Mmene Maulamuliro a Boma Angathandizire Kukonza Zinthu M’kati mwa Dziko Lawo

Kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi maziko a kutukuka kwa chuma ndi utsogoleri wamakono. Kwa akuluakulu a boma . "makampani a kumanga, alembi a zachuma, ndi atsogoleri a boma [1] Kumanga ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe zimenezi ndi imodzi ya njira zapamwamba kwambiri zothandizira kulenga ntchito, kukopa, ndi kuwongolera moyo wa anthu okhala m’dziko. Kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mbali zambiri kuposa gulu la maluwa oyambira, makampani, malabolafiki, makampani a boma, opanga makampani, ndi antchito aluso amene onse apanga, kukonza, ndi kukonzanso malingaliro atsopano. Pamene makompyutawa ayamba bwino, kuchititsa chidziŵitso cha chilengedwe, luso laluso, ndi kukopa chuma chomwe chingasunge malo a makampani ndi malo aakulu a makampani ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zambiri.

Atsogoleri a boma amavutika kwambiri kuti apange zinthu zachilengedwe zokhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera pamwamba, koma angathe kukonza mwadala. Atsogoleri ogwira ntchito bwino amapanga zinthu zimene zimalepheretsa anthu kufufuza zinthu, kupatsa anthu mwayi, ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu opatula amene mwina sagwirizana nawo. Zimenezi zimafunika kuti pakhale dongosolo la zinthu zosiyanasiyana zooneka bwino, kuyendetsa zinthu zapadera, ndiponso kuzindikira bwino zinthu zapadera ndi malo amene dziko lawo lili. Pansipa, timafufuza zinthu zimene zingathandize kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso zochita za boma zikhale ndi makampani.

Kumvetsetsa Njira Zothetsera Vutoli

Zinthu zatsopano monga zamoyo ndi njira yosinthasintha zinthu yodabwitsa kwambiri imene anthu ambiri amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti asinthe zinthu monga zinthu zogulitsidwa, ntchito, ndiponso njira zina.

  • Institutions [FLT :1] – Universities, alabs ya boma, ndi malo ofufuzira odzifunira amene amapanga zopezedwa zazikulu ndi kupereka mapaipi a talente ya maphunziro.
  • Mapangano ndi malungwe [1] – ntchito zoyambirira zimene zimaika moyo pachiswe kutsatsa maluso atsopano, kaŵirikaŵiri akutumikira monga zoyesera zaluso kwambiri kaamba ka kukonza zinthu.
  • Mabungwe Okhala ndi Mapikica [1] – Makampani a m'mitengo amene amapereka malikulu, unyolo, makampani ogaŵira, ndi malonda; amaimitsanso makampani atsopano ndi kupeza kuyamba.
  • Atsogoleri – Angel makampani, makampani a malonda, ndi zida za kampani zimene zimapereka ndalama zofunikira kuwonjezera malingaliro kuyambira ku kutengera anthu ambiri.
  • Gawo ndi Makitso [[FL:1] --A bungwe limene limakhazikitsa malamulo a masewerawo mwa lamulo la chuma cha anthu amaphunziro, zisonkhezero za msonkho, malamulo opezera, ndi ndalama za R&D.
  • Mabungwe a kampani a IP, ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsa antchito.

Zigawo zimenezi sizimayenderana paokha; phindu lake limachokera pa kugwirizana ndi kuulutsa chidziŵitso, likulu, ndi luso. zinthu zachilengedwe zimasonyeza kudalirana kwakukulu, kuyenda kwa antchito pakati pa magawo, ndi kulephera kulimbikitsa malonda otsatizana. Mabwana a boma ayenera kudziona kuti saali omanga chilengedwe, koma monga olima minda ya m’nkhalango amene amadula, madzi, ndi kuwonjezera malo ozungulira kuti zinthu zatsopano zikule bwino.

Mabungwe Otsogolera Boma

Njira zotsatirazi zikuimira njira zotsimikiziridwa zimene akuluakulu a boma angagwirizane ndi nkhani yawo yeniyeni. Palibe njira imodzi yokwanira; mmalo mwake, njira yochitira zinthu mogwirizana ikufunika kuyambitsa njira yodzipangira kuti zinthu zisinthe.

1. Phunzitsani Atsamunda Othandiza

Kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kamodzi ka mabwana a boma amene afunikira kukonza malo atsopano. Malamulo ogwira mtima amachepetsa kutsutsana kwa malamulo, amapatsa mphoto anthu oikamo ndalama za R&D, ndi kuteteza zinthu za anthu odziwa zinthu pamene akulolabe zinthu zamphamvu. Malamulo ofunika amaphatikizapo:

  • .R &D Trusts [[FLT :1] – Thango lokhoza kapena losinthika la zowonongedwa za kufufuza, makamaka za makampani aang'ono ndi apamwamba omwe angakhale opanda chikole cha msonkho. Maboma angapereke ngongole kuchokera ku ngongole ya msonkho ya boma ya R&D koma kuipangitsa kukhala yofikirika kwambiri.
  • Sandbokes zokhala ndi malamulo [1] - kupanga zinthu zosokoneza za kanthaŵi kuchokera ku malamulo ena a zinthu zatsopano kapena mautumiki, makamaka m'zipangizo, tekinoloji ya zaumoyo, ndi mphamvu. Zimenezi zimalola kuyamba kwa mfundo zachilendo popanda kuyang'anizana ndi mtengo wovuta wa kugonjera.
  • [[FLT: 0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Zofuna - Kuika chigawo chimodzi cha mapangano a boma a mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kapena mayambiriro. Zimenezi zimapereka ndalama zoyambirira zimene zingatheketse maluso atsopano ndi kuchepetsa kudalira pa ntchito yaikulu.
  • Active Precies [FLT :1] - Kukhazikitsa kukhala mwini IP wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito boma kupereka ndalama kapena mayunivesite a anthu onse. Maseŵero a IP osonyeza bwino amalimbikitsa ofufuza kutsatsa malonda.

Malamulo ayenera kupendedwa nthaŵi zonse kutsimikizira kuti iwo akhalabe oyenerera ndipo samagwidwa ndi zikondwerero zotsekereza zimene zimaletsa kusokonezeka. Maulamuliro a boma ayeneranso kugwirizanitsa ndi maiko oyandikana nawo kupeŵa “mpikisano wapansi” m'zisonkhezero za msonkho, mmalo mwa kukhazikitsa malo ochirikizadi kaamba ka kusintha kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Kuti Mupeze Zinthu Zothandiza

Kukonzanso zinthu kumafunika maziko amene amathandiza kuti zinthu zizigwirana bwino komanso kuti ziziyenda mofulumira.

  • Broadnbod Access [[FLT :1] [1] - Intaneti Yapamwamba ndi mapombi a chuma cha magetsi. Madziko ayenera kuika zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa malo onse, makamaka m'madera akumidzi ndi osadalirika, kutsimikizira kuti matalente ndi makampani angatengemo mbali kuchokera kulikonse.
  • Mapaki a technology ndi Innovation District [FLT :1] – mabungwe ofufuza, alabbia, oyambitsa, ndi malo a R&D oyenda, zigawo zachuma. Zitsanzo zachipambano zimaphatikizapo North Carolina’s Research Triangle Park Park ndi Boston’s Kendall Square.
  • Kufufuza Kogaŵanika [1] - Investice m'zipatala zapakati [1] monga ma shopu, genomics laboratoriary, ndi maseŵero otsogola kwambiri , amene sanayambe kukhoza kugula. Kupangitsa zimenezi kukhalapo pamtengo wa kugwiritsa ntchito maziko kumachepetsa kwambiri chopinga cha likulu cha zinthu zowonongeka.
  • Kugwirizanitsa kwa kampani [1] - - - - tsimikizira kuti malo atsopano amagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi mabwalo a ndege, njanji, ndi misewu yaikulu kuti athandize kugwirizana ndi kuyenda kwa katundu ndi anthu.

Kuika ndalama zothandizira kukonza zinthu kumafunikira kudzipereka kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi kugaŵana kwa nthaŵi. Maulamuliro a boma angagwiritse ntchito mapangano audindo, kugwirizana kwa anthu onse, ndi ndalama za boma (monga ngati za Economic Development Administration) kuthandizira ntchito.

3. Kupita Patsogolo ndi Maphunziro kwa Palantent

Maboma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri ndiponso zabwino za antchito aluso, kuyambira akatswiri a zinthu zamakono mpaka akatswiri ofufuza za matenda a phyD.

  • STEM Pippline Programs – Service K-12 science , compting joamps, ndi maprogramu a pakoleji popanga zinthu zotsogola, biotechnobynology, ndi kukulitsa maprogramu a programu. Kukopeka msanga ndi ntchito za STEM kungadzutse chidwi cha malonda.
  • Kugwirizana kwa ntchito zoyendetserana [[FL:1] – programu ya Thumba ndi yausilikali zimene zimaika ophunzira m'makampani okonza zinthu zatsopano. Ifemu ya maphunziro a Georgia Tech ndi yothandiza pa benchi ya dziko lonse.
  • Kusintha ndi Kusunga zinthu [1] – Kupereka chikhululukiro, kutumizanso madona, kapena kupuma kwa msonkho kwa omaliza maphunziro m'minda yapamwamba (m’chitsanzo, AI, mphamvu, sayansi yaumoyo) amene amakhalabe m’dziko pambuyo pomaliza maphunziro. Maboma ambiri aona chipambano ndi “kupindula [1] maprogramu amene amayembekezera kulowa m’matalente a chigawo.
  • Kupha ndi Kupha [1] [1] Pamene mafakitale akusintha, antchito afunikira maphunziro opitirizabe. Maprogramu ophunzitsa a boma, kaŵirikaŵiri mogwirizana ndi makoleji ndi mabwana a m'chitaganya, angaphunzitsenso antchito othaŵa kwawo ntchito m'magawo omakula.

Maluso a boma ayenera kupitirira pa maphunziro apamwamba kuti aphatikizepo kuphunzira kwa moyo wonse ndi kukopa anthu padziko lonse.

4. Kupereka ndi Kusunga Ndalama

Kufikira ku likulu ndiko mwazi wa moyo wa kukonza zinthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti likulu la zamalonda laumwini limagwira ntchito m'zigawo zochepa, madera ambiri amavutika ndi mipata yamalikulu yomwe imaletsa malingaliro otsimikizirika kupima. Mabwana a boma angapereke yankho ili:

  • State Venture Capital Funds - Lunganiza ndalama zobiriŵira zimene zimasungidwa mwachindunji pa chiyambi cha steji, kaya monga galimoto lamoto kapena monga ndalama zothandizira makampani a kampani akwanuko. Utah Fund of Funds and Indiana’s 21st Century Research ndi Technology Fund ndi zitsanzo zodziŵika.
  • Kugwirizanitsa Grants ndi SBIR / STTR TS Comment – Kupereka ndalama zofanana kwa makampani amene apambana Sull Business Innovation Research (SBIR) kapena Small Business Transport (STTR). Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti maluwa akwane madola a boma amene mwina angapereke ku maiko ena.
  • Angel Invector and Collemmonding Incentives [1] – Kupereka ngongole za msonkho kwa oikizira aungelo amene amapanga poyambira koyenerera. Maboma ena aona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu m'bizinesi ya stem yachiyambi pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito ngongole zoterozo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Loan Confincicts Programs -Back hoss ku mabanki a malonda ndi makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano amene alibe kulinganiza kapena kuyendetsa ndalama. Zimenezi zimachepetsa upandu kwa obwereketsa popanda kuwonongetsa boma.

Ndalama zoperekedwa ndi anthu onse ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zikhale za anthu okhawo okha, osati kuloŵedwa mmalo. Mabwana a boma ayeneranso kusumika maganizo pa kumanga chitaganya cha opanga ndalama mwa kukhazikitsa zochitika zamphamvu, woikizira joantamp, ndi magawo ogwirizanitsa malo apakati a dziko ndi mwaŵi wa kumaloko.

5. Mangani Zopangapanga Zowonjezera

Kusintha zinthu kumachitika bwino ngati anthu ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana ndiponso mabungwe osiyanasiyana achita zinthu mogwirizana nthaŵi zonse.

  • Kukhazikitsa makampani a malonda, ofufuza, ndi ogwira ntchito m'makampani. Malo ameneŵa ayenera kupereka zipangizo zothandizira, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi madendesi a malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
  • Kuyambika kwa Kagulu ka zinthu --Screen arth grees grees (m' lekuatiso, malo okhala ku Washington, biotech ku Massachusetts) ndi oyendetsa malo operekera malangizo ogwirizana ovuta monga ngati mipata ya macheke kapena kuperewera kwa matalente.
  • Msonkhano wa Industry-Academia - Kulinganiza “zochitika zokhazikika za kujambula". kumene maprofesa amapereka kufufuza kwawo kwa nthumwi za maindasitale ndi oikitsa. Chitsanzo cha Induction Summission cha Texas chakopedwa m'maiko angapo.
  • Mapulogalamu Ogaŵana Ogwirizana [1] - Kulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa madoko a chidziŵitso otseguka amene amalola kuyambika kwa boma, magetsi, ndi chidziŵitso cha zoyendera kupanga mapulogalamu atsopano. Mpikisano wa Big Apps ku New York City unakula mwa njira zodziŵira zotsegulira.

Ntchito ya bwana wamkulu wa boma kaŵirikaŵiri ndiyo kutumikira monga wokhazikitsa, kugwiritsira ntchito kagulu ka ozunza kukhazikitsa masomphenya ndiyeno kubwerera kumbuyo kulola chigawo chaumwini ndi mayunivesite kuphedwa. Mapepala ozungulira anthaŵi zonse ndi olemba mabodza amwambo amathandizira kusungitsa njira yozikidwa pa zosoŵa zenizeni za dziko.

Kuyeza ndi Kudya

Kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe n’kothandiza kwambiri; zimene lero sizingagwire ntchito maŵa. Maboma ayenera kukhazikitsa zizindikiro zotsogolera ndi zosatsalira zopitira patsogolo, monga ngati:

  • Mafuta Opatsa Munthu
  • Likulu la kampani ya kampaniyo linaikiza ndalama m’boma (per GDP)
  • Chiŵerengero cha zotsekereza za yunivesite ndi laisensi zophedwa
  • Ntchito m’makampani apamwamba
  • Kukula kwa Madigiri a STEM kopatsidwa
  • Kupulumuka kwa zaka zoposa 3

Milingo imeneyi iyenera kusimbidwa poyera chaka chilichonse kuti isungidwe kukhala ndi mlandu ndi kudziŵitsa maprogramu. Kuwonjezerapo, akuluakulu a boma ayenera kulinganiza kupenda kwapanja kwa njira zawo zatsopano, kutsatsa zizindikiro zotsutsana ndi maulamuliro a ausinkhu wawo ndi atsogoleri a kukonza zinthu zapadziko lonse. Brookings Institution imapereka kufufuza kochuluka pa kukonza zinthu kwa boma kumene kungatumikire monga chitsogozo.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni Zapadziko

Pamene kuli kwakuti palibe pulani imodzi yoyenerera mkhalidwe uliwonse, zitsanzo zingapo zimasonyeza njira zachipambano zopangira chilengedwe zimene zingasinthidwe:

Kukonzanso kwa Magulu a Anthu a ku California

Silicon Valley ndi Bay Area ndi muyezo wa golidi wa zinthu zachilengedwe, koma malamulo apamwamba a boma okha sanayambitse. Komabe, boma la California lathandiza kwambiri popanga ndalama m'mayunivesite ofufuza anthu onse (Uc Berkeley, UCLA , UC Diego), malo alamulo amene amaimira mapangano osagwirizana (kupanga California kukhala yachilendo), ndi California Institute ya Regenertive Medicine Medicine (CRM), kufufuza kwa boma kokhala ndi pulogalamu ya zinthu zachilengedwe kumene kwachititsa kuti pakhale malo oyenera ndi ofufuzako a zachuma. Boma la boma lathandiza kuti pakhalenso ntchito yokonza dziko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ndi njira zachuma.

Sayansi ya Moyo Yoyamba ku Massachusetts

Mu 2008, Massachusetts adayambitsa mapulani a zaka 10, makampani opanga ndalama zopangira ndalama za moyo zomwe zinachirikiza malo atsopano ofufuzira, kuchirikiza kuyambika kwa makampani opanga zinthu zamoyo, ndi kupereka zosonkhezera za msonkho kwa makampani a zinthu zamoyo. Bomalo linapanganso bungwe lodzipereka la Massachusetts Sciences Center . Chotulukapo: Massachusetts tsopano akutsogolera dziko m'masayansi opanga likulu la moyo pa munthu aliyense ndipo laona kuwonjezereka kwa mayambidwe ndi kufutukuka kwa kampani yaikulu. Chitsanzocho chaphunziridwa ndi kusinthidwa ndi malongosoledwe ngati Colado] chifukwa cha mphamvu zoyera.

Chilumba Chofufuza za M’mabwinja cha ku North Carolina

Pangano la RTP linapangidwa mu 1959, linkagwirizana ndi boma, mayunivesite atatu aakulu (UNC Chapel Hill, Duke, NC , ndi mbali ya anthu wamba . Bomalo linachirikiza paki kudzera m'makampani a zamalonda, kuyang'anira msonkho, ndi maprogramu ophunzitsa antchito. Lerolino, RTP imapanga makampani oposa 300, kuphatikizapo ma station a R&D a IBM, Stencils, ndi GlaxoSmithline . University yafuliza bwino kuphatikizapo chitaganya chomayamba bwino ku Durham, kusonyeza kuti njira yaitali yochitira zinthu, yoleza mtima ingabweze kubwerera kwa anthu.

Kukula kwa Zipangizo za Utah

Utah watulukira monga malo a zasayansi odziŵika monga “Silicon Slopes .". Boma la boma linathandizira mwa kupanga Utah Fund of Fund , imene inaika makampani aakulu odzipereka kukhazikitsa likulu ku Utah. Kuwonjezerapo, kampani ya boma yaubwenzi ndi malo a bizinesi, kuikizira maphunziro a sayansi a kompyuta pa Yunivesite ya Utah, ndi kupangidwa kwa makampani a zaumisiri opanga msonkho zakopa makampani onga Adobe, Qualtrics, ndi Domo. Ofesi ya zachuma ya boma imagwirizana mwachangu ndi makampani a makampani kuti isungirire kupita patsogolo kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kugonjetsa Mavuto Ofala

Kukonza zinthu zatsopano zokhudza chilengedwe n’kovuta kwambiri.

  • Milkyles Politicals [[FLT :1] – Kusintha zinthu kumafuna kudzipereka kopitirizabe m'mabungwe onse. Kuchepetsa zimenezi, mabwana angapange maprogramu alamulo kapena kupanga mabodi odziimira okha, bipartisan kuti ayang'anire zoyesayesa zanthaŵi yaitali.
  • Kusonkhanitsa ma Constract [1] – Panthawi ya kulephera kwa bajeti, maprogramu atsopano angachepetsedwe. Maboma angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zothandizirana, kugwirizana kwa anthu, kapena kupereka chigawo cha ndalama za msonkho kuchokera ku magawo apamwamba kuti atsimikizire ndalama za ndalama.
  • Nkhondo zotchuka [1] - chigawo chonga Bay Areat ndi New York zimachotsa matalente apamwamba kuchokera ku zamoyo zosakhazikika. Maboma ayenera kusumika maganizo pa moyo wabwino, kutayikiridwa kwa moyo, ndi kulembedwa ntchito kwa antchito akutali amene tsopano ali okhoza kusintha malo.
  • Riski ya Kusintha [1] - Kupambana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kungatsekerezedwe ndi maindasitale akale. Maulamuliro a boma ayenera kupenda nthaŵi zonse kuti apeze luso lamakono ndi kulimbikitsa kusokonezeka, ngakhale ngati kungayambitse kuukira anthu ovuta.

Kuvomereza zitokoso zimenezi poyera ndi kupanga njira zosinthira kungawonjezere kuthekera kwa chipambano cha nthaŵi yaitali. National Gurrows Association [1] Imapereka ziŵiya ndi ausinkhu wina ndi mnzake kuti athandize maiko kuphunzira kuchokera ku zokumana nazo za wina ndi mnzake.

Kumaliza

Akuluakulu a boma ali ndi ntchito yothandiza kukonza zinthu zimene zimalimbikitsa kupikisana pa zachuma, kuyambitsa ntchito zapamwamba, ndiponso kuthetsa mavuto ena. Mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo othandizira anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, kulera matalente, kukonza makampani, ndiponso kukonza zinthu zina, angasinthe mayiko awo kuti akhale malo abwino. Ntchitoyi si yophweka, ndipo ikhoza kutenga zaka zambiri kuti anthu apeze chuma. Koma ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zamakono, zomwe zingasinthe n’kukhala ndi kupikisana kwa mayiko ambiri. Masiku ano, atsogoleri a boma angasinthe mayiko awo kuti ayambe kukonza zinthu zatsopano.