira yekha pambuyo pa Florida anakana kupereka loya. Khoti Lapamwamba linavomereza kuti boma liyenera kupereka maloya kwa oimbidwa milandu amene sangathe kuwalipira. Chigamulochi chinatsogolera ku ku kulengedwa kwa madongosolo a boma otetezera anthu kuzungulira dziko lonse ndipo chinasintha njira yoweruza milandu. Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za Gideoni. Winwright on Oyez. [FLT:]

Mavuto Amene Khoti Linakumana Nawo Komanso Mmene Linakhudzira Kusintha Zinthu

Ngakhale kuti makhoti ali ndi njira zamphamvu zosinthira malamulo, iwo amakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu zimene zingawalepheretse kugwira ntchito bwino.

Kudziimira Pawokha pa Chiweruzo Kuli Pangozi

Chigamulo cha boma chodziimira palokha nchofunika kuti pakhale zosankha zopanda tsankho, koma chikuvutitsidwa kwambiri. Kuukira oweruza kwa ndale, kuyesa kukhazikitsa makhoti, ndi kukhazikitsa mabwalo ankhondo kumene kumakhala kogaŵanitsa anthu, zonsezo zimafooketsa anthu. Makhoti akaonedwa ngati oonetsa ndale m’malo mwa kukhala auchete, mphamvu yawo yopangitsa kuti anthu asagwirizane ndi boma koma kuti asinthe zinthu mwalamulo. M'mayiko ena, ufulu wa zalamulo umasokonezedwa mwachindunji mwa kuchotsa oweruza kapena kukana kutsata malamulo a khoti.

Zopinga za Chilungamo

Kuphwanya malamulo n’kokwera mtengo. Maloya, malipiro a misonkho, kutulukira, ndi kuwonjezera chikalata chochonderera zingatayitse makumi zikwi kapena mamiliyoni a madola. Anthu ambiri amene akuyang'anizana ndi kuswa ufulu wa anthu sangathe kubweretsa mlandu. Pamene kuli kwakuti makampani a chiwongola dzanja la anthu, mabungwe a zachithandizo, ndi maprogramu a probono amathandiza kudzaza mpatawo, iwo sangakwanitse kukwaniritsa zofuna zonse. Chotsatira nchakuti malamulo ambiri osalungama amalephera kuperekedwa kwa zaka chifukwa palibe amene ali ndi chuma cha kukonzanso malamulo.

Kudalira Anthu

Kudalirana kwa anthu pa milandu kwachepa m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo United States. Pamene mbali yaikulu ya anthu aona makhoti kukhala okondera, osayenerera, kapena osaloledwa, mphamvu ya zigamulo zachiweruzo imachepa. Anthu anganyalanyaze kapena kukana malamulo a khoti, monga momwe zimawonedwa m'zochitika zina za kuchotsedwa kwa sukulu kapena kukwaniritsidwa kwa ukwati. Kumanga ndi kusunga chidaliro cha anthu kumafuna machitidwe oonekeratu, makhalidwe abwino, ochitidwa ndi oweruza, ndi kulankhulana komveka bwino ponena za ntchito ya jadiciary.

Kuyesayesa Kuthetsa Nkhani Zina

Makhoti nthaŵi zina amazengereza kuchita nkhani za ndale zadziko kapena za anthu, akumatchula ziphunzitso zonga funso landale zadziko kapena kuimirira kupeŵa kulamulira pa mayene. Chiletso chachiweruzo chimenechi chingakhale mtundu wa kudziimira, komanso chingasiye mafunso ofunika alamulo osayankhidwa. Ndiponso, makhoti ali olekezera ku mlanduwo; iwo sangafune mokangalika kusalungamitsa zinthu. Mkhalidwe umenewu umatanthauza kuti mavuto ambiri a dongosolo la zinthu safika ku khoti.

Mtsogolo mwa Makhoti Osintha Malamulo

Pamene chitaganya chikupitirizabe kusintha, malire atsopano kaamba ka kusintha kwa lamulo adzabuka, ndipo makhoti adzaitanidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha. Zikhoterero zingapo ziri zothekera kuumba mtsogolo mwa kusintha kwachiweruzo.

Ufulu wa Zaluso ndi Wamakono

Makhoti akulimbana ndi nkhani za malamulo zatsopano zochokera ku luso la zopangapanga: achinsinsi m'nyengo ya kuyang’anira, ukulu wa kulankhula kwaufulu pa makompyuta a za makompyuta, kugwiritsira ntchito luntha popereka chilango chaupandu, ndi zinthu zanzeru m'malo a magetsi. Makhoti onga Carpeent . United States[FLT :1] (2018), imene inafuna chilolezo cha malo a mafoni, imasonyeza mmene makhoti akuyambira kumasuliranso malamulo otetezera a nyengo ya makono ya magetsi. Kuyembekezera masuntrustalo monga ma data, jue, magicke, ndi a a jakimecracy kukweza mafunso ofunika ponena za zoyenera za matelefoni.

Magulu a Anthu ndi Malungo Auchinyama

Mabungwe a zachikhalidwe adzapitirizabe kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kusokoneza anthu. Gulu la Black Live Matter lachititsa kuti apolisi azikhala ndi mavuto komanso kuti asamavutike ndi matenda. Kusintha kwa nyengo kwachititsa kuti boma ndi mabungwe alephere kuletsa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mabungwewa amaphatikiza zigawenga za m’misewu, zofalitsa nkhani zokopa, ndi milandu yokhudza makhoti ndi mabungwe a boma omwe.

Lamulo la Padziko Lonse ndi Kudalirana kwa Mayiko

Makhoti akufunsidwa mowonjezereka kulingalira za zigamulo za lamulo la mitundu yonse ndi makhoti akunja. Malamulo, malamulo amwambo a maiko, ndi zigamulo za makhoti a mitundu yonse zingayambukire kumasulira kwa lamulo m'dziko, makamaka m'madera onga ufulu wa anthu ndi malonda. Kuyendetsa chuma kumatanthauzanso kuti kusintha kwalamulo m'dziko limodzi kungakhale ndi ziyambukiro zowonjezereka kwina, monga momwe ochirikiza ndi ochirikiza amagaŵana njira zachipambano ku malire. Khoti Lapamwamba lapatulikidwa pamlingo umene lamulo lachilendo liyenera kudziŵikitsa lamulo lalamulo, koma mkhalidwe wa kuyang'anizana ndi kulakwa kwa lamulo n’ko n’ngomveka bwino.

Kusankha ndi Kulinganiza

Kupangidwa kwa makhoti, makamaka Khoti Lalikulu, kudzagamulapo malangizo a kusintha kwa lamulo kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Mabishopu ndi makhoma alamulo amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri mapangano achiweruzo kupititsa patsogolo malingaliro. Kuvomereza kwakhala kotsutsana kwambiri, ndipo kuikidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa oweruza a boma kumatanthauza kuti kuikidwa limodzi kungakhazikitse lamulo la mbadwo. Mmene anthu amaonera kuyenera kwa kuikidwa kumeneku ndi kulembedwa kwa khoti komwe kumachititsa kukonzanso.

Kumaliza

Makhoti ndi mabungwe ofunika kwambiri opezerapo chitokoso ndi kusintha malamulo. Mwa kutsutsa malamulo, anicus, ndi chitsenderezo cha malingaliro a anthu, anthu ndi magulu angabweretse malamulo osalungama pamaso pa oweruza ndi kufuna chithandizo. Njirayi ndi kukhazikitsa kudandaula kwa Supreme Court jalation , yocholoŵa, ndi yokwera mtengo, koma yatulutsa masinthidwe alamulo ambiri m'mbiri. Nkhani ngati Brown v. Board ya Maphunziro , [FLT:], .V.V [FLT]

Komabe, komiti yachiweruzo si njira yachilungamo. Mavuto onga ngati kuwopseza ufulu wa chiweruzo, zopinga zoloŵa, ndi kutha kwa kudalirana kwa anthu kukhoza kusintha. Kusintha kwa lamulo kudzera m'makhoti kudzadalira pa mmene mavuto ameneŵa amayendetsedwa bwino ndi mmene makhoti amasinthira ku maluso atsopano, madongosolo a kakhalidwe ka anthu, ndi zisonkhezero za padziko lonse. Kwa aphunzitsi kuphunzitsa maboma, malamulo, kapena boma, ndi ophunzira kuphunzira za malamulo, kuzindikira kugwirizanitsa kwamphamvu kumeneku pakati pa makhoti ndi nyumba za malamulo nkofunika. Kutikumbutsa kuti lamulo siliri lamulo lokhazikika koma dongosolo la moyo limene limafunikira kukhala latcheru, kusamala, ndi kuyendetsa malamulo, ndi nthaŵi zambiri.