Table of Contents

Chisinthiko chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chimodzi cha Lamulo la United States chiri chimodzi cha kufutukuka kwakukulu kwa zoyenera zovota m’mbiri ya America. Kusintha kochitidwa pa July 1, 1971, pambuyo poperekedwa ndi Congress pa March 23, 1971, lamulo limeneli linachepetsa zaka zovota kuyambira pa 21 mpaka 18, kutembenuza kwenikweni chisankho cha Amereka cha kuvota, kutengamo mbali, ndi kutsendereza zimene zikupitirizabe kufikira lerolino.

Kusintha kwa njirayo kunaimira zoposa kusintha kwa luso lakuvota , kunasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu m'njira imene chitaganya cha America chinaonera kuthekera kwa achichepere kwa kugawiridwa kwa boma ndi mtengo wawo mu ulamuliro wa demokrase. Komabe mosasamala kanthu za kupambana kwapadera kumeneku, zaka makumi ambiri zotsatira kupangidwa kwa ma ratioding zavumbula mavuto osatha kutsimikizira kuti osankha achichepere angagwiritsire ntchito ufulu wawo walamulo, kupanga Kusintha kwa makumi aŵiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi kwa malingana ndi kukambitsirana ongonena za kupotolera ndi osankhidwa.

Nkhani Zake: Njira Yopita ku Mpumulo wa Malamulo Wachisanu ndi Chiŵiri ndi Chimodzi

Kuyamba Kuphunzitsa ndi Nkhondo Yadziko II

Pamene nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse inachepa, panakhala zikalata zambiri zonena za anthu osankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi nyengo yosankha anthu. Chisalungamo chachikulu chinali chomveka: Anyamata akanakakamizidwa kutumikira dziko lawo pomenya nkhondo, koma sanathe kusankha atsogoleri amene anapanga zosankha zokhudza nkhondo ndi mtendere. Mawuwo anayambira pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, pamene Pulezidenti Franklin D. Rooselt anachepetsa zaka zausilikali mpaka 18, ndipo anakhazikitsa chisokosoko cha makhalidwe abwino ndi ndale chomwe chikanayambira pa zaka makumi ambiri.

Mosasamala kanthu za mphamvu yoyambirira imeneyi, akuluakulu a boma osiyanasiyana anachirikiza kuchepetsa nyengo ya kuvota mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, koma sanakhoze kupeza mphamvu yalamulo yofunikira kaamba ka kukonzanso lamulo. Nkhaniyo inakhalabe pa kulembedwa kwa ndale zadziko m’ma 1950 ndi kuchiyambiyambi kwa ma 1960, ndi maboma oŵerengeka okha amene anachitapo kachitidwe ka kudziimira okha kuti achepetse nyengo yawo yosankha.

Nkhondo ya ku Vietnam Inali Yoopsa Kwambiri

Nkhondo ya Vietnam inasintha mkangano wa nyengo yosankha kuchokera ku nkhani ya kuganiziridwa kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Mkati mwa ma 1960, chichirikizo cha anthu chochepetsera nyengo yosankhira chinawonjezereka pamene magulu ankhondo a United States analoŵetsedwa mwachindunji m’kutetezera South Vietnam kuchokera ku North Vietnam ndi gulu la asilikali la Viet Cong Guerilla. Kuloŵerera kwa Amereka ndi imfa zinawonjezereka, kutsutsanako kunakhala kosatheka kunyalanyazidwa.

Pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya magulu ankhondo mu Vietnam anali pansi pa 21, ndipo oposa 19,000, kapena pafupifupi theka, a awo amene anafa m’nkhondo kumeneko anali pansi pa zaka 21. Achichepere a ku Amereka anali ndi mtolo wotheratu wa kukhala nzika — kudzimana kwa miyoyo yawo / popanda kukhala ndi umodzi wa ufulu wawo waukulu koposa. Zimenezi zinali mbali yaikulu chifukwa cha Nkhondo ya Vietnam, mmene anyamata ambiri omwe anali osayeneretsedwa kuvota anakakamizidwa kumenya nkhondo, motero anasoŵa njira iliyonse yowasonkhezera kupha anthu kuti adziphe.

"yakale kwambiri kuti imenye nkhondo, yaikulu kwambiri kuvota" inakhala mawu ofala kwa ochirikiza kuchepetsa nyengo ya kuvota. Mawu osonkhezera ameneŵa anamveka m'makoleji, m’mabungwe otsutsa, ndipo pomalizira pake m'maholo a Congress . Mawuwo anatsutsa mfundo zosavuta koma zamphamvu zokhudza chilungamo ndi demokrase zimene zinavuta kwa adani kutsutsana nazo.

Magulu Ochuluka ndi Kudziloŵetsa m’Magulu A achichepere

Kukakamiza kuchepetsa nyengo ya kuvota sikunali kokha kaamba ka utumiki wankhondo. Kuphunzira kumagwirizanitsa mowonjezereka kuchirikiza kuchepera kwa msinkhu wa kuvota ndi mbali ya achichepere m'gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi magulu ena a kusintha kwa kakhalidwe ndi ndale kwa ma 1950 ndi 1960. Achichepere a Amereka anali kusonyeza kugamula kwa ndale zadziko ndi kudzipereka kwawo mwa kuchita ntchito zankhondo, malingaliro otsutsa ponena za kukonzekera kwawo kukhala nzika yathunthu.

Kuwonjezereka kwa ziŵerengero za kumaliza maphunziro a sukulu yapamwamba ndi kukhoza kwa achichepere chidziŵitso cha ndale zadziko kupyolera m'zopangapanga zatsopano zinasonkhezeranso malingaliro abwino kwambiri a kukonzekera kwawo kaamba ka kuyenera kofunika koposa kwa unzika. Maphunzirowo adasintha modabwitsa chiyambire zaka za kuvota za zaka 21, ndi achichepere ambiri omaliza maphunziro a sekondale ndi kupeza chidziŵitso cha boma.

Ulendo Wotsatira Lamulo Wopita ku Ratification

Chikalata cha mu 1970 ndi Oregon Mitchell

Kuipidwa ndi kuchedwa kwa kukonzedwa kwa malamulo, bungwe logwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo yovota linapanga njira ina. Kufunitsitsa kubwerera ku protein pa nkhaniyi, mayiko a bungwe la akulu anaphatikizapo makonzedwe a chivoti cha zaka 18 m'chaka chimene chinawonjezera Chikalata cha ufulu wa anthu. Malamulo ameneŵa anayesa kukwaniritsa mwa lamulo zimene zinatsimikizira kukhala zovuta kuwongolera malamulo.

Poyankha zitsutso zakuti awo amene anali achikulire mokwanira kuti alowe usilikali ayenera kukhala okhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa kuvota, Congress inachepetsa nyengo yovota kukhala mbali ya Chikalata cha Voting Rights Act cha 1970. Komabe, kachitidwe kameneka kanali ndi zitokoso za lamulo la mwamsanga. Khoti Lapamwamba linagamula mlandu wa Oregon v. Mitchell kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo sikanatha kuchepetsa nyengo yosankha boma ndi masankhoti a kumaloko.

Chigamulo cha khotilo chogawikana chinayambitsa mavuto a mtundu. Khoti Lapamwamba linachirikiza lamulo pa 5 mpaka 4 posankha kuti agwiritse ntchito nyengo yotsika yovota pa chisankho chokha. Zimenezi zinatanthauza kuti mayiko angafunikire kusungitsa njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ndi kuchita masankho osiyanitsa a boma ndi boma ndi maofesi akwawo kumene kulibe lamulo loletsa.

Kusintha Kofulumira kwa Malamulo

Pozindikira kusokonezeka ndi mtengo umene ukaphatikizidwa m’kusungitsa mavoti osiyana kaamba ka mipikisano ya boma ndi boma, Congress mwamsanga inalinganiza ndipo boma linavomereza Lamulo la Malamulo la Makumi Aŵiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Kukonzanso kunachitidwa mwa njira ya kupenyetsa mofulumira kwambiri.

Wolembedwa ndi Carl Albert wa ku Oklahoma, kukonza kunadutsa Nyumbayo ndi voti ya 401 mpaka 19, pa March 23, 1971. Nyumba ya Malamulo inaipereka ndi chichirikizo chokulira chofanana. Inalandira chichirikizo cha msonkhano pa March 23, 1971, ndipo inavomerezedwa ndi maboma pa July 1, 1971, kujambula nyengo yachidule pakati pa Congregation ndi kupeputsa chilolezo cha U.S.

Malamulo a boma ku Ohio ndi North Carolina anali omalizira kuvomereza kukonzedwa kwa kachitidwe katsopano kusanachitidwe pa July 1, 1971. Kusintha kofulumira kunasonyeza kugwirizana kwakukulu kwakuti kusinthako kunali kofunikira ndi kolungama. Nixon anatsimikizira za kukonzanso pa July 5 m'Chipinda cha White House, pamaso pa gulu la achinyamata a ku America ogwirizana 500 ku Concert, ndipo ngakhale kusankhidwa kumene ziŵalo zitatu za zaka 18 kuti zisaine kusaina chikalatacho monga mboni.

Chiyambukiro Chamwamsanga ndi Ziyembekezo Zoyambirira

Kukula kwa Gulu la Asilikali

M’chigwirizano cha 26 Amereka a chiPindulo anasonkhezera pafupifupi 11 miliyoni kuvota pa 18. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kumeneku kwa osankhidwa kunadzetsa chisangalalo chachikulu ndi kusinkhasinkha ponena za mmene ovota atsopano ameneŵa akasinthira ndale zadziko za America.

Chisankho choyamba cha pulezidenti mu chimene anthu a zaka 18 atha kutengamo mbali kotheratu m'dziko lonselo chinali 1972. Mu 1971, kukonza kwa 26 kunachepetsa zaka za kuvota kuchokera pa 21 mpaka 18, kubweretsa ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri (55%) ya zaka 18 mpaka 29 yosankhidwa ku mavoti m'mbiri ya ku America pa masankho a 1972. Kufalikira koyambaku kunapereka lingaliro lakuti otola achichepere akakhala mphamvu yaikulu mu demokrase ya ku Amereka.

Zitsanzo Zoyambirira za Kutengamo Mbali

Komabe, changu choyamba chinayamba kuchititsa zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi. Kuyambira zaka 18 zaukalamba anapatsidwa ufulu wosankha mu 1971 kudzera pa Lamulo la 26 Lowonjezera, achichepere aimiridwa pa kufufuza monga 2003, ndipo mu 1976, chimodzi cha zisankho zoyambirira zimene zaka 18 zinakhoza kuvota, 18-24 zaka zaukalamba anapanga 18 peresenti ya oyenerera onse ku America, koma 13 peresenti yokha ya osankhidwa enieni - oimira mmodzi wa atatu.

Kusintha kwa achichepere ocheperapo kumeneku poyerekezera ndi magulu a okalamba kwapitirizabe kwa zaka makumi ambiri chiyambire kuchotsedwa. Achichepere amakhala ndi kugalukira kocheperapo, ngakhale kuti pausinkhu wa munthu aliyense payekha, amapita kumlingo wapamwamba pa msinkhu wa zaka 50 ndiyeno kenaka kugweranso. Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mpata umenewu wakhala wofunika kwambiri m’makambitsirano onena za kuponderezedwa ndi kusankhidwa.

Mkangano wa Ma 20 ndi 6 wa Kuletsa Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi Kuletsa Zinthu kwamakono

Kufotokoza Kutsekerezedwa kwa Galimoto ya Unyamata

Kuletsa Voter kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana, malamulo, ndi zochita zimene zimapangitsa nzika zoyenerera kulembetsa kuvota kapena kuponya zikalata zawo. Pamene kuli kwakuti Lamulo la Makumi Aŵiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi limatsimikizira kuti ufulu wosankha sukana kuikidwa kapena kumangidwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wa anthu 18 ndi achikulire, osankha achichepere akupitirizabe kuyang’anizana ndi zopinga zapadera zimene zimatsekereza kwenikweni kutenga nawo mbali kwawo.

Zoletsa zimenezi zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi tsankho lachindunji la msinkhu limene limaletsedwa. M’malo mwake, zimaphatikizapo malamulo auchete amene amayambukira mosalekeza achichepere osankha, machitidwe a zaulamuliro amene amalephera kukwaniritsa mikhalidwe ya achichepere, ndi kusoŵa kwa dongosolo la zinthu zimene zimasiya osankha achichepere osalandira popanda chichirikizo chokwanira cha kugwiritsa ntchito zoyenera zawo.

Malamulo Osonyeza Zinthu Zofunika ndi Zolemba

Pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza malamulo ameneŵa amaletsa chinyengo, osuliza amanena za chiyambukiro chawo chosayerekezeka pa magulu ena a anthu, kuphatikizapo achichepere.

Ovota achichepere saali othekera kwenikweni kukhala ndi mitundu yapadera ya kudziŵikitsa yofunikira ndi malamulo a ovota. Ophunzira a koleji angakhale ndi laisensi ya oyendetsa galimoto kuchokera kwawo akunena kuti sagwirizana ndi nyumba yawo yapanthaŵiyo, kapena angadalire pa maISD a ophunzira amene maboma ena savomereza kukhala chizindikiritso chovomerezeka. Idaho waletsa kugwiritsira ntchito ma ID a ophunzira monga mtundu wa wovota, kutsimikizira mmene malamulo owonekera kukhala osaloŵerera angayambire zopinga za achichepere ovota.

Kufupika kwa moyo wa achikulire kumawonjezera mavuto ameneŵa. Ophunzira amene akusamuka pakati pa madom, nyumba, ndi nyumba za banja angavutike kusunga zikalata zodziŵikitsa ndi maadiresi amakono. Achichepere amene akwanitsa zaka 18 posachedwapa angakhale asanapezebe laisensi ya dalaivala kapena ma foni ena a boma, kupanga malo ogwirira anthu 22 kumene ali oyenerera kuvota koma alibe mapepala ochitira zimenezo.

Zopinga Zolembedwa ndi Zopeka

Njira zina zofunika kwambiri zolembera achinyamata ovota, zofunika kwambiri, kulembetsa mwamsanga, ndiponso kulembetsa zinthu zochepa, zingalepheretse achinyamata kuchita nawo ntchitoyi ngakhale pamene achinyamata asonkhezeredwa kuvota.

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa achinyamata a ku CIRCLE atachitika pa nthawi yosankha, anapeza kuti achinyamata a m’mayiko amene salembetsa pa Intaneti, popanda kulembetsa, kapena tsiku lomwelo akhoza kunena kuti anatha nthawi yaitali kapena anaphonya nthawi yoti alembetse.

Nthaŵi ya kulembetsa nthaŵi zambiri imatsutsana ndi mmene moyo wa achinyamata umayendera. Ophunzira sangakhale akuganizira za masankho m’miyezi ya chilimwe pamene chilolezo cha kulembetsa chichitika, kapena angasumike maganizo a kuyamba pa koleji pamene nthaŵi yolembetsa itha. Osankha anthaŵi yoyamba alibe zizoloŵezi zokhazikitsidwa ndi chidziŵitso zimene zimapanga ndandanda yolembetsa kwa achikulire.

Mayiko amene agwiritsa ntchito malamulo ovomerezeka a kulembetsa aona kuti achinyamata akwera kwambiri. Michigan, amene anali ndi wovota wamkulu kwambiri mu 2022, ali ngati boma limene lachititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulembetsa kuvota m’zaka zaposachedwapa, ndipo boma, limenenso lili ndi ovota ovomerezeka pa Intaneti ndi olembetsa tsiku lomwelo, linayamba kulembetsa pepala la ovota mu 2019, ndipo linawonjezera kwambiri chiŵerengero cha achinyamata (a zaka 18 - 24) omwe analembetsa kuvota pakati pa 201818 ndi 2022.

Kukonza malo ndi Nkhani Zokhudza Kupeza Zinthu

Malo oonera ndiponso kupezeka kwa malo oonera kumakhudza kwambiri achinyamata amene amavota kuti aike pepala loti aikemo. Makoleji ali ndi mavuto apadera, chifukwa ophunzira sadziwa kumene ayenera kuvotera. Kusukulu kwawo kapena kwawo kungakumane ndi mavuto omwe angakumane nawo.

Maboma ena achepetsa chiŵerengero cha malo ofufuza pafupi ndi makoleji ndi mayunivesite, kukakamiza ophunzira kuyenda mitunda yaikulu kapena kuyembekezera m'mautali. Ophunzira opanda galimoto amayang’anizana ndi mavuto ena ovuta kufika ku malo akutali opatsirako magalimoto, makamaka ngati zoyendera za anthu onse ziri zochepa. Zopinga zimenezi sizimangochitika mwangozi; m’zochitika zina, zimasonyeza kuti amasankha mwadala kupanga kuvota kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa ophunzira.

Zosankha zoyambirira zovota ndi kuvota zingathandize kuthana ndi mavuto ameneŵa, koma kupezeka kwa njira zimenezi kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi boma. Chidziŵitso chiripo kwa 6 mwa 8 chigamulo chakuti kulembera osankha onse olembetsedwa mu 2022, ndipo atatu a iwo . "Colado, Oregon, ndi Washington, zonse zimene zakhala ndi masankho onse a voti paposi kuyambira 2014 kapena kumayambiriro kwa [1] zinali pakati pa maboma 7 otchuka ndi achichepere otembenukira kwa otchuka kwambiri m'ma 20222.

Zofunika za Kusintha ndi Ntchito za Ophunzira

Ana a sukulu ya koleji amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu posankha kaya kukhalabe olembetsa m’madera awo kapena kulembetsa m’dera limene adzakhale.

Maboma ena atsutsa ufulu wa ophunzira wa kulembetsa ku maadiresi awo a sukulu, akutsutsana kuti si anthu oona a m'malo a ku koleji. Mavuto ameneŵa, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri sagwira ntchito m’khoti, amachititsa kusokonezeka ndi kusatsimikizira zimene zingaletse kulembetsa ndi kuvota. Kuopsa kwa zitokoso za lamulo kapena zinenezo za ovota kungakhale ndi chiyambukiro chowopsa pa kutenga nawo mbali kwa ophunzira.

Mpambo wa 20 Demetriment wachisanu ndi chimodzi wakhala ndi zitokoso zingapo za lamulo m’zaka makumi angapo chiyambire kupekedwa kwake, ndi zigomeko zachisawawa zochokera ku mmene wophunzira wa pa koleji kuchokera kunja kwa mzinda amaimidwira pa kufufuza. Mafunso a zamalamulo opitirizabe ameneŵa amasonyeza chipwirikiti chopitirizabe ponena za malo a osankha achichepere m’dongosolo la osankhidwa.

Kusiyana kwa Nkhani ndi Mabuku Ophunzitsa

Kusiyapo zopinga zalamulo, ovota achichepere amayang’anizana ndi chidziŵitso chapadera ndi mipata ya zopereka imene imatsekereza mokhutiritsa kutengamo mbali kwawo. Osankha anthaŵi yoyamba ayenera kuyang’anira makampani osankhira ocholoŵa osiyanasiyana popanda chidziŵitso ndi chidziŵitso chimene osankha achikulire asonkhanitsa kwa zaka zambiri kapena zaka makumi angapo akutengamo mbali.

Achichepere ambiri alibe chidziŵitso choyambirira ponena za mmene angalembetsere, malo ochitira voti, kuti adziwike kuti ndi ati, ndi mmene angadziŵire ntchito yovota. Pamene kuli kwakuti chidziŵitso chimenechi chiripo, kuchipeza ndi kuchimvetsetsa kumafuna nthaŵi, kuyesayesa, ndi chidziŵitso chakuti achichepere ambiri alibe. Sukulu ndi zikhalidwe zimasiyana kwambiri m'njira zimene amakonzekeretsa bwino achichepere kuvota, kuyambitsa kusagwirizana m’chigwirizano cha boma.

Kusoŵeka kwa dongosolo la malamulo la boma lochirikiza ovota atsopano kumatanthauza njira yotsendereza nyumba. Mosiyana ndi maiko amene amalembetsa nzika kapena kupereka maphunziro okhutiritsa, United States imasiya achichepere kufunsira okha. Njira imeneyi yodzisankhira imachititsa anthu amene alibe banja, chitaganya, kapena kuchirikiza kuvota.

Njira ndi Zomwe Achinyamata Amachita

Kusintha kwa Mbiri

Wovota wa achichepere wasintha kwambiri kuyambira pa kupeputsa kwa makumi aŵiri ndi asanu ndi mmodzi kwa Kusintha kwa Malamulo, ndi ziŵerengero za otengamo mbali kaŵirikaŵiri zikukhalabe pansi pa awo a magawo okalamba. M'mbiri, wovota wachichepere wapitirizabe pafupifupi 20% mkati mwa masankho apakati pa nyengo, ngakhale kuti zaka za masankho a pulezidenti zimawona kukhala ndi phande lokulirapo.

Chisankho chaposachedwapa chasonyeza ziyambukiro zolimbikitsa. Mu 2020, 50% ya achichepere, a zaka 18 - 299, ovota m'chosankha cha pulezidenti, chiwonjezeko chapadera cha 11 cha malo kuchokera mu 2016 (39%) ndipo mwachiwonekere chimodzi cha ziŵerengero zapamwamba za achichepere osankhidwa kuyambira pa nyengo yosankha chinatsika kufika pa 18.

Komabe, pafupifupi theka la achinyamata (azaka 18 - 299) anaponya chisankho pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2024, chimene chimakonzanso kuyerekezera koyambirira ndi malo kumene achinyamata amasankha nawo mu 2024 mu 2024 pafupi kwambiri ndi 2020 (50%), chomwe chinali chaka chapamwamba kwambiri cha m'mbiri cha wovota. Pamene kuimirabe kukhala ndi phande kwamphamvu, kutsika kwa kamodzikaŵiri kwa 2020 kumasonyeza kuti kutembenuka kwa achinyamata kwapamwamba sikungochitika kokha kapena kutsimikiziridwa.

Kusiyana kwa Ntchito ya Achinyamata

Achinyamata amene amafufuza ziŵerengero za achinyamata amabisa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene achinyamata amene amavota amachita.

Osankhidwa oyenerera ang'onoang'ono amatengamo mbali m'malemba a m'magawo otsika, ndipo zimenezo zinalinso choncho mu 2024, ndi wovota wachichepere wopita pakati pa 18 ndi 19 wa zaka pa 41%, 6 peresenti yotsika kuposa kutembenuka kwa achichepere onse. Mpata umenewu ukugogomezera mavuto apadera amene amayang'anizana ndi osankha anthaŵi yoyamba amene akuyendetsa dongosolo la voti kwa nthaŵi yoyamba.

Kusiyana kwa mafuko m'maunyamata kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kusalungama mu demokrase ya Amereka. Wosankha wachichepere anachoka pa 58% pakati pa atsikana achiyera kufikira pa ochepera theka la anyamata achilatini (27%) ndi anyamata achikuda (25%), ndi wosankha waung’ono wa Black ndi Latino, makamaka, akupitirizabe chikhoterero cha masankho aposachedwapa omwe ali chochititsa chachikulu.

Mipata ya zachuma yaonekeranso kukhala yofunika. Panali kusiyana kwa 9 kwa kutengamo mbali kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi mu 2024: 50% pakati pa atsikana ndi 41% pakati pa anyamata. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasonyeza zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi maunansi a ndale zadziko pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a achichepere.

Kusintha kwa Boma

Kutembenuka kwa achichepere kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri m'maiko, kusonyeza kusiyana kwa malamulo osankhidwa, zigwirizano za boma, ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale zadziko. Achichepere anachoka kuchokera pa 37% m'maiko ena kufika pa 13% m'masankho 2022, kusonyeza nkhani zapakati pa zochitika zazikulu kaamba ka kutengamo mbali kwa achichepere.

Maboma okhala ndi malamulo oletsa kuvota amasonyeza kuti achinyamata otsika kwambiri apita ku kampani. Tennessee (13%), Alabama (15%), ndi Oklahoma (15%) samakhala ndi tsiku limodzi, kapena salembetsa, ndipo Oklahoma ndi limodzi mwa maboma 10 okha m’dzikolo popanda kulembetsa kotheratu kwa intaneti; Tennessee ali ndi chithunzi chokhwima choyenera kuponya pepala lovomerezeka nthaŵi zonse; ndipo Alabama ndi limodzi la mayiko ochepa amene sapereka mwamsanga, m'voti wa munthu wina.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, akuti malamulo a kuvota ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito , akusonyeza kuti achinyamata achita nawo nawo kwambiri. Mayiko monga Minnesota, Maine, Michigan, ndi Colorado ali pakati pa maboma apamwamba pa 2024 a achinyamata omwe abwerera ndi m'mapepala a Facitalititive Evolution Laws, mayiko onse anayi ali ndi AVR, OVR, SDR, ndi kulembetsa asanabadwe pa zaka 16 zakubadwa ndipo onse anayi alibe kuvota, ndipo Colorado akutumiza mwadala makalata ovomerezeka kwa ovomerezeka onse, ndi Milsotapea , amene adatembenuza achichepere mu 2024, omwe anatsatira AVR ndi kulembetsa kwatsopano pambuyo pa zaka 20222 zosankhidwa ndipo amaoneka kukhala ndi zotsatira zake zachipansi, ndi kugawanso otchuka pakati pa zaka 1860 (19%).

Maluso Otsendereza Ochuluka Oyambukira Mikutu Yonse

Kuchotsa Matanthwe a Voter

Wovota woukira amatenga osankha a misinkhu yonse koma angayambukire mopambanitsa ovota achichepere amene amasamuka mobwerezabwereza ndipo angadziŵe kuti achotsedwa pa mindandanda ya kulembetsa. Amachotsa cholinga chooneka kuti kusunga ndandanda yolondola ya ovota mwa kuchotsa anthu amene anamwalira, kusuntha, kapena kukhala osaŵerengeka. Komabe, kuchotsako kaŵirikaŵiri kumachotsa osankhidwa oyenerera kupyolera m'cholakwa kapena malamulo aukali kwambiri.

Kuyenda kwa achinyamata kumawachititsa kutaya makamaka mafomu osintha kapena kulephera kuvota posamutsa. Wophunzira amene amalembetsa pa koleji koma savota pa chisankho cha kumaloko angachotsedwe chisankho china chachikulu. Munthu amene amasamuka pakati pa mayiko kuti apite ku maphunziro kapena ntchito angachotsedwe m'mapepala a mapepala onsewa, kuwasiya kuti asavote kulikonse.

Kusoŵa kwa kuonekera kwa njira zochotsera mavuto ameneŵa. Osankha ambiri samapeza kuti achotsedwa kufikira atayesa kuvota, pamene pangakhale kuchedwa kwambiri kulembetsanso. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma ena agwiritsira ntchito njira zotetezera monga zofunikira za chidziŵitso ndi kulembetsa tsiku limodzi kuti achepetse ziyambukiro zoyeretsa, ena amapitirizabe kuchotsa mwankhanza ndi kuchepetsa uyang'aniro kapena chitetezo cha wovota.

Kuchepetsa Mipata Yoyambirira Yogwiritsa Ntchito

Kusintha kwa mavoti pa nthaŵi yoyamba kumachititsa kuti anthu amene amavotawo ayambe kukambirana za kusamvana, kukumana ndi mavuto a zoyendera, kapena zinthu zina zowalepheretsa kuvota pa Tsiku la Chisankho.

Maboma ena achepetsa nyengo za kuvota msanga, kuchotsapo kuvota kwamwamlungu koyambirira, kapena kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha malo oyambirira ovotera. Kusintha kumeneku kumakakamiza ovota ambiri kuvota pa Tsiku la Chisankho, pamene mizera imakhala yotalikirapo ndi yolinganiza mikangano. kwa ophunzira opanga makalasi, ntchito, ndi mapangano ena, kulephera kuvota mwamsanga kungachititse kusiyana pakati pa kuvota ndi kusavota.

Achinyamata amene amavotidwa m’mayunivesite akayamba kuvota, ophunzira amawonjezera vuto loti asiye malo oyenerawa pamene akuwasunga m’madera ena, ndipo zimenezi zimawachititsa kuti achotsedwe.

Ziletso pa Kulembetsa Mwaudindo

Maboma ena akhazikitsa ziletso pa galimoto zimenezi, kulamula kuti mabungwe a boma alembetse, kukhazikitsa malamulo ovomerezeka, kuika malire a malamulo ovomerezeka, kuika malire a malamulo ovomerezeka, kukhazikitsa malire okhwima oyenera kugonjera, ndi kupanga zilango pa zolakwa zazing’ono.

Magulu a ophunzira amene angalembetse anzawo kuti aone kuti ndi ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a boma ndiponso kuti alephere kuletsa ntchito yawo.

Kwa achinyamata amene safuna kulembetsa okha, kuchepa kwa malamulo olembetsa kumachepetsa kulembetsa. Makamaka kuyendetsa galimoto kwa m’manja n’kofunika kwambiri kuti ophunzira apeze kumene amakhala ndi kuphunzira, kuletsa zochita zimenezi makamaka kusokoneza achinyamata.

Kukhumudwa Kochititsa Chidwi

Malamulo otsutsa ufulu wosankha anthu okhala ndi zikhulupiriro zaupandu, amayambukira anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku Amereka. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo ameneŵa amakhudza anthu a misinkhu yonse, ali ndi kufunika kwa makambitsirano a achichepere osankha chifukwa chakuti kaŵirikaŵiri kuloŵerera m’chiweruzo kwa upandu kumayambira paunyamata, ndipo chifukwa chakuti malamulo ameneŵa amayambukira kwambiri achichepere a mtundu.

Kulekanitsa kwa kugaŵanikana kwa milandu ndi kusiyana kwa mafuko m’dongosolo la chiweruzo chaupandu kumatanthauza kuti malamulo ameneŵa amaletsa kuvota pakati pa amuna achichepere a Black ndi Latino pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Zimenezi zikuwonjezera kuphomphona kochitidwa posankha ndipo zikuimira mtundu wa kutsendereza malo kumene kumawonjezera zopinga zina zoyang’anizana ndi achichepere osankha mtundu.

Maboma amasiyana kwambiri m'malamulo awo osokoneza ufulu, kuyambira kubwezeretsa ufulu wokha pamene amasulidwa kufika ku kusokonezeka kwachikhalire kwa milandu ina. Ntchito imeneyi imachititsa chisokonezo ndipo ingachititse ovota ena oyenerera kukhulupirira molakwa kuti sangathe kuvota. Kucholoŵana kwa malamulo ameneŵa ndi kunyozedwa kogwirizana ndi kuloŵerera kwa apandu kuletsa achichepere ena kuyesa kulemba kapena kuvota ngakhale pamene ali oyenerera mwalamulo.

Ntchito ya Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kukhazikitsa Lamulo

Kulemba Malo Opanga Matambula Mwachibadwa

Kulembetsa kwa kampani yodzifunira (AVR) kuli chimodzi cha masinthidwe otsimikizirika kwambiri owonjezera ovota achichepere. Pansi pa madongosolo a AVR, nzika zoyenerera zimalembetsedwa modzifunira kuvota pamene zigwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma monga madipatimenti a galimoto, ndi chosankha chosankha kwa awo amene sakufuna kulembetsa.

Kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa achinyamata olembetsa, kuchotsa njira zolembedwa mocholoŵana ndiponso zolembera nthaŵi, ndiponso kutsimikizira kuti mafomu asintha amaonekera polembetsa ovota. Maboma amene ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito AVR aona kuti kulembetsa kwawonjezeka kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata ndi magulu ena ocheperapo.

Kugwira ntchito kwa AVR popititsa patsogolo mbali ya achichepere kumasonyeza kuti mpata wa achichepere wotseguka umachokera ku zopinga za nyumba mmalo mwa mphwayi kapena kululuzika.

Kulembetsa Tsiku Limodzimodzi

Kulembetsa tsiku limodzi (SDR) kumalola osankha oyenerera kulembetsa ndi kuvota patsiku limodzimodzilo, kuphatikizapo pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Lamulo limeneli limathetsa vuto la masiku olembetsa amene amadutsa achinyamata asanasumike maganizo awo pa kusankha.

Kwa ovota oyambirira amene sakudziŵa za masiku olembetsa kapena amene amasamuka kaŵirikaŵiri, SDR imapereka chitetezo chofunika kwambiri. Ophunzira amene amazindikira pa mphindi yomaliza kuti sanalembetse, kapena amene sakudziŵa bwino za kulembetsa kwawo, angatengebe mbali m'masankho. Kusintha kwa SDR kumagwirizana ndi moyo wauchikulire m’njira zimene madongosolo a mwambo sagwirizana nazo.

Mayiko amene amalembetsa tsiku limodzi amasonyeza kuti achinyamata apeza bwino kwambiri kuposa amene alibe. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito kwambiri makamaka ngati laphatikiza njira zina zovomerezeka monga kulembetsa pa Intaneti ndi kulembetsa kwa zaka 16 ndi 17 za zaka zapambuyo pa kulembetsa.

Kulembetsa Pambuyo pa Zaka 16 ndi 17 Kale

Maprogramu a kulembetsa asanakhale amalola anthu 16 ndi 17 a zaka kulembetsa kuvota pasadakhale, ndi kulembetsa kwawo kukhala kokangalika pamene afika zaka 18. Lamulo limeneli limagwiritsira ntchito chenicheni chakuti achichepere ambiri adakali pasukulu yasekondale pa misinkhu imeneyi, kuwapangitsa iwo kufikira mosavuta m’masukulu ndi maprogramu a maphunziro a boma.

Kulembetsa kumathandiza kukhazikitsa kuvota kukhala mbali yachibadwa ya kubwera kwa msinkhu, kukugwirizanitsa kuloŵa m'chitukuko mmalo moona kuti ndi njira yosiyana, yovuta. Achichepere amene alembetsa asanalembetse ali othekera kwambiri kuvota pa masankho awo oyamba oyenerera koposa awo amene ayenera kulembetsa atasintha.

Sukulu zapamwamba zingaphatikizepo kulembetsa kwa anthu a m'makalasi a boma, zofunikira kumaliza maphunziro, kapena kulembetsa kwa sukulu yonse. Chichirikizo chimenechi chimapereka chikwaniritso chimene achichepere ambiri afunikira kuyendetsa bwino njira yolembera. Maboma amene agwiritsira ntchito kulembetsa kusanakhale aona kuwonjezeka kothekera m'kulembetsa ndi kubwerera kumbuyo kwa achichepere.

Kutumiza Makalata ndi Kutumiza Malonje

Madongosolo a maposi ndi osasankha osakhala ndi osakhalapo amapereka kusinthika kumene kumathandiza makamaka achichepere ovota. Ophunzira angavote popanda kuyenda ku nyumba kapena kudutsa malo opangira mapulogalamu a ntchito osasinthika. Achichepere okhala ndi ndandanda ya ntchito yosasinthika angavote pabwino paokha mmalo mwa kuyesa kulinganiza kuvota ku Tsiku la Chisankho lotanganitsidwa.

Maboma amene amatumiza pepala lolembera kwa osankha onse olembetsedwa aona kutuluka kwa achichepere amphamvu. Chiyanjo cha kulandira pepala lolembera m’positi, kukhala ndi nthaŵi yofufuza ndi nkhani, ndi kubwezera chiloti mwa makalata kapena kutaya bokosi chachotsa zopinga zambiri za kugawana zimene zimatsendereza kutengamo mbali kwa achichepere.

Komabe, makampani ovota papositi amafuna maadiresi olondola, amene angakhale ovuta kwa achinyamata amene amasamuka mobwerezabwereza. Madongosolo a Ballot akufufuza ndi kutsata nthaŵi yotalikirapo kaamba ka mavoti obwerera kuntchito amathandiza kuyang'ana ku zovuta zimenezi, koma mipata idakalipo kwa achinyamata ovota anthaŵi yochepa kwambiri.

Kulembetsa pa Intaneti

Makompyuta a pa intaneti amathandiza kuti anthu azilembetsa, kulembetsa, ndiponso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kompyuta.

Kutha kulembetsa pa Intaneti kumathandiza achinyamata kuti alembetse mafoni kapena kompyuta yawo kuti alembetse kuti ndi ovomerezeka.

Kusiya kulembetsa pa Intaneti m’mayiko ena kumasonyeza kuti achinyamata sakuona kuti n’kovuta.

Maphunziro a Ntchito Yamanja ndi Kukonzekera Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito

Ntchito ya Sukulu Pokonzekera Zopanga Zopanga

Masukulu amathandiza kwambiri pokonzekeretsa achinyamata kuti akavote, koma maphunziro apamwamba ndiponso apamwamba a boma amasiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Maboma ena akhazikitsa malamulo oti masukulu a sekondale apereke mwayi wovota, kuvota m’masukulu a boma, kapena kuchititsa ophunzira kutenga nawo mbali m’masankho.

Komabe, sukulu zambiri siziphunzitsa kwenikweni za boma, ndipo ngakhale zocheperapo zimakonzekera kuvota. kusiyana kumeneku kumasiya achinyamata ambiri opanda chidziŵitso ndi maluso ofunikira kuti ayendetsere njira yosankhira. Kusoŵeka kwa maphunziro a boma kumasonyeza kutsenderezedwa kwa nyumba, popeza kuti kumatsimikizira kuti ndi achichepere okha amene ali ndi chidziŵitso cha boma ndi chichirikizo chimene adzavota mwachipambano.

Kuloŵa m’Njira Yozikidwa pa Kampasi

Makoleji ndi mayunivesite azindikira mowonjezereka mbali yawo m'kuchirikiza wosankha wophunzira. Zoyesayesa zozikidwa pa chivoti zonga Campus zimaphatikizapo kulembetsa, maprogramu a maphunziro, kuthandiza ndi mapempho a kuchotsedwa, ndi kuletsa malamulo osankha mwaubwenzi a wophunzira.

TONTO TOSE MU Campes Democracy Challenge ndi njira zofananazo zalimbikitsa mazana a makoleji kuyambitsa makonzedwe okhutiritsa kaamba ka kuwonjezera osankha ophunzira.

Komabe, kuchirikiza kogwirizana ndi mavoti a ophunzira kumasiyanasiyana. Mayunivesite ena amapanga kuvota kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri, kupereka chuma ndi antchito kuti apange chitomero. ena amasiya ophunzira akusankha zoyesayesa zaufulu za magulu a ophunzira.

Kukhudza Anthu ndi Banja

Kutengera malamulo a boma ndiponso zochita za anthu kumathandiza kwambiri kuti achinyamata ayambe kuchita mavoti.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, achichepere ochokera m’mabanja ndi m’midzi yopanda mavoti amayang’anizana ndi zopinga zina zowonjezereka: Iwo angakhale opanda chidziŵitso chotsimikizirika ponena za kuvota, alibe aliyense wotembenukira ku mafunso, ndipo samalandira chilimbikitso kapena chichirikizo kaamba ka kutengamo mbali.

Mabungwe ozikidwa pa chitaganya angathandize kukwaniritsa mipata imeneyi mwa kupereka maphunziro ovota, chithandizo cha kulembetsa, ndi chilimbikitso kuti avote. Komabe, magulu ameneŵa amagawidwa mosiyana, ndipo achichepere ambiri alibe mwaŵi wa kuchirikiza boma.

Mavuto ndi Kutsutsana kwa Nthaŵi Yomweyi

Kusadziŵa Zinthu Molakwika Ndiponso Kusamvana

Ovota achichepere amafufuza chidziŵitso chodzaza ndi mawu olakwika onena za kuvota. Zinenezo zonama ponena za zifuno zolembetsa, njira zovota, ndi masiku a masankho zingasokoneze ndi kuletsa osankha achichepere. Nthaŵi zina ndawala zotsutsa chidziŵitso zimavutitsa achichepere ndi chidziŵitso cholakwika cholinganizidwa kutsendereza kutenga nawo mbali kwawo.

Achinyamata ovota ayenera kuphunzira luso losiyanitsa zinthu zodalirika ndi zonama.

Kuopa ndi Kuvutitsidwa

Chiwopsezo cha Voter, ngakhale kuti chikupitiriza kuchitika ndipo chikhoza kuyambukira makamaka ovota achichepere omwe angakhale osankha kwa nthaŵi yoyamba ndipo osatsimikizira ponena za zoyenera zawo. Zitokoso kwa ophunzira osankha kukhala ozindikira, kuyang'anira kofufuza kwachiwawa, ndi khalidwe la kupikisana pamalo ofunsira zikhoza kuletsa achichepere kuvota.

Chiwopsezo cha kuopsa kwa lamulo kwa zolakwa za kuvota, ngakhale zolakwa zopanda liwongo, chingakhale ndi chiyambukiro chochititsa mantha pa kutengamo mbali kwa achichepere. Ovota achichepere amene ali osatsimikizira ponena za ziyeneretso zolembetsa kapena malamulo ofunsira angasankhe kusavota mmalo mwa kuika pangozi kuchita kanthu kena kolakwika. Kutsendereza kochititsidwa ndi mantha kumeneku kuli kothandiza kwambiri makamaka kwa osankha amene alibe chidziŵitso ndi chidaliro m'kuyendetsa dongosolo losankhidwiratu.

Kutsenderezedwa kwa Achinyamata

Kutsendereza kwa achichepere ovota kwakhala kogaŵa, popeza kuti ovota achichepere achirikiza mowonjezereka ofuna democratic commissions m'masankho aposachedwapa. Apolisi amene amapanga kuvota kwa achichepere kukhala kovuta kwambiri amachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi makhoma a boma olamulidwa ndi Republican, pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo amene amatheketsa kuvota achichepere m'maiko olamulidwa ndi democratic.

Ngati ziletso pasukulu yovota, ophunzira avomereza, kapena kulembetsa zikugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa gulu ndiponso ndi zimene achinyamata osankha amakonda, zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kupondereza ena kumachitidwa mwadongosolo m’malo mosonkhezeredwa ndi kudera nkhaŵa kwa lamulo lokhudza kukhulupirika m’masankho.

Kusintha mavoti kumachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto ena owonjezera pa kusintha.

Zitetezero Ndiponso Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Malamulo

Kufika pa Malamulo Asanu ndi Aŵiri ndi Chisanu ndi Chimodzi ndi Zoletsa

Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa makumi aŵiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi kumaletsa kapena kuchepetsa ufulu wa kuvota pa zaka 18 ndi kuposapo. Lamulo lomveka limeneli limaletsa tsankho lachikale pa kuvota. Komabe, kusinthako sikumathetsa zopinga zambiri zosadziŵika zimene zimaletsa kuvota kwa achichepere.

Malamulo amene amapangitsa kuvota kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa aliyense koma mopambanitsa amayambukira achichepere ovota samaswa kwenikweni Lamulo Lowonjezera la Ma 20 m’6, ngakhale ngati chiyambukiro chawo chiri kutsendereza kutengamo mbali kwa achichepere. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amasulira kuwongolerako mochepera, akumasumika maganizo pa tsankho lachindunji la msinkhu mmalo mwa kuchepetsako.

Ochirikiza ena atsutsa mafotokozedwe owonjezereka a kusintha kumene kungavomereze kutsenderezedwa kwa kuvota kwa achichepere monga mtundu wa kupotoza msinkhu. Komabe, zigomeko zimenezi sizinavomerezedwe kwambiri m’makhoti, kusiyira mitundu yambiri ya kutsendereza wovota wa achichepere kuposa mmene angachitire ndi kuwongolera.

Kupereka Ufulu Woyenera

Chigawo 2 cha Chikalatachi chimaletsa kuvota chifukwa cha mtundu, mtundu, kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu a chilankhulo cha anthu. Chitetezero chimenechi chingathandize achinyamata amene amasankha amisinkhu yogwirizana ndi yokhudzana ndi ufulu wa fuko.

Komabe, Couting Rights Act siletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa msinkhu, ndipo chitetezo chake chafooketsedwa ndi zigamulo za khoti zimene zapangitsa kuvuta kwambiri kutsutsa njira zosankhira. Kuchotsa zofunika zolowera kumbuyo pansi pa Chigawo 5 cha Chikalatacho kwalola maboma kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuvota popanda kuyang’anira boma, kuphatikizapo malamulo amene amaletsa kuvota kwa achinyamata.

Kutetezera Malamulo a Boma

Malamulo ena a boma amapereka chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri pa ufulu wosankha kuposa malamulo a boma. Makhoti a boma omasulira makonzedwe ameneŵa nthaŵi zina agonjetsa malamulo oletsa kuvota amene makhoti a boma angasunge. Malamulo apamwamba ameneŵa angapindulitse achichepere ovotawo mwa kusatsatira malamulo amene amatsendereza kutenga nawo mbali kwawo.

However, state constitutional protections vary widely, and many states provide minimal protection beyond what federal law requires. The patchwork of state-level protections contributes to dramatic variations in youth voting access across states.

Zimene Zikuchitika: Kuteteza ndi Kukulitsa Ufulu wa Achinyamata Wopatsa Ena

Malamulo Ogwirizana

Malamulo a boma akanathetsa zambiri zimene zimaletsa kuvota kwa achinyamata. Malamulo onga ngati Freedom to Vote Act ndi John Lewis Voting Rights Adment Act akhazikitsa malamulo a dziko kaamba ka kulembetsa kovota, kuvota koyamba, ndi kutumiza makalata ovota, pamene kubwezeretsa mfundo za ufulu wachibadwidwe kutetezera njira zovota.

Malingaliro ameneŵa makamaka akanathandiza achinyamata ovota mwa kufuna kuti ovota alembetsedwe mwalamulo, kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, ndi kuwonjezera nthaŵi yovota mwamsanga.

Komabe, lamulo la ufulu wovota la boma likuyang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu za ndale zadziko. Popanda chichirikizo kapena kusintha ku malamulo a Nyumba ya Malamulo, lamulo la boma lokwanira likukhalabe losayembekezereka pa liwu lapafupi.

Kusintha kwa Boma

Kusintha kwa boma kumapereka njira yeniyeni yofutukulira kulowa kwa achichepere m'malo andale amakono. Mayiko angapereke chilolezo cha ovota, kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, kulembetsa kwa zaka 16 ndi 17, ndi makampani ovota popanda ntchito ya boma.

Ochirikiza ufulu wosankha achinyamata apambana kwambiri m’dzikolo, ndipo mayiko ambiri ayamba kutsatira malamulo ovota m’zaka zaposachedwapa.

Komabe, kusintha kwa boma kumachititsa ntchito yosankha imene imasiyana kwambiri m'mayiko onse. Achinyamata m’mayiko amene muli malamulo oletsa kuvota amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu, pamene kuli kwakuti amene ali m’mayiko amene ali ndi malamulo achinyengo akusangalala ndi kuvota mosavuta. Kusalingana kwa malo pa ufulu wovota kumavuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa malamulo a demokalase.

Kudzipereka kwa Mabungwe

Sukulu zapamwamba, makoleji, ndi mayunivesite angapange mapangano olinganiza kuchirikiza wovota wa ophunzira. Mapangano ameneŵa angaphatikizepo kugwirizanitsa kulembetsa kwa wovota m’zochita za kulembetsa, kupereka maphunziro a ovota monga mbali ya masukulu a boma, kupereka nthaŵi yosankha, ndi kuchirikiza malamulo osankha mwaubwenzi a ophunzira.

Mabungwe ambiri saona kuti ophunzira afunika kuvota kukhala ofunika kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi sizikupangitsa kuti ana a sukulu azisankha kuchita nawo ntchito yowonjezera.

Kulinganiza ndi Kuphunzitsa Ana

Achinyamata akulinganizanso kuti apeze njira yabwino yopangira mavoti ndi kusonkhanitsa anzawo. Mabungwe a achinyamata amalimbikitsa achinyamata kulembetsa, amaphunzitsa anthu ovota, amalimbikitsa kusintha malamulo, ndiponso akuchititsa akuluakulu osankhidwa kukhala ndi mlandu wochirikiza kapena wotsutsa ufulu wosankha wa achinyamata.

Kudziloŵetsa m’zochita za achichepere kumeneku kumaimira mphamvu yaikulu ya kusintha. Pamene achichepere alinganiza pamodzi, angagonjetse zopinga zambiri zimene zimatsendereza kutengamo mbali. Achichepere amakulitsanso maluso a anthu onse ndi zizoloŵezi zimene zimathandizira pangano la ndale zadziko la moyo wonse.

Kuthandiza achinyamata kumathandiza kuti azikhala ndi zinthu zambiri, alangizi komanso kuti athandize mabungwe. Mabungwe, mabungwe a boma, ndi masukulu angathandize kwambiri achinyamata kuti akonze bwino zinthu pamene akulemekeza utsogoleri wa achinyamata ndi ufulu wawo.

Kuthetsa Zochititsa Kunyozeka kwa Achichepere

Pamene kuli kwakuti kuchotsa zopinga pa kuvota nkofunika, kukwaniritsa lonjezo la Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Makumi Aŵiri ndi Asanu ndi Asanu ndi Amodzi kumafuna kulongosola mozama zochititsa kutsika kwa kubwerera kwawo kwa achichepere. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo maphunziro osakwanira a boma, kusagwira ntchito kwa ndale zadziko, kuchotsedwa m’magulu a ndale zadziko, ndi kuŵerengera koyenera kwakuti kuvota sikuli koyenerera zoyesayesa zoperekedwa zoloŵetsedwamo.

Njira zodzutsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuvota kwa achichepere ziyenera kuphatikiza kuchotsedwa ndi pangano lotsimikizirika. Izi sizikutanthauza kungopanga kuvota kukhala kosavuta komanso kupangitsa ndale kukhala zoyenerera ndi zovomereza ku nkhaŵa za achichepere, kupereka maphunziro a boma ndi mwaŵi wa pangano, ndi kusonyeza kuti mavoti a achichepere ali ndi nkhani.

Cholinga sichiyenera kukhala chapamwamba chabe pa chisankho chilichonse koma kuyambika kwa zizoloŵezi za kuvota kwa moyo wonse ndi kulonjezana kwa boma. Ofufuza akusonyeza kuti kuvota ndiko kusintha chizoloŵezi / / anthu amene amavota pa chisankho chawo choyamba angafune kuvota moyo wawo wonse. Komanso, achinyamata amene savota poyamba sangakhale ndi chizoloŵezi chovota.

Mapeto: Lonjezo Losakwaniritsidwa la Kukonza Malamulo kwa Makumi Aŵiri ndi Gawo

Patatha zaka zoposa makumi asanu kuchokera pamene anapasulidwa, Pempho la makumi aŵiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi lidakali chipambano chapadera m’kufutukuka kwa demokrase ya Amereka. Kusintha kwa achichepere kodziŵika kwa kukhala nzika ndi mtengo wawo mu ulamuliro wa demokrase, kuwafututsira kuyenera kwapadera kwa kuvota.

Komabe lonjezo la chisinthiko silinakwaniritsidwe. Ovota achichepere akupitirizabe kuyang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu za kutengamo mbali, kuyambira malamulo a ovota oletsa kulephera maphunziro a boma kufikira kusoŵa kwa ovota anthaŵi yoyamba olinganiza. Zopinga zimenezi zimatsendereza kuvota kwa achichepere, kuyambitsa mpata wosatha pakati pa ufulu walamulo wa achichepere wa kuvota ndi kukhoza kwawo kugwiritsira ntchito kuyenera kwawo kumeneko.

Zitsanzozo nzowonekera bwino: akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo osankha kuwona achichepere kukhala otsika, pamene kuli kwakuti maboma okhala ndi malamulo oletsa amawona kukhala ocheperapo. Osankha achichepere a mitundu amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zophatikizapo zimene zimatulukapo ziŵerengero zotsika kwambiri. Osankhidwa oyenerera achiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri . Osankhidwa osankhidwa a zaka 18 ndi 19 aukalamba . "Akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri, akulingalira kuti kusintha kwa kuvota sikuchirikizidwa mokwanira.

Ngati achinyamata mamiliyoni ambiri amaletsedwa kuvota chifukwa cha zopinga zimene zingachotsedwe, kodi tinganene kuti anakwaniritsa lonjezo la kubwezera kwa onse?

Kumenyera ufulu wosankha achinyamata n’kogwirizana ndi kulimbana ndi kuponderezedwa kwa ovota. Njira zogwiritsa ntchito kutsendereza kuvota . Zifuno za Oweruza a achinyamata, zopinga, malo ofunsira, kuchotsa pepala lofufuzira ndizo njira zofanana zomapondereza kuvotera pakati pa anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osankha ochepa olandiridwa, ndi magulu ena opatulidwa. Kumanga mgwirizano m'madera onsewa n’kofunika kuti zithandize kukonzanso zinthu.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, kutetezera ndi kufutukuka kwa ufulu wa kuvota kwa achichepere kudzafunikira kuyesayesa kopitirizabe pa mbali zambiri. Malamulo a Federal angakhazikitse miyezo ya dziko imene imatetezera ovota onse, kuphatikizapo achichepere. Kusintha kwa boma kungafutukule mapangano a masukulu ndi mayunivesite angathandize kwambiri osankha ophunzira. Kulinganiza kwa achichepere kulimbikitsa achichepere kufuna zoyenera zawo ndi kuchititsa akuluakulu kukhala ndi mlandu.

Mwinamwake chofunika kwambiri nchakuti, kukwaniritsa lonjezo la Kusintha kwa Malamulo makumi aŵiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi kumafuna kusintha kwakukulu m’njira imene anthu a ku America amaonera achichepere ovota. Mmalo moona kuvota monga vuto kapena chiwopsezo choyenera kuperekedwa, tiyenera kuzindikira achichepere monga nzika zathunthu zimene kutenga nawo kumalimbikitsa demokalase. Mmalo mwa kukhazikitsa zoletsa kuvota kwa achichepere, tiyenera kupanga madongosolo amene amavomereza ndi kuchirikiza ovota atsopano.

Mpambo wa Amakumi aŵiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi unalengeza kuti achichepere ali ndi ufulu wa kuvota. Patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ntchito yopanga kulondola kumeneko kwa achichepere onse ikupitirizabe. Nkhani zopitirizabe ponena za kutsendereza ovota, kulowa m'malo, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa demokrase zonsezo zikuyambira ku mafunso ofunika kwambiri onena za amene adzavota ndi mmene timawapangira iwo kukhala osavuta kapena ovuta kuchita zimenezo. Kwa achichepere osankha, mafunso ameneŵa adakali ofulumira ndi osathetsedwa.

Pamene mibadwo yatsopano iyamba msinkhu ndi kudzinenera kuti ali ndi ufulu wosankha, iwo amaloŵa zonse ziŵiri chipambano cha Malamulo Asanu ndi Umodzi ndi ntchito yosatha yotsimikizira kuti osankha onse oyenerera angaloŵemo mu ufumu wa demokrase wa America. Lonjezo la kukonzanso sikudzakhala chopinga kusanthula . Kufikira tsikulo, kumenyera ufulu wosankha ufulu umene unasonkhezera kuwonjezera zaka makumi aŵiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuitanira mbadwo uliwonse kutetezera ndi kufutukula malamulo a demokrase pa mtima wa nzika ya Amereka.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za kulembetsa kwa voti ndi zoyenera zanu zovota, chezerani Vote.gov , chikalata cha ovota a boma a boma cholembera. Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za pangano launyinji wa achichepere ndi wovota, fufuzani ntchito ya Conterter for Information & Research on CBIC Learning and Cincmentation [CFTCY:3] pa yunivesite ya Tufts.