Kodi N’chiyani Chili Chofunika Kukadwala?

Malamulo a zaumoyo a m'deralo ndi malamulo a boma la mzinda ndi lachigawo otetezera thanzi la nzika m'chigawo chimodzi. Malamulo ameneŵa amalongosola nkhani zambiri za thanzi la anthu, kuyambira kuyendera malo odyetsera, kuyambira kuletsa phokoso mpaka kukhazikitsa malamulo a katemera. Pamene kuli kwakuti mabungwe a boma ndi boma amakhazikitsa chitetezo cha thanzi, malamulo a kumaloko amalola anthu kuchitapo kanthu ku zosoŵa zawo zapadera. Malamulo okhwima kwambiri otetezera chakudya cha tauni ya alendo ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja kapena malamulo oletsa kusuta kwambiri malo a mzinda wa tauni.

Malamulo ameneŵa ali ndi ntchito chifukwa chakuti amakhala pamalo amene anthu amakhala, ntchito, ndi maseŵera. Chitsogozo cha boma cha ukhondo nchogwira ntchito mofanana ndi ofufuza a kumaloko amene amausunga. Malamulo a zaumoyo amayambukira mwachindunji kutetezereka kwa madzi amene mumamwa, mpweya umene mumapuma, chakudya chimene mumadya, ndi nyumba zimene mumakhalamo.

Ntchito Yapadera ya Malonda a M’malowo

Kumvetsa ntchito zimenezi kumathandiza anthu okhala m’deralo ndiponso opanga malamulo kuzindikira chifukwa chake malamulo amenewa alipo ndiponso mmene amathandizira kuti anthu akhale ogwirizana.

Kuteteza Matenda ndi Kuchepetsa Matenda

Chimodzi cha zifuno zazikulu za malamulo a zaumoyo a kumaloko ndicho kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana. Mwachitsanzo, madongosolo a lesitilanti osungira zakudya amafuna malo osungirako zakudya kuti zigwirizane ndi miyezo yaukhondo, kuchepetsa upandu wa matenda ochititsidwa ndi chakudya. Mofananamo, malamulo a katemera kwa ana a sukulu . Nthaŵi zambiri amachitidwa pamlingo wa kumaloko . Kuteteza abusa ndi kutetezera anthu ovutika. Mliri wa CHOVID-19, madera ambiri anapanga machinsinsi oletsa, malire a ntchito, ndi malamulo opatula ana kuchokera ku malamulo a zaumoyo a m'deralo.

Kuwonjezera pa matenda opatsirana, malamulo oletsa tizilombo (ngati udzudzu) amathandiza kuchepetsa matenda monga matenda a West Nile kapena dengue fever.

Thanzi la Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Malamulo a zaumoyo a m’deralo amasamaliranso zinthu zimene zimakhudza ubwino wa malo. Malamulo a mpweya angachepetse kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku mafakitale kapena kuletsa kutentha kunja kwa nyumba. Malamulo a madzi amatsimikizira kuti zinthu zomwa zapoyera zimayesedwa nthaŵi zonse ndipo zitsime zaumwini zimayenderana ndi miyezo ya chitetezo. Malamulo a nyumba amafuna kuti anthu azikhala ndi malo osungirako zinthu zoipitsa mtovu, kuchotsa nkhungu, ndi kuteteza kutentha ndi kukonza madzi a m’mipotope. Malamulo amenewa amaletsa matenda osatha monga a mbe, poizoni, ndi mpweya wa carbon monoxide.

Malamulo omveka bwino, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina amaonedwa kukhala ovutitsa maganizo, amatetezadi thanzi la maganizo ndi lakuthupi mwa kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuchepetsa tulo. Malamulo okakamiza a phokoso m’madera okhala anthu angachepetse nkhaŵa, kuthamanga kwa mwazi, ndi nthenda ya mtima.

Kulimbikitsa Umoyo Wathanzi

Malamulo ambiri a zaumoyo a m'deralo akonzedwa kuti alimbikitse makhalidwe abwino. Malamulo oteteza zinthu zimene zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya pafupi ndi sukulu, kapena amene amafuna kusintha njira zatsopano zoyendera m’misewu ndi m’manjinga, kukhudza kwambiri zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Malamulo opanda utsi amene amaletsa kusuta m’mapaki, m’malesitilanti, ndi kuntchito amachepetsa kusuta fodya ndi kupuma ku utsi wa fodya. Malo ena amapatsira ngakhale misonkhozo ya mankhwala otsekedwa ndi shuga kapena zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti athandize anthu okhala m’deralo kusankha zakudya zofunikira.

Mwachitsanzo, mzinda umene umamanga mapaki ambiri ndiponso umachita malamulo onse a m’misewu, mwadala umachititsa kuti kuyenda ndi kukwera njinga kukhale kotetezeka ndiponso kosavuta.

Kupeza Njira Yosamalira Thanzi Ndiponso Yothandiza Anthu

Malamulo a zaumoyo a m'deralo angawongolerenso njira zopezera chisamaliro. Maboma ena alamula kuti mabwana aakulu apereke tchuthi chodwala, kulola antchito kuonana ndi dokotala popanda kutaya ndalama. Ena akhazikitsa zipatala zaumoyo za anthu kudzera m'dziko lawo kapena afuna kuti pakhale njira zatsopano zothandizira anthu odwala. Malamulo osokoneza ululu, monga ngati maprogramu osinthana ndi zingwe, amagwirizanitsa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsa ndi kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa HIV ndi hepatitis C. Malamulo a m'malowa amathandiza kuchotsa mipatala ya boma ndi njira zaumoyo.

Zitsanzo Zapadziko Lonse za Malo Okhala Abwino

Chakudya Chabwino cha ku San Francisco

Lamulo la San Francisco lofuna kuti masitolo agulitsidwe m’madera osauka kuti agule zakudya zatsopano ndilo chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a kumaloko pokonza zakudya. Mzindawu unaletsanso makina ogulitsa zinthu za mumzinda ndipo unafuna malesitilanti a matchanenti kuti aikepo ndalama zoyendera. Zimenezi zathandiza kuti anthu agulitse zinthu zambiri ndiponso kuti apeze zakudya zabwino.

Ntchito Yoletsa Mafuta ya M’mzinda wa New York

Lamulo la 2006 linalimbikitsa kuti m’dziko lonselo anthu aziyenda motsatira malamulo a boma ndipo linaletsa bungwe la FDA kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a hydrogen pang’ono.

Malamulo Opanda Utsi ku Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington anakhazikitsa lamulo lokwanira lopanda utsi mu 2014, loletsa kusuta m’malo onse a anthu ndiponso kuntchito. Pambuyo poti amaliza ntchito, anthu 23% amene amalowa m’chipatala chifukwa cha matenda a mtima anatsika ndi 23% mwa anthu osasuta, ndiponso anthu amene amadwala matenda a mphumu anatsika ndi 18%. Lamulo linapulumutsanso mzindawo pamtengo wa zaumoyo ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito.

Kulamulira Koopsa kwa Mtovu wa Portland

Portland, Oregon, ikufuna eni malo a lendi a sanafike chaka cha 7678 kuti ayese penti yozikidwa pa mtovu ndi kukonza ngozi zilizonse. Lamulo limeneli ndi mbali ya kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa kuchotsa ululu wa mtovu wa ana, umene ungayambitse mavuto a moyo wonse. Kuyambira pamene ana ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, chiŵerengero cha ana okhala ndi mizera yotsogola ya magazi ku Portland chatsika ndi 50%.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti malamulo a zaumoyo a m'dziko angapindulitse kwambiri, ndi kuwonjezera ubwino wa anthu. Kuti mudziŵe zambiri za mmene maboma amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo oterowo, CDC CDC’S Public Law Health Program imapereka chuma chochuluka.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu: Chinsinsi cha Kukwaniritsa Zochita Zawo

Palibe lamulo la zaumoyo limene lidzapambana popanda kugula anthu amene limakhudza. Mapangano a boma amatsimikizira kuti malamulo sangovomerezedwa komanso akutsatiridwa. Pamene nzika zithandiza kukonza malamulo a zaumoyo, zimadzimva kukhala ndi moyo ndipo zimafuna kutsata. Njira zopanga pangano zimaphatikizapo:

Kumva ndi Kuulutsa

Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsera msonkho wa mankhwala osokoneza shuga umene anthu akuganiza kuti apereka ku makampaniwo kungasonyeze kuti anthu aang’ono akuda nkhawa kuti mwina makasitomala awo atha; akamvetsera, mzinda ungapereke msonkho kapena kuchotsa ndalama m’masitolo aang’ono.

Makomiti ndi Mabungwe Otsogolera

Mizinda yambiri imaika mabungwe a zaumoyo odzifunira amene amaphatikizapo anthu okhala m’madera osiyanasiyana, akatswiri a zaumoyo, ndi oimira amalonda.

Zida Zopezera Thanzi Pathupi pa Intaneti

Makina ogwiritsa ntchito manambala amapanga kukhala kosavuta kuloŵetsa mfundo kuchokera ku mbali ya chigawo ya chigawo chakunja cha chitaganya, kuphatikizapo awo amene sangakhoze kupezeka ku misonkhano yamadzulo. Mafunso onena za malo okondedwa kaamba ka mapaki atsopano, ndalama zolandirika za lesitilanti, kapena kufunitsitsa kuchirikiza ndalama zopimira kuchipatala zingatsogolere opanga malamulo.

Kugwirizana ndi Mabungwe Akumaloko

Magulu ozikidwa pa chikhulupiriro, sukulu, zopanga phindu, ndi dongosolo la zaumoyo zingathandize kufalitsa chidziŵitso ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana pakati pa dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya kumaloko ndi chipatala cha anthu, kungachititse kukambitsirana ndi nzika za kuyandikira kwa kuletsa kutsata madeti kapena maradon kuyesa.

Pamene anthu aphatikizidwa mokangalika, malamulo a zaumoyo amakhoterera kukhala oyenerera ndi opirira. Nzika zimakhala akazembe a malamulo, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kusungitsa chilango. Zochita zabwino koposa pa pangano la chitaganya, onani [[FLT: 0] World Health Organization yotsogolera pa pangano la zathanzi la chitaganya.

Mavuto a Kutsatira Makhalidwe a Zaumoyo a M’deralo

Ngakhale kuti anthu a m’deralo amapindula, malamulo a zaumoyo amakumana ndi mavuto ena.

Kukaniza Mabizinesi ndi Maindasitale

Magulu a malesitanti, makampani a fodya, ndi okonza malo angatsutse malamulo amene amachepetsa phindu. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo laulesi wa utsi lingatsutsidwe ndi eni mabawa amene akuda nkhaŵa kuti makasitomala atha, ngakhale kuti kufufuza sikukusonyeza kuwonongeka kwa chuma. Kulankhulana kwamphamvu kwa thanzi ndi mapindu a zachuma kungathandize kuchepetsa kutsutsa. Matauni ena amapereka chithandizo cha kusintha kapena zisonkhezero za msonkho kuthandiza mabizinesi kuzoloŵera.

Kuchepa kwa Ndalama ndi Kuthandiza

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumaloko nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera nyumba kapena kuyendera malo ogulitsa zinthu amafunikira ofufuza ophunzitsidwa, malaboletale, ndi ochirikiza maulamuliro. Ndalama zikasoŵa, lamulo lingakhale lothandiza mmalo mwa kupitirizabe. Magulu ena atembenukira ku ndalama zaumoyo kapena zopereka zochokera ku mabungwe a boma ndi a boma kuti awonjezere chuma cha kumaloko.

Kusoŵeka kwa Kusamala Anthu

Anthu okhala m’dzikolo sangadziŵe lamulo mpaka atauzidwa kuti ndi ophwanya lamuloli. Munthu angatenthe zinthu zoletsedwa kuseri kwa nyumba yawo chifukwa chakuti saonapo za malamulo atsopano a mpweya. Kuzindikira anthu kudzera m'makampani oulutsira zinthu za anthu, makampani a magetsi, ndi zochitika za m'mudzi. Chilango chosavuta, chomveka ndi chooneka bwino chimathandiza kuti onse apeze malamulowo.

Kuuma Mtima kwa Ndale

Malamulo a zaumoyo angakhale maseŵero a ndale zadziko. Bungwe losankhidwa chatsopano lingapereke malamulo amene anatenga zaka zambiri kudutsa, makamaka ngati malamulo amenewo akuwonedwa kukhala olemetsa kwa mabizinesi. Kutetezera ku kusintha koteroko, ochirikiza kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito ku kutetezera thanzi lowonongeka m’matchala a mzinda kapena kusungitsa mitsinje ya ndalama yanthaŵi yaitali imene siiri yosavuta kudula bajeti yapachaka.

Kuda Nkhawa

Popanda kulinganiza bwino, malamulo a zaumoyo angavulaze anthu amene afuna kuthandiza. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lokakamiza lolipiridwa lodwala la kayendetsedwe ka makampani aang'ono kwambiri, kusiya antchito ku masitolo a amayi îand îpop . Mofananamo, kusungitsa katundu kungatsogolere ku kuchotsa katundu ngati eninyumba asankha kugulitsa mmalo mwa kukonza. Okonza malamulo ayenera kuphatikiza malamulo ndi thandizo lochirikiza [1] Makampani aang'ono, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zinenero zambiri .

Kumira kwambiri m'kupambana zopinga, American Public Health Association ya “Umoyo m'Chisamaliro Chachikulu cha Policies". Imapereka njira zogwirizanitsa zosamalira thanzi m'madipatimenti onse a boma.

Kuyambukira Kwake Umoyo wa M’malowo

Ochirikiza ndi osuliza kaŵirikaŵiri amasumika pa mtengo wa zachuma wa malamulo. Komabe malamulo a zaumoyo olinganizidwa bwino angatulutse mapindu aakulu a zachuma. Padola iriyonse yowonongedwa kukhazikitsa malamulo a kusungitsa chakudya, anthu amasunga $10 m'zochitika za mankhwala ndi kutayikiridwa ndi matenda a chakudya. Malamulo opanda vuto la utsi amachepetsa kusamala kwa thanzi la munthu pa nthenda ya mtima ndi kansa, ndipo amachepetsanso ndalama zimene katundu angapereke. Kuwongoletsera mkhalidwe wa mpweya kungawonjezere kuyendayenda ndi kukopa mabizinesi amene amafunikira malo abwino okhalako.

Kumbali ya mtengo wake, makampani angayang’anizane ndi ndalama zanthaŵi zokwanira mlingo wa kuchotsa utsi wotulutsa utsi, kuika malo otsukira m’manja, kapena kuchotsa mafuta osinthana kuchokera ku mapeshoni. Komabe, mitengo imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri imapita mofulumira pamene makasitomala azindikira ndi kukhulupirira kuwongolera kwabwino. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, antchito athanzi labwino amadya masiku ochepa ndipo amakhala ndi phindu lalikulu, akumapindulitsa chuma cha kumaloko.

Kufufuza kwa 2019 kofalitsidwa mu Journal of Public Health Management and Practice kunapeza kuti anthu okhala ndi malamulo aumoyo akumeneko ali ndi mlingo wotsika wa 12% wa kugoneka kwa chipatala ndipo 7% ya kutsika kwa kusamala thanzi kwa munthu aliyense. Ndalama zimenezi zimamasula ndalama za anthu kaamba ka zinthu zina zofunika monga maphunziro ndi maziko.

Kuyenera ndi Malamulo a Zaumoyo a M’deralo

Zaumoyo zokwana zimatanthauza kuti aliyense ali ndi mwaŵi wakukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama zimene amapeza, fuko, kapena malo okhala. Malamulo a zaumoyo angachepetse kapena kukulitsa kusiyana kumeneku. M'mbiri, malamulo olinganiza zinthu adagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuyeretsa anthu ndi kuipitsa malo otsika opezedwa. Koma malamulo amakono angalinganizidwe kukhala okonzanso. Mwachitsanzo:

  • Chiweruzo chachikhalidwe chowongoletsera malo chimatsimikizira kuti malo atsopano oipitsa saikidwa m'malo otopetsedwa kale.
  • [[MLT:0] Kufikira malamulo a Language Factial kumafuna zinthu zogwirizana ndi thanzi kuti zipezeke m'zinenero zambiri.
  • Malamulo a misewu onse amaika patsogolo njira zapansi ndi mzera m’madera osungidwa, kupangitsa choyendera kukhala chachisungiko kwa aliyense.

Kuwonjezera pa kuyenera, maboma a m'dziko ayenera kuchita kaonedwe ka zaumoyo mosakondera asanapereke malamulo atsopano. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa mfundo za amene adzayambukiridwa [1] ponse paŵiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa lamulo kuchepetsa kuvulaza. Kugwirizana ndi magulu a anthu opatuka m'mbali zonsezo nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti malamulo athandiza nzika zonse mosakondera.

M’tsogolomu Zinthu Zidzasintha pa Nkhani ya Umoyo

Zinthu monga:

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Mizinda ikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nkhani zaumoyo wa anthu pochita zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ooneratu kuti malesitilanti angalephere kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Kuipa kwa Thanzi

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukupita patsogolo, malamulo a zaumoyo akumawonjezereka kuti athetse kutentha, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya.

Kulinganiza Makhalidwe a Zachuma

Malamulo ena amaphatikizapo zinsinsi za magetsi [1] monga kuika chakudya chabwino m’masitolo a sitolo kapena kupanga masitepe owonekera bwino ndi osangalatsa kwambiri. Malamulo ameneŵa “achipatso” ngofala chifukwa amasunga chosankha pamene akutsogolera anthu ku njira zaumoyo wabwinopo.

Thanzi la Maganizo ndi Well28

Malo ochezera a zipatala, kuphunzitsidwa za matenda a maganizo, ndiponso malamulo amene amafunika kuti antchito azilandira masiku athanzi la maganizo, ndi zitsanzo za mmene anthu ambiri amaonera zimenezi.

Kumanga Mphamvu za Anthu

Kupanga bajeti kwa kulinganiza kuti anthu asankhe mmene angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zawo pa ntchito zaumoyo, kuyambira pa minda ya m’mudzi, kuyerekeza ndi kusinthana maprogramu.

Mmene Anthu Okhala M’madera Otere Angathandizire Kulimbikitsa Matenda

Zinthu zina zimene mungachite ndi izi:

  1. Zindikirani malamulo anu amakono. Pendani webusaiti yanu kuti mupeze mabuku a zaumoyo atsopano.
  2. Kudziŵikitsa mipata. Kodi pali vuto m'mudzi mwanu monga kusoŵa kwa njira kapena kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi [1] kuti lamulo latsopano likhoza kuperekedwa?
  3. Mangani mgwirizano. Mnzanu ndi mayanjano a m'dera, phindu la kumaloko, ndi chitaganya cha chikhulupiriro.
  4. Nduna zosankhidwa. Amapezekapo pa misonkhano ya bungwe la m'mizinda, kulemba makalata, ndi kupempha misonkhano ndi oimira anu.
  5. Gwiritsirani ntchito wailesi. Kulemba zinthu zokhala ndi wailesi, kutsegulira wailesi yakwanuko, kapena kuyambitsa malo olembapo kuti mudziwe zimene zikuchitika.
  6. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kampani. Malamulo a mlomo amathandiza kokha ngati atsatira njira zawo. Kutsatira ndi kuuza dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yakwawo.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a zaumoyo a m'deralo ndi ofunika kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri osagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga anthu athanzi labwino. Amateteza matenda, kuteteza malo okhala, kulimbikitsa chuma, ndipo ngakhale kulimbikitsa chuma chakumaloko. Koma zikhoza kudalira pa kulinganiza kwanzeru, kugwirizana kwa anthu kwamphamvu, ndi zolinga za ndale zadziko. Mwa kuzindikira mmene malamulo ameneŵa angagwiritsirire ntchito . Ndi mmene angawathandizire.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, [[FLT: 0] National Association of County and City Health Actigns (NACCHHO) imapereka ziŵiya zalamulo zochulukira kaamba ka nduna zaumoyo za kumalowo ndi ochirikiza.