Maziko a Mphamvu Zandale

Malo osankhidwa a boma amasankha akuluakulu a boma amene amapanga zosankha zokhudza malo, ndalama za sukulu, ntchito yapolisi, ndi thanzi la anthu. Zosankha zimenezi zimakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kuposa malamulo a boma, koma ovota m'mafuko a m'madera ambiri amalowa pansi pa 25 peresenti ku United States. Zotsatira za masankho ameneŵa zimayambitsa zinthu zambiri zimene zimawonjezera kwambiri kusiyana ndi nyumba ya mizinda, kusonkhezera mapulatifomu a boma, zinthu zofunika m'malamulo, ndi gulu la anthu ofuna kulowa m’malo apamwamba.

Pamene ovota anyalanyaza chisankho cha kumaloko, iwo amaphonya mwaŵi waukulu wa kuumba paipi ya ndale zadziko. Mpando wa bungwe la tauni kapena ofesi ya meya ingatumikire monga pomangira malo a boma ndi a boma. Malinga ndi National League of Cities, oposa 40% ya bungwe la U.S. lokhalako kale lotumikira m'boma lakwawo. Njira imeneyi imatanthauza kuti mapindu, malamulo, ndi makompyuta omangidwa pamlingo wa kumaloko potsirizira pake amasamukira ku Washington, D.C. Kumvetsetsa kugwirizana kumeneku kuli kofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kudziŵa mphamvu zonse za ndale zadziko ya ku America.

Chisonkhezero chimachitika kumbali zonse ziŵiri. Ziyambukiro za ndale zadziko ndi mabungwe a ndalama zikufalikira mowonjezereka m'mafuko a kumaloko. Makomiti a chipani cha Boma ndi ma PC aakulu tsopano amawononga mamiliyoni ambiri pa mipikisano ya mabungwe a sukulu ndi mipando yachigawo, kuzindikira kuti mafuko ameneŵa angatumikire monga malo oyeserapo njira zotumizira ndi kuvotera. Kuipitsa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti kusankha kwa kumalo m’tauni yaing'ono kungapereke zizindikiro zoyambirira za kusintha kwa dziko.

Kuloŵa m’Nkhondo ya Mazira ndi Kukonzanso Malamulo

Chisankho cha kumaloko ndicho malo ofikira anthu oloŵeramo. Misonkhano ya m'holo ya mzinda simafuna kudziŵitsidwa bwino, ndipo oyembekezera kulowa kaŵirikaŵiri amagogoda pamakomo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumasonkhezera mtundu wa pangano limene limakulitsa chidaliro m'mabungwe a democracy. Kufufuza kwa bungwe la Whenth Foundation pa kudalirana kwa anthu kumasonyeza kuti nzika zimene zimavota m'masankhoti ndi 50% mwa kuthekera kwambiri kukhulupirira nkhani zawo zovota pamlingo wa dzikolo, kuyambitsa chivomerezo chimene chimalimbitsa thanzi la democracy.

Kuyambitsidwa kwa malamulo kumayamba kaŵirikaŵiri m'maholo a mzinda ndi nyumba za boma. Matauni onga Portland, Oregon, adayambitsa malire a kuwonjezeka kwa matauni, lingaliro lovomerezedwa pambuyo pake ndi mabungwe olinganiza za chigawo ndi kufotokozedwa m'mafaindi a boma. Malamulo a m'mizinda yopatulika ya San Francisco anasonkhezera kusungitsa anthu kusamuka kwa dziko lonse. Programu ya Cleveland ya banki ya dzikolo inakhala chitsanzo cha kumbuyo kwa makampani a portland Belt. Zitsanzo zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti kuyesa kwa kumaloko kumapanga laboratorishoni kaamba ka malamulo a dziko.

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  • malipiro otsikirapo akukwera: lamulo la Seattle la malipiro ocheperapo $15 mu 2014 linayambitsa funde la malamulo ofanana m'mizinda ndi m'maiko, potsirizira pake kugwirizanitsa makambitsirano a dziko pa lamulo la malipiro.
  • Kusintha kwa polisi: Mabungwe openda ndi kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a mphamvu m'mizinda monga Camden, New Jersey, ndi Los Angeles adziŵitsa lamulo la boma monga George Floyd Justice mu Policing Act.

Kukonza zinthu kumeneku kumapambana kapena kulephera pa mlingo wakumaloko, kupereka chidziŵitso chamtengo wapatali ndi chikuto cha ndale zadziko kwa atsogoleri a dziko. Pamene lamulo ligwira ntchito mu mzinda wosiyanasiyana, kumakhala kosavuta kwa opanga malamulo a boma kutsutsa kutengedwa kwake kumlingo waukulu.

Chipangizo cha Zandale: Kuchokera ku Nyumba ya Mzinda Kukafika ku Phiri la Capitol

Makwerero a ntchito kuchokera ku ofesi yakwawo kumka ku kutchuka kwa dziko ali olembedwa bwino. Madenti Franklin Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, ndi Joe Biden onse anayamba ntchito zawo zandale m'malo a kumalo. M'bungwe lamakono la Congress, pafupifupi 60% la nthumwi zotumikira m'malamulo a boma, ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha mamaofesi a makampani a boma asanatero. Nkhani zimenezi chifukwa chakuti zimapanga gulu la andale zadziko amene ali ndi chidziŵitso chakulamulira madera enieni /* Kusamalira ndalama zamwayitsa malonda, ndi kuyendetsa magulu a zikondwerero.

Zipani zandale za dzikolo zimadzipereka kwambiri kulembetsa anthu obatizidwa m'dzikolo chifukwa cha zimenezi. Beji lamphamvu la akuluakulu a boma lakumaloko limapatsa paipi ya mipikisano ya m'tsogolo ya mabungwe ndi ya jinja. Makampani a Democratic Legastilative Campaign Komiti ndi Republican State Leadership Committee awononga mamiliyoni makumi ambiri kupititsa patsogolo oyembekezera ku boma, podziŵa kuti anthu ameneŵa adzakhala oyenera kulowa ntchito yapamwamba m'zaka zotsatira. Motero masankhoti a m'mafamu a mafuko a dzikolo amagwira ntchito monga famu ya mafamu.

Chisankho cha pakati pa 2010 chikusonyeza bwino lomwe zimenezi. Maboma a dzikolo analowa mipando yoposa 680 ya boma ndipo analamulira makhoma 26 a boma pambuyo pa chisankhocho. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pakhale mbadwo watsopano wa atsogoleri amene anakalowa m'maboma a Republican kuyang’anira Nyumba mu 2010 ndi kukhazikitsa nyumba ya malamulo mu 2014. Malo a masankho a 2010 sanangosonyeza mmene dzikolo linkaonera zinthu.

Kusintha kwa Mphamvu ya Gulu ndi Njira ya Dziko

Chigamulo cha masankho cha malowonse chimene chikugwirizana ndi ovota ndi kuti ndi maseŵera apamwamba a chipani. Pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2021 cha bungwe la sukulu, zipambano za Republica m'madera a m’madera a m'matauni zinasonyeza nkhaŵa ya makolo yomakulakula ponena za malamulo a maphunziro, mutu umene unalamulira nyengo 2022. Mofananamo, Democratic jover ku Sun Belt state commissions mu 2023 ikulingalira za kusintha kwa ziŵerengero zimene zingasinthe za pulezidenti wankhondo ya Reshapeial planpresie.

Zizindikiro zimenezi zimalola mamembala a dziko kuti asinthe mpambo wawo wa mauthenga ndi ziŵiya. Komiti ya Democratic National Committee tsopano imayang'anira mpikisano wa makomiti a sukulu monga chizindikiro chotsogolera cha malingaliro a wovota wa m’tauni. Komiti ya Republican National imagwiritsira ntchito zipambano za chisankho cha m'chigawo chapakati kudziŵira madera kumene ofunsira kupikisana kwa boma lonse. Kusintha kumeneku kwa malingana ndi malingana ndi malingana a mpikisano a dziko lonselo kumachititsa mafuko a m'dzikolo.

Kusintha mphamvu ya chipani pa mlingo wa kumaloko kungayambitsenso kukhazikitsa bungwe la bungwe. Gulu limene limalamulira nyumba za mizinda ndi mabungwe achigawo kwa zaka khumi lingasunge malamulo ake, kusonkhezera sukulu zasukulu, ndi kukonza chuma cha kumaloko m’njira zimene zimapitirizabe ngakhale pambuyo pa kusintha kwa ndale zadziko. Chiyambukiro cha nthaŵi yaitali chimenechi ndicho chifukwa chake masankho a kumaloko amapanga kwambiri njira za madongosolo ankhondo monga American Legis Active Ex (AC) Council

Phunziro la Nkhani: Nyumba ya Nthumwi ya ku Virginia mu 2017

Virginia House of Mitcherys inasankha Democrates 15 kuti atenge mipando, akumazungulitsa chipindacho kuchokera pa 66-34 kugaŵanika kwa 51-49. Kusintha kumeneku sikunachitike m'chimbudzi. Kunasonyeza kutsutsana kwa m'mudzi ndi Pulezidenti Donald Trump ndi kulimbikitsa chivoti chatsopano cha Democratic counters , ambiri a iwo anali akazi ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana othamanga pa ofesi kwa nthaŵi yoyamba. Zotsatirapo zake zinakhudza makambitsirano a mtunduwo pafupifupi 2018 milingo yapakati, kusonyeza kuti munthu wakumudzi anali wofunitsitsa kusiya PORP. Chisankhotiko cha 2017 ku Virginia chinakhala chivomezi cha ndale chandale zimene zinasinthanso chifukwa cha kupikisana kwa chaka chotsatira.

Voter Demographics: Canary ya m’Mundawo mu Mgodi wa Manda

Masankho a chigawo cha dzikolo akusonyeza kuti anthu ayamba kusintha asanafufuze bwinobwino. Kusintha kwa makampani monga Georgia, Texas, ndi Arizona kwachitika m'madera monga Georgia, m'chaka cha 2010. Mwachitsanzo, Gwinnett County , Georgia, dera la m'dera la Republic lakale la kufupi ndi dziko la Democratic ndi mamembala a sukulu ku Georgia. Chikhalidwe chimenechi cha kumaloko chinaimira Joe Biden’s Georgia mu 2020 ndi kusankhidwa kwa Senators Raphael Warnock ndi Jon Osoff.

  • Age : Mu Ann Arbor, Michigan, ovota achichepere amasankha mokhazikika ziŵalo za bungwe la mizinda yopita patsogolo, kusonkhezera nkhani zonga kukhoza kwa koleji ndi kachitidwe ka nyengo. Malamulo a kumaloko amapanga pulani ya mlingo wa boma.
  • Ufuko: Kuwonjezereka kwa oyembekezera kutha kwa Latino ndi Asia America pa mabungwe a sukulu ndi mabungwe a mizinda m'madera onga Central Valley ya California kwakakamiza zipani za mitundu kukambitsirana nkhani zonga ngati kusintha ndi kupezeka kwa chinenero.
  • Kuphunzira ndi ndalama: Aflunt , ophunzira kwambiri kaŵirikaŵiri amaika patsogolo ndalama zoyendera ndi malamulo a malo okhala pamlingo wa kumaloko, nkhani zimene pambuyo pake zimakhala maziko a mapulaneti a Democratic.

Akatswiri andale apenda kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu chakumaloko kuti anene zotsatira za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, masankho a pulezidenti 2024 anawona kuti makampani aŵiriwo analoŵetsa ndalama m'kupambana osankha Chilatini m'mafuko a ku Nevada ndi Arizona, akuzindikira kuti chidziŵitso cha m'chigawo chinapereka chithunzi chotsimikizirika cha zosankha za wovotayo kuposa kusanthula kwa boma kwa avareji.

Mavuto Olepheretsa Kusankha Zochita

Kuthekera kwa masankho akumaloko kumadodometsedwa ndi mavuto a nyumba zimene zimachepetsa chisonkhezero chawo. Kusasamala za zinthu kumakhalabe chopinga chosatha, ndi masankho otsatizana kaŵirikaŵiri ochepera 15% a ovota olembetsedwa. Kugamula kotsika kumeneku kumapangitsa maboma a kumaloko kukhala opanda mapulogalamu . Kusinthaku kumachititsa kuti maboma a m'dzikolo akhale opanda mapulogalamu, oyera, ndi olemera kuposa anthu amene akutumikira. Pamene kutenga nawo mbali kukusokonezedwa, malamulo amene amatuluka m'masankhoti a kumaloko sangasonyeze chiweruzo chenicheni, kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa makampani odyetsera andale oyendera maofesi a dziko.

Kupereka ndalama zopatulira kuwonjezera kuphonya zotsatirapo. Mpikisano wa m'boma m’tauni yapakati ungawononge ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni, pamene chisankho cha sukulu chingafunikire $500,000 kuti chikhale ndi mpikisano. Kugwirizana ndi kupeza chuma, kapena kuchirikiza ndi magulu a ndalama za mdima wa dziko, kupindula. Khoti Lapamwamba la [FLT: 0] Citizens United chigamulo cha ndalama zodziimira paokha zimene tsopano zimayendera mpikisano wa dzikolo, kaŵirikaŵiri zimawapangitsa kukhala okondedwa ndi mabungwe a malingaliro a dziko mmalo mwa zinthu zofunika za anthu.

Mafuko ambiri akumasankhana m'mafuko aakulu, wovotayo amachepa kwambiri, ndipo chisonkhezero cha magulu olinganizidwa chikukula. Masinthidwe onga ngati makomiti odziimira okha ndi kuvota, ovomerezedwa m'mizinda monga New York ndi San Francisco, amavomereza kutsutsana ndi mavuto ameneŵa, koma amakwaniritsa zinthu zosayenera m'dziko lonselo.

Maluso Othandiza Kusankha Bwino Anthu A m’Malo Ena

Njira zingapo zothandiza zingalimbitse kugwirizana kwa zipambano za kumalo ndi maiko andale. Wovota wowonjezereka ali njira yolunjika kwambiri. Kutumiza masankho akumaloko ku zaka zoŵerengedwa ngakhale za masankho, kapena kuwasunga tsiku limodzi monga mipikisano ya boma ndi boma, kungawonjezere kutengamo mbali mwa 50%. California ndi Oregon ayesa madongosolo osankha ndi maimelo amene amawonjezereka kumafuko onse, kuphatikizapo maofesi akwawo.

Maphunziro amene amaonetsa mphamvu ya maofesi akomweko amathandizanso. Mabungwe a Nonpartistan onga League of Women Voters amapanga zitsogozo zovota zimene zimalongosola mmene bungwe la mizinda limasankhira malamulo a nyumba kapena zosankha za sukulu pa maphunziro zimakhudzira miyoyo ya anthu a m’dzikolo. Pamene ofufuza azindikira kuti akuluakulu a boma a m’dzikolo amasonkhezera misonkho ya katundu, chitetezo cha anthu onse, ndi mkhalidwe wa sukulu, amasonkhezeredwa kwambiri kuchita nawo.

Kuchirikiza mapaipi a oloŵa m'masukulu osiyanasiyana ndi njira ina yovuta. Maprogramu onga Run for Into and EMERGE America amalemba ndi kuphunzitsa achichepere, opita ku maofesi akumalo osiyanasiyana. Mabungwe ameneŵa athandiza kuwonjezera kuimira akazi ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa misonkhano ya m'mizinda ndi mabungwe a sukulu, zimene zimawonjezeranso malingaliro a malamulo amene amayendera ku boma ndi m'maiko. Boma la kumaloko lamitundu yosiyanasiyana likhoza kwambiri kukambirana nkhani zonga nyumba zokhoza kukwera, mautumiki oloŵera m'dziko, ndi mlandu wa apolisi .

Nkhani za M’manyuzipepala ndi Zofalitsa Nkhani za M’deralo

Unansi wa ofalitsa nkhani ndi masankho a kumaloko wasintha kwambiri ndi kutsika kwa manyuzipepala akwawo. Mu 2023, manyuzipepala oposa 2,500 a m'deralo adatsekedwa kapena kugwirizanitsidwa kuyambira 2004, kusiya madera ambiri popanda kukwaniritsa misonkhano ya m'mabungwe a mzinda kapena makambitsirano a sukulu. Kugawana kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti nkhani zofunika kwambiri za m'deralo, monga ngati kuti mzinda walandira njira yatsopano yosinthira apolisi kapena chosankha cha boma cha kuchotsa laibulale ya anthu a m'dzikolo, nthaŵi zambiri sizikudziŵika ndi anthu a m’dzikolo kufikira atafikira kukhala malo ophiphiritsira.

Komabe, makompyuta a za mayanjano ndi a wailesi athetsa mbali zina za malo. Zotsatira za chisankho cha kumaloko tsopano zakhala ndi chikhoterero pa X (womwe kale anali Twitter) ndi Tik Tok pamene aphatikiza nkhani zapamwamba monga ufulu wa kuchotsa mimba kapena kugawana nawo. Mu 2023, chisankho cha bungwe la sukulu ku Virginia chokhudza kuletsa mabuku oletsedwa zinakopa anthu a m'malaibulale chitukuke vidiyo ya anthu a m'deralo, potsirizira pake ikusonkhezera mafuko a boma a malamulo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti fuko latsopano lakwawo lingakhale chisankho cha kuwona kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko, kusonkhezera chiyambukiro chake pa malo andale.

Mayiko ayamba kutumiza nthaŵi zonse atolankhani kuti aphikire masankho akwawo monga mbali ya njira zawo za dziko. The New York Times [1] ndi The Washington Post nthaŵi zonse kutumiza atolankhani kuti aphikire mafuko aakulu a m'boma ndi masankho a boma, kuzindikira kuti mipikisano imeneyi imapereka chidziŵitso choyambirira pa khalidwe la wovota ndi kufalitsa mlendo. Mwachitsanzo, 2023 la osankhidwa ndi nduna zogwirizana ndi munthu woyenerera ku Chicago, adapendedwa monga woyang'anira woyenerera pa mapangano a Ddemocratic Party a pakati pa 2024 a masankhoti a prezide.

Zimene Zinachitika Kale: Mmene Mafunde a Dziko Amayambira

Kufufuza mbiri yakale kumasonyeza zinthu zosasintha: Pa zaka ziwiri zimene masankho a pulezidenti anachitika, anthu ambiri ankayembekezera kuti dziko lonse lidzakhala bwino. Chisankho cha mu 2005 chinathandiza maboma monga Virginia ndi New Jersey, omwe anali asanalowe m’malo a bungweli mu 2006.

Chisankho cha chaka cha 2009 chimapereka chitsanzo china champhamvu. Chaka chomwecho, Alpabulika adapambana mpikisano wa zigawenga ku New Jersey ndi Virginia, ndi maofesi akwawo m’dzikolo. Zimenezi zinasonyeza kusakhutira ndi zimene Pulezidenti Barack Obama anachita, zimene zinayambitsa chipani cha Tea Party cha 2010 chomwe chinayambitsanso Nyumba za Ufumu ndi mabungwe a boma. Masankho a m'dzikolo anachita ngati njira yoyambirira yochenjezera chipwirikiti cha dziko lonse limene linali kutsatira.

Mphamvu yolosera imeneyi yapangitsa kupenda masankho kwa kumaloko kukhala chiŵiya chofunika kwa asayansi andale zadziko. Cook Political Report ndi mabungwe ena oneneratu tsopano akuphatikizapo zotulukapo za chisankho cha m'chigawo ndi zotsatira za masankho a masankho a m'dzikolo. Chigwirizanocho nchamphamvu kwambiri kwakuti 2% m'masankho a kumaloko chingasonyeze kusintha kwa 3 /4% mu mpikisano wotsatira wa dziko, malinga ndi mphamvu za dzikolo.

Kuyerekezera kwa Padziko Lonse: Kusankha kwa Malo Ena

Chisonkhezero cha masankho a dziko la United States si ku United States kokha. M'masankho a bungwe la United Kingdom, masankho a m'dzikolo kaŵirikaŵiri amatumikira monga kufufuza kotchuka pakati pa gulu lolamulira la dziko. Chisankho cha 2023 cha m'dziko ku England, kumene Labour anapeza mipando yoposa 400 ya bungwe la Conservatives, inalingaliridwa mofala kukhala chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa bungwe la Labour pa masankhoti otsatira. Izi zinasonkhezera mwachindunji malamulo a boma la Conservative kusamuka ndi nyumba.

Mu Germany, zisankho za chigawo cha boma ( Wandtagshallen [1] zingafooketse boma logwirizana la konsipo mwa kuchotsa chichirikizo cha anthu a mgwirizano. Chisankho cha mu 2018 ku Bavaria ndi Hesse chinachepetsa chisonkhezero cha dziko cha Chigwirizano cha Akristu ndi Social Secul Union ndi Social Democrats, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa malamulo a boma pa kusamuka kwa magawo ndi zochita za nyengo. Mofananamo, ku Canada, masankhoti a chigawo cha boma kaŵirikaŵiri amayambitsa mphamvu ya zipani za boma, monga momwe zinawonetsera zipata za chigawo cha Democratic Party mu 1990s.

Nkhani za mitundu yonse zimenezi zimagogomezera lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino lapadziko lonse: madongosolo a democracy akugwira ntchito mogwirizana. Kusintha m’kugaŵira mphamvu kwa kumaloko kumapanga njira zodziŵikitsa maulamuliro a dziko. United States, limodzi ndi dongosolo lake la boma ndi masankho ake anthaŵi zonse, imapereka chitsanzo chowonekera bwino kwambiri, koma njirayo imakhala yotsatizana ndi mademokrase opita patsogolo.

Njira Yamtsogolo: Kusankha Kwawo Monga Mdani Wowopsa

Pamene kugaŵanika kwa ndale zadziko kukukula mu United States, masankho a kumaloko angakhale otsimikizirika kwambiri. Pamene lamulo la lamulo la boma m'Malamulo likuletsa malamulo a dziko pa nkhani monga kusintha kwa nyengo kapena kulamulira mfuti, boma ndi maboma a kumaloko akhala malo oyamba a kuchitapo kanthu. Zotsatira za mipikisano ya kumaloko zidzakhazikitsa malire a zimene ziri zothekera m’zandale zadziko m’zaka khumi zikubwerazo.

Motero ochirikiza ufulu ayenera kuika patsogolo zisankho za kumaloko monga njira yosinthira dziko. Magulu onga National League of Cities ndi Center for American Progress afalitsa zitsogozo zoloŵera m'ndale zakumaloko, kugogomezera kuti kupambana pa mlingo wa bungwe la mzinda kungayambitse chiyambukiro ku boma ndipo potsirizira pake dziko. Chuma chilipo; chitokoso ndicho kukhutiritsa nzika kuyang’ana m’malo a ndawala ya pulezidenti ndi kuthera nthaŵi yawo m'mipikisano imene imakulitsadi mphamvu ya ndale zadziko kuchokera ku dziko lapansi.

Malo ochitira voti si ongotsatira kapena zochitika zachiŵiri za ndale zadziko ayi, ndi maziko a demokrase yogwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu yapadera ya malamulo amene amayesedwa, amene ofuna kubatizidwa amabuka, ndi amene amalamulira makambitsirano a dzikolo. Mwa kuzindikira ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa mfundo imeneyi, nzika zingasinthe malo a mzinda umodzi panthaŵi imodzi.