Table of Contents
Mmene Oyendetsa Madzi Akuyendera Posamukira ku Mizinda Yolimba
Kusintha kumeneku kwabweretsa mpata ndi mavuto. Anthu a ku United Kingdom ayamba kuthandiza kwambiri kukonza mizinda yawo. M’malo ogwirizana ndi boma lokha, atsogoleri a mayikowa akukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo amene amathandiza anthu atsopano kukhala ndi moyo, kupereka ndalama komanso kuthandizira.
Kusintha si njira imodzi yokha yopezera zinthu. Kufuna kudziŵana kwa kumaloko, kugwirizana ndi anthu, ndi kudzipereka kopitirizabe. Oyendetsa galimoto ali ndi udindo wopereka zonsezi. Zoyesayesa zawo zokhudza nyumba, ntchito, maphunziro, maphunziro, maphunziro, zochitika za chikhalidwe, ndi kutetezeka kwa anthu. Ngati zichitidwa bwino, kugwirizanitsa kumapindulitsa aliyense — kukulitsa chuma cha kumaloko, kupindulitsa moyo wa chikhalidwe, ndi kulimbitsa nsalu za anthu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mmene oyang’anira mzinda amathandizira anthu ochokera m’mayiko ena m’mizinda ya UK, ikufotokoza zimene anthu akuchita m’dzikolo, ndipo ikufotokoza chifukwa chake masiku ano pali zinthu zambiri zokhudza atsogoleri a m’deralo kuposa kale lonse.
Ntchito ya Majekeseni Yochuluka
Oyang’anira malo a UK aona ntchito zawo zikukula m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makamaka m'madera audindo limodzi ndi mphamvu zopotozedwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la kusamuka lidakali nkhani ya dziko, kugwirizana — njira imene alendo amakhala okangalika, olandiridwa a m'madera awo atsopano — ali achibadwa. Mayester amalamulira kapena kusonkhezera zinthu zofunika zimene zimakhudza moyo wa anthu osamukirako: zoyendera, njira zosungira nyumba, maphunziro a anthu achikulire, kuchirikiza malonda, ndi ndalama za chikhalidwe.
Kukonda kwambiri malowa kumathandiza oyang’anira mzindawo kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zimene mizinda yawo imafunikira. Meya wa mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri othawa kwawo amakumana ndi mavuto osiyana kusiyana ndi amene amakhala mumzinda amene amakopa anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena kuti apeze chuma. Kusinthasintha n’kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha mapulogalamu onse a dziko.
Mayaya amatumikiranso monga mawu a anthu onse olankhula mobisa. Mawu awo ndi zochita zawo zimaikira tsatanetsatane wa mzinda wonse. Meya akalandira poyera othaŵa kwawo kapena kutsutsa kulankhula kotsutsana ndi kusamuka, amatumiza chizindikiro kwa onse aŵiri alendo ndi kwanthaŵi yaitali ponena za makhalidwe a mzindawo.
Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Kukambitsirana
Imodzi mwa njira zooneka kwambiri zimene oyang’anira mzinda amathandizira kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi kukhazikitsa zipani. Zinthu zimenezi ndi zochitika zikuluzikulu mpaka mapulogalamu oyendera anthu a m'dera linalake kapena a mafuko. Mapwando a m'mayiko, misika ya chakudya, ndi nyimbo zimagwirizanitsa anthu osiyanasiyana.
Mameya ena akhazikitsa malo ochitirako misonkhano kumene atsogoleri a anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena angawonjezere nkhaŵa zawo.
M’mizinda imene muli anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe fuko lililonse limene lili ndi anthu ambiri, meya wakhazikitsa magulu a akazembe a boma.
Chinenero, Ntchito, ndi Luso Zimathandiza
Luso la chilankhulo limadziwika kuti ndilo vuto limodzi lalikulu kwambiri lolepheretsa anthu kukhala ndi anzawo a Chingelezi. Popanda luso, anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena amavutika kupeza ntchito, kusamala zaumoyo, kuchirikiza maphunziro a ana awo, kapena kukhala ndi phande m’moyo wa anthu a boma. Mayesi achitapo kanthu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za Chingelezi pothandiza anthu a zinenero zina (ESOL), kaŵirikaŵiri pogwirizana ndi makoleji, malaibulale, ndi mabungwe odzifunira.
Kuthandiza anthu pantchito ndi chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Makampani akugwira ntchito ndi mabizinesi a m’dzikolo kuti apange njira zogwirira ntchito anthu osamukira kumayiko ena, kuphatikizapo anthu amene ali ndi ziyeneretso zopezedwa kumayiko akunja. Ena ayambitsa njira zauphungu zimene anthu osamukira kumayiko ena akugwira ntchito m’gawo lawo. Ena apanga makampani opezera ntchito ndi maluso amene amathandiza atsopanowo kukwaniritsa maluso awo a ntchito za m'dzikolo.
Maprogramu ameneŵa saali ongofuna kusamala zachuma. Matauni ambiri a UK amasoŵa maluso monga kusamala zaumoyo, kumanga, kuchereza alendo, ndi luso la zopangapanga. Anthu osamukira kudziko akakhala ndi maluso amene mafakitale ameneŵa amafuna. Mwa kuthandiza atsopano kupeza ntchito zoyenerera, a meya amalimbitsa chuma cha m’mizinda yawo.
Nyumba ndi Kuchuluka kwa Anthu
Kusintha kwa anthu amene asamukira m’mayiko ena kungachititse kuti anthu osauka ayambe kuchulukana komanso kudana ndi anthu a mitundu ina, kungachititse kuti anthu asamathe kulankhulana bwino, kuchepetsa ntchito, ndiponso kuchepetsa kugwirizana ndi anthu ambiri.
Meya wina walimbikitsa malo okhala ndi anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amaletsa kupangidwa kwa madera akutali. Ena agwira ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti othaŵa kwawo ndi ofuna kopulumukira azikhala m’madera amene ali ndi zipangizo zabwino za mayendedwe, sukulu, ndi mautumiki a boma, mmalo moikidwa m'malo akutali kapena osoŵa. Zigamulo zimenezi zimasintha kwambiri majeti ogwirizanitsa anthu.
Anthu otere amakambirananso ndi anthu osowa pokhala pogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe osamalira malowo. M’mizinda ina, meya wachita ntchito zolimbikitsa anthu ogona panyumba ndi ogona pakati pa anthu osamukira kudziko ndi anthu anthaŵi yaitali, kuyambitsa njira zopezera nyumba zokhoza kugulitsira ndi mwayi wolankhulana ndi anthu ena.
Anthu Oyamba Kuloŵa M’mizinda ya UK
Nazi zitsanzo za m’mizinda ya UK kumene utsogoleri wa meya wapanga kusiyana kosavuta kupambana.
Birmingham: Kumanga Milatho Kudzera M’mabizinesi
Birmingham ndi umodzi wa mizinda ya UK yosiyana kwambiri, yokhala ndi mbiri yaitali ya kusamuka. Mayor wa West Midwants adayambitsa kugwirizanitsa chuma monga njira yoloŵeramo mokulira. chigawochi chimaphatikizapo malo enieni ochepetsera mipata ya ntchito pakati pa anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi anthu osasamukira ku dziko lina.
Njira imodzi yodziwira ndi Birmingham Business Mentoring Programme, yomwe imagwirizanitsa anthu amalonda osamukira kumayiko ena ndi eni mabizinesi a m'dziko. Otengamo mbali amalandira malangizo okhudza kuyendetsa malamulo a UK, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, ndi kumanga nyumba. pulogalamuyi yathandiza mabizinesi ambiri okhala ndi anthu osamukira kumayiko ena kukula, kupangira ntchito anthu atsopano ndi amasiku angapo.
Meya wathandizanso kukhazikitsa malo a malonda a anthu a chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana. Malo ochezera a maofesi, maphunziro, ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti athandiza anthu amalonda ochokera ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Njira ya Birmingham imasonyeza kuti kugwirizana kwa zachuma ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kukulimbikitsana. Ngati osamukira m'dziko apambana m'bizinesi, amapeza kuwoneka, ulemu, ndi chisonkhezero, zimene zimachepetsa tsankhu ndi kutsegulira ena zitseko.
Manchester: Dolopo Lonse la Kufikira Othaŵa Kwawo
Manchester wakhala patsogolo pa kulandiridwa ndi kugwirizana kwa othaŵa kwawo mu UK. Meya wa mzinda wapanga kugwirizana kwa othaŵa kwawo kukhala chinthu choyamba, kukhazikitsa gulu la Othawa Odzipereka pa ulamuliro wogwirizana. Gululi likugwirizanitsa nyumba, maphunziro, thanzi, ndi mautumiki a ntchito kuti lipereke chichirikizo chonse.
Njira yaikulu ndi Manchester Olandiridwa Programme, imene imapatsa wothaŵa kwawo aliyense wodzipereka ntchito ya kasaluwa chaka choyamba. Wogwira ntchito yolembedwa ndi GP, kulembetsa ana kusukulu, kutsegula abanki, ndi kupeza makalasi a chinenero. Chichirikizo chachikulu chimenechi chimachepetsa kudabwa kwa kufika ndi kuchititsa othaŵa kukhala ndi chikole chopindulitsa.
Meyayo anayambitsanso kampeni yolengeza anthu ku madera ena yotchedwa "Manchester Ndi Mzinda wa Sactuary", ndipo nkhani zake zimakhala zonena za ndalama zimene anthu othaŵa kwawo amapereka ku mzinda.
Njira ya Manchester njodziŵika chifukwa cha kugogomezera kwake kugwirizanitsa ndi kupitirizabe. Mmalo mwa kuyembekezera othaŵa kwawo kuyenda m'njira zovuta, mzindawo umamanga njira ndi kupereka malangizo.
London: Kupima Kusintha kwa Zinthu Mwa Strategy and Investicement
Mayor wa London amayang'anira chiŵerengero chachikulu ndi chosiyana kwambiri cha anthu osamukira ku UK . . Njira ya kugwirizanitsa ya London njofanana ndi kulakalaka. Mayor's Suctures perference, Diversity, ndi Inclusion Strategy imaphatikizapo kudzipereka kwenikweni pa kugwirizanitsa anthu osamuka, kochirikizidwa ndi ndalama zambiri.
Programu ya ESOL ya London ndi yaikulu kwambiri pa mzinda uliwonse wa UK. Meya wapereka mamiliyoni ambiri kuwonjezera kakonzedwe ka chinenero, makamaka kwa akazi ndi ena amene amayang’anizana ndi zopinga za kupezeka ku makalasi amwambo. Makalasi amaperekedwa m'malo a chitaganya, malaibulale, ndipo ngakhale kuntchito, kupangitsa iwo kukhala ofikirika kwambiri.
Mkulu wa mzindawu wakhazikitsanso bungwe lolemba ntchito la ku London la Integration Hub, lomwe limapereka malangizo okhudza ntchito, ufulu wochita, ndiponso mwayi wolankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana.
Pachikhalidwe, pulogalamu ya ku London ya Borough of Culture yasonyeza zothandizira anthu osamukira kumaiko ena pa zochitika, zionetsero, ndi ntchito. Programu imeneyi yathandiza kusintha nkhani za anthu osamukira ku dziko kuchokera ku ku kulemera.
Glasgow: Zitsanzo za Kusintha kwa M’chitaganya
Glasgow ali ndi njira yapadera yogwirizanitsa, yopangidwa ndi chidziŵitso chake cha kubwereranso kwa othaŵa kwawo ndi mbali yake yamphamvu ya chitaganya. Integuation Network ya mzindawo imasonkhanitsa boma lakumaloko, mabungwe achitatu a kagulu kampatuko, ndi magulu a anthu kuti agwirizane ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi kuchita zinthu zabwino.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi Glasgow Community Buddy Scheme, imene imagwirizana ndi othaŵa kwawo omwe amapereka chichirikizo ndi ubwenzi wamwamwaŵi. Chiwembuchi chimachepetsa kusungulumwa, chimakulitsa chidaliro, ndipo chimathandiza alendo kumvetsa miyambo ndi madongosolo a kumaloko. Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti otenga mbali akuchitira lipoti kukhala bwino kwambiri ndi kutulukira chinenero mofulumira kuposa amene satenga mbali.
Meya wachirikizanso kuyambika kwa malo a anthu a chikhalidwe m’madera okhala ndi anthu osamukira m’dziko. Malo ameneŵa amapereka magulu a ESOL, malangizo a zamalamulo, kusamalira ana, ndi ntchito za mayanjano pansi pa denga limodzi.
Nkhani ya Zachuma ya Kusamuka
Kusamuka sikumangothandiza anthu. Kulinso kofunika kwambiri m’mizinda ya UK. Matauni ambiri amayang'anizana ndi anthu okalamba ndi kupereŵera kwa ntchito m'madera akuluakulu. Osamuka akuimira magwero ofunika a antchito, amalonda, ndi okhometsa msonkho. Pamene kugwirizana kwa chipambano, mapindu a zachuma ali ochuluka.
Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Observatory pa Oxford University kumasonyeza kuti osamukira ku UK ali othekera kwambiri kuposa chiŵerengero cha anthu obadwa ku UK kukhala odzigwirira ntchito, kudzipangira ntchito iwo eni ndi ena. Iwo amakwaniritsanso mbali zowopsa m'zaumoyo, chisamaliro cha anthu, ndi maphunziro. Popanda kugwirizana kogwira mtima, zopereka zimenezi zimatsika.
Anthu amene amasinthasintha zinthu asanaloŵe m'gulu la anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mwanzeru. Ndalama iliyonse imene iwonongedwa pa ESOL imapereka phindu lofanana ndi la ndalama zokwana $3.50 pa ndalama zopezedwa mwa ntchito, malipiro ambiri, ndiponso kuchepetsa kudalirana. Maprogramu othandizira ntchito amasonyeza mapindu ofanana.
Palinso kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Osamuka amene agwirizana amathandiza kwambiri pa misonkho kuposa moyo wawo. Iwo safuna kuti apeze nyumba kapena ndalama zothandizira anthu.
Mavuto Amene Akubwera ndi Mmene Amathetsera Mavutowo
Anthu amene amaba m’dzikolo amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pothandiza anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena.
Kuchuluka kwa Malo Okhala ndi Anthu Odana Nawo ndi Lamulo
Malamulo a dziko loloŵa m'dziko ku UK nthaŵi zina apanga "malo obisalirako" amene amapangitsa kugwirizana kukhala kovuta. Chisembwere cha Windrush, chiwembu cha Rwanda, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo a anthu osamukira m'dziko la Russia zawononga chidaliro pakati pa anthu osamukira m'dziko ndi boma. Macher afunikira kuyesayesa kukonzanso chidaliro chimenechi pa mlingo wa kumaloko.
Meya wina wadzipatula poyera ku malamulo a dziko amene amaona kuti ndi osapindulitsa. Ena agwiritsa ntchito mfundo zakumaloko zotchedwa "kutetezeka popereka lipoti" zimene zimalola anthu osamukira m’dziko amene sanalembedwe kuti aulule za upandu kapena kulowa m'dziko popanda kuopa kuti asungitsa lamulo loletsa kusamukira ku dziko. Malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza kuti anthu akhale otetezeka ndi odalirika.
Zovuta za Kugona ndi Kuchepa kwa Ufulu
Vuto la nyumba la UK limayambukira osamukira kudziko mopambanitsa. Atsopano kaŵirikaŵiri amavutikira kupeza malo okhoza kupezeka, makamaka m’mizinda yofunidwa kwambiri. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kuchulukitsitsa kwa anthu, kudyeredwa masuku pamutu ndi eni malo opanda pake, ndi kusumika maganizo m'madera osoŵa zinthu.
Oyendetsa nyumba achitapo kanthu mwa kuwonjezera ndalama zoikizira nyumba za anthu ndi zokhoza kukwera, ndi zina zofunikira kupangidwa zatsopano zophatikizapo chigawo cha nyumba zogaŵiridwa kwa antchito otchuka ndi magulu osavuta kugwidwa. Ena akhazikitsa makonzedwe a eni malo amene amakhazikitsa miyezo ya chisungiko ndi chilungamo, ndi kusumika maganizo pa malo okhala ndi anthu osamukirako ambiri.
Kugwirizana m’Mayanjano ndi Maunansi a Anthu
Kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu mwamsanga kungayambitse mikangano m’madera ena. Oyendetsa malo ayenera kusiyanitsa bwino pakati pa kukondwerera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukambirana ndi nkhaŵa zomveka za anthu anthaŵi yaitali ponena za kusintha, chuma, ndi kudziŵika.
Akatswiri a boma amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za m’mabuku ndiponso zinthu zina za m’deralo kuti adziwe kumene kusagwirizana kukuyambika ndiponso kumene kukuloŵererapo.
Komiti ya Boma ya ku malo a ku malo amodzi yafalitsa malangizo osamalira maunansi a anthu panthaŵi ya kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndipo mameya ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi popanga njira zawo.
Mavuto a Zinenero Ndiponso Ukulu wa Zinenero
Kufuna makalasi a ESOL kumaposa kuchuluka kwa anthu m’mizinda yambiri ya UK. Ndandanda za kudikirira n’zanthaŵi yaitali, ndipo ndalama zachepetsedwadi m’zaka khumi zapitazi.
Oyendetsa appy agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zothandizira kugwirizanitsa makoleji, mabungwe othandiza anthu, ndi mabwana awo kuwonjezera makonzedwe a ESOL. Ena akambirana mopeputsa kapena mwaulere kuti magulu ena aikepo. Ena apititsa patsogolo makalabu olankhulana odzifunira ndi mapulatifomu ophunzirira pa Intaneti monga zowonjezera. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira zimenezi sizimathetsa vuto la kukhoza, iwo amawonjezera ndi kuthandiza kutseguka kwa malo amodzi.
Mtsogolo mwa Utsogoleri wa Mayoral
Ntchito ya ameya a m'dzikolo m'kugwirizanitsa anthu ikhoza kukula. Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu a UK chikhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi lamulo lalikulu la boma la kusamuka kwa anthu lidakali lotsutsana, atsogoleri akumaloko adzapitirizabe kukhala oseŵera oyambirira kupanga kugwirizana kwa kampani.
Kusamuka kwa nyengo kuyenera kuwonjezeka, ndipo kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamuke m’mizinda ya UK. Automation ndiponso kusintha kwa zomera kudzakhalanso kwa ntchito, ndipo zimenezi zidzachititsa kuti antchito osamukira m’mayiko ena azikhala ndi mpata wochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Anthu amene tsopano amaika ndalama zawo pa ntchito yogwirizanitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kukonza zinenero, ntchito, malo ochitira zinthu pamodzi, ndiponso kugwirizanitsa anthu, adzatha kukwanitsa kusintha zinthu zimenezi.
Mapeto ake: Atsogoleri a m’Malo Athu
Kugwirizana kosintha kuli chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu a m'nthaŵi yathu. M'mizinda ya UK, mameya afikira kukwaniritsa chitokoso chimenechi mwa kulinganiza, kudzipereka, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinenero. Ayambitsa maprogramu amene amagwirizanitsa atsopano ndi ntchito, maluso achinenero, nyumba, ndi makampani. Iwo apanga mgwirizano ndi mabizinesi, mabungwe othandiza, ndi magulu a anthu. Iwo agwiritsira ntchito mapulatifomu awo kupititsa patsogolo makhalidwe odziwirira ndi kugaŵana.
Zoyesayesa zimenezi zikutulutsa zotulukapo zenizeni. Anthu osamuka m’mizinda yokhala ndi utsogoleri wamphamvu wa meya akuyendera limodzi mofulumira, kuwonjezera ku mlingo wa chuma chakumaloko, ndi kusimba za kuchuluka kwa chuma. Mapindu amawonjezeka ku chitaganya chonse, osati kuyambikanso. Pamene kugwirizana kwachitidwa bwino, kumalimbitsa mgwirizano wa zachuma, ndipo kumawonjezera moyo wa chikhalidwe.
Umboni uli womvekera bwino: Kugwirizana sikumachitika mwangozi. Kumafunikira zoyesayesa zadala, zokhazikika, ndi zovomerezedwa bwino ndi atsogoleri a kumaloko. Oyang’anira mzinda wa UK akusonyeza zimene zingatheke ngati mizinda itenga thayo la kumanga mizinda yonse. Ntchito yawo imapereka maphunziro kwa mizinda ina ku UK ndi kuzungulira dziko lonse.