Table of Contents

India wakhazikitsa ziŵiya zamphamvu zokhalanso ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka, kulinganiza 500 GW ya mphamvu ya mafuta osatulutsa mafuta owonjezereka pofika 2030 ndi thumbo mpaka 2070. Kukwaniritsa zolinga zimenezi kumafuna kuikizira ndalama zambiri zaumwini, ndipo zisonkhezero za msonkho zatulukira monga chimodzi cha ziŵiya zothandiza kwambiri kuti anthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriŵira. Ngati akonzedwa bwino, njira zimenezi zimachepetsa katundu wokwera mtengo, kuwongolera projekiti ya mkati mwa kubwerera, ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu za kupikisana ndi ntchito za mafuta otsalira pansi pa nthaka.

Nkhani ino imapereka chitsogozo chokwanira cha mmene makampani, okonza maprojekiti, ndi oikizira ndalama angagwiritsirire ntchito ntchito ya msonkho wa India kuti afulumize kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriŵira. Ilo limaphatikiza mitundu yapadera ya zisonkhezero zimene zilipo, njira zothandiza, kuyang'anira zinthu zadongosolo, ndi mapindu aakulu a zachuma ndi malo okhala.

Bungwe Loona za Msonkho: Kuyendetsa Magetsi Abiri A ku India ndi Ntchito ya Okhometsa Msonkho

Gawo la mphamvu ya magetsi la India lomayambitsidwanso lakhala ndi chiwonjezeko chowonjezereka m'zaka khumi zapitazo, losonkhezeredwa ndi malamulo ochirikiza onga National Solar Mission, kupikisana kwa makampani a dzuŵa ndi mphepo, ndi mapangano a boma okonzeka kugula zinthu. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kukukhalabe kovuta. Ndalama zambiri, nyengo zapathupi, ndi ngozi zowonedwa kuti zikufunikira kuloŵerera. Zisonkhezero za Sko za kuwongolera mwachindunji kukongola kwa ntchito zobiriŵira, mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kudalira pa ndalama.

Boma layambitsa mapindu a msonkho pansi pa Inhome Tax Act , 1961, Customs Act, ndi malamulo ena a zaukuru wa boma. Zisonkhezero zimenezi nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zimapendedwa ndi kukonzedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ndalama zomangira mphamvu ndi zipangizo zamakono. Kumvetsa malo nkofunika kuti gulu lililonse lilinganize kuikiza mphamvu zobwezeretsedwa ku India.

Magulu Otchuka a Maboma ndi Malo Opangira Malamulo

  • Kugwirizana kwa mphamvu yatsopano ndi yokhoza kuyambitsidwa (MNRE) [1] [1] - Uminisitala wa m'khomo kaamba ka kupanga malamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu.
  • India Reneunebrable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) [1] [1] [1] [1] Kupereka chithandizo cha ndalama ndi kuthandiza mapindu a msonkho wa ntchito zobwezeretsedwa.
  • [[NT] Central Genetic Reguarity Commission (CERC) – Regural tapt permittes ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu.
  • State Nodal APProctures – kutsanzika ziŵiya za boma zachindunji ndi kutsogolera omanga maprojekiti.

Kuti akonze njira zatsopano, osunga malo ayenera kuyendera nthaŵi zonse pawebusaiti yalamulo [MLT] ndi ndi .UT.]A.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Msonkho Wochitira Ntchito za Magetsi a Maginifomu ku India

India amapereka njira ya msonkho yamitundumitundu yomwe imaphatikizapo ndalama zochepetsedwa, kukwera mtengo kofulumira, kusakhozetsa, ngongole, ndi ndalama zovomerezeka za msonkho. Chisonkhezero chilichonse chimakhala ndi chifuno chimodzi ndipo chingagwirizanitsidwe ntchito. Pansipa pali kupenda mwatsatanetsatane makonzedwe opindulitsa kwambiri.

Kukwera mtengo kwa ndalama kofulumira (AD)

Kukwera mofulumira kwa ndalama kumachititsa makampani kukhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa ndalama zobwezeretsedwa m'zaka zoyambirira za ntchito. Pansi pa Gawo 32 la Inhome Taxis Act, Langu ndi mphepo mapangano a mphamvu ya magetsi anganene kuti atsika pa 40% pamtengo wotsika wa chaka choyamba. Zimenezi zimachepetsa ndalama zimene amalipira m'zaka zoyambirira za ntchitoyi, kuwonjezera kukwera kwa ndalama ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi yolipira. AD imakhala yopindulitsa makamaka kwa makampani amene ali ndi ndalama zambiri zokhometsera msonkho, monga momwe zimasungira misonkhozo.

Chitsanzo: kampani yoika ndalama 7610 m'fakitale ya mphamvu ya dzuŵa ingachepetse kutsika kwa 764 crore m'chaka choyamba, kuchepetsa msonkho wake ndi pafupifupi 761.2 crore (kuwonjezera pa 30% ya msonkho ndi kuwonjezera shurzi ndi masesi).

Kupereka Msonkho M’chigawo 80 - IA

Chigawo 80-IA cha Inhome Tax Act ya Indies Act imapereka tchuthi cha msonkho wa zaka 10 pa mapindu otengedwa ku ntchito za zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo mafakitale a mphamvu yamagetsi okonzedwanso. Maprojekiti okhoza kuperekedwa pa April 1, 1993, ndi March 31, 2026, angapereke ndalama zokwana 100 pa zaka 10 zotsatizana pa zaka 15 zoyambirira za ntchito. Chisonkhezero chimenechi chimapezeka kaamba ka dzuŵa, mphepo, biomas, ndi ntchito za hydro.

Tsogolo la kampani: Suwero la msonkho la zaka 10 lingaperekedwe m'chotsekereza chirichonse cha zaka 10 mkati mwa nyengo yoyamba ya zaka 15. Oyambitsa ayenera kukonzekera mosamalitsa kulinganiza ndalamazo ndi zaka za phindu lapamwamba.

Zipatala za Msonkho (ITC) ndi Zotsatira Zotsatirapo (PLI)

Pamene kuli kwakuti India alibe ngongole yachindunji ya msonkho yofanana ndi ya United States, iye wayambitsa njira ya Universition-Linksion Intentived Intentive (PLI) yothandiza kwambiri mamogule a dzuŵa PV . Pulogalamu ya PLI imapereka zisonkhezero za ndalama zozikidwa pa kupangidwa ndi kugulitsidwa kwa makompyuta a dzuŵa, zomwe zimalepheretsadi kupanga zinthu zapanyumba. Zimenezi zimachepetsapo mtengo wa ntchito za dzuŵa ndi kulimbikitsa kubwerera kumbuyo.

Ndiponso, boma lalengeza makonzedwe a Viability Camming (VGF) kaamba ka mphepo ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kusunga batri, imene, ngakhale kuti si ngongole ya msonkho pa se, imawongolera ntchito ndipo ingagwirizanitsidwe ndi mapindu ena a msonkho.

Kuphonya kwa Miyambo ndi Kuphonya

Kuti lichepetse ndalama zothandizira kukonzanso mphamvu zamagetsi, boma lachepetsa kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zamalonda pa makina obwera kuchokera kunja ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku dzuwa, mphepo, ndi hydro. Mwachitsanzo, mbali zina monga maselo a dzuŵa, tirbine, ndi ma fluvers n’zoyenerera kuti zikhale ndi ntchito yovomerezeka. Komabe, boma lakhazikitsanso ntchito yaikulu pa ntchito yotumiza makompyuta a dzuŵa kuti alimbitse ntchito zapanyumba, kupanga malonda osinthana pakati pa ndalama zogulitsidwa ndi maindasitale a m'mafakitale. Antchito za makampani ayenera kuŵerengera njira zothandizira kutumiza zinthu zowonongeka pa ntchito yamakono.

Kuloŵerera kwa Boma

Mayiko ambiri a ku India amaperekanso zisonkhezero zina za msonkho, kuphatikizapo ntchito ya sitanti yochotsa malo, makampani amagetsi, ndi ma GST pokonzanso magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, Gujarat amapereka 100% ya magetsi yopanda ntchito kwa zaka 10 pa ntchito za dzuŵa ndi mphepo. Rajasthan amapereka 50% ya mphamvu ya magetsi kwa zaka 10 zoyambirira, ndi Karnataka amapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito zazing'ono za dzuŵa. Oyendetsa ntchito zamagetsi ayenera kufunsira malamulo a boma kuti apezenso mphamvu zimenezi.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Msonkho: Mapepala Othandiza kwa Opititsa Patsogolo

Kuti awonjezere phindu la ndalama la zisonkhezero za msonkho, okonza maprojekiti ayenera kutsatira njira yolinganizidwa. Pansipa pali njira yotsogolera yokwaniritsira projekiti, mapepala, ndi kutsatira.

Sitepe 1: Kuyesa Kupambana

Si magetsi onse obiriŵira amene amayenerera chisonkhezero chilichonse. Opititsa patsogolo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti atha kukhala ndi mphamvu pokonzekera.

  • Njira yamakono (magazi, dzuwa, mphepo, mahatchi, ndi mahatchi aang’ono oyenda pamadzi, ndi zina zotero).
  • Deti loika (m'mawindo otchulidwa a Chigawo 80-IA)
  • Kapangidwe ka malo (anzake, kugwirizana, kapena munthu payekha)
  • Malo (zisonkhezero zina nzomvekera bwino m’boma)
  • N’kutheka kuti njira zina zopangira mahatchi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali pamwamba pa 25 MW sizingakwane ndi njira zina)

Kupereka chilolezo cha msonkho ndi luso la mphamvu zokonzedwanso nkofunika panthaŵiyi kuti mupeŵe kusokonezeka.

Sitepe 2: Kulinganiza Ndalama ndi Kulinganiza

Zisonkhezero za msonkho za kuntchito za ndalama zopitira ku pulojekiti yodziŵira mtengo weniweni wa khoti lomwe lilipo (NPV) ndi kukwera mtengo kwa khomo (IR). Kukwera mtengo kwa kampani kwamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, kuli ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu m'zaka zoyambirira, pamene Chigawo 80-IA chimapindula ndi mbali yonse ya ntchito. Msanganizo wokwanira umadalira pa msonkho wa woikizira ndalama. Kampani yamakono yokhala ndi msonkho wapamwamba ingakhale yokonda AD, pamene kuli kwakuti kuikizira ndalama za msonkho (IT) kungapeze chigawo 80-IA kupindulitsa kwambiri.

Mfundo 3: Kulemba ndi Kusunga

Akuluakulu a misonkho ku India amafuna kuti pakhale makalata odalirika ochirikiza mfundo zimene anthu alemba.

  • Chikalata cholembedwa ndi akuluakulu a magetsi
  • Malaibulale a zipangizo ndi makina
  • Ndalama zolipidwa pa ntchitoyo zinapendedwa ndi woŵerengera ndalama
  • Kusunga zolembedwa za zomera poŵerengera mtengo
  • Mapangano a magetsi ogula (PPS) ndi mbiri ya mbadwo wa magetsi

Kulephera kusunga zolembedwa zolondola kungaletse kuchepetsa ndalama zimene amalandira ndi kuchepetsa chilango.

Sitepe 4: Kubwerera Msonkho ndi Kudzinenera Kuti Ndiwo Mapindu

Zisonkhezero za msonkho zimaperekedwa mwa kubwezedwa kwa misonkho. Kukwera mtengo kofulumira kwa ndalama, malo osungira zinthu amapangidwa m'chaka cha kuika zinthuzo, ndipo kukwera kwa ndalama kumaperekedwa pa moyo wa katunduyo. Chigawo 80-IA, ndalama zoikizidwa zimaperekedwa mwa kukonza For 10-CCB limodzi ndi lipoti la kuŵerengera. Chosankha cha m'mafakitale khumi chiyenera kusonyezedwa bwino pobwerera. Pulogalamu ya msonkho ya Levege kapena kutumiza kwa nduna ya msonkho kuti alinganize nthaŵi ya mapepala.

Sitepe 5: Kusintha pa Kusintha kwa Kachitidwe

Lamulo la msonkho la India la mphamvu yobiriŵira limasintha mofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, pa 2023-24 ya bajeti, boma linawonjezera gawo 80-IA pa madeti a ntchito za dzuŵa kukafika pa March 31, 2025, ndipo linayambitsa kutsika kwa mphamvu zina zosungira magetsi. Lizimvani ndi zizindikiro za Central Board of Direct Confect Confect Confect Confect Confect Cosur (CDT) ndi MNRE kuti litenge mipata yatsopano ndi kupeŵa misampha.

Kufufuza za Mlandu: Kugwiritsira Ntchito Msonkho Kowona kwa Dziko Lonse

Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza mmene okonza nyumba agwiritsira ntchito mwachipambano zisonkhezero za msonkho kuwongolera kuthekera kwa ntchito.

Kuphunzira za Siteji 1: Kumera kwa Solar Park ku Rajasthan

Wopanga magetsi wamkulu (IPP) anapanga paki ya MW ya ku Rajasthan 250 ndi mtengo wamalikulu wa 76,200 crore . Mwa kunena kuti ndalama zokwera kwambiri (chaka choyamba) ndi Decle ya zaka 10 80-IA pa phindu, ntchitoyo inathandiza kuti IR ikhale ndi ndalama zokwanira popanda boma.

Phunziro Lachiwiri: Ntchito Yopanga Mphamvu za Mpweya ku Gujarat Yokhala ndi Mapiko a Boma

Wokonza famu ya mphepo ku Gujarat adalemba ntchito ya magetsi ya boma ya zaka 10 yosaloledwa ndi ntchito ya sitanti yovomerezeka pa lendi ya malo, limodzi ndi kukwera kwa ndalama kwapakati. Zisonkhezero za boma zokha zinachepetsa mtengo wa ntchito yapachaka ndi 8%, pamene kuli kwakuti mapindu a msonkho wapakati anafulumira kukwera kuchokera pa zaka 7 kufika pa 5.5. Projekitiyi inalinganizidwa kukhala galimoto yapadera ya kampani ya boma yondandandal , kutheketsa kholo kuchepetsa ndalama za msonkho wopindulidwa ndi ndalama zake zosungidwa kuwonjezera ndalama zopezedwa.

Mapindu Kuposa Kusungidwa kwa Msonkho: Chifukwa Chake Kusonkhezera Kusintha Mphamvu za India

Malamulo olimbikitsa msonkho ankapereka mapindu ambiri amene sakutanthauza a zachuma zokhazokha.

Kutsegula Likulu Laumwini

Mwa kuwongolera kubwezedwa ndi kuchepetsa ngozi, zisonkhezero za msonkho zimakopa oikizira ndalama za boma, ndalama za penshoni, ndi kuikizira kwachindunji kwachilendo (FDI). Indiya analandira ndalama zoposa $14 biliyoni mu FDI m'chigawo cha mphamvu zomayambitsidwanso pakati pa 2020 ndi 2024, mochirikizidwa mwapadera ndi boma lokhazikika la msonkho. Osunga msonkho amaona chitsimikiziro cha msonkho kukhala chinthu chachikulu m'kudzipereka kwanthaŵi yaitali.

Kuchepetsa Mtengo wa Mphamvu Zabiri

Mapindu a msonkho amachepetsa mtengo wa magetsi (LCOE) kaamba ka ntchito zokonzedwanso, kupangitsa iwo kupikisana ndi mphamvu ya malasha. LCOE wa ku India wagwa kale pansi pa 76,5 kwh imodzi, ndipo zisonkhezero za msonkho zathandizira ku kutsika kumeneku ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.

Kulimbikitsa Ntchito Zopanga M’nyumba

Malo a PLI ndi ntchito ya kampani amalimbikitsa kupanga mamodulamu a dzuŵa ndi zigawo za mphepo. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kudalirana ndi dziko, zimapanga ntchito, ndiponso zimalimbitsa ntchito. Opanga nyumba amapindulanso ndi maholide a msonkho popanga zinthu zoyenerera pansi pa Gawo 80-IB kapena zinthu zina zofanana.

Malo Osungiramo Zinthu

Gasi aliyense wobiriwira wochirikizidwa ndi zisonkhezero za msonkho amachotsa malo otentha malasha, kuchepetsa kutulutsa CO2 mpweya, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Kusintha kwa dziko la India kwa mphamvu ya 180 GW (kuyambira 2024) kwapeŵa kale matani oposa 300 miliyoni a CO2 chaka chilichonse. Zisonkhezero za msonkho zimafulumiza chiyambukiro chimenechi mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu mofulumira.

Mavuto ndi Kutha Kukhazikika

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zili bwino, anthu okhoma misonkho amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri popereka ndiponso kupatsa anthu ena zinthu zowalimbikitsa kukhoma misonkho.

Kusintha Kodabwitsa Ndiponso Kosiyanasiyana

Malamulo a msonkho ngocholoŵana, ndipo zisonkhezero kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi ziganizo za kuloŵa kwa dzuŵa, mikhalidwe yowonjezera, ndi zisonyezero zotsatizana ku zigawo zina. Zilengezo za banki zingasinthe kukwera kwa mtengo wa ndalama kapena kuchuluka kwa ndalama . Ntchito ndi mnzawo wamsonkho amene amakonzanso mphamvu ndi kusunga njira yeniyeni ya kayendetsedwe ka nthaŵi.

Kuchedwa Popereka Ntchito ndi Kuvomerezedwa

Zisonkhezero zambiri zagwirizanitsidwa ndi deti la ntchito. Kuchedwa m'kupeza malo, kugwirizanitsa, kapena chiŵiya kungasunthe ntchitoyo kupyola windo losavuta. . . . Mangirani chotchinga m'maprogramu a ntchito ndi kufunsira kaamba ka malamulo a kuyendetsa bwino misonkho ndi Department ya Ndalama ya Mtengo.

Kudana ndi Akuluakulu a Msonkho

Zonena za kukwera kwa mtengo kofulumira ndi Chigawo 80-IA kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsutsidwa. Kutsutsana kungabuke pa kugaŵikana kwa zinthu, kuŵerengera phindu kuchokera ku bizinesi yoyenerera, kapena nthaŵi ya zonena. Mitigation: Sungani zolembedwa zokwanira, kupeza machikwangwani, ndi kulingalira kugwiritsira ntchito “doko lachisungiko” malamulo osinthitsa ngati kuli koyenera.

Kupinga kwa Boma

Zisonkhezero za boma zimasiyana kwambiri ndipo zingapatulidwe kapena kusinthidwa pakati pa chilolezo. Chigamulo: [[FT:1] Kuloŵa m'chidziŵitso (MoU) ndi boma limene limatsegulira zisonkhezero za nyengo ya ntchitoyo ndi kuphatikizapo zigamulo za chigamulo.

Kuyerekezera: Msonkho wa ku India wokhometsa misonkho ndi mapulogalamu a Padziko Lonse

Indiya imafuna kuchepetsa ntchito zamagetsi obiriŵira padziko lonse. Pamene kuli kwakuti United States imapereka ndalama 30% ya msonkho wa ndalama zoikizira ndalama (ITC) ndi chisonkhezero cha ntchito, ndipo maiko a ku Ulaya amapereka chakudya cha mu mapepala ndi mapangano a carbon, 40% ya India yothamanga ndi tchuthi cha msonkho cha chaka ndi 10 imapereka phindu lofanana m'magawo a malonda apamwamba. Komabe, pali malo owongolera: kuyambitsa chilolezo cha msonkho wotayika ndi kupeputsa njira yovomerezera. Opanga malamulo angasonkhetsenso malonda.

Zikalata Zolimbikitsa Opanga Malamulo

Kuti alimbikitse kwambiri mphamvu ya msonkho pa zonulirapo za mphamvu ya magetsi zobiriŵira za India, alangizidwa kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi:

  • Madeti a kulowa kwa dzuŵa ochepekera kwa Chigawo 80-IA ndi kukwera kwa dekshoni kuti apereke chichilikizo cha nthaŵi yaitali.
  • Ndalama ya msonkho yobwezedwa ya oyambira ndi okonza malo otayidwa kutsimikizira mapindu kufikira oseŵera onse.
  • Kugonjera kopepuka [[FLT:] mwa kulola zochepetsedwa zovomerezedwa ndi galimoto pa ntchito zovomerezedwa ndi MNRE.
  • Zisonkhezero za boma zochokera ku mtundu wa chisankho kudzera m'dziko lokhalanso ndi njira zopangira mphamvu yamagetsi.
  • Zikalata zobiriwira za msonkho ndi makonzedwe a malonda angongole a kaboni amene akubwerawo kupanga mitsinje ya ndalama zowonjezereka.

Kumaliza: Lili ndi Mphamvu Yolimba Yothandiza Kupeza Magetsi Oyera M’tsogolo

Zisonkhezero za msonkho zidakali chimodzi cha ziŵiya zamphamvu kwambiri zimene boma la India lili nazo kuti liziyendetsa kukwera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa ntchito zowonjezera phindu la ndalama zokwera, maholide 80-IA, ntchito za pa makampani, kuchotsedwa kwa makampani, ndi kulola boma, okonza zinthu angawongole ntchitoyo pamene akuthandizira kukonzanso mphamvu za dziko ndi zolinga za nyengo. Pamene zinthu zokhwima ndi luso la zopangapanga zikupitirizabe kutsika, ntchito ya misonkhoma idzakhala yothandiza, koma kufunika kwake kwa mabizinesi, ogulitsa zinthu, ogulitsa zinthu, ndi opanga malamulo, kuzindikira ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zimenezi sikuli kokha nkhani yofunika kwambiri pa kumanga nyumba yosungika, mphamvu yamagetsi, ya ku India.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa malamulo a mphamvu amakono okonzedwanso ndi zisonkhezero za zandalama, fufuzani [[FLT: 0] Kusintha kwa Mphamvu Yatsopano ndi Yobwezereka ndi Indiya portal . Kuyang'anira msonkho wa ntchito, gwiritsirani ntchito msonkho woyenerera wokhala ndi luso m'chigawo cha mphamvu ya magetsi.