Ntchito ya Mphamvu Yopanga Malamulo Pochotsa Malembo a Chakudya

Mphamvu ya lamulo ndiyo maziko amene amayalidwa ndi miyezo ya chakudya ndi zakudya. Malamulo operekedwa ndi maboma a dziko ndi madera amalongosola chidziŵitso chimene chiyenera kuwonekera pa mpambo wa chakudya, mmene chiyenera kuperekedwa, ndi zimene opanga makampani akuloledwa kupanga. Malamulo ameneŵa amasonkhezera mwachindunji khalidwe la ogula, makampani, ndi zotulukapo zaumoyo wa anthu. Popanda malamulo okhwima, misika ingakhale yopanda kuonekera kofunikira kwa ogula kuti apange zosankha za kadyedwe kodziŵa bwino.

Mu United States, [[FLT: 0] Nutrition Briging and Education Act ya 1990 (NELEA) inali lamulo lothandiza kwambiri lomwe linalamula kuti zakudya zambiri zizipezeka m’zakudya zofunikira. Chinafunikira kuululidwa za ma calorie, mafuta, mafuta, mafuta, sodium, sodium, fiber, suga, ndi proteni, limodzi ndi ukulu wa chakudya chozikidwa pa kudyedwa kwachibadwa. U.S. Food ndi DRUGS (FD) imakonzanso zofunika zimenezi; chitsanzo, kukonza kwa 2016 kunaphatikizapo shuga ndi mapindu atsopano a tsiku ndi tsiku. [FL:2] Magazi a FDA olemba pa tsamba [FL:]

Mofananamo, bungwe la European Union limapereka chilengezo cha chakudya choyenera (katswiri, mafuta, shuga, protein, mchere) ndipo likufuna kutchula dzina lapadera. Lamulo limeneli limalamuliranso kulephera kwa zizindikiro, dziko, dziko, ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zina. Mayiko ena, kuphatikizapo Canada, Australia, Japan, ndi Brazil, ali ndi chizindikiro chawo cha chakudya, chilichonse chosonyeza kuti dzikolo lili ndi thanzi labwino ndi chakudya.

Mmene Malamulo Amathandizira Kudya Zakudya

Kuposa kuvumbula zinthu wamba, mabungwe a malamulo amakhazikitsa miyezo ya kuchuluka kwa zakudya imene imayambukira mwachindunji kapangidwe ka zakudya ndi malonda a zinthu zina. Miyezo imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri imazikidwa pa zikalata za sayansi kuchokera ku mabungwe a zaumoyo ndipo imakonzedwa kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda ochititsidwa ndi zakudya.

Malire Ochuluka a Chakudya Chovulaza

Maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo oletsa chakudya chopatsa thanzi monga mafuta otsalira, mchere, ndi shuga wowonjezereka m'zakudya zogawidwa. Mwachitsanzo, chigamulo cha FDA mu 2015 chakuti mafuta opangidwa ndi hydrogen (womwe amachokera ku mafuta opangidwa ndi munthu) sadziŵikanso kuti ndi “otetezeka. (GRAS) atsogolera ku gawo lochotsa la mafuta ambiri amene achotsa mafuta kuchokera ku U.S. Chigamulo cha Denmark chinali dziko loyamba kuika malire okhwima operekera mafuta mu 2003, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zinthu zambiri zokhudza mtima zigwe. [FLT:] Bungwe la za zaumoyo padziko lonse la World Health lathandiza kuchotsa mafuta ambiri.

Zitsogozo za Zakudya za Sukulu

Mphamvu ya malamulo imafalikiranso ku maprogramu a chakudya chopatsa ndalama zoperekedwa kwa anthu onse. Heary , Hunger-Free Kids Act ya 2010 miyezo ya chakudya chopatsa thanzi yosintha ya chakudya cha kusukulu, yofuna zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, zakudya zathunthu, ndi mafuta ochepa a mkaka, pamene akuchepetsa sodium ndi mafuta athanzi. Mofananamo, UK’s School Food Dissssctives amalamulira kuti masukulu aperekereakudya zomanga thupi ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya zopatsa shuga kwambiri. Malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza kukonza kadyedwe ka ana ndipo akusonyeza kuwongolera kwabwino m’zakudya.

Malamulo Odzifunira

Miyezo ina ya kadyedwe ndi yodzifunira koma yochirikizidwa ndi malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, National Salt Reduction Initive mu UK inagwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zaufulu zoikidwa ndi Food Direference Agency, yochirikizidwa ndi lipoti la anthu, kuchepetsa mchere m’zakudya zokonzedwa bwino ndi 40% pa zaka khumi. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a zaumoyo amanena kuti zigamu za anthu ofunikira kupanga zipambano mofulumira, zoyenerera, makamaka kwa anthu ovutika.

Malamulo Osonyeza Zakudya Asintha Padziko Lonse

Malamulo olemba zizindikiro za chakudya amasiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo akupanga malamulo osiyanasiyana amene makampani osiyanasiyana a za chakudya ayenera kutsatira.

Mu Eupan Union , malebulo ayenera kuphatikizapo chilengezo cha chakudya choyenera chopatsa thanzi (100 g/ml), ndi mpambo wa zomanga thupi zokhala ndi dongosolo. Kuwonjezera apo, EU imalamulira zakudya ndi zinenezo za thanzi pansi pa Regation (EC) No 1924 /2006, imene imaletsa kunena kuti njosocheretsa kapena yosagwirizana ndi sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu sichinganene kuti ndi “mafuta ochepa" ngati chili ndi shuga wochuluka, ndipo kuchepa kwa matenda kumafuna kuti pasadakhale kulumikizidwa ndi bungwe la European Foople Seaty Authority (EFS).

Canada [[FL:1] adasintha malamulo ake osonyeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi mu 2016, akuyambitsa masitepe atsopano a “Tchenjezo za Chidziŵitso” okhala ndi malembo aakulu, mpambo wokonzedwanso wa zakudya, ndi zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu 2022, Canada adalamulira kuti kutsogolo kwa projekiti ikhale“ pamwamba mu". Zizindikiro zochenjeza zakudya za mafuta osefukira, shuga, kapena sodium. Njira imeneyi njofanana ndi ya Chales , imene inakhazikitsa lamulo mu 2016 lofuna mapepala akuda ochenjeza zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, limodzi ndi ziletso zotsatsira ana.

Australia ndi New Zealand [1] Amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a zakudya zogwirizana oyang'anira ndi Malamulo a Zakudya za Australia New Zealand (FLANZ). Iwo amafuna gulu la zopereka za chakudya komanso amapereka modzifunira “Nyengo ya Nyenyezi . Komabe, matakowo akhala osagwirizana, kutsogolera ku kuitanitsa kaamba ka kukwaniritsa koyenera. Panthaŵiyi, Indiyaat Holy Fied and Directives (Labet and Servet), 2021, zimene zimafunikira chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane cha zomanga thupi, zonse zofunikira, ndi chizindikiro chapadera kaamba ka zakudya zosinthasinthasintha.

Kumbuyo kwa Package Mapepala: Kuwonjezereka kwa Malamulo

Kulemba dzina lakutsogolo (FOP) kwakhala mbali yotchuka ya malamulo. Cholinga n’kutumiza mofulumira chakudya kwa ogula, makamaka kuti apeze chakudya chachikulu chokhudza thanzi la anthu. Mayiko atengera njira zosiyanasiyana:

  • Malagilamu operekera chilango (Chichale, Mexico, Uruguay, Israel , Canada): Zizindikiro zakuda za shuga wochuluka, sodium, mafuta a saturate, kapena calorie. Lamulo la Chile limaletsanso kugulitsa zinthu zoterozo kwa ana ndi kuwaletsa m’sukulu.
  • Nutri-Score (France, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Luxembourg , Switzerland): A , A- , A-E mlingo umene umaŵerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chonse chozikidwa pa ndandanda yoikika. N’ngodzifunira koma n’zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri ku France ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi boma m’mayiko ena a EU.
  • . . . . . . . . . . mapepala a mafuta, mafuta okoma, shuga, ndi mchere. Ngakhale kuti ogulitsa mwaufulu, monga Tesco ndi opanga zinthu onga Nestlé.

Malamulo opangira FOP chizindikiro cha kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kampani ya European Commission siisintha. Bungwe la European Commission lapereka lamulo loletsa EU ya Padziko Lonse FOP, ngakhale kuti mfundo zina za m'Baibulo zikutsutsanabe. FDA ya ku United States ikulingalira kuti “mwambo wochenjeza m'” ndi wowonjezera shuga, koma palibe lamulo lomaliza lomwe laperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa 2025.

Mavuto ndi Mabungwe a Malamulo Olemba Zakudya

Pamene kuli kwakuti zoyesayesa za boma zimafuna kutetezera thanzi la anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri zimakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu ndi kuyambitsa mkangano.

Kutsutsa ndi Kumwa Mwazi m’Maindasitale

Chakudya ndi chakumwa kaŵirikaŵiri zimalimbana ndi malamulo amene angachepetse phindu. Amatsutsa kuti machenjezo okakamiza kapena zoletsa kutsata mawu otsatsa malonda ndi ogula zinthu zimadodometsedwa ndi makampani. Ku United States, magulu a makampani alephera kufooketsa malamulo olemba zinthu za mu kompyuta [1] Mwachitsanzo, menu ya FDA yosonyeza kuti ikufuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya makampani. Mofananamo, kulembedwa kwa maselo a maselo achibadwa (GMOS) sikunalamuliridwe mwalamulo kufikira pamene National Biofereed Food Dislohavision Standard inayamba mu 2016, koma maindasitale anatsa lamulo losonyeza kuti malembo ogwirizana ndi machenjezo omveka bwino kwambiri.

M’nkhani zina, makampani amagwiritsira ntchito lamulo lochenjeza la Chile lokhala ndi dzina laulemu lokhala ndi mlandu kuchokera ku makampani a za chakudya akutsutsa kuti ziletso za malonda zinali zosagwirizana ndi lamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba la Chile linachirikiza lamulo mu 2018, likukhazikitsa chitsanzo cha lamulo lofananalo m’maiko ena.

Zonena Zolondola ndi Zosokeretsa

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo okhwima, njira zosocheretsa zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lolakwika. Mawu onga “mwachibadwa,” kapena“ magetsi . Kungasanduke bwino ndi kudyetsedwa ndi ogulitsa. FDA siilongosola bwino “zachibadwa” (kusiyapo malamulo achibadwa akuti palibe chinthu chowonjezera kapena chopangidwa mwaluso), zimene zimachititsa kuti anthu asokonezeke. Mofananamo, “yabwino” yagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zokometsera ndi mbewu zapamwamba.

Malingaliro a zaumoyo pa zakudya alinso otsutsana. mu U.S., FDA imalola mitundu iŵiri ya zaumoyo: mawu auchigamulo a zaumoyo (omwe amafunikira kugwirizana kwapadera kwa sayansi ndipo ngosapezeka) ndi mawu a zaumoyo oyenerera (ozikidwa pa umboni womayamba koma womasulira). Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti ngakhale zonena zoyeneretsedwa zingasocheretse ogula kukhulupirira chakudya kukhala chathanzi pamene sichili. EU iri ndi dongosolo loletsa kwambiri: kungotchula m’EU Register of the EU and Health and the proligist, ndipo ziyenera kuzikidwa pa umboni wasayansi wofala.

Chiyeso ndi Ulamuliro wa Boma

M'madongosolo a boma monga U.S. ndi Canada, kugawikana kwa ulamuliro pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi maiko kumachititsa kusagwirizana. Zakudya, Mankhwala, ndi Cosmetic Act ya United States iri ndi chikalata chachikulu chopulumutsira, chimene chikutanthauza kuti maboma sangapereke zofunikira zosiyana kapena kuwonjezera pa malamulo a boma, kusiyapo maulamuliro ena onga machenjezo a chisungiko pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Komabe, maboma ayesa kupitirira malamulo awoawo oika dzina laoawo 65 (Popute Divice ndi Tocco Enickoment Act) amene adapanga machenjezo onga ngati a acrylame mu chakudya, amene amatsutsana ndi malamulo a FDA. Nkhani ya kulembedwa kwa maainjiniyake inaonanso mkhalidwe wa kapangidwe (m'malamulo ake a GMOT) amene anakhazikitsa lamulo lotchuka la lamulo lopanga chakudya pansi pa chikalata cha kukonza chakudya.

Kulimbana kofananako kulipo ku Canada, kumene lamulo la Quebec la kuika dzina lachifalansa pa lamulo liri lokhwima kwambiri kuposa malamulo a boma, kukumatsogolera ku kusintha malamulo a dziko.

Kukakamiza ndi Kugwirizana: Lamulo la Chakudya

Malamulo oika zizindikiro za chakudya amatsatiridwa ndi mabungwe odzipereka okhala ndi ulamuliro wofufuza zinthu zimene akugula, kupenda zimene akunena, kulemba makalata ochenjeza, ndi kufufuzira malifansi kapena kulanda zinthu.

Mu United States, FDA . FDA [[FLT: 0] imayang'anira kutetezereka ndi kulembedwa kwa zakudya zonse kusiyapo nyama, nkhuku, ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi mazira, zimene zimagwera pansi pa USDA. Machitidwe a kapidiso, zopimira, ndi zolemba. Zili ndi mphamvu yopempha masinthidwe, kufunikira machitidwe owongolera, kapena kufunafuna. [[FLT:] FLAT] FY] TC [FLT] Commission [FFL:5] apolisi olengeza za chakudya, kuphatikizapo zimene zapangidwa pa wailesi, wailesi, ndi Internet.

EU imadalira pa njira yosungitsira chakudya: Boma lililonse limasankha ulamuliro wake waluso (m'chitsanzo, bungwe la Food Directive Agency ku UK, ANS ku France). Maboma ameneŵa amayendera limodzi ndi Rapid Alert System ya Zakudya ndi Zakudya (RASFF), imene imauzana za chitetezo chachikulu cha chakudya ndi nkhani zolemba zizindikiro. Bungwe la European Commission limafufuzanso za thanzi ndi zakudya zopeka ndi nthambi za Auntical.

M’mayiko ena monga France ndi Germany, ophwanya malamulo angaikidwe m’ndende. Komabe, nthaŵi zambiri kuletsa kumangidwa kumatopetsa zinthu, kulanda malamulo, kapena kuphwanya malamulo.

Mapangano apadera apadera, monga ngati Project Non-GMO Project ifiniziridwa kapena .USDA COURN , amachitanso mbali ina m’kuyang'anira zoyembekezeredwa ndi ogula, koma zimenezi nzaufulu ndipo sizichirikizidwa mwachindunji ndi malamulo a boma (kusiyapo kulembedwa chizindikiro cha mafashoni, chimene chimaikidwa molunjika).

Tsogolo la Kulemba Malamulo a Zakudya

Pamene sayansi ya kadyedwe ikusintha ndi kupita patsogolo kwa tekinoloji, dongosolo la malamulo liyenera kuzoloŵera kuthetsa mavuto atsopano ndi mipata.

Kulemba Malo Osonyeza Zakudya Zokhala ndi Maselo Osiyanasiyana

Mu January 2022, bungwe la United States lotchedwa National Biographive Displase Standard linayamba kugwira ntchito yokwanira, kufuna kuti zakudya zokhala ndi majini ochokera ku biogeregers zilembedwe ndi “BE, chizindikiro, mawu, kapena kugwirizana kwamagetsi kapena makompyuta (Umboni wa QR). Malamulo ameneŵa alowetsa ntchito ya boma yakale, koma otsutsa kuti nzeru ya kugwiritsira ntchito mfundo za QR ikhoza kutulutsa ogula opanda mafoni. EURO imasunga chizindikiro choyenera ndi kulondola zinthu, pamene kuli kwakuti maiko onga India ndi Australia angasinthenso. Kusintha kwa mtsogolo kungafunikire pa ndemanga ndi kuchotsaponso makompyuta.

Malo Osonyeza Makompyuta ndi Maluso

Makompyuta omanga makompyuta monga QR, macheke a ma CR, ndi ma blockchain amatheketsa kuloŵetsamo chidziŵitso chochuluka kuposa choyenerera pa phukusi lakuthupi. Malamulo ena akufufuza za “kusintha kwa mawu” kumene chidziŵitso chakusintha (kusintha, ma allergen data, kukhazikika kwa miyoni) n’kopezeka kudzera m'chiyeso cha foni, kuchepetsa zinthu zolemba. Komabe, nkhaŵa za kufanana kwa manambala ndi kufunika kwa kupezeka kwa pa Intaneti. Bungwe la European Commission’s “Famic to Fork [1] lalingalira kulola majerective opereka zakudya zina, koma monga chowonjezera cha kujambula zinthu zofunikira.

Kusintha kwa Zakudya ndi Zachidziŵitso Zaumwini

Ndi kuchuluka kwa majini opimira mwachindunji ndi ma apulogalamu a zaumoyo a m'magalimoto, pali chidwi chomakula cha mapepala a zakudya zaumwini. Malamulo angafune kuti mapepala a chakudya ogwirizana ndi mapulatifomu a manambala amene amasonyeza mfundo zogwirizana ndi malamulo a thanzi la munthu, kudana naye, kapena majini. Malamulo amenewo angadzutse mafunso ovuta okhudza zachinsinsi, equity, ndi FDA kapena EFSA oyang'anira mfundo za za thanzi la magetsi.

Kusungika ndi Zonena za Malo Okhala

Anthu ambiri amafuna kudziwa kuti chakudya chimakhudza bwanji malo okhala, monga kutumiza madzi, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Maboma ena ayamba kukhazikitsa “malagilansi a zinthu. . Mwachitsanzo, France adalamula kuti makampani a chakudya aulule kuti zinthu zimene zawonongeka ndizo zikhale zovutitsa, ndipo zogwirizana ndi sayansi zachinyengo kapena zosocheretsa za malo okhala. Lamulo lamphamvu ndi lomveka bwino la EU pulogalamu ya malo ozungulira achilengedwe lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri.

Mphamvu Yolamulira ndi Chisonkhezero Chake pa Zaumoyo Waukulu

Magazi amathandiza kuti matenda osapatsirana azikhala oopsa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, ndi matenda ena a khansa. Masitepe a mlingo wa kupendekeka kwa thupi ndi amene amayambitsa imfa padziko lonse.

Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti machenjezo apamwamba a ku Chile ofunikira a kutsogolo kwa mapiko a magetsi achititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugula zakumwa zopatsa shuga ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi shuga. Ku UK, msonkho wa shuga ndi kuchepetsako modzifunira, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa shuga wodyedwa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa. Ku United States, lamulo lowonjezera shuga pa bungwe la Consticial Facts lachititsa opanga zinthu zina kusintha zinthu kuti achepetseko shuga.

Malamulo a boma paokha si othandiza, koma malamulo othandiza amafunika kutsagana ndi maphunziro a boma, kugula zinthu, ndiponso kuyesayesa kuthetsa mavuto a m’zipululu ndi azachuma. Malamulo oika zizindikiro za chakudya ndi othandiza kwambiri, koma amathandiza kwambiri pokonza zinthu monga msonkho, kuletsa malonda, malamulo a kusukulu, ndi kukonza bwino zakudya zathanzi.

Pomaliza, mphamvu ya lamulo ndi mphamvu yaikulu imene imaumba mbali iliyonse ya kutchula chakudya ndi miyezo ya kadyedwe. Kuchokera ku kulongosola zimene zimapanga “zabwino” amanena kuti amachenjeza pa zinthu zapamwamba, malamulo amatembenuza sayansi ya kadyedwe ku chidziŵitso chogwira ntchito. Pamene kuli kwakuti mikangano ndi zitokoso zikupitirizabe, chikhoterero chiri cha kukakamiza, kuonekeratu, ndi malamulo ogwirizana amene amaika patsogolo thanzi la anthu. Makampani, opanga matanki osungitsa, ndi ogula ayenera kupitirizabe kuloŵerera mchitidwe wa malamulo a genic signics kutsimikizira kuti mapentalansi awo ofunika: kupatsa anthu mphamvu yopanga zosankha zimene zimachirikiza ubwino wawo.