Table of Contents

Nthambi yaikulu ya nthambi ya boma ya United States ili imodzi mwa mizati itatu ya demokrase ya ku America, ikumagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi nthambi za malamulo ndi zachiweruzo kuti zisunge kulinganizika kwa mphamvu kowopsa kolingaliridwa ndi Abambo Okhazikitsidwa. Mphamvu ya Nthambi Yotsogolera Imene Imapatsidwa kwa Pulezidenti wa United States, amenenso akugwira ntchito monga mutu wa boma ndi Mtsogoleri wa asilikali ankhondo. Nthambiyi imaimira mtima wa boma la boma, wokhala ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito malamulo, kuyendetsa chitetezo cha dziko, kuyendetsa malamulo a dzikolo, kuyendetsa malamulo a kunja, ndi kupereka mautumiki ofunika kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America tsiku lililonse.

Kuzindikira mmene nthambi ya akuluakulu imagwirira ntchito nkofunika kwa nzika iliyonse imene ikufuna kuzindikira mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito. Kuyambira pamene mudzuka ku chakudya chimene mumadya, misewu imene mumayenda, ndi chitetezo chimene muli nacho, nthambi ya akuluakulu a nthambi imakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ku America. Kuphatikiza pa anthu a msilikali wa zida, nthambi ya Unduna wa Aamereka imagwiritsa ntchito anthu oposa 4 miliyoni. Ntchito imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti malamulo a boma akutsatiridwa, ntchito za anthu onse zikuperekedwa, ndipo zinthu za dzikolo zimatetezeredwa ponse paŵiri panyumba ndi kumaiko akunja.

Maziko a Malamulo a Mphamvu Yolamulira

Mfundo II ya Malamulo a United States imakhazikitsa Bank Otsogolera ya boma la boma. Olamulira Vessing Claus, m'Chigawo 1, akupereka kuti mphamvu ya boma ikhale mwa Pulezidenti. Chikalata chimenechi, chopangidwa mu 1787, chinapanga maziko amene akhalapo kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri, kusinthira ku kusintha kwa mtundu womakula ukutsatira malamulo ake amakhalidwe abwino.

Mphamvu yapamwambayo idzapatsidwa kwa Pulezidenti wa United States wa America. Mawu osavuta koma atanthauzo ameneŵa amakhazikitsa Prezidenti monga mkulu wa nthambi yapamwamba, kupereka ulamuliro wapamwamba kwa munthu mmodzi mmalo mwa kuchotsa pakati pa akuluakulu ambiri. Opanga malamulo anapanga chosankha chimenechi mwadala, kufunafuna kukhazikitsa mkulu waulamuliro wamphamvu mokwanira kuchitapo kanthu pamene adakali oŵerengera kwa anthu ndi kukakamizidwa ndi nthambi zina za boma.

Malamulo amandandalika maulamuliro angapo a pulezidenti ndi mathayo. Chigawo 2 ndi 3 chimamasulira mphamvu za pulezidenti ndi ntchito. Chigawo 2, Claus 1 chimafotokoza mphamvu za pulezidenti yekha: ndiko kuti, Mkulu wa ulamuliro Wolamulira, mphamvu yofuna malingaliro olembedwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a madipatimenti a akuluakulu, ndi mphamvu yokhululukira. Maulamuliro ameneŵa amapanga maziko a ulamuliro wa pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti ukulu ndi kumasulira kwa maulamuliro ameneŵa kwasintha mokulira pa mbiri ya dziko.

Kusamalira Claus ndi Udindo Waudindo

Chigawo 3 chili ndi Take Care Claus, chomwe chikufuna Pulezidenti kutsimikizira kuti malamulo aperekedwa mokhulupirika. Mawu ameneŵa amakhazikitsa ntchito yaikulu ya Pulezidenti kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuumiriza malamulo operekedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo, ngakhale pamene Pulezidenti angatsutsane ndi malamulo amenewo.

Take Care Claus ikupanga zonse ziŵiri mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa. Imapatsa Pulezidenti mphamvu ya kuchitapo kanthu kofunikira kukakamiza lamulo la boma, komanso imaletsa Pulezidenti kukana kuswa malamulo kapena kuchita zinthu zosemphana ndi cholinga cha msonkhano. Kulinganiza kumeneku kumasonyeza dongosolo lakufufuza ndi kulinganiza kwa malamulo, kutsimikizira kuti palibe nthambi imodzi imene imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri.

Kupenda ndi Kulinganiza Mphamvu za Olamulira

Nthambi ya nthambi iliyonse imakhala ndi mphamvu zochitira zinthu pa nthambi zina.

Pulezidenti angapereke lamulo lopangidwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Iye angaperekenso ndemanga za atsogoleri a mabungwe a boma ndi oikidwa m'khoti lalikulu. Komabe, maulamuliro ameneŵa si otheratu. Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsimikizira kapena kukana maulamuliro a pulezidenti. Ingachotsenso pulezidentiyo pa udindo pa zochitika zapadera. Kuwonjezera apo, Chilungamo cha Supreme Court chingagwetse malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo a boma.

Macheke ocholoŵana ameneŵa ndi kulinganizika kochititsa chidwi kumatsimikizira kuti pamene kuli kwakuti Prezidenti ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu, mphamvuyo nthaŵi zonse imayang’aniridwa ndi nthambi zina.

Pulezidenti: Mathayo ndi Mathayo

Pulezidenti wa United States ali ndi zimene ambiri amalingalira kukhala malo amphamvu koposa m'dziko. Pulezidenti ali mkulu wa boma, mtsogoleri wa nthambi ya akuluakulu, ndi mkulu wa asilikali a United States. Ntchito zambiri zimenezi zimafuna kuti Prezidenti alinganize mathayo ambiri, kuyambira pa mapwando mpaka pa zosankha zokhudza moyo ndi imfa zokhudza chitetezo cha dzikolo.

Kazembe Wamkulu wa Mtundu

Monga Wolamulira Wamkulu, Pulezidenti ali ndi thayo la kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo olembedwa ndi Congress ndipo, kuti achite zimenezo, amaika akulu a mabungwe a Federal, kuphatikizapo Kabinati. Ntchito imeneyi imapangitsa Pulezidenti kukhala woyang’anira wamkulu wa boma, kuyang’anira maofesi aakulu a boma amene amayang’anira maprogramu ndi mautumiki a boma.

Mathayo a pulezidenti wamkulu amaphatikizapo kukonza bajeti ya boma, imene imandandalika zofunika za boma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zopereka za chaka chandamale chikudza. Pamene kuli kwakuti Nyumba za Malamulo pomalizira pake zimalamulira zikalata za ndalama kupyolera mwa mphamvu yake youlutsa, chigamulo cha Pulezidenti cha bajeti chimakhazikitsa mapulani a kukambitsirana za bajeti ndi kusonyeza malamulo a dongosolo la dongosolo.

Prezidenti akuperekanso malamulo a akuluakulu, amene ali malangizo kwa mabungwe a boma onena za mmene angagwiritsirire ntchito ndi kutsatirira malamulo omwe alipo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a akuluakulu sangapange malamulo atsopano . Kuti mphamvu imakhala ya Congress yokha. Zimapereka chitsogozo chofunika kwa nthambi yaikulu ponena za mmene angachitire mathayo ake. Malamulo akuluakulu agwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mbiri yonse ya America kusamalira zosoŵa za dziko, kuyambira kuletsa asilikali kukhazikitsa chitetezo cha malo okhala.

Mkulu wa Asilikali Otsogolera

Ntchito ya Pulezidenti monga Mkulu wa Atsogoleri ikutanthauza umodzi wa maudindo aakulu kwambiri a ntchitoyi. Pulezidenti adzakhala Mtsogoleri wa Mfumu ya Gulu la Nkhondo ndi Namkubwa wa United States, ndi Militia wa ku United States, pamene aitanidwa ku Utumiki weniweni wa United States. Ulamuliro umenewu umaika Pulezidenti pamapeto a usilikali, wokhala ndi udindo womaliza wa kuteteza dziko ndi ntchito zankhondo.

Lamulo lamakono la zoyendera la Agulu la Armed Forces lagaŵiridwa kuchokera kwa pulezidenti kumka ku Dipatimenti ya Zotetezera ndipo limachitidwa mwanthaŵi zonse kupyolera mwa mlembi wake. Tcheyamani wa Maulamuliro a Joint Akulu a Staff ndi ankhondo amathandiza ndi ntchito zonga za Primed Ovomerezedwa ndi pulezidenti Sed Programme Active Division Plan (UP). Nthumwizi zimenezi zimalola akatswiri a zankhondo kuti atsogolere ntchito zankhondo tsiku ndi tsiku pamene zikuyang'anira asilikali a boma pankhondo.

Ulamuliro wa asilikali wa Pulezidenti umaphatikizapo mphamvu yotumiza asilikali, njira yankhondo yachindunji, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa ziwopsezo pa United States. Komabe, Congress imapereka kuyang'anira mphamvu ya upresidenti kupyolera mwa kulamulira kwake ndalama zankhondo ndi malamulo. Malamulo amasungidwanso ku Congress mphamvu ya kulengeza nkhondo, kupanga kuyang'anira kofunika kwambiri kwa mphamvu ya Pulezidenti ya kuchititsa dziko ku nkhondo.

Kulephera Kulamulira ndi Mtsogoleri Walamulo Wakunja

Prezidenti alinso ndi ulamuliro wapadera pa nkhani zachilendo, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yolankhula kapena kumvetsera monga woimira mtundu. Imeneyi imapangitsa Pulezidenti wa America kukhala woimira wamkulu padziko lonse, wochititsa mayanjano, kukambirana ndi atsogoleri achilendo, ndi kuwongolera malamulo a dziko lachilendo.

Maulamuliro a pulezidenti amaphatikizapo kukambirana mapangano ndi maiko akunja, ngakhale kuti Iye adzakhala ndi Mphamvu, mwa kuphatikizapo ndi Auchippo ndi Consand of the Senate, kupanga Trease , kuperekedwa zigawo ziŵiri mwa zitatu za Oweruza amene alipo. Chiyeneretso chimenechi cha chivomerezo cha Nyumba ya Malamulo chitsimikizira kuti mapangano aakulu a mitundu yonse akusonyeza kugwirizana kwakukulu m’malo mwa zofuna za boma limodzi.

Chigawo 3 chimaperekanso mphamvu ya kulandira akazembe ndi atumiki ena a boma. mphamvu imeneyi yowonekera kukhala yamwambo imaperekadi mphamvu yaikulu ya kukambitsirana ndi ena, popeza kuti chosankha cha kulandira kapena kukana kulandira nthumwi zachilendo chingazindikiridwe mwapadera kapena kukana kupatsidwanso ulamuliro wa maboma achilendo ndi kuyambukira maunansi a mitundu yonse.

Prezidenti amaikanso akazembe kuimira United States m’maiko achilendo, kuyang'aniridwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Oimira audindo ameneŵa amatumikira monga oimira a Pulezidenti a kumaiko akunja, akuchititsa kukambitsirana, kupititsa patsogolo zikondwerero za Amereka, ndi kusungitsa maunansi ndi maboma achilendo.

Mtsogoleri Wolamulira

Pamene kuli kwakuti Prezidenti sangathe kukhazikitsa malamulo mwachindunji, ofesi imasonkhezera kwambiri malamulo. Chigawo 3 chimafuna Pulezidenti kupereka chidziŵitso cha Congress pa boma la bungwelo. Ilo limavomerezanso Prezidenti kuvomereza malamulo ndi m'mikhalidwe yachilendo kukhazikitsa kapena kukhazikitsa Nyumba ya Malamulo. Kampani ya pachaka ya Boma la Union imapatsa Pulezidenti malo otchuka osonyeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kuchirikiza anthu kaamba ka malamulo a boma.

Pulezidenti: Ali ndi mphamvu yovomereza kapena kulola ndalama ndi zigamulo zoperekedwa ndi Congress. Mphamvu yaveto imapatsa Pulezidenti mphamvu zazikulu m'kukambitsirana ndi Congress, monga chiwopsezo cha chiopsezo cha serveto chingalimbikitse opanga malamulo kusintha malamulo a kukambirana ndi mapangano a pulezidenti. Nyumba ingaileketse ndi mavoti aŵiri chitatu pa Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Njirayo njovuta kwambiri ndipo njosapezeka. Chiwopsezo cha pulezidenti wenioveto kaŵirikaŵiri chapereka chitsenderezo chokwanira kaamba ka Nyumba ya malamulo kuti prezidentiyo afune kusaina.

Mphamvu ya Pardon

Pulezidenti ali ndi ulamuliro wa lamulo kukhululukira ndi kubwezera milandu ya boma. Iye adzakhala ndi Mphamvu ya kupatsa Reprievas ndi Pardons kaamba ka zophophonya molimbana ndi United States, kusiyapo Case of Impeachement . Mphamvu imeneyi imalola Pulezidenti kusonyeza chifundo, kulungamitsa chisalungamo, kapena kupititsa patsogolo kuyanjanitsa kwa mtundu mwa kukhululukira maupandu a boma kapena kuchepetsa zigamulo.

Mphamvu yokhululukira njokwanira, yokha yokha yokha yokha yokha chifukwa cha milandu yopanda lamulo. Mapresidenti agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imeneyi m’njira zosiyanasiyana m’mbiri yonse, kuyambira kukhululukira opalamula aliyense payekha kupereka maufulu aunyinji kwa magulu a anthu. Mphamvuyo imasonyeza lamulo la kulolera kwa akuluakulu, kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo mosamalitsa nthaŵi zina kungatulutse zotulukapo zopanda chilungamo zimene zimafuna kuwongolera.

Pulezidenti Waudindo ndi Mtsogoleri Wawo

Pulezidenti Wamkulu alinso mbali ya Nthambi Yoyang'anira, wokonzekera kuvomereza Wolamulira akafunikira kubuka. Mtsogoleri wa Manijala amatumikira monga wachiŵiri wa Pulezidenti wamkulu ndipo amaima choyamba m'mzera wa kutsatizana. Ngati pulezidentiyo satha kutumikira, pulezidenti wamkuluyo amakhala pulezidenti.

Pambuyo pa mbali yotsatizana, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti amayang'aniranso Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States ndi kuswa maunansi m'mavoti. Ntchito imeneyi ya lamulo imaika Pulezidenti Wamakampani pamalo apadera, kutumikira ponse paŵiri m'nthambi za akuluakulu ndi za malamulo. M’zochitika, Mapresidenti a Makampani amagaŵira ntchito zotsogoza zanthaŵi zonse kwa oimira abanja, kuwonekera mu Nyumba ya Malamulo makamaka pamene kuvota kwawo koswa uto kukafunikira.

Mabishopu amakono achita mbali zazikulu m’nthambi ya akuluakulu, kaŵirikaŵiri akumagwira ntchito monga oimira pulezidenti, kutsogolera ntchito, kuimira oyang’anira ntchito zaukulu, ndi kuchita mogwirizana ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Udindo wa Pulezidenti wa Udindowu ukusiyana malinga ndi unansi umene Prezidenti ali nawo ndi zimene amafunikira.

Kabinati: Otsogolera ndi Atsogoleri a Dipatimenti ya Pulezidenti

Kabinati ndi bungwe lotsogolera lopangidwa ndi atsogoleri a madipatimenti 15 a akuluakulu. Yoikidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo, ziŵalo za Kompyuta kaŵirikaŵiri ndizo oululira a Prezidenti. Komiti ya Kabini, ngakhale kuti siinafotokozedwe mwachindunji m'Bungwe la Malamulo, yasintha kukhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kuyang'anira nthambi ya akuluakulu.

Mamembala a bungweli amatumikira monga oimira pulezidenti. Amaphatikizapo wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti, akuluakulu a madipatimenti akuluakulu, ndi akuluakulu ena a boma amene amaikidwa pa udindo. Misonkhano ya Cabittene imapereka pulogalamu yoti Prezidenti akafunse akuluakulu a boma, agwirizane ndi madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti boma lizilankhula mogwirizana pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri.

Ziŵalo zonse za Cabinet zimatenga dzina la mlembi, kusiyapo mutu wa Dipatimenti ya Chiweruzo, yemwe akutchedwa Attorney General. Chikalata chofanana chimenechi chimasonyeza malo ofanana a ziŵalo za Kabitaimani monga atsogoleri a madipatimenti aakulu auyang’aniro, ngakhale kuti m’zochita madipatimenti ena ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu kuposa ena odalira pa zinthu za dziko ndi mavuto amakono.

Kuwonjezera pa kutsogolera mabungwe akuluakulu a boma, iwo amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa mzera wa Prezidenti wa dongosolo / pambuyo pa Pulezidenti, Wokamba nkhani wa Nyumba, ndi Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, mzera wa kutsatizana ukupitirizabe ndi maofesi a Kabinite m'dongosolo la madipatimenti. dongosolo limeneli lotsatirana limatsimikizira kuti boma lipitirizabe ngakhale m’mikhalidwe yowopsa kwambiri.

Madipatimenti Oyang’anira Detine

Pakali pano pali madipatimenti 15 a akuluakulu a boma. Madipatimenti ameneŵa amapanga maziko a dongosolo la boma, lililonse limakhala ndi udindo wa malamulo ndi ntchito za boma. Dipatimenti 15 zoyang’anira . Iliyonse imatsogoleredwa ndi munthu woikidwa wa pulezidenti pa Kabineti .

Department of State

Department of State, yomwe inapangidwa mu 1789, ndi dipatimenti ya Cabitte ndipo imatumikira monga bungwe loyambirira lotsogoza malamulo a ku America a kumaiko akunja. Mlembi wa Boma amagwira ntchito monga woyang'anira malamulo aakulu a Prezidenti wa dziko lachilendo ndi kuyang'anira ndandanda ya padziko lonse ya mapangano ndi zikalata zothandizira. Dipatimentiyi imakambirana mapangano, imafalitsa mapasipoti, imapititsa patsogolo zolinga za malonda a America kumaiko akunja, ndipo imagwira ntchito kupititsa patsogolo makhalidwe ndi zikondwerero za dziko la America padziko lonse.

Dipatimenti ya Ndalama

Ndiponso yokhazikitsidwa mu 1789, Dipatimenti ya Treasurer imayang'anira ndalama za boma, kusonkhanitsa misonkho, kupanga ndalama, ndi kuyang'anira dongosolo la zachuma. Dipatimenti ya Treasury imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri posamalira ngongole ya dziko, kugwiritsa ntchito zidzudzulo zachuma, kuthetsa milandu ya zachuma, ndi kulangiza Pulezidenti pa nkhani zachuma. International Revenue Service (IRS), imene imasonkhanitsa misonkhoma ya boma, imagwira ntchito monga mbali ya Dipatimenti ya Ndalama.

Department of Defection

Dipatimenti ya zachitetezo imayang'anira magulu ankhondo a dziko ndi ntchito za chitetezo. Dipatimentiyi imayang'anira asilikali, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, ndi Space Force , limodzi ndi mabungwe ambiri oteteza asilikali ndi asilikali. Dipatimenti ya zachitetezo ndi imodzi mwa mabungwe aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse, omwe ali ndi udindo woteteza dziko la America padziko lonse.

Department of Justice

Wotsogozedwa ndi Attorney General , Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo imatumikira monga dzanja la lamulo la boma ndi uphungu wa lamulo. Dipatimentiyo imaweruza milandu ya boma, imatetezera boma pankhani za lamulo, ndipo imayang'anira mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma kuphatikizapo Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Inforcement Administration (DEA), ndi Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemmars ndi Exlosives (AFF). Dritage Department imagwiriranso ntchito kutsimikizira zitetezero za nzika ndi malamulo a boma.

Department of the Central

Dipatimenti ya Interior iyang'anira madera a anthu onse a America ndi chuma chachilengedwe, kuyang'anira mapaki a dziko, malo opulumukirako nyama, ndi maiko a boma. Dipatimentiyi imachitanso ndi mafuko a Eni America ndipo imayang'anira mphamvu ndi miyala ya miyala m'mayiko a boma. Mathayo a m'dzikolo amaphatikizapo kuteteza, kusanguluka, kufufuza kwa sayansi, ndi kulinganiza kuyambika kwa chuma ndi chitetezo cha malo okhala.

Department of Agriculture

Dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku United States imayambitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandiza pa ulimi, ulimi, ndi chakudya. Cholinga chake chimaphatikizapo kukwaniritsa zosoŵa za alimi ndi alimi, kupititsa patsogolo malonda a zaulimi ndi ulimi, kutsimikizira za chakudya, kuteteza zachilengedwe, kulimbikitsa anthu akumidzi, ndi kuthetsa njala ku America ndi kumayiko ena. United States amakhazikitsanso maprogramu othandizira anthu opeza chakudya monga Spal Nutrition Assionation Program (SNAP) ndi kuyang'anira programu ya sukulu ya chakudya chakumwazi.

Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda

Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda imapititsa patsogolo chuma, kukonza ntchito, ndi malonda a ku America. Dipatimentiyi imachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi ufulu wolemba zinthu komanso atchule zinthu zina. Iyang'anira nyengo kudzera m'Bungwe la National Oceanic ndi Atmospheric Administration (NOA), ndi kupititsa patsogolo malonda a mayiko. Malonda amagwira ntchito zolimbikitsa mpikisano wa Amereka pa zachuma padziko lonse ndi kuchirikiza kuyambika kwa zinthu ndi malonda.

Dipatimenti ya Ntchito

Dipatimenti ya Antchito imateteza ufulu wa antchito, imapititsa patsogolo ntchito zotetezeka, ndiponso imakhazikitsa malamulo a ntchito. Dipatimentiyi imayang'anira malamulo a zachitetezo kuntchito, inshuwalansi ya kusoŵa ntchito, malipiro ndi maprogramu a ntchito. Ntchito imasonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa ziŵerengero za zachuma zimene zimathandiza opanga malamulo ndi mabizinesi kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe ya ntchito ndi mikhalidwe ya zachuma.

Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Ntchito za Anthu

Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi zachikhalidwe (HHS) imayang'anira maprogramu okhudza thanzi ndi ubwino wa Aamereka. HHS imayang'anira Medicare ndi Medicaid, imachititsa kufufuza kwa zamankhwala kupyolera mwa National Institutes of Health , imatetezera thanzi la anthu kupyolera m'ma Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ndipo imayang'anira chakudya ndi mankhwala kudzera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dipatimentiyi imathandiziranso ntchito ndi kuchirikiza kufufuza ndi ntchito zamankhwala.

Dipatimenti Yoona za Nyumba ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Matauni

Dipatimenti ya Home ndi Urban Development (UD) ndi bungwe la Federal lomwe lili ndi malamulo a dziko ndi maprogramu amene amasamalira zosoŵa za nyumba za America, kuwongolera ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a mtundu, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a nyumba abwino. Dipatimentiyo imachitanso mbali yaikulu yochirikiza nyumba za eni nyumba ku mabanja otsika ndi opeza bwino mwa inshuwalansi yake ya ngongole ndi kubwereka maprogramu a nyumba zapansi.

Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera

Dipatimenti ya zachitetezo imaonetsetsa kuti njira zoyendera zikhale zabwino, zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuyendera ku America. Dipatimentiyi imayang'anira misewu, ndege, sitima, sitima zapamadzi, ndi kampani zonyamula anthu. Zoyendera zimakhazikitsa malo otetezeka, zimathandiza kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, ndiponso zimagwira ntchito zoyendera zamakono ku America kuti zikwaniritsidwe ndi anthu ofunikira kwambiri.

Dipatimenti ya Magetsi

Department of Energy imayang'anira njira ya mphamvu ya America, programu ya zida za nyukliya, ndi kufufuza kwa sayansi. Dipatimentiyo imapititsa patsogolo chipambano cha mphamvu, ikupanganso magwero a mphamvu zowonjezereka, imasunga zida za nyukliya, ndi imayendetsa nyumba zofufuzira za dziko kugamula sayansi. Mphamvu zimagwiriranso ntchito kutsimikizira kuti mphamvu zodalirika ziperekedwa ndi kuchepetsa kudalira kwa mphamvu za dziko lachilendo.

Department of Education

Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro imapititsa patsogolo maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro ofanana. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira zambiri zamaphunziro zimakhazikitsidwa pa mlingo wa boma ndi malo, dipatimenti ya boma imakhazikitsa maprogramu a zandalama, imasungitsa ufulu wa anthu m’maphunziro, imasonkhanitsa chidziŵitso cha maphunziro, ndi kuchirikiza kufufuza pa njira zophunzitsira zogwira mtima. Maphunziro amagwira ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ophunzira onse a ku Amereka ali ndi mwaŵi wa maphunziro abwino.

Department of Veteran Affairs

Department of Veterans Affairs imapereka chisamaliro chaumoyo, mapindu, ndi mautumiki kwa asilikali a America. Va imagwira ntchito pa dongosolo la zaumoyo logwirizana kwambiri m'dziko, imayang'anira maprogramu a kupumula ndi mapenshoni, imayang'anira mapindu a ozoloŵera maphunziro, ndi kuyang'anira manda a dziko. Dipatimentiyi imatumikira mamiliyoni a asilikali ankhondo ndi mabanja awo, kulemekeza utumiki wawo ndi kudzipereka kwawo.

Department of the Desiterial of Mouth Department

DHS inakhazikitsidwa ndi Homeland Security Act ya 2002, makamaka chifukwa cha kuukira kwa zigaŵenga kwa pa September 11, 2001. Dipatimenti yatsopano inakhazikitsa mabungwe 22 akuluakulu a nthambi, kuphatikizapo bungwe la United States Customs Service, U.S.S. Secret Service Security Administration, ndi Federal Emergency Management Agency. Monga momwe dipatimenti yatsopano ya Homelate, Homeland Security ikuimira imodzi mwa masinthidwe aakulu kwambiri a boma la United States m’mbiri ya Amerekani.

Amuna ndi akazi a DHS amathandiza kuyang'anira malire athu, kutetezera apaulendo ndi zipangizo za zoyendera, kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera anthu osamukira kudziko, kuchitapo kanthu pa masoka ndi ngozi, ndiponso kulimbikitsa kukonzekera ndi kuteteza ngozi m'dziko lonselo. Mathayo osiyanasiyana a dipatimentiyi akusonyeza kuopsa kwa chitetezo chamakono, kuyambira uchigaŵenga mpaka masoka achilengedwe mpaka mavuto a pa Intaneti.

Mabungwe a Maboma Odziimira Okha

Kupitirira pa madipatimenti khumi ndi chisanu a Kabinabini, nthambi ya akuluakulu a boma imaphatikizapo mabungwe ambiri odziimira paokha ndi mabungwe a boma. Mabungwe ena monga CIA ndi Environmental Protection Agency, amene atsogoleri awo ali pansi pa ulamuliro wokwanira wa Pulezidenti. Mabungwewa amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana podziimira paokha popanda kulamulidwa ndi pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti amakhalabe mbali ya nthambi ya akuluakulu a boma.

Pulezidenti amaikanso atsogoleri a mabungwe oposa 50 odziimira paokha, monga Federal Reserve Board ndi Federal Secrities ndi Exchange Commission, komanso oweruza a Federal, akazembe, ndi akuluakulu ena a boma. Mapangano ameneŵa amalola Pulezidenti kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma lonselo, ngakhale kuti atsogoleri ambiri a mabungwe a boma akugwira ntchito zoikika ndipo sangachotsedwe ndi Pulezidenti, kuwapatsa ufulu wokulirapo.

Zoyesayesa Zazikulu Zodziimira

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) imasonkhanitsa ndi kupenda chidziŵitso chanzeru chochirikiza kukhazikitsa chigamulo cha boma. CIA imagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Mtsogoleri wa National Intelligence ndipo ikusimba kwa Pulezidenti za ziwopsezo ku America padziko lonse.

Bungwe loona za chilengedwe lotchedwa Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limateteza thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhala, kuika malamulo oipitsa malo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yoyang’anira malo okhala.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), yomwe tsopano ili mbali ya Department of Homeland Security, imagwirizanitsa kuyankha tsoka ndi zoyesayesa za kukonza. FEMA imapereka chithandizo kwa boma ndi boma panthaŵi ya ngozi, imayang'anira programu ya National Inshuwalansi, ndi kuthandiza anthu kukonzekera ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa masoka achilengedwe ndi zinthu zina zadzidzidzi.

Bungwe lina loona za sayansi la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) limachita kafukufuku wokhudza mlengalenga, sayansi komanso sayansi.

Bungwe la Social Security Administration limayang'anira maprogramu a inshuwalansi ya dziko, kuphatikizapo kupuma pantchito, kupunduka, ndi mapindu a opulumuka. Chisungiko cha Mayanjano chimapereka chisungiko chachuma kwa mamiliyoni a Aamereka, kuimira imodzi ya maprogramu aakulu koposa ndi ofunika koposa a boma.

Bungwe la SEC limakhazikitsa malamulo okhudzana ndi kusungitsa ndalama, kuyang’anira ntchito yogulitsa katundu, ndiponso kukonza kuti malonda a m’mafakitale aziyenda bwino.

Ofesi Yoyang’anira ya Pulezidenti

Ofesi Yoyang’anira ya Pulezidenti (EOP) ili ndi antchito a Prezidenti, limodzi ndi mabungwe monga Office of Management and Baccate and the Office of the United States Trade Memodential.

Ofesi ya White House imaphatikizapo otsogolera a pulezidenti ndi antchito apafupi kwambiri, kuphatikizapo Mfumu ya Staff, mlembi wosindikiza, mkulu wa zolankhulano, ndi otsogolera malamulo osiyanasiyana. Anthu ameneŵa amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi Pulezidenti tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyang'anira ndandanda ya Pulezidenti, kugwirizanitsa ndi mbali zina za boma, ndi kuthandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga za Pulezidenti.

Office of Management and Baccul (OMB) imathandiza Pulezidenti kukonza bajeti ya boma ndi kuyang'anira kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo a Prezidenti amene agwirizana ndi mabungwe a akuluakulu. OMB imapenda mafunsidwe a bajeti ya bungwe, kupenda pulogalamu yogwira ntchito, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ntchito za bungwelo zigwirizana ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za pulezidenti.

National Security Council (NSC) ikulangiza Pulezidenti za chitetezo cha dziko ndi nkhani za lamulo lachilendo. NSC imagwirizanitsa malamulo pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndi madipatimenti, kutsimikizira kuti nkhondo, mayanjano, ndi luntha zaphatikizidwa kupanga zosankha.

Bungweli limathandiza pulezidenti kumvetsa mmene chuma chikuyendera, kupenda malamulo a boma, ndiponso kukonza njira zopitira patsogolo chuma.

Mmene Mkulu wa Olamulira Amaperekera Malamulo a Nthambi

Pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo ikhazikitsa malamulo, imapereka malamulo ambiri ndipo imapatsa akuluakulu mphamvu yokhazikitsa malamulo ndi malamulo akutiakuti akwaniritse zolingazo.

Malamulo a boma ali ndi mphamvu ya lamulo ndipo amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa America, kuyambira kutetezereka kwa malo okhala ndi ufulu wa anthu ku makampani. Mabungwe akhazikitsa malamulo kudzera mwa njira yovomerezeka yomwe imaphatikizapo chidziŵitso cha anthu, mipata ya ndemanga ya anthu, ndi kubwereza kwa Office of Management ndi Bajeti. Njira imeneyi imatsimikizira kuonekera bwino ndi kulola anthu okhudzidwa kukhala ndi phande m'kupanga zosankha zoyendera malamulo.

Mabungwe akuluakulu amakhazikitsanso malamulo mwa kufufuza, kufufuza, ndi kuzenga mlandu. Oyang’anira malo amayang’anira malamulo a chisungiko, malamulo a malo okhala, ndi malamulo ena. Pamene kuswa malamulo kuchitika, mabungwe angaumirize kulipira faindi, kuchotsa laisensi, kapena kutumiza milandu ya kumanga mlandu.

Ntchito ya Bajeti

Imodzi ya mathayo ofunika kwambiri a nthambi ndi kukonza bajeti ya boma. Chaka chilichonse, Pulezidenti amatumiza chikalata cha bajeti ku Congress yotchula milingo ya ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito kaamba ka maprogramu onse a boma ndi mabungwe. Ndalama zimenezi zimasonyeza zimene oyang'anira amaika patsogolo ndipo zimapereka mapu a njira ya ndalama zimene boma lidzawonongere m'chaka chikudzachi.

Luso la bajeti liyamba ndi mabungwe amene akupereka zifuno zawo za ndalama ku Office of Management and Bacrow . OMB imapenda mapempho ameneŵa, kugwira ntchito ndi mabungwe kulinganiza malingaliro awo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za pulezidenti ndi zopinga. Chikalata cha Pulezidenti cha bajeti chimaperekedwa ku Congress, makamaka mu February, miyezi yoyambirira ya kukambirana ndi kukambirana.

Pamene kuli kwakuti Nyumba ya Malamulo imalamulira kuwonongedwa kwa boma kupyolera m'kukambirana, chigamulo cha Pulezidenti cha bajeti chimakhazikitsa mapulani a makambitsirano a bajeti ndi kusonkhezera zosankha zomalizira za kuwonongera ndalama. Pulezidenti angagwiritsirenso ntchito mphamvu ya chivomezi kukana ndalama zoperekera mafoni zimene sizigwirizana ndi zofunika zoyambirira za dongosolo, ngakhale kuti zimenezi zingatsogolere kulinganiza zotsekera ndi ngakhale kutseka boma.

Chisungiko cha Dziko Lonse ndi Chitetezo

Nthambi ya boma ili ndi udindo woteteza dziko la United States kuti lisachite ngozi, kusonkhanitsa anthu odziwa za nkhondo, kuletsa uchigawenga, kuteteza anthu pa Intaneti, ndiponso dziko lawo.

Mabungwewa amathandiza kusiyanitsa zinthu zimene zingachitike, ndiponso amathandiza kuti anthu asamavutike. Kugwirizana pakati pa mabungwe amenewa n’kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa masiku ano anthu amaopana kwambiri pa nkhondo, malamulo komanso pa nkhani za luntha.

Nthambi yaikulu ya nyukiliya imayang'aniranso zida za nyukiliya za America, limodzi la maudindo owopsa kwambiri a pulezidenti. Pulezidenti yekha ndiye ali ndi ulamuliro wolamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya, mphamvu imene imasonyeza kufunika kwa kupanga zosankha mofulumira m'mavuto a nyukiliya komanso imadzutsa mafunso aakulu ponena za kuŵerengera mlandu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowononga imeneyi mwa munthu mmodzi.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo ndi Kuwononga Malonda

Nthambi yaikulu imatsogolera malamulo a ku America a ku America, kuimira United States m’nkhani za m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi kuyang'anira maunansi ndi maboma achilendo. Dipatimenti ya Boma imasunga maunansi aunansi ndi maiko pafupifupi 200, kuyendetsa makampani ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo padziko lonse. Olamulira a ku America akambirana mapangano, kupititsa patsogolo zikondwerero za ku America, kuthandiza nzika za ku America za kumaiko akunja, ndi kugwira ntchito kuthetsa mikangano ya padziko lonse.

Mayiko ena amathandiza kuti mayiko a ku America akhale ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana: kulimbikitsa chitetezo, kupititsa patsogolo chuma, kuchirikiza mfundo za demokalase ndi ufulu wa anthu, ndiponso kuthetsa mavuto monga kusintha kwa nyengo, uchigawenga, ndiponso kuchuluka kwa zida za nyukiliya.

United States amatengamo mbali m’mabungwe a mitundu yonse ambiri, kuyambira ku United Nations mpaka NATO mpaka ku World Trade Organization. Nthambi yaikulu imaimira zikondwerero za ku America m’nkhani zimenezi, kukambirana mapangano, kupanga mgwirizano, ndi kukonza malamulo ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse m’njira zimene zimapindulitsa anthu a ku America ndi makhalidwe awo.

Kupereka Zochita kwa Nzika

Mabungwe a boma ndiponso mabungwe a boma a boma ndi amene ali ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti malamulo a boma akuyendetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuyang’anira boma.

Bungwe la Social Security Administration limapereka mapindu mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse, kupereka madesiki, kupumula, ndi opulumuka kuyenerera Aamereka. Dipatimenti ya Veterans Affairs imayang'anira zipatala ndi zipatala zotumikira anthu a m'nthaŵi yakale mamiliyoni. National Weather Service, mbali ya Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda, imapereka maulosi ndi machenjezo amene amatetezera moyo ndi katundu. Food ndi Drug Administration imatsimikizira kutetezeka kwa chakudya ndi mankhwala. Federal Adviation Administration imayang'anira zoyendetsa ndege za ndege, kusungitsa kuyendetsa ulendo wa pandege, kutetezera ulendo wa pandege.

Mautumiki ameneŵa amafunikira maulamuliro aakulu ndi ukatswiri. Olembedwa ntchito a Federal m'dziko lonselo amagwira ntchito kukonza mafunsizo, mafunso oyankha, malo oyendera, kufufuza, ndi kuchita ntchito zina zosaŵerengeka zimene zimasungitsa maprogramu a boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti Pulezidenti ndi alembi a Kabit akhazikitsa malamulo, ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya boma imadalira pa kudzipereka ndi ntchito yauphungu wa mamiliyoni a antchito a boma.

Kulabadira Kofulumira ndi Kusamalira Tsoka

Nthambi ya boma ikakumana ndi masoka, imagwira ntchito ndi maboma a boma ndiponso a m’deralo kuti athandize anthu ovutika, kuwagwiritsa ntchito, ndiponso kutithandiza kukonza zinthu.

Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi ya mphepo ya mkuntho, bungwe la FEMA limagwirizanitsa anthu onse, gulu la asilikali oteteza kunyanja lofufuza ndi kupulumutsa anthu, gulu la asilikali opanga sitima limagwira ntchito yochepetsa madzi osefukira, Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi ya Mautumiki a Anthu imathandiza kuchiritsa odwala, ndipo mabungwe ena ambiri amathandiza kuti azitha kupulumutsa anthu mwaluso.

Mabungwe a boma amathandizana ndi boma ndiponso anthu a m’deralo kuti akonze zokonzekera zinthu zamwadzidzidzi, akonzeketse zinthu zofunikira kukonzekera, ndiponso kuti akonze zinthu zodzathandiza kuti akonze zinthu.

Kufufuza ndi Kukonzanso Zasayansi

Nthambi yaikulu imachirikiza kufufuza kwa sayansi m'mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku mankhwala mpaka kufufuza za m'mlengalenga. National Institutes of Health Salology Research yomwe yachititsa kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala. Dipatimenti ya Energy imayendetsa ntchito za sayansi ya dziko lonse yofufuza zinthu zodula za sayansi, sayansi, zinthu, ndi zina. NASA imafufuza mlengalenga ndi kufufuza sayansi ya Dziko Lapansi.

Kupanga makampani ofufuza kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kuyambika kwa zinthu, kuchirikiza kukula kwa chuma, ndi kukambirana ndi mavuto a dziko. Zaumisiri zambiri zimene anthu a ku America amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, kuyambira pa Intaneti mpaka pa Intaneti, GPS, kuyambika pa kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi boma. Kuthandiza kwa nthambi ya sayansi kumathandiza kusungitsa utsogoleri wa luso la zopangapanga ku America ndi kuwongolera moyo.

Kuyang’anira ndi Kuteteza Anthu

Bungwe la Consumer Product Safety Commission limakhazikitsa malamulo oteteza anthu ogula zinthu. Food and Drug Administration imatsimikizira kuti chakudya n’chotetezeka ndipo mankhwala n’ngothandiza. Bungwe la Federal Trade Commission limateteza ogula ku chinyengo ndi chinyengo. Bungwe la Secureties ndi Exchange liyang'anira malonda a ndalama kuti liteteze anthu ogula zinthu.

Malamulo oteteza anthu ndi oteteza anthu amawononga ndalama zambiri pa makampani komanso pa anthu ogula zinthu. Makampani ayenera kuganizira mosamala zinthu zimenezi.

Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu asinthanso zinthu ndi kuyambitsa mavuto. Pamene luso latsopano liyamba, zinthu zatsopano zogulitsidwa, ndi kuyambika kwa maupandu atsopano, mabungwe ayenera kukonza malamulo kuti athetse kusintha kumeneku. Kusintha kwa dongosolo kumeneku kumathandiza kuti chitetezo chikhalebe chogwira mtima m’zachuma ndi m’chitaganya chogwira ntchito.

Kuteteza Malo Okhala ndi Malo Okhala ndi Malo Okhala

Nthambi yaikulu ya dziko la America imayang'anira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Environmental Protection Agency imakakamiza mpweya woyera ndi malamulo a madzi, imalamulira kuipitsa, ndi kusamalira malo owononga zachilengedwe. Dipatimenti ya chigawo cha za m'dziko imayang'anira malo osungirako nyama, malo opulumukirako, ndi mayiko a anthu, kulinganiza kusungidwa kwa zinthu. National Oceanic ndi Atmospheric Administration imayang'anira nyanja ndi mpweya, kugaŵira chidziŵitso chovuta ponena za nyengo, nyengo, ndi zamoyo za m'nyanja.

Kuteteza malo okhala kumaphatikizapo malonda aakulu kwambiri pakati pa kutukuka kwa chuma ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusungidwa kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, ndiponso pakati pa zinthu za m’dziko ndi dziko. Mabungwe oyendetsa malo a boma amagwira ntchito yolinganiza mfundo zopikisana zimenezi pamene akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a chilengedwe ndi kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe kwa anthu onse a ku America.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kwakhala chinthu chachikulu chimene chikuchititsa kuti dziko lizizungulira, ndipo mabungwe akuluakulu a boma akugwira ntchito yochepetsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zowononga nyengo, ndiponso kukonzekera kuti nyengo isinthe.

Kusamukira ku Dziko Lina Ndiponso Kutetezeredwa ku Mpanda wa Dzikolo

Nthambi yaikulu imakhazikitsa malamulo a kusamuka ndi kuyang'anira chitetezo chamalire. Department of Homeland Security imayang'anira kuyang'anira malire, kusungitsa anthu oloŵa m'dziko, ndi kukonza mapulogalamu ofunsira kusamukira. Immignation ndi Custommotion Enforcement (ICE) imakhazikitsa malamulo a kusamuka m'dziko. Zitsogozo ndi Borin Provition imayang'anira madoko a kulowa ndi kuyendera malire a dziko. U.S.U. Comiganityship and Imgation Services projectives ikonza njira zofunsira nzika, ma visa, ndi mapindu ena a kusamu.

Lamulo la kusamutsidwa limaphatikizapo kulinganiza nkhaŵa za chisungiko ndi mwambo wa Amereka monga dziko la osamukira ku America, zosoŵa zachuma kwa antchito okhala ndi chitetezo cha ntchito za ku America, ndi mathayo aumoyo limodzi ndi kusungitsa lamulo. Oyang'anira nthambi amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a kusamuka operekedwa ndi Congress, ngakhale kuti mapresidenti ali ndi nzeru m’kukhazikitsa zofunika ndi malamulo.

Kusungidwa kwa malire sikumaloŵetsamo kulanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinthu zina zoletsedwa, kuteteza chuma cha ulimi ku tizilombo ndi matenda, ndiponso kuchititsa malonda ndi maulendo ovomerezeka.

Kukakamiza Lamulo ndi Chilungamo cha Chipanduko

Department of Justice ndi mabungwe ake oimira boma akhazikitsa malamulo a boma. FBI ikufufuza milandu ya boma kuyambira pa uchigaŵenga mpaka upandu wa azungu mpaka ziphuphu za anthu. Drug Inforcement Administration Imenya nkhondo yogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemormars ndi Explosives ikukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza mfuti, mabomba, ndi maarson, ndi Arnorney a U.S. Attorney anaweruza milandu ya boma m'makhoti m'dziko lonselo.

Malamulo osungidwa ndi boma amasumika maganizo pa maupandu amene amaloŵa m’zigawo, oloŵetsamo zikondwerero za boma, kapena kupitirira mphamvu ya boma ndi maulamuliro a kumaloko.

Mabomawa amathandizanso kuti anthu akhale ndi ufulu wochita zinthu mwachilungamo, akhwimitsa malamulo oletsa kudalirika, ndiponso kuti aimire boma pa nkhani za malamulo.

Kusamalira Zachuma ndi Kukonzanso Ndalama

Nthambi yapamwamba imachita mbali yaikulu m'kuyang'anira zachuma ndi kuyang'anira misika ya zachuma. Dipatimenti ya Ndalama imagwiritsira ntchito njira zachuma, kuyang'anira zachuma za boma, ndi kuyang'anira mabungwe a zachuma. Federal Reserve, pamene kuli kwakuti ikugwira ntchito yokha, imagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi ofesi ya nthambi pa zachuma. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana oyang'anira mabanki, misika ya zamalonda, malonda a katundu, ndi mabungwe ena a zandalama.

Maboma a zachuma amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa zachuma, malamulo oyendetsera zinthu, ndi zipangizo zina kuti chuma chiyende bwino, ndalama zizikwera bwino, ndiponso kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.

Malamulo a zachuma amathandiza anthu kuti asamavutike ndi ndalama, kuti asamavutike ndi ndalama.

Maphunziro ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ndiwo udindo wa boma ndi wa kumaloko, boma limachita mbali yofunika kwambiri yochirikiza. Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro ya boma imapereka maprogramu othandizira ophunzira, imakhazikitsa malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe m’maphunziro, imachirikiza kufufuza za njira zophunzitsira zogwira mtima, ndipo imachirikiza ndalama zothandizira sukulu zotumikira ophunzira osoŵa.

Maphunziro a ophunzira a pa koleji, kuphatikizapo Pell Grants ndi ngongole za ophunzira, amathandiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America kugula koleji.

Mapulogalamu amenewa amathandiza anthu kuti aphunzire ntchito zabwino komanso kuti apeze anthu odziwa ntchito.

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Department of Health and Human Services imayang'anira ntchito zaumoyo wa boma ndi kuteteza thanzi la anthu. Medicare imapatsa anthu okalamba ndi opunduka. Medicaid, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko amodzi, imathandiza anthu a ku America olandira ndalama zochepa. Maprogramu amenewa amathandizira anthu mamiliyoni makumi ambiri ndipo amaimira mbali yaikulu ya ndalama zimene boma limawononga.

Bungwe loona za matenda lotchedwa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limayang’anira kuyambika kwa matenda, limafufuza zaumoyo wa anthu onse, ndiponso limaonetsetsa kuti liteteze matenda ndi kuvulala.

Mabungwe oyang’anira zachilengedwe amayesetsa kufufuza ndi kuthetsa mavuto a thanzi lawo asanawonongetse matendawa.

Zoyendera Ndiponso Zinthu Zowonongeka

Department of Transportation imaonetsetsa kuti ndege ndi zoyenda bwino. Bungwe la Federal Aviation Administration limayang'anira ndege komanso limayang'anira chitetezo cha ndege. Bungwe la Federal Highway Administration limayang'anira misewu ya m’chigawo chakumpoto ndipo limathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti misewu ikhale yomangidwa ndi kukonzedwa bwino. Bungwe la Federal Railrapy Administration limayang'anira chitetezo cha sitima. Bungwe la National Highway Traffration Safety Administration limakhazikitsa miyezo yoteteza galimoto.

Nthambi ya boma imagwira ntchito yokonza misewu, mabwalo a ndege, sitima, ndi zinthu zina zothandiza pa ntchito zamalonda, kugwirizanitsa anthu a m’madera osiyanasiyana, ndiponso kukonza bwino maulendo.

Dongosolo la zoyendera limakhudzanso nkhaŵa za malo okhala, kuwongolera chitetezo, ndi kutulukira za tekinoloji monga galimoto zodziimira zokha. Nthambi yapamwamba iyenera kulinganiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimenezi pamene ikutsimikizira kuti njira za kayendedwe za ku America zikukwaniritsa zosoŵa zamakono ndi zamtsogolo.

Kukula kwa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi

Dipatimenti ya zaulimi imathandiza alimi a ku America ndi olima, imaonetsetsa kuti chakudya chawo n’chotetezeka, imayang’anira malonda a zaulimi, ndiponso imapititsa patsogolo ntchito za kumidzi.

Kuteteza chakudya ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri. Bungwe loona za zakudya lotchedwa Food Safety and Inspection Service limafufuza nyama, nkhuku, ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi mazira kuti zisamawonongeke.

USDA imakonzanso ntchito zothandizira anthu a ku America kupeza chakudya chokwanira. The Southal Nutrition Application Program (SNAP), maprogramu a kusukulu, ndi njira zina za chakudya chopatsa thanzi zimatchula kusatetezeka kwa chakudya ndipo zimapititsa patsogolo chakudya chabwino, makamaka kwa ana ndi mabanja opeza bwino.

Kuyendetsa Mphamvu za Mphamvu ya Magetsi ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo Chuma

Dipatimenti ya Energy Department imayang'anira njira ya mphamvu ya America, pulogalamu ya zida za nyukiliya, ndi kufufuza za mphamvu. Dipatimentiyi imapititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi, imachirikiza kuyambitsidwa kwa mphamvu zokhalakonso, imayang'anira malo osungirako magetsi a Stracleum, ndipo imayang'anira malo opangira zida za nyukiliya. DOE akuyendetsanso ntchito zofufuza za dziko pofufuza sayansi yopita patsogolo.

Antchito a ku nthambi amathandiza kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana: kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zimene anthu amapereka ndi zokwana, kuchepetsa mphamvu zimene amagwiritsa ntchito m’mayiko ena, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kusintha kwa zinthu zoyeretsa zamagetsi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumathandiza kuti ntchito ya nthambi ikhale yodalirika komanso yodalirika.

Mavuto Amene Nthambi Yotsogolera Ikukumana Nawo

Kuchuluka ndi kuvuta kwa boma kumachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azigwirizana ndiponso kuyendetsa bwino zinthu.

Kusintha kwa ndale kumachititsa kuti anthu azisinthasintha zochita pa nkhani ya maulamuliro, ndipo ngati pulezidenti ndi Congress ayamba kuyendera magulu osiyanasiyana, kusamvana pankhani ya malamulo ndi kuikidwa kwa anthu kungachititse kuti boma lithe.

Kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga kumathandiza kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino komanso kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino pa Intaneti.

Kudalira boma kwachepa m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zimene zachititsa kuti nthambi yoyang’anira ivutike kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi kukonzanso bwino zinthu.

Mavuto apadziko lonse monga kusintha kwa nyengo, uchigaŵenga, miliri, ndi kusakhazikika kwa chuma amafunikira kuchita mogwirizana kuti pakhale malire a mwambo pakati pa mabungwe a m’dziko ndi a maiko ena.

Tsogolo la Nthambi Yotsogolera

Nthambi yaikulu ikupitirizabe kusintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu ndiponso mavuto atsopano.

Ena amanena kuti maulamuliro a akuluakulu a boma apeza mphamvu zambiri, makamaka m’madera monga chitetezo cha dzikolo ndi malamulo a mayiko ena, ndiponso kuti pakufunika kuonetsetsa kuti anthu asakhale ndi ufulu wochita zinthu zina.

Madera ena ayamba kupangidwa kuti azikhala ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana, pamene ena akutengedwa m’mayiko ena.

Masinthidwe a moyo, kuphatikizapo chiŵerengero cha anthu okalamba ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, adzayambukira zinthu zofunika ndi ntchito za nthambi zapamwamba.

Kuti nyengo isinthe, pamafunika kusintha kwambiri mmene nthambi yaikulu imagwirira ntchito, kuyambira pa kuyendetsa masoka a nyengo mpaka pa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya magetsi kuti anthu azitha kusintha n’kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za magetsi.

Kumaliza: Nthambi Yoyang’anira Demokalase ya ku America

Nthambi yapamwamba imathandiza kwambiri pa demokalase ya ku America, kukhazikitsa malamulo, kupereka ntchito, kuteteza chitetezo, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za boma. Kuchokera pa utsogoleri wa pulezidenti mpaka ntchito ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a boma, nthambi yaikulu imakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa ku America.

Kuzindikira mmene nthambi yaikulu imagwirira ntchito n’kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale nzika yodziŵa bwino. Zosankha zopangidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi mabungwe akuluakulu zimakhudza chuma chathu, chitetezo chathu, malo amene tikukhala, thanzi lathu, ndi moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwa kumvetsa dongosolo la nthambi ya akuluakulu, maulamuliro, ndi maudindo, nzika zingaone bwino lomwe mmene boma lingachitire, kuchititsa atsogoleri kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kutengamo mbali mwachipambano m’ulamuliro wa demokrase.

Nthambi yaikulu imayendera m'dongosolo la kupima ndi kulinganiza kolinganizidwa kuletsa kuikidwa kwa mphamvu zambiri m'bungwe limodzi. Pamene kuli kwakuti Prezidentiyo ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu, mphamvuyo imalamulidwa ndi Congress, makhoti, ndipo pomalizira pake ndi anthu a ku America kupyolera m’masankho. Dongosololi latsimikizira kukhala lolimba kwambiri pazaka zoposa mazana aŵiri, kusinthira ku mikhalidwe yosintha pamene likusunga mkhalidwe wake wofunika.

Dziko la America lili ndi mavuto atsopano m’zaka za zana la makumi aŵiri ndi loyamba, nthambi yaikulu idzapitiriza kusintha ndi kusintha. Kupambana kudzafuna utsogoleri wabwino, luso la zopangapanga, luso la zopangapanga, ndi kudzipereka kokhazikika ku mapulinsipulo a ulamuliro wa demokalase. Mwa kuzindikira mmene nthambi ya akuluakulu a ntchito yawo ndi kuiŵerengera ntchito yake, nzika zingathandize kuti zipitirizebe kutumikira anthu a ku America mogwira mtima kwa mibadwo ikubwera.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za nthambi ya akuluakulu ndi mmene imagwirira ntchito, pitani pa webusaiti ya akuluakulu a boma Nyumba Yamlungu kapena zofufuzira pa USA.gov , web ya boma.