Masankho abwino ndiwo malo ochititsa maulamuliro a demokrase, kutsimikizira kuti nzika iriyonse yoyenerera ingagwiritsire ntchito kuyenera kwawo kwakukulu kwa kusankha oimira ndi kusonkhezera kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Pamene masankho ali odalirika, amapanga kuyenera kwa maboma ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kudalirana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, masankho olakwika kapena osalungama angatsogolere ku kusakhazikika kwa ndale, kusakhazikika kwa mayanjano, ndi kuwonongeka kwa malamulo a demokrase. M'nyengo ya kuwonjezeka kwa masinthidwe, maluso a zasayansi, ndi masankhoti osankhidwa, kuchirikiza umphumphu wa gulu la osankhidwa a osankhidwawo, ndi kuchirikiza kuwona mtima kwa anthu. Chitsogonjezo chachikuluchi chikapo chikaponyetse njira zabwino koposa, miyezo ya demokrati, ndi zitokosokosoko ku masinthidwe oyenera kuchokera ku masankho, mitundumitundu, ndi ku makampani ofufuza a zamaphunziro.

Kumasulira Zisankho Zabwino: Makhalidwe Abwino

Pa mfundo yake, chisankho chabwino nchimene sichikupotoza, kukakamiza, kapena kukondera, ndipo ndi kumene onse ochitapo kanthu [1] otengamo mbali, oyembekezera, ndi zipani za ndale zadziko [“ali ndi mwaŵi wolingana wopikisana ndi kutengamo mbali. Lingalirolo limakula kupyola tsiku la chisankho lokha kuphatikizapo kayendedwe ka sankho, kuphatikizapo kutsenderezedwa kwa malire, kulembetsa, kuvomereza, ndi kutsutsana pamapeto. Zisonyezero zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Suffice --mudzi wamkulu aliyense ali ndi kuyenera kwa kuvota popanda ziletso zosayenera.
  • Mphamvu yovota yapadera ] – voti lililonse limakhala ndi kulemera kofanana (lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino la “munthu mmodzi, voti imodzi, mtengo umodzi”.
  • SEcrett – ovota angaponye mapepala awo popanda kuwopa kuopsezedwa kapena kukakamiza.
  • Ntchito zogwirizana ndi zosaphatikizapo – oyembekezera kapena mapwando ambiri angapikisane mwaufulu, ndipo mawu osiyanasiyana amaimiridwa.
  • Uyang'aniro wodziimira wokha – maulamuliro auchete amayendetsa popanda kuloŵerera.

Malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ameneŵa amasungidwa m'malamulo a mitundu yonse, makamaka Declaration of Human Rights (Umboni 21), umene umanena kuti “chifuniro cha anthu chidzakhala maziko a ulamuliro wa boma” ndipo chidzasonyezedwa mwa masankho enieni a nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.

Mfundo Zazikulu Zothandiza Anthu Oona Mtima

Kuwunikira

Kuwona bwino kumatanthauza kuti mbali iriyonse ya kachitidwe ka voti iri yotseguka kuyang'aniridwa ndi kupendedwa. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuloledwa kwa onse kwa ovota, kuvumbulidwa kwa ndawala, njira zoŵerengera, ndi kutulukapo. Mabungwe a gulu la chisankho (EMBS) ayenera kufalitsa madesiki anthaŵi, mabuku a procedtural, ndi chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi. Oonerera a m'nyumba ndi a mitundu yonse, ayenera kuloledwa kuyang'anira masiteshoni, malo oŵerengera, ndi njira zodandaula. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] OSCEAS for Democratic Informations ndi Human Rights (ODHR) [1] OFLT:1] OFUR [maunika zikwi zambiri za ofufuza ndi nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi ofufuza ndi ofufuza nkhani za .

Kuŵerengera

Akuluakulu a chisankho ndi mabungwe ayenera kuyankha pa zochita zawo. Zimenezi zimachitidwa mwa malamulo omveka bwino, kupenda kwachiweruzo, ndi njira za ovota kutsutsa kusatsata kolakwika. Oyang’anira nyumba ndi kuŵerengera. Opanga malamulo ndi mabungwe ayeneranso kugwirizana ndi malamulo a ndawala, ndipo kuswa malamulo kuyenera kutsogolera ku zilango. Nkhani zapamwamba, zonga ngati 2020 U.S. zofufuza kapena zigamu za Khoti Lapamwamba la Kenya 2022, zimasonyeza mmene nyumba zosungira mlandu zingachirikizire kapena kubwezeretsa chidaliro cha anthu.

Kudzipatula

Chisankho chosakanizidwa chimatsimikizira kuti palibe wovota woyenerera amene amachotsedwa molinganiza chifukwa cha fuko, chisembwere, fuko, chinenero, kupunduka, kakhalidwe ka anthu, kapena malo a dziko. Kupatula kumafuna masitepe oyendera: makampani ofufuza m'magalimoto a anthu akutali, osankha owonongeka mwa maso, chithandizo cha zinenero za anthu ochepa, ndi makonzedwe apadera kwa anthu othaŵa kwawo kapena othaŵa kwawo. Maiko onga Canada ndi India achita ntchito zodzipatula, monga kulola kuvota mwa kutumiza kwa nzika za kumaiko akunja kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zitsogozo za magetsi ndi zopimira.

Kuseŵera Bwino ndi Mwambo Woseŵera

Opikisana onse ayenera kukhala ndi mwaŵi wabwino wa kupereka malo awo oimapo popanda mapindu osayerekezereka m'zopereka, kupezeka kwa manyuzi, kapena chuma cha boma. Zimenezi zimafunikira malire aakulu pa zopereka za ndawala, njira zothandizira anthu, kupezeka koyenera pa wailesi ndi pawailesi, ndi malamulo oletsa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa kusoŵa ndalama. International IDEA yakulitsa chidziŵitso cha malamulo a za ndawala ya ndawala m'maiko onse, kusonyeza kuti njira zamphamvu za kulinganiza zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi umphumphu wapamwamba wa osankha.

Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri Posankha Zochita Zabwino

Kulembetsa M’manja

Malamulo odalirika ovomerezeka a voti ndiwo maziko a masankho alionse oyenera. Machitidwe abwino kwambiri tsopano akugogomezera kupitirizabe, kulembedwa, ndi kulembetsa kophatikizapo osati zizindikiro za apanthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kapena modzifunira. Makiyi ake amaphatikizapo:

  • Kulembetsa modzifunira kwa voti (AVR) [1] [1] – pamene nzika zigwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma (m’mphindi, DMV, chitetezo cha anthu), chidziŵitso chawo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito modzilembetsa kapena kukonzanso mafaelo. Monga 2024, oposa 20% AS. ndi maiko ena angapo atenga AVR.
  • Ma datafoni ogwirizana, ogwirizana , --kugwirizanitsa kulembetsa kwa chiŵeniŵeni, ma CD a dziko, ndi mipukutu yovota imachepetsa kujambula ndi kuphonya. Makompyuta a manambala a Estonia amalola nzika kuyang'ana ndi kukonzanso kulembetsa kwawo pa Intaneti.
  • Ndandanda ya kusungidwa kwa ndandanda [[FLT: 1] – kuchotsa anthu akufa, kujambulanso, ndi nzika zimene zasamuka kutsimikizira mpukutu kumakhala kolondola. Maiko ambiri amachita “magudumu a chaka ndi chaka a“ kutsimikizira".
  • Zoti zikhale zovomerezeka zolembetsera – pa Intaneti, masteji olembera mafoni, ndi kulembetsa tsiku lomwelo ku malo ofufuza amathandiza kuphatikizapo anthu ongoyenda pang’ono ndi osayenda bwino.

Mavuto adakalipo: M’mayiko ena osatukuka, mulibe mabuku odalirika olembedwa kuti ndi a boma ndiponso zikalata zolembedwa kuti anthu a m’dzikolo sagwirizana ndi magulu ena a anthu.

2. Maphunziro a Zopangapanga ndi Chidziŵitso

Kusankha koyenera ndi kofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi phande latanthauzo. Maphunziro a kampani ayenera kupitirira pa mfundo za maloji (kuti, pamene, mungavote) ndi kuphatikizapo chidziŵitso cha ofuna kusankhidwa, mapulatifomu a pa zipani, ndi njira zosankhira. Zochita zogwira mtima zimaphatikizapo:

  • Multi-platform compting train [FLT :1] -kugwiritsira ntchito wailesi, wailesi, wailesi, manyuzi, mauthenga a meseji, ndi misonkhano ya anthu kufikira anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa masankho 2023 a Nigeria, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) yogwirizana ndi makampani a telecom kutumiza zikumbutso za SMS mamiliyoni ambiri.
  • Nan-partisan wovota – mabungwe onga League of Women Voters mu U.S. amatulutsa chidule cha zolinga za miyeso ya chivoti ndi malo ofunsira.
  • Maphunziro a Chivomezi m'masukulu [1] --a'a kuphunzitsa achichepere za ntchito za demokrase amapanga pangano lanthaŵi yaitali. Mayiko onga Sweden amaphatikizapo zisankho zotsanzira monga mbali ya maphunziro.
  • [[FLT : 0] Kutulutsa mawu olakwika [[FLT :1] -EMBS kukhazikitsa magulu odzinenera mofulumira kuti achotse zonama, kaŵirikaŵiri mogwirizana ndi magulu ofufuza zenizeni. “kugamula kwa [1] njira yodziŵira anthu ponena za mavairasi.

3. Kuyang’anira ndi Kuthandiza

Kudziŵa ntchito ndi kukhulupirika kwa akuluakulu a masankho kumakhudza mwachindunji chidaliro cha anthu.

  • Kulembetsa ndi kuphunzitsa kozikidwa pa pulogalamu yachizembe ndi oyang'anira ayenera kusankhidwa kuti akhale okhoza, osati ogwirizana ndi ndale zadziko. Maprogramu a maphunziro ogwirizana, monga aja ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Australian Electoral Commission, kuphimba malamulo, chigamulo, ndi kusamalitsa kusamvana.
  • Zitsanzo ndi tcheni zoperekera – maballet, maemvulopu, ndi zidindo za chitetezo ziyenera kupezeka kuchokera ku kutulutsidwa kufikira ku kuŵerengera. Maboma ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu osonyeza ngati kuti ndi olondola ndi manambala a mpambo.
  • Kutenga kwa technology mochenjera [1] [1] pamene makina ovota amagetsi angafulumizitse kuŵerengera, ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi njira zapepala ndi mitengo yofufuzidwa. Lamulo la “ufulu wa pa kampani” limatanthauza kuti njira iliyonse yovotera iyenera kulola kuti anthu alembe okha.
  • Kulinganiza kwa kusanthula [[FLT :1] – kaamba ka masoka achilengedwe, miliri, kapena ziwopsezo za chisungiko, EMBs zifunikira njira zothandizira. Chisankho cha 2020 cha New Zealand mkati mwa CHOVAD-19 chinawonjezera kusanthula kwa post ndi kuyendetsa galimoto monga chitsanzo chachipambano cha masiteshoni ofufuza.

Malo Amene Zinthu Zokokomeza Zimapezeka Ndiponso Zimene Zimagwira Ntchito

Kupanga masiteshoni ochitira voti mafilimu olandira ndi osamala anthu onse ndi mayeso a tsiku ndi tsiku a chilungamo.

  • [[MLT:0] Kupezeka – ma jampp, zitseko, magalimoto oikidwa, ndi mahema osankhira ogwiritsira ntchito njinga ya opuwala. Chikwangwani m'makoma ndi pepala lalikulu chiyenera kupezeka.
  • [[FLT :0] Thandizo la zinenero [[FLT :1] -- zinenero zambiri, mapepala osankhira ndi zipangizo zosankhira ziyenera kutembenuzidwa, ndipo omasulira ayenera kukhala kumene kuli kofunika. Lamulo la Kutumiza Ufulu la U.S. limafuna chithandizo cha zinenero m'zigawo za anthu a zinenero zochepa.
  • Maola osinthasintha ndi ofeŵa [ – kufulumira kuvota, maola amadzulo, ndi kuvota kwa masiku ambiri zimachepetsa mizera yaitali ndipo zimalola antchito apantchito ndi osamalira kutengamo mbali.
  • Kuyang'anira ndi kudikira malire a nthaŵi – maulamuliro onga Netherlands amatsimikizira kuti palibe munthu amene adikira mphindi zoposa 30; ngati mizera ipitirira pamenepo, malo opatulira owonjezereka amatsegulidwa.
  • Malamulo ovota – kwa odwala m’chipatala, akaidi (malo ololedwa ndi lamulo), ndi anthu apachifuwa cha panyumba, mabokosi a magalimoto kapena maulendo apanyumba ayenera kulinganizidwa.

5. Chisungiko ndi Kusunga Umphumphu

Kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi vuto limene anthu ambiri amakumana nalo lokhudza chitetezo, kusatetezeka kwa pa Intaneti, ndiponso malamulo oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo.

  • Madongosolo a pa pepala-tima ta pa wilo [1] [1] , ngakhale pamene kuvota kwa pa magetsi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pepala lililonse liyenera kulembedwa papepala loonerapo limene lingaŵerengedwe ndi kufotokozedwa. Mapikica a ngozi ndi a golidi, pogwiritsa ntchito ziŵerengero za masamu kutsimikizira ziŵerengero za makampani.
  • Malamulo a kampani yopanga mavoti - ma datamsikripiti a voti, madongosolo a masankho, ndi kutulukapo makampani oulutsira zinthu ayenera kuletsedwa kuphwanya. Bungwe la Ecomment Consolation limapereka zitsogozo zaufulu za pa Intaneti, pamene njira yovotera ya pa Intaneti ya Estonia imagwiritsira ntchito zikalata zolembedwa ndi zikalata za magetsi zonga mitu ya magetsi ndi zitsimikiziro ziŵiri.
  • Zinthu zowonekera bwino kwambiri [1] – mabokosi otsekera okhala ndi zidindo zoŵerengedwa, maemvulopu otsegulira otsalirapo, ndi matumba otetezereka onyamulira zotulukapo.
  • Chisungiko chachiphamaso pamalo ofufuza – kusungitsa lamulo kuyenera kukhala kwapang'ono kuti kupeŵe kuwopseza, koma kokwanira kuyankha ku zosokoneza. Maiko ena amatumiza magulu a zachitetezo cha chisankho ndi malamulo otsimikizirika otetezera.
  • Kuŵerengera maposi ndi kutsimikizira – ziŵerengero za manja m'mabwalo, kuyerekezera zotulukapo ndi zolembedwa za voti, ndi kufalitsidwa kwa malipoti ofufuza mozama.

6. Kampeni ya Ndalama ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Masankho abwino amafunika kuti ndalama zisagwire ntchito m’ndale komanso kuti nkhani zoulutsidwa m’manyuzipepala zikhale zogwirizana.

  • Kupereka ndi kuwonongera malire -mademokrase ambiri a zopereka zachimake kwa zipani za ndale zadziko ndipo amafuna kuululidwa poyera kwa opereka aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, Ecompution Act ya Canada, imakhazikitsa malire aakulu pa kuwonongedwa kwa magawo atatu.
  • Mapangano a wailesi ya kanema - nyuzi zotchuka za boma ziyenera kupereka nthaŵi yofanana kwa oyembekezera kutsatsa malonda andale. Malamulo a UK a BBC ndi Ofcom a kukakamiza pa kusakondera panthaŵi ya masankho.
  • Kuwonekera kwa nyuzi – mapulatifomu ayenera kutchula kusatsa malonda kwa ndale zadziko, kupereka malaibulale opeka, ndi kuchotsa mawu a udani kapena chidziŵitso chonyenga. Mapangano a Digital Services (Malo a Chithandizo cha Malamulo) a EU tsopano amafunikira mapulatifomu aakulu kuti aone ndi kuchepetsa maupandu a pulogalamu.
  • “ Kuchotsa” nyengo – maiko ena amaletsa kusatsa malonda kwa ndale zadziko m’masiku otsiriza voti isanalole kusinkhasinkha.

Miyezo ya Padziko Lonse ndi Zopanga

Kuphatikiza pa malamulo a dziko, bungwe la ziŵiya zamitundu yonse ndi malamulo ofeŵa a kusanthula.

  • Chilengezo chosagwirizana cha Ufulu Wachibadwidwe (1948) [1] – Mfundo 21 ikhazikitsa kuyenera kwa kukhala ndi phande m’boma kupyolera mwa oimira osankhidwa mwaufulu.
  • Pangano la International pa Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Chipani ndi Chipolitiko (1966) – Mfundo 25 imafotokoza za kuyenera kwa kuvota ndi kusankhidwa pa masankho enieni a nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.
  • Kuchotsa Mafomu Onse a Tsankho kwa Akazi (1997) [1] – Mfundo 7 imatsimikizira kutengamo mbali kwa ndale zadziko kwa amuna mofanana.
  • OSCE / ODIHR Envition Observation Handbook – amapereka njira zatsatanetsatane zodziŵira kuti mugwirizane ndi malamulo a chisankho cha democracy.
  • Tchata cha African pa Democracy, Chisankho ndi Gulu (2007) [1] – inatengedwa ndi African Union, imapereka zikwangwani za kukhala ndi masankho anthaŵi zonse, aufulu, ndi abwino.
  • Kumasulira kwa Principles for International Evolution Observation (2005) [1] [1] - yovomerezedwa ndi mabungwe oposa 50, imakhazikitsa miyezo ya kuwona kosakondera.

Mabungwe a m’madera monga European Union, Organization of America, ndi Commonwealth, amene ali ndi ntchito yawo yoona za masankho ndi maprogramu a zopangapanga.

Mavuto Opitirizabe pa Nkhani ya Zisankho Zabwino

Kutsendereza ndi Kugwiritsidwa Mwala

Mosasamala kanthu za kupita patsogolo, zoyesayesa zadala za kuchepetsa malamulo osankha opitirizabe. Ma Tractic amaphatikizapo zofunika zamphamvu za 'IP zimene zimakhudza kwambiri anthu ochepa ndi osauka, kuchotsa mipukutu yovota popanda chidziŵitso chokwanira, kuchepetsa maola ovota amwamsanga kapena kusanthula malo ena m'madera ena, ndi kuchotsa malamulo obwezera amene amakhudza anthu mamiliyoni padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro 2021 a Brennan Center apeza kuti maboma a U.S. anakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuvota pakati pa 202020 ndi 2022. Maboma a boma akupereka malamulo oletsa kubwezera mavoti pambuyo pa kumangidwa, kuyang'anira ndandanda ya zosamalira, ndi zoletsa zoikidwa za lamulo zoletsa kukonza.

Kukayikira ndi Kusadziŵa Zinthu

Zipangizo zachilengedwe za magetsi zimatheketsa kufalikira mofulumira kwa mawu onama onena za masiku a chisankho, zofunikira za wovota, zolembedwa za ofunsira, ndipo ngakhale kuyenera kwa ntchito yonse. M'nkhani zina, makampani akanema opangidwa ndi boma amachotsa mawu oulutsira zinthu kuti afooketse chikhulupiriro. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi kumafuna maphunziro ophatikizapo kuwerenga ndi kulemba mawu, kuonekera kwa ndandanda, kuyang'anira ntchito ya pulatifomu, ndi kuchotsa (kulimbana ndi nkhani zonyenga). Kugwirizana pakati pa EMBs, chitaganya cha anthu, ndi makampani a tekinoloji omwe akuona m'Chikhalidwe cha Au European Common of Disation .

Chiwawa cha Ndale ndi Kuopa

Chiwawa kapena ziwopsezo zotsogozedwa kwa ovota, ofunsira, akuluakulu a masankho, kapena openyerera angaletse kutengamo mbali ndi zotsatirapo. Malo otentha amaphatikizapo madera okhala ndi mikangano ya mafuko, zisonkhezero za upandu wolinganizidwa, kapena malamulo ofooka. Masitepe oletsa amaphatikizapo madongosolo ochenjeza oyambirira, madongosolo a zachitetezo, ndi makambitsirano amene amagwirizanitsa anthu a ndale zadziko pamodzi kuti apereke chitsimikizo chosamenya nkhondo. Nkhani zachipambano zodziŵika zimaphatikizapo zomanga mtendere za Kenya pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa chiwawa cha mu 2007-2008, zimene zinatsogolera kulengedwa kwa bungwe la Independent Electoral ndi Bries Commis ndi zikalata za nkhondo yolimba kwambiri.

Kugwirizana ndi Kugwirizana kwa Mayiko Ena

Masankho amakono akuwopsezedwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo, kuba, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi adani akunja. Chisankho cha U.S. chinalimbikitsa kuloŵerera kwa mayiko ambiri komwe akukulankhula. Njira zotetezera zabwino kwambiri ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito makina ovotera a pa Intaneti, kuyesa nthaŵi zonse, kugawana nzeru zoopseza anthu kumadera ena, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito “kuyesa kotetezera kumene ofufuza angapezeko madongosolo oyenera kuti apeze zolakwika. Komiti ya Estonia yopanga makompyuta, yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito khadi lapadera la wailesi ya magetsi ndi kupereka njira zoyendera zinthu pa Intaneti, kaŵirikaŵiri imatchulidwa monga chitsanzo chosinthasinthasintha zinthu, komanso kufunikira zaka zambiri kuti akonzeke.

Magulu Ang’onoang’ono Awonjezeka

Mafuko a anthu a m'dzikolo, anthu a mafuko ochepa, opunduka, ndi LGBTQ+ anthu amayang'anizana ndi zopinga kuvota. Zimenezi zingakhale zovomerezeka mwalamulo (m’chitsanzo, kukana zikalata zaunziko), zothandiza (kusoŵa zoyendera pofufuza malo), kapena attitudina (malo opatula opatulira). Opimira a mpikisano wonga ngati akuluakulu odzipereka operekera ntchito, kusanthula m'mamita, maphunziro oyendera amuna ndi ogwirizana ndi anthu a mpikisano wa maphunziro amathandiza kutsegulira malo ofufuza. Malo a Australia ndi Torreter Islands Electorive Surtion Programme ndi chitsanzo cha kutembenuza kulembetsa kopetsa ndi kusintha kwa mlingo.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo Zothandiza Kulimbikitsa Kukhulupirika

Ngakhale kuti luso la zopangapanga nthaŵi zambiri limadetsa nkhaŵa, lingakhalenso chida champhamvu kwambiri poona kuti zinthu zonse ndi zoona. Kufufuza kwamphamvu kumachepetsa chinyengo, kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungira zinthu zotchingira kuwonjezera kuonekera kwa zinthu (ngakhale kuyesa kwambiri), ndiponso makhoti a pa Intaneti osavuta kulembetsa kulembetsa ndi maphunziro. Chinsinsi chake ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito luso la zopangapangapanga ndi kuyang'anira mwamphamvu, kuyang'ana kotsegulira, ndi kutsimikiza kuti sangalephere kuteteza zinthu. Chisankho cha 2020 ku Ghana, chomwe chinagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya sayansi ya zinthu ndi zipangizo zothandizira kuvota, china china cha mbiri yakale yolephera kuvota.

Kumaliza: Kulondola Kopitirizabe

Masankho abwino si malo oyenera koma njira yopitira koma yomangira, kudikira, ndi kuzoloŵera. Palibe dongosolo la sankho limene liri langwiro, koma mwa kumamatira ku machitachita ozikidwa pa umboni owonekera bwino kwambiri, kulembetsa kotheratu, kupezeka, kutetezereka kokwanira, ndi kukonza kwa kampeni kwapadera kwa mabungwe a democracy (mabungwe otsogolera gulu) angakulitse ndi kusunga chidaliro cha anthu. Malamulo a maiko onse amapereka chilonsi chofala, koma nkhani za kumaloko: zimene zimagwira ntchito m'dziko laling'ono, lodalirika lapamwamba monga Finland, zingafunikire kutengerapo kufalikira kwakukulu, kwa mafuko osiyanasiyana monga India. Panthaŵi imene malamulo a democracyism amayang'ono, kusunga umphumphu kwa anthu a m'malamulo. Monga momwe mavoti a mu Afirikaniwo amanenera: “Anthu a m'malamulo a Finland: