Kudutsa United Kingdom, mameya a metro atulukira monga atsogoleri otsimikiza kuchotsa zoyendera za m’tauni. Udindo wawo pa bajeti ya m'galimoto za kumaloko, njira za ndege, ndi madongosolo a kakonzedwe ka zinthu amawapatsa mphamvu yapadera yosinthira ku magalimoto amagetsi (EV) m’zombo za anthu onse ndi m'manja mwawo. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene malo otchuka akusinthira malo otsimikizirika kukhala zigamulo, kuchokera ku mabasi opanga mabasi ndi magalimoto a bungwe la oyendetsa ndege kuti apange maainjini opereka ndalama zimene zimachititsa kuti aliyense asankhepo.

Ntchito Yabwino ya Oyendetsa Metro m’Mabanja Olera

Maboma a UK a mamejarala, olamulira maulamuliro a mzinda monga Greater Manchester , West Midwands, West Yorkshire, ndi West City County, amachotsa mphamvu za zoyendera, nyumba, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma. Maboma ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kulamulira ndalama za zoyendera za kumaloko, kukhoza kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe ya matola ndi magalimoto olemba ntchito, ndi kusonkhezera kupanga zosankha zoyendetsera zinthu. Chiyambireni ntchito za ameyareyala oyamba adasankhidwa mu 2017, ambiri aika zoyendera zoyera pakati pa mapulani awo a mondala, kaŵirikaŵiri kuyambitsa ziganizo zimene zimaposa zikhumbo za boma la dziko.

Fanizo la meya limagwira ntchito makamaka chifukwa chakuti limagwirizanitsa kugamula kwa akuluakulu ndi kuŵerengera kwa demokalase. Mayester angachitepo kanthu mofulumira, kukhazikitsa mayanjano a anthu onse, ndi kugwirizanitsa akuluakulu ambiri a kumaloko kumbuyo kwa masomphenya amodzi. Kuti atengedwe ndi magetsi, zimenezi zimatanthauza kugwirizanitsa mfundo zoyendera ku malire a magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mabasi a magetsi pamodzi, ndi kutumizirana mauthenga mosasinthasintha kwa anthu okhala m’dziko ndi mabizinesi. Zotsatira zake n’zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mwamsanga kuposa mmene kungakhalire pansi pa ulamuliro wakwanu.

Mafumu a Dziko Lonse ndi Mphamvu za Mayoral

Boma la UK lakhazikitsa chiwopsezo cha dziko lonse kuletsa kugulitsidwa kwa magalimoto a petrole ndi dizilo ndi magalimoto ndi magalimoto mu 2035, ndipo limafuna mabasi onse atsopano ogulitsidwa ku England kukhala ogulitsa kuchokera mu 2025. Komabe, kunyamula kumadalira kwambiri pa ntchito ya kumaloko. Ofesi ya DEAR DEUS imapereka ndalama zothandizira kulipira ndalama za eni makampani ndi ogulitsa ntchito, koma ndi amene amatchula malo ofunika kwambiri ndi kulola kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito kudzera m'mapulani a kumaloko.

Mayter alinso ndi mphamvu zodziŵikitsa Celean Air Zones (CAZs) ndi Low Eugging Zones (LEZs) pansi pa Chikalata cha Environment Act. Malo ameneŵa amalamulira kuti magalimoto akale, oipitsa kwambiri aloŵe m'mizinda, kupanga chisonkhezero champhamvu kwa oyendetsa sitima za panyanja ndi anthu ena kuti apite ku magetsi. Ultra Low Eugging Zone (ULZ) ndi chitsanzo chotchuka kwambiri, koma mizinda monga Birming, Bath, ndi Portsmouth yaloŵanso mu CAZs. May Mey atha kuwonjezera zimenezi ndi njira zosinthira zapasukira ndi ndalama za magetsi kuti achirikize mabizinesi aang'ono ndi nyumba za pansi zimene zimalandidwa.

Ndiponso, UK’s Vehicle Infrastructive Stractive yofalitsidwa mu 2022] imatchula masomphenya a dziko kaamba ka nsonga zofuna kuukira, koma ilo limaitanira molunjika kwa maulamuliro a kumalowo kutsogolera m'kulinganiza ndi kutumiza. Oyang'anira malo, kupyolera mwa maulamuliro awo ogwirizana, amaikidwa bwino kwambiri kuti alinganize zimenezi pamlingo.

Zosankha ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ofufuza

Magalimoto achita ndandanda ya kufalikira kwa zoyendera za m’mizinda ndi kuipitsa mpweya chifukwa chakuti amakhala zitsanzo zakale za dizilo zimene zimapitidwa kwambiri pakati pa mzinda. Chotero a May ayamba kusandutsa mabasi, matekisi, malole a bungwe la ofufuza zinthu, ndi zombo za bungwe. Ambiri aikapo zopimira za anthu, ndipo ena apambana kale.

London – Boma Lougnes ndi Bus Fleet

Mayor wa London, Sadiq Khan, wakhala mpainiya pogwiritsira ntchito malamulo ndi zoikizira kuyendetsa kulera ana a anthu. ULEZ wa ku London, wofutukulidwa mu 2023 kuphimba maboti onse, akulamula mabasi osagwirizana ndi $12.50 patsiku, kuwonjezera kwambiri mtengo wa kuyendetsa dizilo wakale. Molingana, meya wadzipereka kupanga ngalawa zonse za basi za London zoyendera mu 2030. Kuchiyambiyambi kwa 2025, mabasi amagetsi oposa 1,600 akuyendetsa ntchito – sitima zazikulu zotero ku Ulaya – ndi mzinda zikuwonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa mazana ambiri chaka chirichonse.

Galimoto ya London (TfL) imayendetsanso nyumba zomakulakula za magalimoto ogula mofulumira a matekisi ndi magalimoto olembedwa okha, ndi makhonde oposa 2,500 oikidwa mu mzinda wonsewo. Genel Vehicle Infrabrabractive Plan imafuna 400,000 kufikira 600,000 podzafika 2030. Chipambano cha njira ya London yakhala yogwirizana ndi chidziŵitso cholimba, kusonkhanitsa zinthu kwa anthu, ndi cholinga chosasintha cha ndale zadziko.

Zonulirapo za Bungwe Lotchuka la Manchester –

Mayor wa Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, wapanga cholangira kutembenuza magalimoto onse a m'mizinda — kuphatikizapo magalimoto osungiramo magalimoto, mapaki okonza magalimoto, ndi osaka – ku magetsi pa 2025. Great Manchester Advened Authority (GMCA) ikusandutsanso sitima zake za basi, ndi chitsimikizo cha kukhazikitsa mabasi 170 oyendetsa ntchito mu 2026 monga mbali ya Bee Network, dongosolo la mabasi oyenda okongola amene amapatsa nduna za m’ka ndi magalimoto.

Kupanga makampani oyendetsera zinthu kumayendera limodzi. Zoyendera za Greater Manchester zatumiza oyendetsa sitima mofulumira pa foni ndipo zikuthandizana ndi oyendetsa aokha kuika makampani a boma oposa 3,000 pofika 2026. Dokotala wa kampaniyo Drac Eat Plan [[FLM] ] Kuphatikizanso kuchirikiza oyendetsa matakisi osintha ku magetsi, ndi ndalama zopereka ndi chiwongola dzanja zoperekedwa ndi boma la Dipo.

Birmingham – Mpweya Woyera ndi Zamalonda

Birmingham adayambitsa Desiliyo mu 2021 imene imafuna mabasi akale, magalimoto, matekisi, ndi katundu wolemera kuloŵa pakati pa mzinda. Mayor wa West Midwands , Richard Parker (amene analoŵa m'malo a Andy Street mu 2024), adapitirizabe kusungitsa m'malo ena a dizili. West Middlands Drided Authority (WMCA) yasunga ndalama za mabasi amagetsi oposa 1,000, ndipo akutsagana ndi gulu la ogulitsa anthu a m'dziko la [FLD:] Plug-in West In Midwalds .

Zombo zamalonda za Birmingham, kuphatikizapo magalimoto onyamula mapasipoti ndi malole a m’masitolo aakulu, zikuikizidwanso. WMCA imagaŵira makampani kuti aloŵe mmalo mwa magalimoto a dizilo ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi, ndipo imagwira ntchito ndi makampani a magetsi kuika malo osungira katundu. Chokumana nacho cha mzindacho chimasonyeza kufunika kwa kusamalira magalimoto aakulu amalonda, amene amafunikira oyendetsa zinthu amphamvu ndi maluso owonjezereka.

Glasgow – Olandira Mlendo COP26 ndi Kutsogolera ndi Chitsanzo

Glasgow, monga gulu la COP26 mu 2021, inakhazikitsa mikhole yamwambo ya kutchuka ngakhale chiwonetsero cha padziko lonse chisanafike. Bungwe la mzinda linadzipereka kupanga zombo zake zonse zamagetsi pofika 2025, ndipo lasintha magalimoto ake oposa 60%. Mzindawo ulinso ndi cholinga cha kukhala ndi mabasi oyenda ndi mabasi odutsa m'masadakhale onsewo kumapeto kwa 2025, chofunkha chochirikizidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Boma la Scotland Reled On Flets.

Meya (mtsogoleri wa mzinda wa Glasgow, mtsogoleri wa bungwe la bungwe, wachita ntchito m’chigawo cholandirirapo malamulo) wachirikiza kuloŵerera kwa anthu poyera, kuphatikizapo gulu la oyendetsa njira zazikulu za maluŵa ndi m’mapaki a galimoto. Njira ya Glasgow imasonyeza kuti ngakhale mizinda yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zotha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya dziko ingapambane mwa kudzipereka kwa ndale ndi kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a dziko.

Kuchotsa Makina: Kupanga Makina Opangira Makina ndi Kulumikizana kwa Madzi

Ngakhale kuti oyang’anira sitima zapamadzi angaike malo opangira sitima zamagetsi, kupambana kwa zolinga zimenezi kumadalira pa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri. Kumanga kampani yoyendetsera zinthu zambiri ndi imodzi mwa njira zovuta kwambiri ndiponso zodula kwambiri za kusintha kwa EV, zimene zimafuna kukonzekera bwino, kuyendetsa ndalama zambiri, ndi kugwirizana ndi oyendetsa ntchito zogawira (DNOs).

Oyendetsa mayesi atengera njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mabotolo oyendera zinthu. Ambiri akhazikitsa mabotolo operekera katundu opatulidwa , monga ngati gulu la Wience Point Observations kapena Transport for Greater Infrapublicale Unit – kuti athe kugula zinthu, kulinganiza, ndi kutumiza. Mabungwe ameneŵa amagwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso pa kuyendetsa galimoto, kuimika, ndi kutha kwa mizera yapamwamba yodziŵira malo ofunika kwa ogula.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kukwera kwa magetsi a m'derali. Anthu odziwa kutumiza mapulogalamu amagetsi, makamaka amene amatha kutumiza 150 kW kapena kuposa, amafunika kukonza malo amene angatenge miyezi kapena zaka kuti athe. Mayesi tsopano akugwira ntchito ndi DNOS ndi Grid ya National kuti apange njira zolumikizira zosavuta ndi kudziwa malo amene kuli kale ma grip. Ena akufufuzanso malo osungira mabatire ndi tizilombo ta m’deralo kuti achepetse vutoli.

Njira ina yatsopano ndiyo kugwiritsira ntchito zolipirira magetsi, zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito madanga a magetsi a m’khwalala kugaŵira pang'onopang'ono koma oyenerera kwa anthu okhalamo popanda kuima panja. Matauni kuphatikizapo London, Oxford, ndi Leeds ayendetsa luso limeneli, ndi oyang'anira malo ochirikiza kufutukuka kwa mathithi operekedwa. Malo okhalamo anthu akusuliza magawo 40% a UK amene alibe njira yoyendetsera.

Zopinga: N’zokwera Malipiro, Nkhawa, ndi Mabanjalo

Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo, zopinga zambiri zikupitirizabe kuchepetsa kusintha kwa EV m'maboti a m'mizinda ndi zigwirizano. Kukwera mtengo kwa magalimoto amagetsi kukukhalabe kwapamwamba kuposa madizilo olingana, ngakhale kuti ndalama zogulira mafuta ndi kukonza zinthu zimatsika chifukwa cha ndalama zochepetsedwa. Maboma a boma ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira anthu oyendetsa sitima zamagetsi (tsopano atsalabe ndi galimoto zoyendera) ndi ZEBRA (Zopereka Malo a Malo a Malo) ndalama zimene a boma apereka kwa anthu ogula zinthu.

Mantha , kuopa kutha kwa oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi, makamaka otaya malole ndi magalimoto a zangozi amene ali ndi ntchito yofuna kuchitika. Luso la Bhatchi likusintha mofulumira, ndi kutumiza maeV a mbadwo watsopano a makilomita 250 mpaka 400, koma zofunikira za zombozo zingafunikirebe kulinganiza bwino njira. Oyendetsa sitima za m'madzi akulankhula ndi oyendetsa malo osungira katundu ndi kuika oyendetsa zinthu m’njira zoyenerera.

Kupereka tcheni la bhetri ndi kupezeka kwa akatswiri okonza ndi kukonza kukuchitikanso. Akuluakulu ogwirizana akuika ndalama zothandizira ku makoleji akwawo ndi kugwira ntchito ndi opanga kuti apeze mawonekedwe otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] Kusunga Trust [[FLT:] yosagwirizana] imapereka malangizo kwa akuluakulu a boma a m'malowo a njira zabwino zosinthira zoyendera ndege.

Mapindu a Makhalidwe ndi Malo Okhala a Kulandira Ana m’Mizinda

Kuyendetsa galimoto zamagetsi sikumangochepetsa kutulutsa carbon; kulinso kofunika kwa anthu onse. Kuipitsa mpweya, makamaka kuchokera ku galimoto za dizilo, kuli ndi mlandu wa imfa zoyerekezeredwa kukhala 40,000 pachaka mu UK, kumakhudza mosayerekezereka midzi yosoŵa imene kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala pafupi ndi misewu yaikulu. Mwa mabasi otetezera, matakisi, ndi zoyendera za bungwe, malo osungirako zinthu akupitira mwachindunji magwero a kuipitsa kumeneku.

Mpweya woyera umatsogolera ku zochitika zochepera za chifuwa cha mphumu, matenda a mapapo, ndi mikhalidwe ya mtima, kuchepetsa chitsenderezo pa NHS ndi kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa moyo. Kusinthako kumachepetsanso phokoso m’madera a m’mizinda yothina, makamaka m’mabasi ndi m’mabini, zimene zimayamba m’mamaŵa. Makwalala a bata ali ndi mapindu kaamba ka thanzi la maganizo ndi kugona bwino.

Kulera ana amagetsi kungachirikizenso kuchuluka kwa anthu ngati ayang'aniridwa bwino. Oimba a magetsi akufufuza makalabu a galimoto za magetsi m’mudzi, kupereka magalimoto apamwamba, zoyendera zoyera kwa mabanja amene sangathe kugula galimoto yawo. Kuwonjezera apo, kuika malo oyendetsera zinthu m'nyumba ndi nyumba za magetsi kumathandiza kuti anthu okhalamo popanda kuima panja asasiye. Ntchito ya oyang’anira malo m'derali imathandiza kwambiri kutsimikizira mapindu a kusintha kwa DEV kuti agwirizane.

Njira: Mayoral Colturation ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Palibe mzinda umodzi umene ungapambane kusintha kwa EV wokha. Oimba akugwirizana kwambiri kudzera m'mabungwe monga gulu la Metro Mayor ndi gulu la Core Cities, kugawana machitidwe abwino, kupanga zipinda, ndi chidziŵitso. Mwachitsanzo, maulamuliro angapo ogwirizana agwiritsa ntchito mabasi amagetsi, kuyendetsa zinthu pansi ndi kusungitsa mapangano abwino kwa opanga.

Kukonzanso zinthu kukuchitidwanso kudzera m'maprojekiti a oyendetsa ndege. Ku Liverpool City County, meya wayambitsa kuyesa mabomba a hydrogen opangidwa ndi mphamvu ndi makompyuta amagetsi kuti aone kuti ndi luso liti limene lingakhale loyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pofunsira zinthu zapamwamba. Ku West Yorkshire, meya akuchita upainiya “madongosolo oyendetsa zinthu zimene zimayendera magetsi ndi malo ozungulira dzuwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma magetsi osiyanasiyana kwa eni ake.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, oyang'anira akupanganso makonzedwe a kugwirizanitsa magalimoto amagetsi ndi maluwa ochenjera, kulola mabatire a galimoto kusunga mphamvu yowonjezereka ndi kuwapatsa izo panthaŵi ya kukwera kwa chiŵerengero chapamwamba (vihicle-grid, V2G). Kuzenga koyamba ku London ndi Manchester kwasonyeza zotulukapo zabwino, ndipo tsopano oyang'anira malo akukakamizika kaamba ka masinthidwe osintha zinthu omwe angalole akuluakulu a boma kuyang'anira maprogramu a V2G.

Boma la UK lidzipereka ku kutulutsa utsi wa makoka mu 2050, limodzi ndi mlingo wochuluka wa zinthu zofunika, kutanthauza kuti ntchito ya maloya ingokula. Ambiri tsopano akuitana mphamvu zazikulu za magetsi, kuphatikizapo kukhoza kulipira msonkho wa galimoto yakwawo kapena kusunga mbali ina ya ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama za EV. Ngati aloledwa, mphamvu zimenezi zingawonjezere kusinthako.

Oyang'anira mzinda wa UK akutsimikizira kuti utsogoleri wamphamvu, wosumikidwa angagonjetse kuchuluka kwa madongosolo aakulu. Mwakuphatikiza malamulo, kuikizira ndalama, kugwirizana, ndi kukopa, akusintha zombo za m'mizinda, kufutukuka kwa madongosolo, ndi kusonyeza kuti magalimoto amagetsi sali chabe chofunikira cha malo okhala komanso mwaŵi wa mizinda yabwinopo, yathanzi. Chitsanzo chawo chimapereka pulani ya mizinda ya padziko lonse, kusonyeza kuti ndi chifuniro chotsimikizirika cha ndale zadziko, mtsogolo mwa zero magetsi muli pafupi.