Mawu Oyamba Monga Masomphenya Aakulu

Chiyambi cha Malamulo a United States si kuyambika kwa mwambo. Opangidwa mu 1787 ndi Convention ya Malamulo, mawu makumi asanu ndi aŵiri ameneŵa amatumikira monga kampasi ya makhalidwe ndi ya filosofi ya ku America. Pamene kuli kwakuti Konsichushoni imaika madongosolo a boma, Pregedge imalengeza chifuno cha boma limenelo, kugwirizanitsa makhalidwe ogwirizana amene amagwirizanitsa dziko. Ndi mawu a cholinga, pangano la mayanjano pakati pa olamulidwa ndi boma lawo, ndi chikalata chamoyo chimene chikupitiriza kuumba chizindikiritso cha Amereka.

Kuzindikira mmene Pregedge imasonyezera makhalidwe a ku America kumafunikiritsa kupenda mbiri yake ndi phindu lake lopitirizabe. Olemba mafregiya anali kudziŵa bwino lomwe kuti anali kupanga chinthu chosachitikapo: lipabuliki yokhazikitsidwa osati pa mwazi kapena kuyenera kwaumulungu, koma ndi anthu wamba. Chinenero chimene anasankha (dilibegate, kulakalaka, ndi kusakaniza) chinali cholinganizidwa kukhazikitsa maufumu osiyanasiyana m’dziko logwirizana. Lerolino, mbadwo uliwonse uyenera kuyang'anizana ndi funso lakuti kaya mtunduwo ukukhala mogwirizana ndi mfundo zotchulidwa m'nkhani ya Pregeduction.

Magwero ndi Mbiri

Pregge anaikidwa m'gulu la madesiki mkati mwa nyengo ya mkangano waukulu ndi kulolera. Pambuyo pa kulephera kwa Nkhani za Confederation, zimene zinatulutsa boma lofooka losakhoza kusamalira mavuto a zachuma, mikangano ya mayiko, ndi ziwopsezo zachilendo, nthumwi zochokera ku maboma khumi ndi aŵiri zokumana ku Philadelphia. Zikalata za National Archives [Maligial:] zinalemba [[FLL:1] kuti opanga mabolidi ofunikira mwamsanga kukhazikitsa boma limene likhoza kukhazikitsa ponse paŵiri ulemu ndi kusunga ufulu. Pregay inali pakati pa zidutswa zomalizira zolembedwa ndi Komiti ya Speed, yolembedwa ndi Gouverne Morris, amene anasintha mapulani okongolawo kukhala okongola kwambiri.

Mawu " Ife Anthu "[FLT :1] tinali kuchotsa kosinthasintha kuchokera ku zikalata zoyambirira. Ilo linaloŵa mmalo "Ife United States," kusonyeza kuti Malamulo anatengera ulamuliro wake mwachindunji kwa nzika, osati ku boma. Kusintha kumeneku kunasonyeza kufunika kwa ulamuliro wotchuka wa Amereka . Ndi lingaliro lakuti mphamvu zandale zadziko zikukhala mwa anthu, amene amazitumiza ku boma kupyolera mwa malamulo. Motero Preageing imatumikira monga kukana koonekeratu kwa ufumu, ulemu, ndi mtundu uliwonse wa boma umene umachita nzika monga nzika za nzika mmalo mwa kukhala otengamo mbali.

Mapeto Asanu ndi Umodzi a Boma: Kusanthula Kozama Kokulirapo

Cholinga chilichonse chimasonyeza kuti dziko la America ndi lofunika kwambiri ndipo cholinga chake n’chogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti anthu azikhala mwachilungamo.

Kuti Akhale ndi Chigwirizano Changwiro

Cholinga choyamba chotchulidwa ndicho kupanga mgwirizano umene uli wokwanira kwambiri " kuposa woyambirira wake. Mapilo ameneŵa amasonyeza zolinga ziŵiri zazikulu za ku America: kuwongolera ndi umodzi wopitirizabe. Olembawo sananene kuti anamanga dongosolo langwiro; anavomereza kufunika kwa kuwongolera kopitirizabe. Mawuwo amagogomezeranso kufunika kwa ulamuliro wa boma . Kulinganiza pakati pa ulamuliro wa dziko ndi boma. Mwa kuitana kuti "ungwiro", Pregever imavomereza mfundo yakuti dziko logawanika silingapambane, ndi kuti nthaŵi zina anthu abwino amafuna kupereka nsembe zikondwerero.

Cholinga chimenechi chidakali chofunika m'mikangano ya ufulu wa maboma, ufulu wa anthu, ndi chisungiko cha dziko. Ubwino wa mgwirizano wa ku America sutanthauza kufanana; kutanthauza kusunga dongosolo la malamulo alamulo limodzi pamene kuli kwakuti kuli kosiyana. National Constitution Center imagogomezera kuti mawu akuti "mgwirizano wangwiro kwambiri" agwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi oweruza a Supreme Court, prezidenti, ndi magulu a anthu monga pempho la kufutukula lonjezo la Malamulo kwa Aamereka onse.

2. Kakhazikitsitsani Chilungamo

Trucy iri maziko a nzeru zalamulo ndi makhalidwe a ku America. Mawu olengeza kuti chimodzi cha zifuno zazikulu za boma ndicho kukhazikitsa chilungamo . kutanthauza dongosolo la malamulo amene amagwira ntchito mofanana kwa nzika zonse. Imeneyi njozikidwa pa kulingalira kwa Chipulumutso kwa John Locke ndi Montesquieu, amene anatsutsa kuti chilungamo chimafuna ulamuliro wa lamulo, makhoti opanda tsankho, ndi kutetezera ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha. Pregadge satchula zimene chilungamo chimawoneka m’nkhani iliyonse, koma imakhazikitsa muyezo: lamulo lirilonse, chigamulo chirichonse, ndi kachitidwe ka boma kayenera kuyesedwa motsutsana ndi zofuna kaamba ka chilungamo.

Mitengo ya Amereka ya dongosolo loyenera, chitetezo cholingana pansi pa lamulo, ndi kuyenera kwa kuyesa kolungama zonse kuchokera ku chikole chimenechi. Komabe mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti chilungamo chachitika mopanda ungwiro [1] kuyambira pa atatu ololerana ndi malamulo amakono ku kusiyana kwa dongosolo la milandu. Chilengezo cha Pregegeing cha “kukhazikitsa chilungamo” ndicho mfundo yokhazikitsira mfundo ndi ntchito yosatha. Chimatokosetsa mbadwo uliwonse kufutukula mzera wa awo amene amapatsidwa machitidwe ofanana pansi pa lamulo.

Kuthandiza Anthu Ovutika M’banja

Okonza mafashoniwo anakhalapo ndi moyo kumbuyo kwa Shays’s Reugeption ndi zipanduko zina zimene zinawopseza dongosolo la anthu. Iwo anamvetsetsa kuti chitaganya chokhazikika chimafuna boma kusunga mtendere m'malire ake. Kukhazikika kwa Domestic kumatanthauza osati kokha kusoŵa kwa chiwawa, komanso kukhalapo kwa kugwirizana kwa anthu kumene kungathetsedwe mwalamulo ndi mwamtendere. Zimenezi zikusonyeza chikhulupiriro cha ku America chakuti boma lili ndi thayo la kutetezera nzika zake ku ziwopsezo za mkati mwa dzikolo [1] ziwopsezo zimenezo ndizo zachiwawa, zolinganiza upandu, kapena chipwirikiti chachiŵenga.

Lerolino, phindu la mtendere wa m'nyumba limadziŵitsa chirichonse kuyambira ku kuyang'anira kwapolisi ndi zangozi kufikira ku malamulo a kutsutsa ndi kusungitsa zinthu za boma. Chikukumbutsa kuti kuyenera kwa boma kumadalira pa kukhoza kwake kupereka chisungiko ndi dongosolo popanda kupondereza ufulu. Kulinganiza pakati pa chisungiko ndi ufulu kuli chipwirikiti chosatha m'moyo wa Amereka, ndipo poyambirapo kumapereka maziko a mkanganowo.

4. Muziteteza Anthu Onse

Chitetezero cha nkhondo chimasonyeza kudzipereka kwa dziko la America ku chitetezo cha dzikolo ndi chinjirizo la onse. Pregedge imavomereza kuti dziko lingapulumuke ngati lingathe kudzitetezera lokha kuukira kwachilendo. Mtengo umenewu ndiwo maziko a kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu lankhondo loima, lankhondo ya pamadzi, ndipo pambuyo pake likhale gulu lankhondo, mabungwe a zaluntha, ndi mapangano onga NATO. Mawu akuti "Opezera chitetezo cha onse" amagwiritsira ntchito mwadala liwu lakuti "achidziŵitso" kugogomezera kuti kudzitetezera kuli thayo limodzi, osati mtolo wa boma limodzi kapena dera.

Lingaliro limeneli limalimbitsanso chikhulupiriro cha Amereka mu boma lamphamvu la boma lokhoza kusonkhanitsa chuma kaamba ka chisungiko cha dziko. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, oyambitsawo anali ochenjera ndi magulu ankhondo oima; iwo anaphatikizapo kuyang'anira konga kulamulira kwa asilikali wamba ndi kuchepetsa ndalama za asilikali kwa zaka ziŵiri. Motero Pregge ichirikiza lamulo la chitetezo limene lili lolimbabe kwa anthu.

5. Kulimbikitsa Ubwino wa Zinthu Zonse

Mawu "kuthandiza ubwino wa onse" ndi limodzi la matsutsano aakulu m'lamulo la malamulo a America . Sikutanthauza kuti boma liyenera kutsimikizira ubwino wa nzika iliyonse, koma kuti liyenera kupangitsa mikhalidwe yabwino ku ku chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu. Mtengo umenewu umaphatikizapo ndandanda yaikulu ya zochita za boma: kumanga misewu ndi mabuloni, kuyendetsa malonda, kupereka maphunziro a onse, kutetezera thanzi la anthu onse, ndi kuchirikiza mwaŵi wa zachuma.

Chikalata chachisawawa cha zachitetezo cha boma chatchulidwa kulungamitsa chirichonse kuyambira pa Social Security mpaka pa Affordal Care Act. Osuliza amanena kuti chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kufutukula mphamvu ya boma kupyola malire ake olinganizidwa. Komabe Pregge imapanga kuwonekera kuti chifuno cha boma sichiri kokha choipa (kuletsa khalidwe loipa) komanso kutsimikiza (kusonkhezera ubwino wa chitaganya). Phindu la ku Amereka la thayo la onse . Lingaliro lakuti tiri bwino pamene tipereka chuma chimodzi [1]

6. Sungani Madalitso a Ufulu Wathu ndi Ufulu Wathu

Cholinga chomalizira cha kugwirizanitsa zigwirizano zonse pamodzi: ndicho kutsimikizira madalitso a ufulu" kwa mibadwo yamakono ndi yamtsogolo. Ufulu ndiwo mtengo womaliza wa Amereka . Chikhulupiriro chakuti anthu ali ndi ufulu wachibadwa umene boma liyenera kutetezera. Preggea imalongosola ufulu monga "opanda," akumapereka kuti ndi mphatso ndi udindo. Si chinthu chimene chingaloletsedwe kupatsidwa; chiyenera kusungidwa ndi kuperekedwa.

Mawu akuti "kwa ife eni ndi mbadwa zathu" amayambitsa mkhalidwe wa kanthaŵi: Malamulo saali chabe kaamba ka mbadwo wokhazikitsidwa komanso kwa onse amene amatsatira. Izi zimasonyeza phindu la ku America la udindo(chidziŵitso chakuti timakhulupirira ufulu wathu ndi dziko lathu lolamulidwa ndi ana athu ndi zidzukulu. Ilo limaperekanso thayo la kukonza ndi kutetezera malamulo alamulo mokhazikika ku kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.

Mmene Kupeka kwa Malingaliro Apamwamba kwa ku America Kumakhudzira

Ulamuliro Wachisawawa

Monga momwe kwatchulidwira, mawu oyamba " Ife People" timapanga uchifumu wotchuka kukhala lamulo la maziko la boma la America. Izi zimatsutsa lingaliro lakuti mphamvu imachokera kwa mfumu kapena kwa apamwamba olamulira. Mmalomwake, anthu ndiwo magwero a ulamuliro wandale zadziko. Boma lililonse lovomerezedwa liyenera kutenga mphamvu zake kuchokera ku chivomerezo cha olamulira, chosonyezedwa mwa masankho, mabungwe oimira, ndi malamulo a malamulo.

Kakonzedwe ka Pregedge katsimikizira zimenezi mwa kuika “Ife Anthu” tisanaike ndi kukhazikitsa Malamulo. Anthu ndiwo oseŵera, boma ndi chiwiya. Uku ndiko kutha kwakukulu kuchokera ku malamulo oyambirira, kumene kunayamba ndi zilengezo za ulamuliro wachifumu kapena zilozero kwa Mulungu. M'nkhani za ku America, kachitidwe kokhako ka kuika malamulo ndiko kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ulamuliro wotchuka.

Boma Lokhala ndi Malire Ndiponso Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Mwa kundandalika zolinga zenizeni zimene boma lapangidwa kuti likwaniritse, mawu a mawu a kuseŵeretsa akusonyeza kuti mphamvu za boma zili ndi malire amenewo. Si kuti ndi zoyendera zopanda kanthu; ndizo lamulo logwirizana ndi cholinga cha ku America cha boma lokhala ndi malire.

Lamulo la lamulo limachirikizidwa mowonjezereka ndi kusiyanitsa kwa Maulamuliro, mafufuzidwe ndi malingana, ndi Bill of Rights . Mawu oyamba amafotokoza mawu ake: boma liripo kutumikira anthu, osati njira ina. Kufutukuka kulikonse kapena kugwirizanitsidwa kwa mphamvu ya boma kungayesedwe motsutsana ndi zolinga zonenedwa za Preging.

Kulingana ndi Ufulu Wosalandirika

Pamene kuli kwakuti mawu oyambawo satchula kulingana kapena ufulu, amatchula ufulu ndi chilungamo, zimene zimavomereza kulingana pansi pa lamulo. Chilengezo cha Ufulu, cholembedwa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi Konsichushoni isanabadwe, chinali chitalengeza kale kuti anthu onse anapangidwa olingana ndi okhala ndi ufulu wosasinthika. Pregedge iyenera kuŵerengedwa pa nkhani ino. Lamulo ndi njira yosungira ufuluwo kupyolera mwa boma lololedwa.

Cholinga cha ku America cha kufanana chakula m’kupita kwa nthaŵi . Kuchotsa akazi, anthu ogwidwa ukapolo, ndi eni ake opanda lamulo kufikira pang’onopang’ono kuphatikiza nzika zonse kupyolera m’kukonzedwa kwa malamulo ndi malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe. Chinenero chofala cha Pregeing chimalola kufutukuka kumeneku; icho chimakhazikitsa zonulirapo zimene zingatanthauziridwenso bwino ndi mbadwo uliwonse kuyerekezera bwino lomwe chitaganya chachilungamo.

Ukoma Wachimuna ndi Udindo Wogawana

Mawu oyamba amasonyezanso phindu la ukoma wa anthu . (pamutu pake) lingaliro lakuti nzika zili ndi ntchito limodzinso ndi ufulu. Mwa kulengeza kuti anthu akukhazikitsa Malamulo ndi kutsimikiza kupezera madalitso kwa mbadwa, kuyambitsa kumatanthauza kuti kudzidalira kumafuna kukangalika, kudziŵa, ndi kutomerana ndi nzika. Ufulu suli mphatso imene munthu amangolandira; uli thayo limene liyenera kuchitidwa mwa kusankhira, ntchito ya oweruza, utumiki wa asilikali, nkhani yapoyera, ndi kuloŵetsedwa m’chitaganya.

Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti dziko limene limakhala ndi anthu osasamala za ubwino wa anthu silingakhalepobe ngati anthu ake salabadira zimene anthu akuchita.

Kuyerekezera Zolembedwa Zina Zopezedwa

Mabuku a Pregedge amveketsa ndi kukulitsa aja opezedwa m'malemba oyambirira. Chilengezo cha Ufulu wa Ufulu (177] motchuka chimatsimikizira kuti maboma amapeza mphamvu zawo zolungama kuchokera ku chivomerezo cha olamulira ndi kukhazikitsidwa kuti asungire ufulu wosasinthika. Preggee imatembenuza malamulo ovuta ameneŵa kukhala zolinga za boma zotsimikizirika: kupanga mgwirizano, kukhazikitsa chilungamo, kukhazikitsa mtendere, kukhazikitsa chitetezo, kuchirikiza ubwino, ndi kutetezera. Pamene kuli kwakuti Declaration ikhazikitsa kusintha kutsutsa ulamuliro wankhanza, Preging imapereka pulani yomangitsira kumanga chisungiko, boma lovomerezeka.

Articles of Confederation anali ndi mawu omveka osiyana kwambiri: “Kwa onse amene padzakhala Malowa... Ife Nthumwi zoikidwa za ku United States... tikuvomerezana ndi nkhani zina za Confederation ndi zigwirizano zosatha... [Mgwirizano] imeneyi yasainidwa ndi oimira a boma, osati “anthu. . . Ilo lilibe mphamvu ndipo limalephera kufotokoza masomphenya a mtundu. Lamulolo limawongolera zimenezi mwa kulankhula mwachindunji kwa anthu onse ndi kutchula zifuno za Union m'kukweza, chinenero chosaiŵalilira.

Makalata apambuyo pake onga ngati a Ufulu (1791) ndi Getysburg Address (1883] amalembedwa pa mitu ya Pregistry. Bill of Rights imateteza ufulu wachindunji, kukwaniritsa chitsimikizo cha kusungitsa madalitso a ufulu. Mawu a Lincoln anachonderera “kubadwa kwatsopano kwa ufulu” ndi boma la anthu, kwa anthu, , kubwereza mwachindunji masomphenya a Pregingle of the resource of the qual and Compunity.

Mawu Oyambirira m’Maganizo Amakono

Chiyambi cha nkhani za mbiri yakale si nkhani wamba; chikupitiriza kudziŵitsa nkhani zandale ndi zamalamulo za nthaŵi ino. Oweruza a Supreme Court, opanga malamulo, ndi ochirikiza lamulo nthaŵi zonse amapempha chinenero chake. Mwachitsanzo, mu United States v. Curtiss-Woright Transport Corp. [1936], Jaji Sutherland anatchula mawu oyambira kutsutsana ndi mphamvu za boma zazikulu m'nkhani zachilendo, akumanena kuti “Ufulu wa boma linapangana ndi ulamuliro wadziko. Motsutsana ndi, awo ochirikiza ufulu wa maboma kapena boma loperewera kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'ana ku mpambo wachindu wa Pregistrylands kutsutsa kuti ulamuliro wa boma suyenera kuwonjezera zifunozo.

M'makani onena za zaumoyo, kusamuka, malamulo a zachuma, ndi chisungiko cha dziko, mawuwo “kugwirizanitsa ubwino wa onse” amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala ndi mbali zonse ziŵiri. Ochirikiza maprogramu ofutukuka a kakhalidwe ka anthu amaloza ku ilo monga maziko a lamulo la kachitidwe ka boma; otsutsa akutsutsa kuti ayenera kuŵerengedwa pang’ono, mogwirizana ndi mphamvu zoŵerengedwa za Mfundo I. Pregedge samathetsa mikangano imeneyi, koma amapereka chinenero chofanana ndi mfundo imodzi yofotokoza ntchito yoyenera ya boma.

Magulu amakono a kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi ufulu wa kukonzanso nyengo. Nthaŵi zambiri amapanga zolinga zawo mogwirizana ndi zolinga za Woyamba . Amatsutsa kuti ngati mgwirizanowo ukhale “wangwiro kwambiri,” uyenera kugonjetsa chisalungamo cha dongosolo, ukhoza kukhala wolingana ndi aliyense, ndi ufulu wotetezereka kwa onse. Motero, kuyambika kwa mamembala kumagwira ntchito monga maziko a mbiri ndi njira ya moyo.

Tanthauzo la Maphunziro ndi Kubala

Kumvetsetsa mawu oyamba ndi maziko a maphunziro a boma ku United States. Ana a sukulu amaphunzitsidwa kuloweza, ndipo iko kumawonekera kwambiri m'madzoma achibadwa kwa nzika zatsopano. Makhalidwe ake akukhala ndi ulamuliro wotchuka, chilungamo, mtendere, chitetezo, ubwino, ndi ufulu. Deraclaration traccism ndi limodzi la mapepala otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya ku America.

Mawu oyambitsidwa a Chingelezi amalimbikitsanso kukondetsa dziko lako. Siimakondwerera kulakika m’nkhondo kapena ulemerero wa wolamulira; imasumika maganizo pa malingaliro amene ayenera kukwaniritsidwa mosalekeza.

Kumaliza

Chiyambi cha Malamulo a United States ndi chisonyezero chaluso cha makhalidwe ndi zolinga za Amereka. M’chiganizo chimodzi chokha, chimalengeza uchifumu wa anthu, chimandandalika zifuno zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi za boma, ndi kuchititsa mtunduwo kulondola ufulu ndi chilungamo kosatha. Chilichonse cha mawu ake chimasonyeza zoikizira zazikulu za filosofi zimene zapanga mbiri ya Amereka: ulamuliro wotchuka, boma lokhala ndi malire, ubwino wa anthu, ndi chikhulupiriro m’kupita patsogolo.

Chiyambi sichokhala chachikale koma chitsogozo champhamvu. Chimatokosa mbadwo uliwonse kupanga mgwirizano wangwiro, kukhazikitsa chilungamo, kutsimikizira bata la m’banja, kupereka chitetezo cha onse, kuchirikiza ubwino wa onse, ndi kusungitsa madalitso a ufulu. Izi ndizo zolinga zokhumba, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri mtunduwo wakhala wopereŵera. Komabe chimakumbutsa kuti kuyesa kwa Amereka sikuli kwangwiro, koma kukukalamira. Malinga ngati Malamulo apitiriza, mawu a Pregning adzakhalabe chitsimikizo champhamvu cha amene tili ndi chimene tikukhumba kukhala.