Chitsogozo Chofunika Kwambiri pa Mmene Zosankha Zimagwira Ntchito

Zisankho ndizo maziko a democracy yoimira oimira, yopereka njira yolinganizidwa kuti nzika zisankhe atsogoleri awo, zivomereze malamulo, ndi kuti maboma azidziŵerengera mlandu. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo otsimikizirika amasiyana m'dziko ndi dziko, malamulo ofunika amasiyana: ovota, ofuna kubatizidwa, ndi njira zotsatizana zogwirizana kuti zitulukire bwino. Nkhaniyi imapereka njira yokwanira, yotsatira kusweka kwa masankhoti, kuyambira ku kulembetsa komaliza kwa zikalata za zotulukapo, ndipo imafufuza mfundo zofunika zimene zimatsimikizira mmene masankho amagwirira ntchito.

Cholinga cha Kusankha Chikhalidwe

Pamaziko ake, chisankho ndicho njira yopanga chosankha mwalamulo pamene anthu amasankha munthu kukhala ndi ofesi ya boma kapena kusankha funso la lamulo. Chisankho cha Democratic chimadalira pa malamulo angapo amakhalidwe abwino:

  • Suffijeni : Nzika iliyonse yoyenerera iri ndi kuyenera kwa kuvota popanda chiletso chozikidwa pa fuko, chisembwere, chipembedzo, kapena mkhalidwe wachuma (usinkhu ndi zifuniro za kukhala).
  • Ufulu ndi Mpikisano Wabwino : Mabungwe ndi zipani za ndale zadziko ziyenera kukhala okhoza kupereka mapulatifomu awo, ndipo ovota ayenera kukhala ndi chidziŵitso cholongosoka.
  • SECREt Ballot [[FL:1]: Mavoti ayenera kukhala okhoza kuponya mapepala awo popanda kukakamiza kapena kulondalonda, kutsimikizira kukhala kwaumwini ndi kudziimira.
  • Munthu mmodzi, Mmodzi Vote [1]: Chiyambukiro cha wovota aliyense nchofanana ndi cha wina aliyense, popanda munthu wokhala ndi voti yoposa imodzi pampikisano uliwonse (kusiyapo m'zochitika zina ndi kuvotera kolemera).
  • Kuchuluka ndi Kuona padera [1]: Kuŵerengera mavoti ndi zotsatirapo zake kuyenera kukhala kotseguka kuwona, kutsimikizira, ndi kupenda kuti anthu azikhulupirira.

Kumvetsetsa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ameneŵa kumathandiza kumveketsa bwino chifukwa chake mbali iriyonse ya kachitidwe ka chisankho imalinganizidwira mmene chiriri.

Kulembetsa: Njira Yoloŵeramo

Chisankho chilichonse chisanapangidwe, nzika zoyenerera ziyenera kulembetsa kuvota. Sitepe limeneli limatsimikizira kuti awo okha amene amakwaniritsa zofunika za lamulo [1] msinkhu, unzika, ndi malo okhalamo aphatikizidwa pa pepala la votal. Njira zolembera zimasiyana mofala, koma mbali zake zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kusonyeza [[FLT: 1]: Maboma ambiri amafuna nambala ya laisensi ya dalaivala, nambala ya chitetezo cha anthu, kapena sewero lina la boma.
  • Kukumana ndi deti : Kulembetsa kumatha milungu ingapo tsiku la chisankho lisanakwane, ngakhale kuti malo ena amalembetsa tsiku limodzi kapena pa Intaneti.
  • Chilolezo cha malo okhala [1]: Mavoti ayenera kutsimikizira kuti amakhala m'chigawo chimene akufuna kuvota.

Mavuto Amene Anthu Anakumana Nawo Polemba Mabuku a Makampani Olemba Mabuku

Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa nzika zinayi zimene zili ndi udindo wolemba mabuku, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cholephera kulembetsa, mafomu osoŵa, kapena malamulo ena oletsa anthu kuti afike ku mayiko ena.

  • Mwachibadwa Voter Religionation (AVR) : Nzika zodalirika zimalembetsedwa pamene zigwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma (m., Dipatimenti ya Motor Vehicles) pokhapokha zitasankha.
  • Same-Day Ecclinibration : Amalola ovota kulembetsa ndi kuponya chisankho patsiku la chisankho.
  • Kulembetsa [1]: Konzeretsani ntchitoyo mwa ma web otetezeka.

Masinthidwe ameneŵa asonyezedwa kuwonjezera kukwera kwa malo, makamaka pakati pa achichepere ndi a magalimoto. Malinga ndi Brennan Center ya Chilungamo [1], AVR yokha ingawonjezere mamiliyoni a ovota oyenerera ku mipukutu pamene akuyeretsanso zolembedwa zakale.

Mkupiti wa Chisankho: Mmene Opanga Matambula Afikira

Ofuna kulembetsa ndi oyenerera, okonzekera kapena zipani za ndale zadziko amayamba mbali ya ndawala. Kampeni zitumikira monga njira yoyamba yolankhulirana pakati pa ofunsira ndi ovota, kutheketsa kukambitsirana nkhani, malamulo, ndi ziyeneretso zaumwini. Ntchito zazikulu za mkupiti zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kulankhula kwachikomyunizimu ndi zikondwerero [1]: pangano lachindunji ndi ovota m'midzi.
  • Adversing: Mawailesi oulutsira nkhani pa wailesi, wailesi, mapulatifomu a digital, ndi zikwangwani.
  • Mapangano [1]: Kusinthana kwa nkhope ndi nkhope pakati pa oyembekezera, kaŵirikaŵiri otsatsa malonda, kulola ovota kuyerekezera malo mwachindunji.
  • Grasroots kulinganiza : zoyesayesa zaufulu zonga kujambula khomo ndi khomo, kutumiza foni, ndi magalimoto olembetsa.
  • Sactic media ndi kutsatsa [[FL:1]: kusatsa malonda kolinganizidwa, ndawala za ma email, ndi zivomerezo za chisonkhezero.

Kugulitsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Oonera

Ndawala zamakono zimafuna ndalama zambiri. Ndalama zimalipira antchito, kusatsatsa malonda, maulendo, ndi kufunsira. Kuti zitetezere chisonkhezero chosayenerera cha anthu olemera kapena zinthu zapadera, mademokrase ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo a zandandalama amene amafuna kuvumbulidwa kwa zopereka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, U.S. Federal Evolution Commission [[FLF] imakhazikitsa malamulo okakamiza kwa amene angapereke ndi kuchuluka kwa. Komabe, kukwera kwa ma PPAC ndi magulu a ndalama amdima kwakhala ndi malamulo ovuta kuyambitsa mikangano yokhudza kusintha zinthu.

Ntchito Yochititsa Chidwi: Kuchoka Pamalo Oipitsa Kukafika ku Mabokosi Opheramo Nyama

Patsiku la chisankho (kapena mkati mwa nyengo yoyambirira yosankha), ovota olembetsa anaponya mavoti awo. kachitidwe keni ka kuvota kanasintha mowonekera m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, koma njira zazikulu zimagwera m’magulu atatu aakulu:

Kuulutsa Malo Opukutira

Makampani amayenda kupita ku malo opatulira osankhidwa . . . . Ndiponso pali nyumba za boma. Amalandira pepala lokhala ndi pepala (kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta odzitetezera) ndi kuponya voti yawo m'chipinda cha munthu. Mapepala amaikidwa m'bokosi lotsekedwa kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi woŵerenga. Njira imeneyi imakhalabe yofala kwambiri padziko lonse chifukwa chakuti njosavuta, yofanana, ndipo yovuta kusanthula.

Kuchotsedwa ndi Kulandira Makalata

Ofufuza amene sangathe kupita ku malo oonera pa tsiku la chisankho angasankhe kuchotsedwa kapena kuvota. Iwo amapempha chiloti ndi makalata, kumaliza ilo, ndi kubwereranso ndi posita kapena bokosi la thirakiti. Chosankha cha makalata chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makamaka mliri wa CHOVAD-19, ndipo kufufuza kukusonyeza kuti sichimawonjezeka pamene njira zotetezera zonga kusaina zitsimikiziridwa ndi zaunyolo zilipo.

Kuyatsa M’manja Kudakali Pang’ono

Maboma ambiri tsopano amatsegula malo oonerako kwa nyengo yakutiyakuti tsiku la chisankho lisanafike, akumalola ovota kuponya mavoti awo moyenerera.

Kutulutsa Makompyuta ndi Intaneti

Maiko ena, monga Estonia, avomereza kuvota pa Intaneti, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amagwiritsira ntchito makina ovota pa stem zofufuzira. Makompyuta angafulumize kuŵerengera koma amakweza nkhaŵa za kusungidwa kwa Intaneti ndi kuŵerengedwa. Monga chotulukapo, akatswiri ambiri a zaumoyo a masankho amachirikiza mapepala ofufuzira (VLT) [VLT:1] amene amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala opanga zinthu.

Kuŵerengera Maseŵera: Kutsimikizira Kulondola ndi Kusunga Umphumphu

Kuŵerengera mavoti kukamatha, njira zofufuzira zimayamba. Njira zoyendera zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu yake, koma zonsezo ziyenera kukhala zoyendera bwino. Njira zofalazi zimaphatikizapo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kuŵerengera m'manja : Akuluakulu a chisankho (kuchokera ku mabwalo ambiri) amafukula mwakuthupi pepala lililonse. Ili ndilo kujambula kwa nthaŵi koma kuonekeratu kwambiri, makamaka m’mabwalo aang'ono.
  • makina oonera fungo : Mapepala amaikidwa m'ma scanting amene amaŵerenga matom ounding . Makinawo amapanga kuyang'anira, ndipo mavotiwo amasungidwa kaamba ka kuŵerengera kapena kulongosola.
  • Makina ojambula pa kompyuta (DREcordering , magetsi) : Mavoti amasankha pa malo ogwirira ntchito kapena ena ofanana nawo, ndipo mavoti amajambulidwa pakompyuta. Popanda pepala, madongosolo otero amakhala osavuta kulakwitsa kapena kusokoneza.

Pambuyo pa kuŵerengera koyamba, maulamuliro ambiri amayendetsa mapendedwe a chisankho , mmene chitsanzo cha maboloti amayerekezeredwa ndi ziganizo za makina. Mapilo othandiza kuwona zophophonya za maprogramu, makina olephera, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dala. Malinga ndi U.S. Commission , kutsekereza ma programu kumakhala ntchito yabwino padziko lonse.

Kulengeza Zotulukapo ndi Mikangano Yothetsa

Atamaliza kuwerenga, akuluakulu a chisankho amalengeza zotsatira zake.

  • Zotulukapo zoyambilila [1]: Kutulutsidwa pa usiku wa chisankho kapena mwamsanga pambuyo pake, zozikidwa pa mafiliji oyambirira. Izi kaŵirikaŵiri sizimakwanira, monga maposijini ndi mavoloti a ndandanda zingakhale zosakonzedwa mokwanira.
  • Chikalata chachibadwidwe [1]: Mapepala onse alamulo [1] kuphatikizapo ovota ochokera kumaiko akunja ndi aja ofunsidwa pa mavoti . Chikalata chingatenge masiku kapena milungu, kudalira pa ulamuliro.

Nkhani ndi Matchalitchi

Ngati mlingo wa chipambano uli wochepa kwambiri (kaŵirikaŵiri wofotokozedwa ndi lamulo kukhala mavoti 0.5% kapena mazana angapo), kuŵerengera kodzifunira kapena kopempha kukhoza kuchitika. Makalata angakhale a m'manja kapena a makina. M’nkhani zachilendo, oyembekezera kutsutsa chisankho m’khoti, zonena za kusagwirizana, chinyengo, kapena zolakwa. Malamulo angachedwetse chikalata chomaliza, koma kukhazikitsa njira zonga zija zolembedwa m'malamulo a voti.

Mitundu ya Zosankha: Si Zosankha Zongosankha

Sizisankho zonse zimene zili zofanana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatumikira zifuno zosiyanasiyana m’dongosolo la demokrase:

  • Chisankho cha ezambiri . Ochitidwa panyengo za nthaŵi zonse (mt., zaka ziŵiri, zinayi, kapena zisanu) kudzaza mipando m'mapulaneti (monga Nyumba ya Malamulo kapena Nyumba Yachifumu) kapena maofesi a akulu (monga pulezidenti kapena bwanamkubwa). Izi ndizo masankho otchuka kwambiri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chisankho cha Pritation : Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi zipani za ndale zadziko kusankha oyembekezera kusankhidwa kwa onse. Osankha angakhale otseguka (wolembedwa aliyense angakhale ndi phande), kutseka (mamembala a chipani chokha), kapena otsekedwa pang'ono.
  • Zisankho zapadera [1]: Kuitanidwa kudzaza malo amene achitika pakati pa [1] (m., chifukwa cha kuleka ntchito kapena imfa) kapena kugamula nkhani inayake (monga ngati muyeso wa chigwirizano).
  • Referendems ndi Ballot Initiatiatives [1]: mavoti achindunji pa malamulo kapena zisinthiko zalamulo, mmalo mwa oyembekezera. M'maiko ena, nzika zingapereke njira zoyambira pa pepala mwa kusonkhanitsa, kunyalanyaza malamulo.

Mtundu uliwonse wa mavoti umasiyana pang’ono pa malamulo okhudza kuvomerezedwa kwa munthu wovota, ndalama zoyendetsera ganyu, ndi mapulani a mapepala, koma onse amatsatira njira zofanana zovomerezera kuboma, kuvota, ndi kuŵerengera.

Njira Zopangira Malo: Mmene Maute amatembenuzira m’zidutswa

Mmene mavoti amatembenuzidwira m’mphamvu zandale zimadalira pa njira yosankhira yotengedwa.

Kuyamba ■ Past̆thezzi Post (FPTP)

Osankha ena amapambana . Ngakhale kuti amalandira ocheperapo. Otsutsa amanena kuti FPTP ingatsogolere ku zotulukapo zosayenerera, monga ngati magulu okhala ndi chichirikizo chachikulu koma chosakwanira angapeze malo ochepa kuposa amene alandira ovota ambiri.

Kuimira kwa Malamulo (PR)

Pansi pa madongosolo a PR, maphwando amapata mipando mogwirizana ndi mbali yawo yonse ya voti. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lolandira 30% ya voti ya dzikolo likhoza kupeza pafupifupi 30% ya mipando. PR ndi yofala m'mademokrase ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi Latin America. Imachititsa nyumba zomanga nyumba za malamulo zosiyanasiyana, maboma a mgwirizano, ndi kuimira bwino kwambiri malingaliro osiyanasiyana.

Palinso mitundu ina ya zilombo monga:

  • Mixed יMber Proportonal (MMP) [1]: imaphatikiza mipikisano ya chigawo chakwawo ndi mipando yapamwamba (igwiritsidwa ntchito ku Germany ndi New Zealand).
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (m., Ace) Tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito RCV pa masankhoti ena.

Kusintha: Chifukwa Chimene Anthu Ena Safunira

Ngakhale chisankho cholinganizidwa bwino kwambiri chimafooketsedwa ndi wovota wotsika. M'chosankha cha pulezidenti wa United States cha 2020, chivoti chinafika pa 66%, kuzindikiritsa zaka zana . Koma mmodzi wa ovota atatu anatsala. Zifukwa zofala za kusasankha kosakhala 76partipicip zikuphatikizapo:

  • Zopinga zolembetsa : Monga momwe zatchulidwira pamwambapa, njira zocholoŵana kapena zoletsa zingaletse kuvota.
  • Kulephera kukondwerera kapena chiyambukiro chooneka bwino : Nzika zina zimalingalira kuti voti yawo siiri yofunika, makamaka m'madera kumene chipani chimodzi chimalamulira.
  • Zopinga za Nthaŵi [1]: Tsiku la chisankho lingagwe patsiku la ntchito, ndipo osati olemba ntchito onse amalola nthaŵi kuvota.
  • Disensance : magulu ena monga ngati maex hilovol m'maiko ena, anthu osadziwana, ndi awo amene amaonedwa kukhala osagwira ntchito, amaletsedwa mwalamulo kusanthula.

Maufumu ambiri a demokalase ayamba kuchita zinthu zolimbikitsa anthu kuti apite ku malo ena, kuphatikizapo kuvota (Australia, Belgium), kuti tsiku la chisankho likhale holide ya dzikolo, ndiponso kuti anthu ayambe kuvota mwamsanga ndiponso kutumiza makalata.

Kutsimikizira Chisungiko cha Chisankho ndi Umphumphu

Anthu ambiri ayamba kudalira kwambiri masankho chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti kuti apeze njira zothandizira anthu osatetezeka.

  • Mapepala a papepala : Kombani cholembera chakuthupi chimene chingaŵerengedwe ndi kulongosoledwa.
  • Mabungwe opatula oyang'anira masankho : Mabungwe a Non partisan amene amayang'anira magawo onse a ntchitoyo.
  • Malamulo a ID : Ngakhale kuti cholinga chake n’kuletsa kuyerekezera, zimenezi ziyenera kulinganizika ndi ngozi ya kuchotsa ovota alamulo.
  • Kufufuza kwa chisankho : Kufufuza kwa Statistics kutsimikizira kulondola kwa ziŵerengero za makina.
  • Kusintha kwa magulu apanyumba ndi a padziko lonse : Ofufuza angaone kusakhazikika ndi malipoti amene amakulitsa chidaliro cha anthu kapena kusonkhezera zochita zowongolera.

Maboma ambiri amakayikira zoti anthu apanga chisankho chopanga mapepala oonera pa Intaneti koma amapanganso chilolezo chothandiza kuti pakhale chitetezo chosathetsedwa ndiponso kuti pakhale njira zopezera ndalama zopezera ndalama.

Kumaliza: Kufunika Kopitirizabe kwa Kuŵerenga ndi Kuŵerenga

Kuzindikira mmene ntchito ya voti iliri njira yamaphunziro yokha . Ndiyo chofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi phande latanthauzo mu demokrase. Kuyambira panthaŵi imene nzika imalembetsa kutsimikizira zotsatira zake zomaliza, nkhani iliyonse yochirikiza malamulo aufulu ndi oyenera. Pamene madongosolo osankhidwa akusintha kuti athane ndi mavuto atsopano . Kudalira anthu, ndi ndale zadziko, kusoŵa kwa nzika zodziŵa bwino kumakula kwambiri. Mwakudziŵa malamulo, ngozi, ndi kusintha, kukhoza kuchititsa makampani awo kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kuthandiza kutetezera njira ya democracy ya mibadwo yamtsogolo.