Malamulo a United States ndi chigwirizano chovuta pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi boma, kupanga malo a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyambira pamene mudzuka kufikira nthaŵi imene mupita kutulo, malamulo operekedwa pambali zonse ziŵiri amaumba zoyenera zanu, mathayo, ndi maufulu. Kumvetsetsa dongosololi sikuli kokha kwa maloya . Kumapatsa nzika mphamvu ya kuyenda ntchito, nyumba, ndi chitaganya ndi chidaliro.

Maziko a Chilamulo cha America: Miyalo ya Boma ndi Malo a Boma

Malamulo a U.S. amakhazikitsa dongosolo la kachitidwe kaŵiri la boma, kupatsa mphamvu zachindunji ku boma la boma pamene kuli kwakuti kusungilira zotsala ku maboma. Magawo ameneŵa amatanthauza kuti malamulo a boma amagwira ntchito mofanana pa maboma onse asanu, pamene malamulo a boma angasiyane mokulira. Chotulukapo chake ndicho malamulo ogwirizana ndi zonse zimene mumachita kuchokera ku mpweya ku pangano limene mumasaina kaamba ka nyumba yatsopano.

Mmene Malamulo Aunyinji Amafikira Pakhomo Lanu

Malamulo a Federal amachokera ku Congress (Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Oimira) ndipo amasainidwa ndi Pulezidenti. Iwo amasamalira nkhani za ufulu wa dziko, monga ngati ufulu wa anthu, malonda a mayiko, malamulo a malo okhala, ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Malamulo ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amakhazikitsa malire ocheperapo. Nthaŵi zina malamulo angawonjezere zofunika zazikulu, koma sangafooketse chitetezo cha boma. Mwachitsanzo, malipiro a boma ndi $7.25 pa ola limodzi, koma maboma ambiri akhazikitsa ndalama zocheperapo.

Ntchito ya Boma ndi Malamulo Akumaloko

Malamulo a boma amapanga malamulo amene amagwira ntchito m’malire awo, kuphimba madera monga maphunziro, ukwati, malamulo aupandu, kutsatsa malonda a zaumoyo, ndi malamulo a pamsewu. Matauni ndi magawo amawonjezera malamulo ena pa phokoso, kukonza malo, thanzi la anthu, ndi malamulo a malonda a m'dziko. Mabungwe ameneŵa omangidwa amatanthauza kuti anthu aŵiri okhala pambali pawokha pambali pa malire a boma angayang'ane ndi zofunika zalamulo zosiyana kwambiri pa ntchito yomweyi.

Malamulo Aakulu Amene Amaumba Zochita Zatsiku ndi Tsiku

Malamulo akuluakulu angapo a boma ali ndi chiyambukiro chachindunji ndi cha mwamsanga pa moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuwamvetsetsa kumakuthandizani kuzindikira zoyenera zanu ndi mathayo anu m’mikhalidwe yofanana.

Ufulu wa Kuntchito ndi Chitetezo

[[NTL:0] Act ya Ofesi Yantchito (FLSA) [FFLT:1] imalamulira malipiro ocheperapo, malipiro a owonjezereka, ndi miyezo ya kugwiritsa ntchito ana. Ngati mugwira ntchito kwa maola oposa 40 pamlungu kwa bwana wophimba, kaŵirikaŵiri mumakhala ndi ufulu wa kuwonjezera nthaŵi za nthaŵi zonse. [[FLT:]] Kusungika ndi Ulemu wa Thanzi (OSA) kumafuna kuti antchito apereke malo antchito kuntchito kwaulere ku ngozi zodziŵika. Ngati muona mikhalidwe ya uve, mukhoza kukhala ndi kudandaula kwachinsinsi popanda kubwezera. Kuphatikizapo [FOL:] ndi Chiletso cha Zamankhwala (FMLD) [F:] OK] Oyenera kulola antchito kutuluka kwa zaka 12 za kuthaŵa kwa zaka za kusoŵa kwa kuthawa kwa kuthawa kwa moyo, kapena kwa banja. [F6] Omalamulo owonjezereka]

Zitetezero za Ogula

Malamulo a boma amakutetezerani pamene mugula zinthu, kugwiritsira ntchito ngongole, kapena kulipirira nyumba. THWTS mu Chikalata cha Lending (TILA ) amafuna okongola kuvumbula mtengo wa ngongole m’njira yowonekera bwino, yoyenerera mlingo , ikakhala kuti muwona APR pa loni kapena khadi la ngongole, kuti kuwonekera kumachokera ku lamulo la boma. [[FLT:] Fairving Act (FRA) [FLT: 3] imalamulira mmene ngongole imatolera ndi kugawana chidziŵitso chanu; mumakhala ndi lipoti laulerengo kuchokera ku chiwiro chachikulu cha pa chaka chimodzi. [FL:] [FF:]

Ufulu wa Anthu Onse ndi Kusagwirizana

Chikalata cha Chikalata cha ufulu wa anthu cha 1964 chimaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena dziko kumene kunachokera pantchito, malo ogona anthu onse, ndi maprogramu oyendetsedwa ndi boma. Fair Holition Act [[FLT:] Faltion Act imatsimikizira kuti malo otetezera ameneŵa akukhala, ndi mipata ya anthu okhala ndi kupunduka. Malamulo ameneŵa amakuimirani tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha mikhalidwe imeneyi. America ndi ntchito yosagwiritsidwa ntchito (AA) [AFLT:]

Miyezo ya Zachilengedwe ndi Zaumoyo

Act ya Deseat ya mumlengalenga ndi [FLT :2] Act ya madzi oyera , yogwirizanitsidwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), yolamulira kuipitsa kwa mpweya ndi madzi. Malamulo ameneŵa amayambukira kutetezeka kwa mpweya m’tauni yanu ndi madzi obwera kuchokera ku tap yanu. [[FLT:]] Diokima, ndi Cosmetic Act [FLAT:5] amapatsa FDA mphamvu kutsimikizira kuti chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zodzoladzo n’zotetezeka bwino ndi zolembedwa bwino. Nthaŵi iliyonse imene mumatsatira mankhwala oletsa kapena kuŵerenga mankhwala opatsa thanzi, mumapindula ndi kuyang'anira.

Malamulo a Boma Osiyana Kuchokera ku Gombe Limodzi Kukafika ku Gombe

Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi chisonkhezero cha mwamsanga, chowoneka chifukwa chakuti amalamulira zochita zimene mumachita tsiku ndi tsiku m’mudzi mwanu.

Malamulo a Magalimoto ndi Oyenda

Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zoyendetsedwa bwino. Malamulo oyendetsera galimoto, zoletsa kuyendetsa galimoto, zosokoneza, ndi malamulo a oyendetsa njinga zonsezo zimachokera ku mabungwe a boma ndi madipatimenti a m’misewu. Maboma ena amafuna zipangizo zamanja zopanda mafoni pamene akuyendetsa; ena amaletsa foni kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji. Kuchuluka kwa magazi a m'magazi kwa lamulo (BAC) koyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi 0. Kudziwa malamulo a galimoto mu boma lanu ndi boma lililonse n’kofunika kuti mupewe kuyendetsa bwino ndi ngozi.

Maphunziro ndi Ufulu wa Makolo

Maphunziro a boma ndi thayo la boma ndi kumaloko. Maboma amakhazikitsa miyezo ya maphunziro, ziyeso za kumaliza maphunziro, ndi mayeso a ophunzira. Amasankhanso zaka zimene ana ayenera kuyamba sukulu (monga pakati pa 5 ndi 6) ndi zaka zokakamiza zopezekapo (makamaka 16 mpaka 18). Malamulo a boma amakhudza kukambirana, malamulo a sukulu zapanyumba, ndi malamulo a katemera kuti aloŵe m'sukulu. malamulo a maphunziro a National Conference of State Legislatures [1]

Lamulo la Banja ndi Ukwati

Ukwati, chisudzulo, kulera ana, ndi kulera ana ndizo zolamulidwa ndi malamulo a boma. Ziyeneretso za kusudzulana zimasiyana: m'mayiko ena muyenera kukhala kumeneko kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, m'milungu ingapo yokha. Malamulo a ana amatsatira "chikondwerero chachikulu cha mwana", koma amalongosola kuti mosiyana. Maboma a anthu (monga California ndi Texas) amagawa chuma cha ukwati mofanana pa chisudzulo, pamene kuli kwakuti kugaŵira koyenera (nga New York ndi Florida) kumagaŵana molingana ndi mobwerezabwereza. Maukwati a ana amodzi amagaŵikana moyenerera kuzungulira dziko lonse kuyambira pa Khoti Lalikulu. Hodges . .

Ntchito Yochepa Kwambiri

Pamene kuli kwakuti malipiro a boma achepetsedwa ndi $7.25, monga 2025 kuposa 30 akhazikitsa malipiro awo apamwamba koposa, ndi $15 pa ola limodzi. Malamulo a boma amalamuliranso kupuma, nyengo za chakudya, kulipira tchuthi cha matenda, ndi zitsekezo za olembedwa ntchito zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa olemba ntchito aang'ono opangidwa pa malamulo a boma. Mwachitsanzo, California amafuna chakudya chopuma kwa antchito; Texas satero. Maprogramu a boma a inshuwalansi amapereka ndalama zoikizira antchito ochotsedwa, koma phindu ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaŵi yake nkukhala yosiyana.

Lamulo la Upandu ndi Kulandidwa

Malamulo aupandu amazikidwa kwakukulukulu pa boma. Malamulo a mfuti, omwe ali opatuka m'boma lina angakhale olakwika m'dziko lina. Kukhala ndi Marijuana ndi chitsanzo chodziŵika bwino: mwalamulo m'mayiko ena kuti agwiritse ntchito mosangalatsa, kuchotsedwa, ndipo upandu wokhala ndi nthaŵi ya ndende m'malo ochepa. Malamulo a mfuti, nawonso, amasiyana modabwitsa. Maiko ena amafuna kuti alole kutseka, mayeso a kumbuyo a malonda achinsinsi, ndi malamulo ofiira a anthu osonyeza khalidwe loopsa. Ngakhale zolakwa zosavuta ngati jaytwakee zingasamaliridwe mosiyana: ku New York, imakhala yabwino; m'mbali za California, inapangidwa posachedwapa kuti ichepetse kugulitsa mitundu.

Kulandira Malo Ophunzitsira Ntchito za Mabizinesi

Kukhala wometa tsitsi, woimira malo, woyang’anira, kapena womanga amafunikira laisensi ya boma. Zofunika kaamba ka maphunziro, kufufuza, ndi kupitiriza maphunziro zimasiyana ndi boma. Mabizinesi, malamulo a boma, kugwirizanitsa, kusonkhanitsa msonkho, malolezo a kukonza malo, ndi mayeso a dipatimenti ya zaumoyo. Lolejani ya chakudya ku Portland, Oregon, iyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo osiyanasiyana a zaumoyo ndi kulola zofunika kuposa wina ku Miami, Florida. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumakhudza osati kokha amalonda komanso ogula amene amadalira pa akatswiri a zaumoyo kaamba ka mautumiki.

Kugwirizana Pakati pa Malamulo a Boma ndi Boma

Chifukwa chakuti milingo yonse iŵiri ya boma ingathe kulamulira ntchito imodzi, mikangano nthaŵi zina imabuka. Kutengera lamulo la U.S. (Article VI, Claus]) imakhazikitsa kuti lamulo la boma ndilo "Ulamulo wa Dziko," tanthauzo la malamulo amene amatsutsana mwachindunji ndi lamulo la boma. M’kutsatira, lamulo limeneli limaumba mbali zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Chigonjetso: Pamene Lamulo Launyinji Lifalikira

If a state law tries to contradict a federal statute or regulation, courts will strike it down. For example, states cannot legalize the possession of a firearm by a convicted felon if federal law prohibits it, because the federal prohibition preempts. Similarly, state attempts to regulate airline ticket pricing or broadcasting have been preempted by federal authority over interstate commerce. This principle ensures a consistent national framework for issues like immigration enforcement (federal authority) and labeling of food products (FDA rules). However, in many areas—such as environmental protection—states can adopt stricter standards than the federal government because the federal law sets a floor, not a ceiling.

Mphamvu Zogwirizana ndi Magwirizano

Ntchito zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku zimayendetsedwa ndi maboma onse aŵiri panthaŵi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la boma limakhazikitsa malipiro ochepa, koma maboma angawonjezere. Zonse ziŵirizo zimaika misonkho ya ndalama ya ndalama (ya boma ndi maboma ambiri). Mabungwe a lamulo pambali zonse ziŵiri angafufuze ndi kuweruza upandu umodzimodziwo, ngakhale kuti ngozi ziŵiri zimaletsa mayeso aŵiri a mlandu umodzi. M'zaumoyo, ndalama za boma za Medicaid , zotsogolera ku malamulo osiyanasiyana opimira ndi kupindula ndi masheya a boma. Chitsanzo cha kugwiriza ntchito imeneyi nthaŵi zina chimatchedwa "New Federalis" ndi kulola maprogramungwe a zakwake akwawo pamene akugwirizana ndi zolinga za dziko.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Dziko Zowonjezereka

Talingalirani za wantchito amene wavulala pantchito. Miyezo ya Federal OSHA ingafune kuti womlemba ntchito apereke zipangizo zotetezera. Malamulo a boma obwezera amapereka mapindu a ndalama za mankhwala ndi malipiro otayika, koma mlingo wopindulitsa umasiyana. Wolemba ntchito ayenera kugwirizana ndi zonse ziŵiri. Kapena kutenga kuyeretsa malo: fakitale yotulutsa mankhwala ingaswe lamulo la boma la Ceac Water Act limodzinso ndi malamulo a mtundu wa madzi. Mtengo wa madzi ukhoza kuchitika pamlingo uliwonse, ndipo nthaŵi zina zonse ziŵiri.

Mmene Malamulo Oyendera ndi Boma Amakhudzira Ntchito Zatsiku ndi Tsiku

Kuti tipange konkiri yosaonekayo, taonani mmene dongosolo la zamalamulo limakhudzira nthaŵi zodziŵika patsiku.

M’mawa

Khofi ya mmaŵa imayendetsedwa ndi FDA kuti ikhale yotetezeka. Madzi a pampope yanu amayenderana ndi madzi a EPA. Galimoto yanu yopita kuntchito imamvera liŵiro ndi malamulo a galimoto okhazikitsidwa ndi boma lanu, ndi njira yotulutsa galimoto ndi zonse ziŵiri za boma (EPA) ndi boma (m'jeng'onom., miyezo ya Calybras CalyB). Mafoni a foni amene mumagwiritsira ntchito ali oyenera kuyang'anira malamulo a FCCC amalamulira kutulutsa wailesi ndi 911 a malo olondola. Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a magetsi, amavomerezedwa ndi FDA ndipo angalamulidwenso ndi mabodiregitalation ponena za kutumiza.

Kuntchito

Malipiro anu ayenera kukwanira malipiro a boma ndi ocheperapo. Malamulo a boma anthaŵi yaitali amagwira ntchito. Wolemba ntchito wanu sangakhale wokondera chifukwa cha fuko, kugonana, kapena gulu lina lotetezedwa pansi pa lamulo la boma . ndipo maiko ambiri amawonjezera chitetezo cha mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi chisembwere. Ngati mufuna nthaŵi ya kusoŵa kwa zamankhwala, FMLA ingatetezere ntchito yanu. Ngati malo anu antchito ali owopsa, mungapereke kwa OSA. Kwa antchito akutali, malamulo a boma onena za chakudya amaleka ndi kulipirira tchuthi cha matenda omwe akugwira ntchitoyo.

Kusunga Zinthu Pa Intaneti

Pamene mugula chinthu, malamulo a boma otetezera a boma amafuna kulembedwa bwino ndi kuyesedwa. Malamulo a boma angawonjezere machenjezo ena 65 a California onena za makemikolo. Ngati chinthucho chawonongeka, muli ndi ufulu pansi pa lamulo la boma (Magnoson-Mosrants Warcty Act mect extensies Offices system . Malamulo a boma otsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo otsimikizirika. Malonda a pa Intaneti amayang'anizana ndi chitetezo chofanana ndi cha ogula, koma malamulo a msonkho wa boma asintha kwambiri kuyambira pa malamulo a Supreme Court' Wayir [FLT]] [2017]] chigamulo , chimene chimalola kuti pakhale lamulo la kugula msonkho.

Panyumba

Nyumba zaikidwa mokulira: Fair Howation Act (federal) imaletsa tsankhu; malamulo a boma a kulamulira malo osungirako chitetezo, mawu a rect, ndi njira zochotsera. Malamulo omanga ndi miyezo ya kutetezera moto amaikidwa ndi maboma ndi maboma akwanu. Ngati muli ndi nyumba, misonkho ya katundu imapimidwa pa mlingo wa boma ndi malo akwanu. Ngati mubwereka, ulamuliro wanu wa boma uyenera kudziŵitsidwa za nkhani zokhazikika monga kutentha kapena kutha kwa nyumba.

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Inshuwalansi

Affordible Care Act (federal Act) imapereka ndalama zothandizira za inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ndi kuletsa kuperekedwa kwa mikhalidwe yomwe idakalipo. Oyang'anira inshuwalansi ya boma amayang'anira kugulitsa malamulo, kuvomereza ndalama zoyendetsedwa, ndi kuyang'anira kampani ya inshuwalansi. Kuwonjezeka kwa kampani ya ACA kuli kodzisankhira kwa maboma, chotero kuwona dokotala, kugulitsa mankhwala kumazikidwa pa boma, ndi malamulo ena amasiyana, ena satero.

Kukhalabe Wodziŵa ndi Wothandiza

Popeza malamulo otha kulowana ndi ena amapangidwa mogometsa, kodi munthu wamba angatani kuti apitirizebe kugwira ntchito yake ndiponso ufulu wake?

Dziŵani Ufulu Wanu

Kwa makope a boma monga malipiro ochepa, owonjezera, FMLA, ndi tsankhu, USA. gov tsamba la ntchito limapereka malo oyamba abwino kwambiri. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) imapereka chitsogozo chowonekera bwino pa ngongole ndi kubanki. Webusaiti ya EPA ili ndi chidziŵitso cha boma cha dziko ndi cha dziko logwirizana ndi malo okhala.

Fufuzani Malamulo a Boma Lanu

Malamulo ambiri a boma amafalitsa malamulo awo pa Intaneti, koma njira yosavuta ndiyo kufunafuna malo a boma lanu. Nkhani monga malipiro a boma, malamulo oyendetsera galimoto, ndi ufulu woyenerera kuyendetsa galimoto, kaŵirikaŵiri zimafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi dipatimenti ya boma ya ntchito, magalimoto, kapena nyumba. Mabungwe a zaufulu m’boma lililonse amapereka mafotokozedwe omveka bwino. Malo osafuna phindu monga Nolo.com amapatsanso malangizo a boma pa madera ena.

Fufuzani Akatswiri Othandiza Kuthetsa Mavuto

Pamene malamulo agwirizana .A. akulingalira kuti mukuyambitsa bizinesi yoloŵetsamo kutumiza katundu m’dziko, kapena mukuyang'anizana ndi mkangano wa kusunga ana . Kuweruza loya wokumana nawo m’dziko ndi boma lomwe nlanzeru. Mabungwe ambiri a maofesi amapereka kufunsira kotsika kapena kwaulere. Kwa antchito, dipatimenti ya ntchito ya boma ingayankhe mafunso popanda kupempha loya.

Kusintha kwa Mayeso

Malamulo sasintha. Malamulo a Federal amasintha ndi maulamuliro atsopano; makhoma a boma amapatsira malamulo atsopano chaka chilichonse. Dziŵitsani kuwonjezera kuchokera ku mabungwe oyenerera kapena kukhazikitsa tcheru za mawu ofunika monga "malipiro ochepa kwambiri a [boma lanu]" kapena "Ufulu wapamwamba [boma lanu]. Nthaŵi zambiri nkhani za m'deralo zimakhudza kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo a pamsewu, malamulo a zamalonda, ndi malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a Federal ndi boma amapanga dongosolo lamphamvu, la mbali zonse za moyo wanu . Kudalira pa chisungiko cha mpweya umene umapuma ku kulungamitsa kwa malipiro anu, kuchokera ku galimoto imene mumayendetsa kupita ku nyumba imene mukukhala. Pamene kuli kwakuti kucholoŵanako kungawoneke kukhala kowopsa, kumvetsetsa kugaŵana kwakukulu kwa ulamuliro ndi kudziŵa kumene mungapeze chidziŵitso chodalirika. Mwa kuzindikira malamulo amene ali a boma (aufulu m'dziko lonse) ndi amene ali a boma (amayenda mwa malo), mungathe kugwiritsira ntchito modalira ufulu wanu ndi kukwaniritsa mathayo anu. Kukhalabe wodziŵa sikuli kokha ponena za kuthaŵa mavuto alamulo; sikuli kwa ogwirizana ndi kuloŵetsedwa, nzika yopatsidwa mphamvu m’chitaganya cha anthu odzilamulira.