Kumvetsetsa Mapepala a Oyang’anira Amakono

Zolemba 85 zimenezi zinalembedwa poyambirira m’manyuzipepala a New York pakati pa 1787 ndi 1788, kukopa anthu kuti alembe nkhani zimenezi, James Madison, ndi John Jay pansi pa dzina la pepala logaŵidwa limodzi lakuti “Publist,". Malamulo a m'zaka za zana la 18 alipobe ntchito zofunika kwambiri za andale za ku America. Mabuku 85 ameneŵa anafalitsidwa poyambirira m’manyuzipepala a New York pakati pa 1787 ndi 17888888 kuti akope anthu kuti alembe U. Malamulo a m'malamulo a U.S. Pamene kuli kwakuti mawu apatsogolo a m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi mahatchi ake, mapepala a quill, ndi makalaŵa owopsa oyendera mphamvu za boma, amachitidwa motani, ndipo malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa maboma andale zadziko, ndipo kuyenderana kwa maupandu ogwirizana ndi kutsutsa kwake kwa maboma a dziko la United States.

Kodi nzika zingasunge motani mlandu wa oimira awo? Mwa kufunsa mafunso ameneŵa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito maleresi a Federal List Papers, mumakhala ndi maziko opendera nkhani zamakono, monga: Kodi ndilo lamulo la Khoti Lalikulu, lamulo la pulezidenti, kuyang’anira koyang’anira bungwe, kapena kutsutsana kwa kumaloko.

Kupatukana kwa Maulamuliro: Kuŵerengera Boma

Limodzi la malingaliro otchuka kwambiri mu Federalist Papers ndilo kugawa kwa maulamuliro, kumene kuli kugaŵidwa kwa boma kukhala nthambi zitatu zosiyana: lamulo (Conference), mkulu (Prezidenti ndi mabungwe a boma), ndi jaji (makhoti), mfundo imeneyi ndi yosanthulidwa kwambiri [[FOL:0] Fiteralist. [47 ndi [FOL:2] Opastrist No. [1] [mabwalo a boma], pamene James Maulamuliro onse, nduna, nduna, ndi judiary, m’manja, kaya amodzi, ochepa, kapena ambiri, anganenedwe bwino lomwe. Chifunochi cha kusiyanitsa chimenechi ndi [1]

Ngati mukudziwa kuti pali malamulo amene amachititsa kuti boma lizidzipatula, mungafunse kuti: Kodi lamulo limeneli likulowa m’manja mwa akuluakulu a nthambi, kapena likupitirira udindo wawo? Kodi bungwe la boma likakhazikitsa malamulo, mungaganize kuti: Kodi bungweli lili ndi ulamuliro walamulo umene bungwe la Congress linakhazikitsa? Kodi Khoti Lalikulu likaphwanya lamulolo, kapena likuphwanya udindo wake?

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mfundo imeneyi, mungatsatire izi:

  • Track imene nthambi imachitapo kanthu [ pa nkhani zimene mumadera nkhaŵa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli wodera nkhaŵa ndi malamulo a zaumoyo, onani ngati kusinthako kwachokera ku Congress (kusintha), Pulezidenti (dongosolo lophera kapena lamulo la bungwe), kapena makhoti (kulamulira). Nthambi iliyonse ili ndi malire ndi mayeso osiyanasiyana.
  • Kutsatira nkhani za mikangano ya pakati pa zidutswa, yonga pamene Congress ifufuza nthambi ya akuluakulu, pamene Prezidenti anena chikalata, kapena pamene makhoti alamulira pa lamulo. Nthaŵi zimenezi ndizo mfundo zimene kusiyanitsa maulamuliro kumaoneka kwambiri.
  • Kufunsa oimira anu ndi mafunso odziŵitsidwa. Mmalo mwa kungonena kuti “Tsatirani lamuloli,” munganene kuti“ Lamuloli lidzapatsa nthambi yatsopano ya maulamuliro aakulu . Kodi maulamulirowo ayenera kupendedwa ndi chiweruzo?] Oimira anu ali othekera kwambiri kulabadira mfundo zanu pamene musonyeza kuti mukumvetsetsa malamulo a boma.

Kusiyanitsa mphamvu si chinthu chachilendo, koma kumasintha mwa kumasulira ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

Kupatukana kwa Mphamvu Kuchitidwa: Zitsanzo Zitatu Zenizeni za Dziko

Kuwona lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino limeneli likuchitidwa lerolino, talingalirani za mikangano itatu yaposachedwapa. Choyamba, mkangano wa malamulo a boma: Mapresidenti kuchokera kwa magulu onse aŵiri agwiritsira ntchito malamulo a akuluakulu okhazikitsa malamulo a kusamukirako, koma osuliza akutsutsa kuti masinthidwe aakulu ayenera kubwera mwa malamulo operekedwa ndi Congress. Kumvetsetsa kulekana kwa maulamuliro kukutheketsani kupenda mbali imene ili ndi mfundo yalamulo yolimba kwambiri. Chachiŵiri, kugwiritsira ntchito kwa malamulo a boma: Nyumba za Malamulo nthaŵi zina zayesa kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amalola kukhazikitsa malamulo a bungwe la oyendetsa zinthu, koma Khoti Lali lapamwamba lachititsa mapangano ameneŵa kukhala ndi mbali yaikulu ya kulekana chifukwa chakuti limaswa mphamvu za Pulezidenti kuswa malamulo. Chachitatu, kumenyana pa malamulo a boma: Njira yotsimikizira oweruza onse aŵiri (kugwirizanitsa) ndi matabi a bungwe la nthambi (kukhazikitsa) ndi kutsutsana kwa mphamvu za kugaŵana kwa mapangano andale.

Mapeketi ndi Kulinganizika: Kuŵerengera Mphamvu

Chogwirizana kwambiri ndi kulekana kwa maulamuliro ndi njira ya macheke ndi malingana, zimene zimapatsa nthambi iliyonse zida zapadera zochepetsera zochita zina. Federal List Mapers amayang'anira kwambiri nkhani imeneyi, makamaka mu "Federalist'Ayi. [48 FLT:1] ndi [FLT] [FLT] [Ayi]. 51 . Madiane analemba motchuka kuti “kukhumba kuyenera kuchitidwa, kutanthauza kuti kudzifunira padera nthambi iliyonse kungathandizire ena kuyang'ana. Pulezidenti angakhoze kuchotsa lamulo la aŵiri ndi kuchotsapo mapangano; mapangano a boma angachititse kukhazikitsa malamulo; mapangano ena kukhazikitsa mapangano ena.

Kwa nzika wamba, machenjezo ndi kulinganizika ndiko njira zogwirira ntchito zimene zimatsimikizira kuti palibe nthambi imodzi imene ingalamulire.

  • Prezidenti akaswa lamulo lotsutsana, mungafunse ngati Nyumba ya Malamulo inali ndi mavoti oti igonjetse lamulo lothekera, ndi ngati makhoti angaiike paupandu pambuyo pake.
  • Pamene woweruza wa boma apereka lamulo loletsa lamulo m’dziko lonselo, mungapende kaya ngati zoweruzazo zikukankhidwa ndi bwalo lamilandu lapamwamba kapena ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo.
  • Pamene bungwe la boma lichita machenjera, mungachirikize kapena kutsutsa zoyesayesa za boma za kuchepetsa ndalama zake, kuchepetsa ulamuliro wake wokhazikitsa malamulo, kapena kuliyang’anira mokakamizika.

Mungathenso kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chanu cha macheke ndi kulinganiza kuwona kachitidwe ka akuluakulu osankhidwa. Ngati chiŵalo cha Msonkhano chidzitamandira kukhala “njati,” mungafunse ngati akugwiritsira ntchitodi zida zopezeka . monga ngati subpoanas, makomiti kufufuza, ndi mphamvu ya chikwamacho . Ngati Pulezidenti afuna mphamvu zazikulu, mungapende ngati nthambi zina zabwerera kumbuyo. Dongosolo limagwira ntchito bwino pamene nzika zawo zipereka chisamaliro ndi kufuna kuti zigwiritsire ntchito machekesi awo pamene ataya.

Mmene Nzika Zingagwiritsire Ntchito Njira Zoyang’anira

Chimodzi chimene chimayang'aniridwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mbali ya macheke ndi kulinganiza ndicho mbali ya kugawana kwapoyera m'kuyang'anira. Makomiti ambiri a msonkhano amalandira umboni wapoyera, ndipo mabungwe afunikira kufalitsa malamulo operekedwa kaamba ka ndemanga zapoyera. Mwa kupereka ndemanga kapena kupereka umboni pakumva, mungadziŵitse lingaliro lanu m'dongosolo. Uku ndiko kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa lamulo lachindunji lamakhalidwe a Federalist lakuti anthu ali oyang'anitsitsa boma / pambuyo pa zonse, Malamulo onse amazikidwa pa ulamuliro wotchuka. Pamene muchita ntchito monga nzika yaluntha imene Azarsin khulupirira kuti angateteze ufulu.

Kuwonjezerapo, mukhoza kuchirikiza magulu amene amayang'anira kulinganiza kwa mphamvu, monga magulu amene amatsata malamulo a akuluakulu, zoyesayesa zauyang'aniro, kapena zigamulo zachiweruzo. National Archives imapereka magwero aakulu monga Federalist Papers, pamene kuli kwakuti LGEAL Information Institute [ imapatsa matembenuzidwe olembedwa a Malamulo. Mwa kuŵerenga magwero ameneŵa, mumakhala ndi zoyenerera kuzindikira pamene cheketi yagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kunyalanyazidwa.

Kulinganiza Umodzi wa Dzikolo ndi Ufulu wa Malo

Federalist Papers imapanga nkhani yaikulu ya chipani cha boma . kugaŵikana kwa mphamvu pakati pa boma la dziko ndi maboma. Federalist No. 39, James Madison analongosola boma lolingaliridwalo kukhala “siliyense kapena lachigwirizano, [1] koma lachibadwidwe lomwe likapeza mphamvu kuchokera ku magawo onse aŵiri. Federalist No. , adanena kuti mphamvu zoperekedwa ku boma la United States ndi “zochepa ndi kufotokozedwa, pamene zotsala ndi maboma zinali“ zopanda malire ndi zosatha. [kulinganizako kwa boma kumbuyoku, mfundo za ulamuliro wa dziko la American.

Kwa nzika za dziko lerolino, chigwirizano cha boma chimatanthauza kuti nkhani zambiri zimene zimayambukira mwachindunji moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku zimagamulidwa pa mlingo wa boma kapena kumaloko(maphunziro, zoyendera, malo oyendera, apolisi, malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu onse, ndi mbali zambiri za malamulo a malo ozungulira. Kumvetsetsa zimenezi kumakulolani kugaŵira mphamvu zanu za dziko lapansi mogwira mtima kwambiri. Ngati mukugwiritsidwa mwala ndi kusokonezeka kwa dziko lanu, mungasunge maganizo anu pa ndale zadziko ndi za kumaloko, kumene voti yanu kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ndi kulemera kowonjezereka ndipo pamene mungathe kuona zotsatirapo zambiri.

Kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino la utundu m’moyo wanu:

  • Tsatirani ku bungwe lanu la boma ndi la mzinda. Zosankha zambiri zowopsya [1] monga mmene ndalama zanu za msonkho zimawonongedwera, mtundu wa sukulu zimene ana anu amaloŵa, mmene malo amapitira, ndi njira zaumoyo za anthu zikupangidwa pa milingo imeneyi. Pitani ku misonkhano yakumaloko, ŵerengani nkhani za kumaloko, ndi voti m'masankhoti a kumaloko.
  • Kuyerekezera malamulo m'maboma onse. Ngati muwona lamulo lachipambano m'boma lina (m., kukonzanso kwachigaŵenga, programu ya mphamvu yokhoza kukonzedwanso, kapena lamulo losankhira), mungachirikize njira yofananayo m'boma lanu. Lingaliro la kuyesa boma ndi lamoyo ndi labwino.
  • Pansi pa malire a mphamvu ya boma. Pamene boma la dziko lichitapo kanthu, funsani ngati liri ndi ulamuliro wa lamulo kuchita zimenezo. National Constitution Center imapereka chuma chapamwamba pa ulamuliro ndi ukulu wa ulamuliro wa boma. Ngati mukhulupirira lamulo la boma, mukhoza kuchirikiza zitokoso m’khoti kapena kuchirikiza maulamuliro kuchirikiza zoyenera zawo pansi pa Demendment.

Kugaŵanikana ndi Kugaŵanika kwa Ndale Kwamakono

Federalism kaŵirikaŵiri imalimbana ndi ndale zadziko zamakono. Nkhani zina zomwe poyamba zinali zakomweko . Zonga ngati kuchotsa mimba, kulembetsa mwalamulo, kuletsa mfuti, ndi kukhazikitsa dziko . Tsopano ndi nkhani ya mikangano yaikulu ya boma. Kumvetsetsa kwa Federal list kukuthandizani kuyang'anira mikangano imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, ochirikiza lamulo la boma la chamba kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula mfundo za lamulo la boma la boma kuti litsutse bomalo kuti lizisintha. Otsutsa boma angaloze Supremacy Clace (Acle VI wa Malamulo) kutsutsa kuti lamulo la boma liyenera kupambana. Mwa kuŵerenga Federation Papers, mukhoza kuona kuti Framests , ndi kupanga dongosolo lolinganizidwa kuwalamulira kudzera m'kangano, ndi kugawa, ndipo pomalizira pake, nzika zandale zadziko zanu, monga momwe mungathe kugawanirana ndi kutsutsa kwanu, ndi kutchula za boma, kuti mukhale olengeza bwino kwambiri.

Umodzi Wolimbikitsa: Nzika Monga Guardian of Ufulu

Mwinamwake kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa Federalist Paper kwa nzika zamakono kuli kupempha kwawo chidziŵitso ndi kukhala ndi phande kokangalika. Olemba nkhaniwo sanakhulupirire kuti Maconstitution imagwira ntchito modzifunira; anadziŵa kuti imadalira pa nzeru ndi ubwino wa anthu. M'mawu ena, 55 [FLT:] "[FLT] ", Madison analemba kuti: “Monga pali mlingo wa kuipitsidwa kwa anthu umene umafuna mlingo wakutiwakuti ndi kusakhulupirira, chotero pali mikhalidwe ina m’chilengedwe imene imalungamitsa mbali ina ya ulemu ndi chidaliro. M’mawu ena, dongosololilinganizidwira anthu omwe onse aŵiri ali okayikira mphamvu ndi makhalidwe abwino mokwanira kuyesa kuyenera kwawo.

Kupangana pangano la pangano la pangano la bungwe la Federal Papers kumaposa pa kuvota kokha (Kunena za kuvota nkofunika).

  • [[FLT : 0] Phunzitsani nokha [[FLT :1] ponena za Malamulo, nthambi za boma, ndi nkhani zamakono. Werengani Federal List Papers . Ndi zolembera zazifupi ndi zopezeka. Libertary of Congress imapereka ndandanda ya manambala yokhala ndi malemba onse.
  • Kufufuza kwa anthu a m’dziko limodzi, ngakhale amene simugwirizana nawo. Olembawo anakhulupirira kuti lipabuliki lalikulu lingagwirizane chifukwa likaphatikizapo malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ubwino wa mkangano, osati zipinda, ndiwo mwazi wa moyo wa demokrase.
  • Kuloŵa m'zipani za ndale zadziko, magulu achifuniro, kapena magulu achitaganya amene amachirikiza malingaliro anu. Federalist Papers inazindikira kuti timagulu (zimene tingatche lero titi magulu achiwongola dzanja) n’zosapeŵeka, koma kuti chisonkhezero chawo chingayang'anizane ndi dziko lalikulu ndi boma loyamwitsidwa bwino.
  • Kutumikira pa majuli, kupezeka pamisonkhano yapoyera, ndi kuthamangira ku ofesi. Izi ndi njira zachindunji zosonyezera ulamuliro monga nzika. Mapepala a Federalist amagogomezera kuti anthu ndiwo magwero a ulamuliro wonse; chotero, kutengamo mbali sikuli kuyenera kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwa apa ndi apo, koma ntchito yofunika kuitenga mwamphamvu.

.“ Maboma a boma ndi Boma ali kwenikweni koma oimira ndi odalirika osiyanasiyana a anthu, opangidwa ndi maulamuliro osiyanasiyana, ndi olinganizidwa kaamba ka zifuno zosiyana. — James Madison, Federal List Na. 46

Chitokoso chamakono nchakuti nzika zambiri zimadzimva kukhala zothedwa nzeru ndi kucholoŵana kwa boma kapena kugwiritsidwa mwala ndi malo oikidwiratu. Koma Federalist Papers imapereka mankhwala: mwa kusumika maganizo pa kapangidwe ndi malamulo, mungathetse phokosolo. Mmalo mwa kutayika m’kufuula kodabwitsa, mungafunse mafunso: Kodi nthambi ino ikupitirira? Kodi lamulo limeneli likutsata ulamuliro wa boma? Kodi limagwira ntchito monga momwe amafunira? Kodi mafunsowa amakusinthani kuchokera kwa woyang’anira wakhamanthauzira kukhala woyang’anira dongosolo la malamulo.

Mfundo Zoona ndi Zoopsa za Kupatukana: Maphunziro Ochokera kwa Wolemba Federal Na.

Palibe kukambitsirana kwa Federalist Mapepala kumene kungakhale kokwanira popanda kutchula magulu. Mu Federal No. 10 , James Madison anathetsa vuto la kulinganiza , chimene analongosola monga gulu la nzika zogwirizana ndi chikondwerero chimodzi chimene chimawononga ufulu wa nzika zina kapena ku ubwino wachikhalire ndi wokakamiza wa chitaganya. Iye anatsutsa kuti lipabuliki lalikulu lingakhale labwino kuposa laling'ono polamulira zotsatirapo zake, chifukwa chikapangitsa kuvuta pa mfundo iliyonse yokhudzana ndi chifukwa chakuti likawonjezera chiŵerengero cha zikondwerero zopikisana, kulolera kugonja.

Masiku ano, tikukhala m’nthawi yandale ndipo maphunziro a Federalist No. 10 ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Nzikazi zingagwiritse ntchito nzeru za Madison motere:

  • Kuzindikira upandu wa “demokrase yoyera” [1] Kulamulira kwachindunji kopanda malamulo otetezera. Mafuremu anapanga dala republic, ndi kuimira, mphamvu zopatukana, ndi lamulo la ufulu, kutetezera ufulu wa anthu ochepa ndi kuletsa nkhanza zambiri.
  • Kugwirizanitsa magulu m'mapatuko. M'lipabuliki yaikulu, palibe gulu limodzi limene lingakwaniritse zolinga zake lokha. Mukhoza kumanga milatho ndi magulu amene ali ndi zolinga zosiyana koma kugaŵana maziko ofanana .] Ogwirizana ndi ochirikiza ufulu angathandize kuti boma lizioneka bwino, mwachitsanzo.
  • Mabungwe operekera malingaliro amene amachirikiza, monga maholo a tauni, mawailesi, ndi maphunziro a anthu. Nzika zambiri zikamayang'anizana ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, sizimaloŵa m'gulu logawanika kwambiri.
  • Madison anachenjeza kuti magulu a anthu amatsogozedwa ndi “chidwi kapena chikondwerero m'malo mwa kulingalira. Mukakumana ndi mawu andale, funsani ngati cholinga chake n’chosonkhezera maganizo kapena kuchirikiza mkangano wozikidwa pa mfundo ndi malamulo a malamulo.

M’dziko lina, anthu ambiri amalephera kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma.

Kupenda Chiweruzo: Mphamvu ya Makhoti ndi Mbali ya Nzika

Pamene kuli kwakuti Konsichushoniyo simapatsa mwachindunji Khoti Lalikulu mphamvu ya kulengeza malamulo popanda malamulo, Mapepala a Federalist amapanga mlandu wamphamvu kaamba ka kupenda kwachiweruzo. Mu Federalist Ayi. , Alexander Hamilton adatsutsa kuti jaji ikakhala “nthambi yaupandu" chifukwa chakuti ilibe ulamuliro pa lupanga kapena chikwama [1] kokha. Iye ananena kuti oweruza ayenera kumasulira malamulo kukhala aakulu ku ntchito iriyonse ya komalamulo, ndi kuti ali ndi thayo la kunyalanyaza malamulo amene amatsutsana ndi lamulo lalikulu.

Kwa nzika, kupenda kwachiweruzo komvetsetsa nkofunika m’kuloŵetsedwa m’makhoti.

  • Amatsatira milandu yaikulu ya Khoti Lalikulu yomwe imamasulira Konsichushoni. Ma Website onga Oyez amapereka zojambula ndi chidule cha mfundo za pakamwa. Kumvetsera ku mfundo za zoweruza kumakuthandizani kumvetsa mmene kupenda komiti kumagwira ntchito.
  • [[FLT: 0] Submit amcus curiae (bwenzi la khoti”) ndi machidule mwa magulu amene muli. Magulu ambiri a anthu amapanga madeti kuti adziŵitse Khoti za kuchuluka kwa nkhani. Iyi ndi njira yachindunji yakuti nzika zikhale ndi phande m’kachitidwe kachiweruzo.
  • Advocate kaamba ka ufulu wa chiweruzo. Mapepala a Federal List akutsutsa kuti oweruza ayenera kutumikira mkati mwa khalidwe labwino (i, moyo) kuwatetezera ku chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko. Pamene muwona ziukiro pa jaji . kaya kwa akuluakulu osankhidwa kapena kwa anthu . kumbukirani kuti jaji yodziimira payokha iri maziko a dongosolo. Mukhoza kulankhula mochirikiza kudziimira kwa komiti ya chiweruzo.

Kupenda koweruza kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsutsana, makamaka pamene Bwalo lamilandu ligwetsa malamulo oikidwa mwademokrase. Koma Federalist Papers imatikumbutsa kuti chifuno cha malamulo olembedwa ndicho kuika malamulo ena oyenera kukhala osafikirika ndi madera aakulu kwakanthaŵi. Monga nzika, mungalemekeze mbali imeneyo pamene mukuyesayesanso kukonza malamulowo kupyolera m’dongosolo loyenera (Article V) ngati simukugwirizana ndi kumasulira kwa khoti. Dongosololo limalinganizidwira kukhala lokhazikika ndi losinthika.

Kubweretsa Maganizo: Zochita Zothandiza

Mapepala a Federalist akupereka nthanthi yogwirizana ya boma, koma phindu lake lenileni limadalira pa mmene mumawagwiritsira ntchito. m’munsimu muli makonzedwe othandiza amene nzika iliyonse ingagwiritsire ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi malingaliro a Publius:

  1. Werengani Mapepala atatu a Federal [[Federal:1] amene amasumika maganizo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana: No. 10 (zochita), Ayi 51 (kugawa mphamvu ndi macheke ndi mayeso), ndi Na. 78 (zithunzi). Mukhoza kuwapeza kwaulere pa Intaneti. Mukhoza kupeza mfundo zofunika ndi kuzigwirizanitsa ndi zochitika zamakono.
  2. Ziloleni ku nyuzipepala ya anthu osasankha kapena kutsatira malo onga National Constitution Center yomwe imakambitsirana nthaŵi zonse nkhani za lamulo logwirizana. Zimenezi zidzakupangitsani kudziŵa nkhani, malamulo, ndi machitidwe apamwamba amene amadzutsa kulekana kwa mphamvu kapena mafunso a boma.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Anayambitsa msonkhano wa boma wakwawoko [1] . msonkhano wa bungwe, bungwe la sukulu, kapena bungwe lachigawo . "Pafupifupi kamodzi m'miyezi itatu yotsatira. Onetsetsani mmene zosankha zimachitidwira ndi kumene macheke a mphamvu (monga ngati ndemanga zapoyera kapena uyang’aniro wa nyuzi) amaseŵerera. Ganizirani kulankhula pamsonkhano pa nkhani imene mumasamala.
  4. Lemba kalata kwa woimira wanu wa United States ponena za nkhani yalamulo. Mukhoza kulemba mfundo zanu pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za m'mapepala a Federal List. Mwachitsanzo: “Ndikulemba kuti ndifotokoze nkhaŵa yanga kuti lamulo lolingaliridwalo likawonjezera mphamvu ya ulamuliro popanda kufufuza kokwanira kwa lamulo, mosiyana ndi malamulo osonyezedwa mu Federation List. No. 51.
  5. Kulankhulana ndi munthu wina amene ali ndi malingaliro osiyana andale. M’malo mwa kukangana za malamulo, kambiranani mfundo zalamulo zotsatizana. Funsani: “Kodi muganiza kuti izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pa mlingo wa boma kapena wa boma? . kapena “Kodi nthambi ziyenera kukambirana motani pankhaniyi? "Kukambitsirana kumeneku kumakulitsa kumvetsetsana kwa dongosolo lino, ngakhale pamene simukugwirizana.

Mwa kuchita masitepe ameneŵa, mukuchitadi zimene olemba Federalist Papers anayembekezera: Mukukhala nzika yokangalika, yodziŵa bwino imene imazindikira kuti ufulu sumadalira pa nzeru ya anthu oŵerengeka, koma pa pangano la ambiri.

Kumaliza: Kukwera Kwachikhalire kwa Mapepala a Mafupa Oyendera Mafupa

Federalist Papers adalembedwa kupambana nkhondo ya ndale zadziko yeniyeni . . Koma anapambana kuchita kanthu kena kokulirapo: iwo analongosola nthanthi ya boma imene yatsogolera United States ku nkhondo, mavuto a zachuma, kusakhazikika kwa kakhalidwe, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga. Kwa nzika zamakono, zolembera zimenezi siziri zopanda fumbi. Ziri zolembedwa zothandiza kuwongolera kuvuta kwa dziko lamakono. Pamene mumvetsetsa kulekana kwa maulamuliro, mungathe kuona kupyolera mwa kuchenjera kwa akuluakulu a boma. Pamene muzindikira machekeso ndi malingana, mungafune kuyankha mlandu kuchokera ku nthambi zonse. Pamene muyamikira chigwirizano cha boma, mukhoza kuchita nawo zinthu zimene nzika zambiri za chitaganya chanu. Ndipo pamene mulandira mbali ya nzika ya nzikazo monga Aphiliani, mukhoza kuyesa kuyesa kuyesa kwa kampani ya ku America.

Mapepala a Federalist amafunsa funso lalikulu lakuti: Kodi munthu angadzilamulire yekha? Yankho siliperekedwa; limapezedwa kupyolera mwa kufunitsitsa kwa mbadwo uliwonse kuphunzira, kutengamo mbali, ndi kutetezera Lamulo. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro a m’zolemba zimenezi lerolino, mumathandizira kuyankha limenelo / ndipo mumathandiza kutsimikizira kuti boma limene anathandiza likhale lolimba kaamba ka mtsogolo.