Vuto la Kukalamba

Pofika 2040, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu anayi ku United Kingdom adzakhala ndi zaka zoposa 65, malinga ndi Office for National Statistics . Kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu kumeneku sikuli kokha chiŵerengero cha anthu; kutanthauza kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo wa m’mizinda. Pamene kuli kwakuti UK walimbana kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi anthu okalamba, kuchuluka kwa achikulire m’mizinda monga London, Manchester, Birmingham, ndi Bristol kumalimbitsa changu. Malo a Urbanburg akulimbana kale ndi kusoŵa pokhala, ntchito zaumoyo, ndi kusungulumwa kwa anthu. Chitsenderezo chowonjezereka kuchokera kwa nduna zaukalamba chimakakamiza nduna za malo aumoyo kubwereranso, mautumiki, ndi mapulanidwe a anthu kuchokera ku dziko lapansi.

Ziyambukiro zachuma nzofunika mofanana. Okalamba amaika zofunika zazikulu pa madongosolo a zaumoyo ndi a zachikhalidwe, zimene zili kale pansi pa mavuto. Koma amabweretsanso zopereka zowonjezereka: anthu ambiri okalamba odzipereka, osamalira adzukulu, ndi kupitirizabe kugwira ntchito panyengo yapansi ya boma. Mayester ayenera kulinganiza zosoŵa za chiŵerengero cha achichepere, okhala m’dziko, ogwira ntchito, kupanga malamulo amene ali oyenera kwa mibadwo yonse.

Maluso Osiyanasiyana Amene UK Meyars Anawagwiritsa Ntchito

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Yatsopano

Nyumba zaubwenzi za nyengo zimadutsa kuposa ziwiya ndi ziwiya za manja. Mayalo ku UK akugwirizanitsa malamulo achilengedwe chonse ku malo a anthu onse, makampani oyendera, ndi ntchito za nyumba. Ku London, Transport ku London yayambitsa mabasi otsika, kulowa kwaufulu pa 80% ya masiteshoni a tubepo (okhala ndi mapulani ofika ku 100%), ndi "Help thnots" amene amagwirizanitsa apaulendo a anthu achikulire ku malo oimapo. Manchester adaika magalimoto oyenda okhoza kudutsa ndi odutsapo kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi opingamira pa jining.

Nyumba ndi malo ena ovuta. Mwachitsanzo, Manchester Age-Friendly Home Strategy, imalamula kuti zopangidwa zatsopano zonse ziphatikizepo chigawo cha nyumba zolinganizidwa "opatsira anthu" . .ng'onong'ono, ziwiya za mlingo umodzi pafupi ndi makampani ndi masitolo. Mayayarver alinso oyenerera nyumba zomwe zilipo ndi ndalama zoperekera kukwera stairbets , zipinda zosungiramo zinthu, ndi luso lapamwamba la zopanga zinthu zimene zingayang'anitsitsa kapena kukumbutsa anthu kuti amwe mankhwala. Kansati ya Thupi la A A Greating Best yasonyeza mmene ndalama zoyendetsera kulowa m'chipatala ndi kuchedwa kwa kusungidwa kwa ma chipatala.

Malo a boma apangidwanso ndi "mapaki a mapaki a mapaki a mashopu" okhala ndi malo opukutirapo, zimbudzi za onse, ndi akasupe a madzi, olinganizidwa kulimbikitsa anthu okalamba kukhala ndi nthaŵi panja. Programu ya Bristol "Imaikapo mawonekedwe a onse", mipando yosalala, kuchotsa zotaika za m’makwalala, ndi kuika mabenchi pa malo a nthaŵi zonse. Kusintha kumeneku sikupindulitsa kokha achikulire komanso makolo okhala ndi zimbudzi, anthu okhala ndi zolemala, ndi aliyense amene amayenda kapena zunguliza.

Kuthandiza Anthu Kusamalira Thanzi Lawo

Mayesi angasonkhezere chisamaliro cha zaumoyo kupyolera m'kugwirizanitsa ndi kudalirana ndi NHS, akuluakulu a boma, ndi mabungwe aufulu. Greater Health and Social Care Parnetshiship, dongosolo lathanzi logaŵanika pansi pa woyang'anira Mayo, lakhala ndi chitsanzo chimene chinagwirizanitsa chisamaliro chachikulu, chisamaliro cha m'mudzi, ndi kupatsidwa ntchito za kakhalidwe. Kugwirizanitsa odwala ndi mautumiki aulimi osakhala aufulu monga magulu a maluwa, makalabu, kapena makwaya a madena a chakudya chamasana, kwasonyezedwa kuchepetsa kusungulumwa ndi kuwongolera zipamba zamaganizo kwa achikulire.

Chisamaliro chapanyumba chikukonzedwanso kuti chigogomezere "kubwezeretsa" nthaŵi yaifupi, chichirikizo chachikulu chimene chimathandiza anthu kupezanso ufulu pambuyo pa matenda kapena opaleshoni, mmalo mopereka kudalira kwanthaŵi yaitali. ku Birmingham, "Suclaice , Lambe Independent" programu imapereka makalasi otetezera, mapendedwe a panyumba, ndi madongosolo a mabwenzi, zimene zimachepetsa 20% ya oloŵa m’chipatala pakati pa ochita opaleshoni.

Kusungulumwa ndi mliri wachinsinsi pakati pa anthu okalamba a m’tauni. Mayester akuthandiza ndi mamaofesi a anthu amene amatumikira monga malo a anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri ogwirizana ndi malaibulale kapena malo ochezera. "Kugwirizanitsa" pulogalamu, mbali ya ndandanda ya Mayor Wer Strategy, odzipereka kupanga telefoni ya mlungu ndi mlungu kapena maulendo apanyumba kwa anthu achikulire, ndipo ndi kuwongolera kwa 30% kwa mbiri yabwino. Mofananamo, Newcastle’s "Ageing Well" imalinganiza magule okhazikika a tiyi, zipani, ndi magulu a mabuku, ndi magulu oyenda mwachindunji kwa anthu oposa 70.

Kulimbikitsa Kuthandizana

Kuthetsa malire pakati pa anthu okalamba ndi chiwiya champhamvu kwambiri chothandizira anthu. Mizinda yambiri ya UK yakhazikitsa njira zothandizirana zomwe zimapanga kugwirizana kopindulitsa. Mu Leeds, "SML R" ntchito ya alangizi achikulire aŵiri ndi achichepere omwe ali pangozi ya kuchotsedwa kwa anthu, kumene opuma pantchito amaphunzitsa kuwotcha matabwa, kuphika, kapena kulima m’malo mwa zipangizo zamakono. Zimenezi zimachepetsa ukalamba ndi kuthandiza anthu achikulire.

Bristol’s "Kugaŵanitsa Miyoyo ya Anthu Okalamba" imakumana ndi anthu achikulire amene amafuna chichirikizo ndi mabanja ang'ono omwe ali ndi chipinda chosungiramo, kukhazikitsa makonzedwe opezera moyo amene amachepetsa kusungulumwa kwa onse aŵiri ndi kupatsa achichepere nyumba zokhoza kugula. Chiwembuchi n’chokwera mtengo poyerekezera ndi chisamaliro cha m'mabungwe ndipo chimachititsa kuti anthu azikhala okhutira kwambiri.

Ku London, "Nthaŵi ndi Matalente" imaika odzifunira achikulire m'sukulu monga othandizira kapena alangizi a mbiri yakale, ndi achichepere m'nyumba zosamalira monga othandiza ntchito. Kupenda kumasonyeza kuwongolera kwa kuŵerenga ndi kudalira ana, pamene kuli kwakuti achikulire otengapo ndemanga akusimba za chifuno chowonjezereka ndi zizindikiro zochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo.

Luso la Umisiri Wosalimba ndi Zothetsera Zochita za Mzinda Wanzeru

Meya wa mzinda wa magetsi akugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono kuti adzichirikize okha. Kuchokera pa malangizo a pa telefoni ndi zipangizo zamakono, luso la zojambulajambula lingathandize anthu okalamba kukhalabe otetezeka ndi ogwirizana. Mu pulogalamu ya "MK Smart" imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku zipangizo zowonongeka ndi m'malo osungiramo zinthu zapakhomo kuchenjeza anthu ngati kusintha kwa moyo wa munthu wa munthu. Nthendayi ikhoza kudwala kapena kulephera kulowa m’mavuto. Pulogalamuyi yathandiza kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda a maganizo, ndipo imawalola kukhala ndi moyo wapanyumba.

Kuphatikiza anthu pa manambala ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Anthu a magetsi a London ndi Manchester athandiza kwambiri anthu achikulire amene aphunzira luso la makompyuta, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amapatsidwa m'madera a anthu omwe ali ndi chidziŵitso chimodzi. Free Wi-Fi m'malo a anthu onse ndi magome apamwamba ochepera amathandiza maulalo a magetsi kugawikana kwa manambala. Komabe, anthu osunga zinthu zachinsinsi ndi zolemba zachinsinsi adakali odera nkhaŵa, ndipo oyang'anira mzinda ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti luso lapamwamba lapamwamba la mizinda likugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi kuonekera kwapamwamba ndi njira zina zosankhidwa.

Kufufuza za Makhalidwe Abwino a M’matauni

Manchester: Mzinda Wogwirizana ndi Nyengo Yathu

Manchester watchedwa kuti ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) Global Age-Friendly City kuyambira 2013. Njira ya mzindawu imayendera malo asanu ndi aŵiri: madera a kunja, zoyendera, nyumba, kuthandizana, ulemu ndi kupezeka pakati pa anthu, kutenga nawo mbali m’boma, ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo. Kupambana kwakukulu ndi "Nyengo za Aighbourth" programu, imene yakhazikitsa malo a zamalonda kumene anthu achikulire amagwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mapaki, mabasi, ndi magalasi ounikira m’misewu m’madera awo.

Kufikira kwaubwenzi kwa Manchester kwapeza zotulukapo zosatsutsika: kugonekedwa m’chipatala kwa opitirira 65% pakati pa 2015 ndi 2019, ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu okalamba osimba zabwino kapena zabwino kwambiri athanzi chowonjezereka panthaŵi imodzimodziyo. Mzindawo unachitanso kampani ya "Age-Friend Business" , kulimbikitsa masitolo ndi mautumiki kuti akwaniritse miyezo yonga ya mamepu owonjezera, magendo ofikirika, ndi maphunziro a antchito ozindikira za matenda a kusokonezeka kwa maganizo.

Bristol: Anthu Ayamba Kukalamba

Bristol adayambitsa njira yake mu 2016 "Ageing Well Bristol", akusumika pa mizati itatu: kudziimira, kugwirizana, ndi chisonkhezero. Mzindawu unachirikiza ntchito yopanga "Ugwirizanitsidwe Ntchito" yozikidwa pa maopaleshoni a GP, amene amagwira ntchito ndi odwala okalamba kupanga mapulani a kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi ntchito. Zimenezi zachepetsa maulendo a GP kwa odwala oposa 65 ndi 22% pochita nawo mbali.

Bristol wayambitsanso "Kusintha kwa anthu achikulire okhala ndi vuto la kuphunzira kapena matenda a maganizo, kuwatheketsa kukhala m’nyumba za banja mmalo mwa kusamalira anthu. "Golden Age" ya mzindawu imapereka ulendo waulere wa mabasi ndi kulowa m'malo a msonkhano a ocheza a anthu oposa 60, kulimbikitsa ntchito yakuthupi ndi kugawana ndi anthu. Zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi "Bristol Dementia Action Alliance," zimene zimaphunzitsa mabizinesi aang'ono, banki, ndi tsitsi kuti zithandize ogula ndi kutaya maganizo.

Liverpool: Kulimbana ndi Anthu Olingana

Liverpool ali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha nthenda ya mtima ndi matenda a shuga pakati pa achikulire mu UK, limodzinso ndi umphaŵi wakuya . Dolopo likonza kuyang'anizana ndi kusalingana kwa thanzi kupyolera m'zochitika za anthu. "Active Aventive 50" programu imapereka maphunziro a maseŵero olimbitsa thupi omasuka kapena otsika m'madera a chitaganya, mapaki, ngakhalenso nyumba za bingo, kuchepetsa malire otero monga mtengo, zoyendera, ndi malo owopsa a maseŵera olimbitsa thupi.

Liverpool adagwiritsiranso ntchito kwambiri mapangidwe a matenda a maganizo m'madera ake onse, kuphatikizapo zilembo zowoneratu, zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, ndi malo opanda phokoso m'malaibulale ndi m'mamyuziyamu. Chotulukapo chakhala kuchepa kwa 12% kwa kugoneka kwa chipatala kwa okalamba m'zaka zinayi zapitazo. Kugwirizana kwa mzindawo "Ageing Better", mbali ya programu ya bungwe la National Big Lottery Fund, kuchirikiza ntchito zaudzu zopitirira 30 zochokera ku kuchirikiza kwa ausinkhuni kufikira ku mayadi a .

Mavuto Amene Olimbana ndi Majedya

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zayenda bwino chonchi, meya amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu. Mabungwe ku England ndi Wales aona kuti ndalama zawo zazikulu zadulidwa ndi 25% kuyambira 2010, pamene anthu achikulire akufunikira chisamaliro. Anthu ambiri a zaka zaubwenzi amadalira pa ndalama zothandizira kapena ndalama zoyendetsera ndege, zomwe zimachititsa kuti kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali kukhale kovuta. Mayar ayenera kuchirikiza ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama kuchokera ku boma lalikulu, kuphatikizapo ndalama zoperekera anthu achikulire “anzanu".

Vuto lina ndilo kugwirizanitsa magulu osiyanasiyana ndi malire a dziko. Zosoŵa za anthu okalamba sizilemekeza malire a ulamuliro: nzika ingakhale m’dziko limodzi koma imayenda m’mizinda kaamba ka chisamaliro chaumoyo, kugula zinthu, kapena maulendo a banja. Majur a m'madera onse aulamuliro, monga ngati Greater Manchester ndi West Midlands, angagwiritsitse ntchito yawo yosonkhezera kugwirizanitsa utumiki wopitira ku mtanda, koma kutsutsa kwa mabungwe akwawo ndi NHS kumakhala kofala.

Kusintha maganizo ameneŵa kumafuna maphunziro a anthu onse ndi utsogoleri kuchokera pamwamba. Mayesi amene amachirikiza kupanga kwaubwenzi amatumiza chizindikiro champhamvu, koma kusintha kwa dongosolo kumatenga zaka zambiri.

Pomalizira pake, vuto la kusowa kwa nyumba limayambukira anthu okalamba kwambiri. Mabanja achichepere kaŵirikaŵiri amapikisana ndi nyumba zosoŵa za banja, pamene kuli kwakuti ‘ nyumba zokhalamo zisadakhale" zokhala m'nyumba zazikulu kwambiri kapena zosayenerera zosoŵa zawo. Kuli kupereŵera kwa nyumba zokhoza kugula, zopeza. Mayesi akukakamizika kupeza nyumba zambiri zaluso koma amayang'anizana ndi kutsutsa kwa NiMBy ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yomanga. Mawonekedwe atsopano onga "kofikitsa" madera a achikulire, kumene nzika zimagaŵana ndi moyo wa mayanjano, akusoŵabe ku UK.

Kuona Zinthu M’tsogolo Moyenera Ndiponso Kuyamba Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, kusintha kwa nyengo n’komwe kumachititsa kuti anthu okalamba azikhala ndi moyo wotentha kwambiri komanso kuti azivutika ndi madzi.

Kugwirizana kwa thanzi ndi chisamaliro cha anthu kudzakula. Bungwe la zaumoyo ndi zachitete ku England posachedwapa limakhazikitsa njira zosamalira zogwirizana zomwe zimagwirizanitsa NHS ndi atsogoleri a boma a m'deralo. Oyendetsa makhonsati a ICS angakakamize kulinganiza bajeti ya zaumoyo yodalira anthu amene ayamba kuteteza okalamba ndi kuthandiza anthu okalamba, m’malo mwa kusamalira chipatala kokwera mtengo.

Kukonzanso kwamakono kudzafulumira, koma kuyenera kutsagana ndi othandizira a mawu, mapulatifomu a zaumoyo, ndi malo a pa Intaneti akupereka maluso ambiri, koma May ayenera kutsimikizira kuti palibe amene watsala. Ena, monga Mayor wa ku West Yorkshire, adayambitsa "Mathikito Ogwirizanitsa" makamaka kwa anthu achikulire, kugaŵira zipangizo ndi kupereka chithandizo chosatha.

Magnostic equition idzakhalabe yolimba pa ndale zadziko. Pamene achichepere a Briton akuyang'anizana ndi nyumba zosatetezereka ndi ziyembekezo za ntchito zopanda pake, ena amatsutsa kuwonongedwa kwa anthu pa mibadwo yakale. Mayalamu ayenera kupanga malamulo aubwenzi monga othandiza kwa onse: misewu yopezeka imathandiza makolo okhala ndi mapram ndi anthu opunduka; kuikizira anthu osamalira anthu kumapangitsa ntchito; maprogramu a maprojekiti amapanga midzi yolimba kwambiri. [[FLT: 0] Thumba la Mfumu lanena kuti mizinda yaubwenzi ndi yokhayokhayokha imakhala mizinda yabwino kwa aliyense.

Kumaliza

Oyang’anira mzinda wa UK akusonyeza kuti utsogoleri wa mzinda ukhoza kuwongolera moyo wa nzika zachikulire. Kuyambira ku malo oyandikana ndi Manchester mpaka ku makompyuta a anthu a Bristol, kuchokera ku bungwe la zaumoyo la Liverpool kusumika maganizo ku maprogramu a kompyuta a ku London, njira zimenezi zimasonyeza zimene zingatheke ngati ndale zadziko zigwirizana ndi mgwirizano. Mavuto a kugaŵa ndalama, kusoŵa kwa nyumba, ndi kutsalira kwa zaka zoyambira kutsogolo, ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la zauchikhalidwe cha anthu a ku London, ndizonse zimene zili zenizeni, koma sizingalephereke.

Kupambana kwa njira zimenezi kumadalira pa kusungitsa ndalama, kuyendera limodzi, ndi kufunitsitsa kumvetsera anthu achikulire okha. Mayeso amene amaona ukalamba monga mwaŵi mmalo mwa kulemera . ndi amene amapangana ndi ukalamba m'mbali iliyonse ya maulamuliro a m’mizinda, akuyala maziko a mizinda imene imagwira ntchito kwa mibadwo yonse. Mpikisano wa WHO udzakhala mzinda waubwenzi kwambiri mu UK ndi ufulu wopambana kwa aliyense amene amatcha malo a kumudziwa. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:] [FLD:] kuti aŵerenge, onaninso [FLD:] , . .WHOLD . . . . . .W.W . . . .AFLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .