Chiyambi: Chochititsa Chatsopano Chosintha Ulendo wa M’matauni

Mabwana a mizinda lerolino amayang'anizana ndi mavuto amene amapangitsa kulinganiza kwa mwambo kukhala kwachikale. Kupitira ku mizinda, ziwiya zaukalamba, nyengo, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kumafuna njira zimene siziri kokha zodzutsa chidwi komanso kuyembekezera. Mlingo wa vutolo ngwodabwitsa: pofika 2050, 70% ya anthu a padziko lonse adzakhala m’mizinda, mogwirizana ndi United Nations . Kukulaku kumawonjezera mavuto amene alipo monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, ndi kuipitsa kwa anthu pamene akuyambitsa kupsinjika maganizo kwa madzi, mphamvu, ndi zinyalala.

Kulinganizanso tauni sikulinso chinthu chamtengo wapatali . Mabwana a mizinda aluso kwambiri ndi aja amene amasamuka kupyola pa malo okongola, kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kugwirizana, kugwirizanitsa luso la zopangapanga, ndi njira zothandizira anthu. Nkhaniyi ikupereka njira zatsopano zokhala ndi chiyembekezo, kupereka njira zochitira zinthu, umboni weniweni wa dziko, ndi malangizo othandiza kwa atsogoleri a mizinda odzipereka kumanga malo okhala olimba, otha kukhazikika, ndi oyenerera kuzungulira mizinda.

Luso la Umisiri Waluso M’mizinda: Kupanga Zosankha Zokhudza Chidziŵitso Chofunika Kwambiri

Mawu akuti "mzinda wa mabwinja" achokera ku wailesi ya magetsi n'kukhala njira yothandizira kuwongolera ntchito za boma. Pakatikati pake, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, Intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), ndi kupititsa patsogolo zinthu kuti apeze ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa chidziŵitso cha nthaŵi yeniyeni. Mabwana a mzinda, malipiro a tauni amawongoleredwa bwino, kuchepetsa mtengo, ndi mautumiki abwino oyendera, mphamvu, kuteteza anthu onse, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu.

Zolemba za Teographia ndi Zogwirira Ntchito Zake

Zipangizo zoyendera mphamvu zamagetsi zopingasa m'mphepete mwa msewu, misewu, ndi nyumba zingayang'anizane ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe, mpweya, mpikisano, phokoso, ndi malo a nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, Barcelona wagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zounikira zamagetsi m'makompyuta ake, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndi 30% powongolera chitetezo cha anthu mwa kuwala kosintha. Mapasa a m'mapasa [1] [makompyuta a makompyuta a mizinda] kutsanzira kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka makompyuta kapena ndalama asanachite ntchito. Singapore indectozo kuchokera ku makampani osiyanasiyana opanga mapologalamu a Singapore, kuchokera ku ku kuzungulira kwa madoko a mkupinga a m'midzi.

Luntha lopanga ndi maajensi a makina ophunzirira ma algoritime mu mitsinje ya chidziŵitso kusanthula njira zokonzera zofunika, kupanga zizindikiro za magalimoto, ndipo ngakhale kuneneratu za mautumiki a anthu. Mu Chattanooga, Tennessee, chipangizo cha fiber-alytics chophatikiza ndi kuyendetsa kwanthaŵi yeniyeni kuchepetsa nthaŵi ndi 20% m'maola okwera. Mabwana a mzinda angagwiritsire ntchito zida zimenezi kuti asiye kuyang'anira zinthu, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa mwala kwa nzika.

Kukwaniritsa Mapu a Madansi a Msewu a Mabwana a Mzinda

Kutenga njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungogula zinthu zopangidwa ndi makina opangira zipangizo zamakono.

  • Amafufuza mfundo zamakono za maziko ndi chidziŵitso. Sankhani mipata ya kugwirizana, kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso, ndi mphamvu ya antchito.
  • Tsalani zotsatirapo zomveka. M'malo mwa "nzeru yobwera," zoimira magetsi monga kuchepetsa mphamvu pa munthu mmodzi kapena kuchepetsa nthawi zimene anthu amayankha pa ngozi.
  • . [1] Ganizirani ntchito zazing'ono, zokhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chigawo chimodzi kapena m'gawo limodzi la utumiki. Gwiritsirani ntchito kumanga chichirikizo cha mkati ndi kulungamitsa bajeti yaikulu.
  • Kusagwirizana. Sankhani miyezo ndi mapulatifomu otseguka ndi oletsa ogulitsa kutsekera. Kutsimikizira zamtsogolo kutsimikizira kuti makompyuta angagwirizane ndi tekinoloji yatsopano pamene atuluka.
  • Kusintha chidziŵitso kuyang'anira ndi chinsinsi. Pangani malamulo omveka bwino a kukhala ndi madata, chivomerezo, ndi chisungiko. Kukhulupirira ndiko maziko a kuvomerezedwa kwa nzika.

Si mzinda uliwonse umene umafunikira malo aakulu alamulo ofanana ndi NASA’s Mission Control . Njira zaluso kwambiri ndizo zimene zimathetsa mavuto padera, ovuta kwambiri . Mofanana ndi dongosolo la magalimoto la Manila logwiritsira ntchito GPS lolemba kuchokera ku ma jeepney kutumizanso zoyendera za anthu onse panthaŵi yeniyeni. Mabwana a mzinda ayenera kusumika maganizo pa njira zimene zimapanga ziwongoleredwere m’dongosolo limodzi la bajeti kuti achirikize ndale ndi kuchirikiza chipambano cha boma.

Kupangidwa kwa Malo Okongola: Chilengedwe Monga Chopanga Zinthu

Njira zina zothandizira kuti zinthu zachilengedwe ziziyenda bwino m’mizinda ndi zokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso kuti zisamawonongeke.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Kupanga Zinthu Zabiri

[[FLT: 0] Matsindwi ndi zipupa za maluŵa [[FLT :1] zimachepetsa kutentha kwa tauni, kuchepetsa mtengo wa magetsi omanga, ndi kuyendetsa madzi a mphepo. Kufufuza kwa Nationalal Park Service [[FLT:] kunapeza kuti minda ya padenga ku Chicago ichepetsa kutentha ndi 5°F poyerekezera ndi matsindwi a anthu akuda. Mabwana a mzinda, kupereka mafuta kapena misonkhozo ya mafashoni a denga la denga la denga kungasonkhetse mlingo wotengerapo kudyetsera kwa munthu wopambu.

[[FLT :0] nkhalango za Urban ndi mitengo yofutukulidwa imapatsa mapindu ena aakulu kwambiri pa zoikizira za anthu. Ndalama iliyonse yowonongedwa pa kubzala mitengo imabala $5 m’mapindu a kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepetsedwa, kukongola kwa mpweya, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chuma. Mizinda monga Melbourne yakulitsa maluso a nkhalango za m’tauni omwe amaika malo otetezera (40% mpaka 2040) ndi kubzala m'malo otentha oyenerera kulongosola za chiweruzo cha malo okhala.

Mapale okhoza kutayika ndi bioswales zimalamulira kutuluka mwa kulola madzi kuloŵa ndi kusefa mwachibadwa. Dologa ya Green City ya Philadelphia, Pulogalamu ya Chrash yawononga ndalama zoposa $2 biliyoni m'madzi obiriŵira, kuchepetsa kusefukira kwa zonyansa ndi malita 2 biliyoni chaka chilichonse. Programuyi inapanganso ntchito zobiriŵira ndi kuwongolera malo a anthu onse.

Oyang’anira Matauni Otsatira Mfundo za Malamulo

Kuti aone mmene mapulani obiriwira amapangira, mabwana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

  • Mutsetseni malamulo a malo kuti mukhale malo obiriŵira pang’ono pa chigawo chilichonse chimene chikupita patsogolo.
  • Perekani ndalama zothandizira pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze ndalama zogulira madzi osefukira, zopereka za boma, ndi zopereka zaumwini.
  • Kulingalira za zobiriŵira za miyezo ya kugula nyumba zokhala ndi mzinda ndi malo a anthu onse.
  • Yambani kugwirizana ndi anthu paokha kuti musunge ndi kuyang’anira zinthu zachilengedwe.

M’malo momanga mapaipi akuluakulu a pansi panthaka, misewu, ndi mizere yotereyi kuti igwe bwino pa nthawi ya mvula. Malo amenewa ndi osangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo youma. Njira imeneyi inathandiza anthu kuti azikhala bwino pa nthawi ya chigumula.

Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Kophatikizapo

Kukula kwa magetsi kumachititsa makwalala a nyumba, masitolo, maofesi, masukulu, ndi mapaki mkati mwa mitunda yoyenda kapena yoyenda ndi njinga. Njira imeneyi imachepetsa kudalira kwa magalimoto, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera za mabanja, ndi kupanga makwalala otetezereka, otetezeka ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Chidziŵitso chakonzedwanso ndi "mzinda wa mitumini 15" chitsanzo chochitidwa ndi Paris Anne Hidal ndi Carlos Moreno, chimene chimafuna kutsimikizira kuti nzika iliyonse ikhoza kukumana ndi tsiku limodzi lokwanira maola 25 kuchokera kunyumba.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Anaphatikiza Ntchito Zake?

Kufufuza kokhazikika kumasonyeza kuti malo ophatikizapo anthu ophatikizana amachepetsa kutulutsa carbon ndi 20-40% poyerekezera ndi malo ogwiritsa ntchito limodzi. Amathandiziranso mabizinesi a kumaloko (magalimoto a miyendo yochuluka), kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu (kuyenda kowonjezereka), ndi kuwonjezera kuyanjana kwa anthu. Kwa mabwana a mizinda, vuto ndi kugonjetsa malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito mwapadera.

Kukula kwa magetsi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa (TOD) [1] ndi njira yamphamvu yokonzera zinthu zophatikizana. Kuyendera malo onyamulira kuchepetsa mtengo wa masiteshoni ndi kuwonjezera kayendedwe. Portland, Oregon, yagwiritsira ntchito TOD fray kukhazikitsa malo okhala mozungulira malo oima a magetsi, okhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi malo oyenera ndi zochepetsera. Chotulukapo nchakuti 30% ya maulendo amapangidwa ndi fting, kuyenda, kapena wilojelo . [1]

Kugonjetsa Zopinga

Kulimbana ndi anthu ovutika kumanga malo ozungulira monga kutsutsa, kumanga magalimoto ochepa, ndi kugawikana kwa malo. Mabwana a mizinda apeza njira izi:

  • Malamulo ozikidwa pa Fum amene amalamulira mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a misewu mmalo mwa kugwiritsira ntchito magulu, kulola zinthu kusanganiza zinthu zogwirizana.
  • Malamulo a malo a kudziko amalamula kuti chigawo chimodzi mwa magawo a makampani atsopano ogwiritsa ntchito osanganikirana chikhale chotheka, kuletsa kusamuka kwa madzi owonjezera.
  • Kusintha kumachotsa kapena kuchepetsa zofunika zoimika galimoto, zimene zimawonjezera mtengo waukulu ndi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto. Matauni ambiri tsopano amaika malo oimikapo galimoto.
  • Malo ogwirizana amaikizira malo amene amapeza ndi kusunga malo kuti athandize anthu kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kutsimikizira kutukulidwa kwa ntchito yosakaniza kumathandiza anthu okhalapo m’malo mwa olima.

Medellín, Colombia, anasonyeza kuti malamulo ophatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito angagwire ntchito ngakhale m'midzi yamwamwaŵi. Mwakugwirizanitsa barrios ku pakati pa mzinda ndi galimoto za m’ndege ndi kupeza malaibulale a zaumoyo, zipatala, ndi misika pa masiteshoni, mzindawo unachepetsa nthaŵi za ulendo, upandu, ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu. Njirayi tsopano imaphunziridwa padziko lonse lapansi monga chitsanzo chogwirizanitsa kuyandikira ku mizinda.

Kugwirizana ndi Kulinganiza Zinthu m’Chitaganya ndi Kugawanamo

Luso laluso kwambiri laukatswiri limalephera ngati silikugula anthu. Kulinganiza kothandiza kumadutsa kupyola pa kuweruza kwa anthu (kumene mawu aakulu kwambiri amalamulira) ku njira zopangidwa, zophatikizapo zimene zimafikira magulu osadziŵika. Mabwana a mizinda amene amavomereza kudalirana kwa anthu, kutulukira kwa malowo, ndi kupanga mapulani amene amalimbana ndi kusintha kwa ndale zadziko.

Zipangizo ndi Njira Zothandiza

Mapulatifomu a chikole cha Digital mofanana ndi Consul (choloŵa , chogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Madrid ndi Helsinki) amalola nzika kufunsira ndi kuvota ntchito, kutumiza malingaliro, ndi kukwaniritsa mzera. Mapulatifomu ameneŵa amafikira achichepere, a zasayansi-yavvy koma ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi njira za pa positi kuti aphatikizepo okalamba, zopezedwa zotsika, ndi anthu osalankhula Chingelezi.

Kulinganiza ndalama zapakhoti kumagaŵira mwachindunji mbali ya ndalama za mzinda zoikizira ntchito zosankhidwa ndi nzika. Mu New York City, Project Yogawira Malamulo yaphatikiza anthu oposa 150,000 kuti asankhe pa ndalama zamalikulu za sukulu, mapaki, ndi kuwongolera kwa m’misewu. Kachitidweko kamawonjezera pangano la boma ndi malo opangira zinthu, zothetsera za ndalama zotsika zimene antchito a mzindawo sanaganizirepo.

Mathiro operekera chizindikiro ndi malo ochitira pulojekiti abweretsa pamodzi anthu osiyanasiyana masiku angapo kuti apange mapulani, kutsutsana, ndi kukonza makonzedwe mogwirizana. Rosario, Argentina, pulani ya pulani ya pulaneti ya Paraná yapansi pa mtsinje wa kugwiritsira ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu ndi asodzi, akatswiri a maindasitale, akatswiri a malo okhalako, ndi nzika za dziko kupanga mapulani olinganizitsa kutukuka kwa chuma ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe. Makonzedwewo ali ndi chichirikizo chachikulu chifukwa chakuti gulu lirilonse limawona mizere yake pa chikalata chomalizira.

Kusonyeza Kuyenera Pochitapo Kanthu

Popanda njira zadala, njira zotomerana zimafuna kuti anthu achuluke kwambiri ndi anthu amene apuma pantchito.

  • Kuchitira misonkhano m’masukulu, m’malo ochitira misonkhano, ndi m’malo olambirira, osati m’holo ya m’mizinda yokha.
  • Kusamalira ana, kutembenuza, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu.
  • Kugwiritsira ntchito akazembe a chitaganyacho — kudalira atsogoleri akumaloko — kulembetsa kutengamo mbali m’magulu a m’magulu a atsamunda.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ongosankha mosaganizira (makomiti a juli kapena mavoti ofufuza zinthu) kuti apange malo oimira anthu.

Gawo la Seattle lokonzanso msewu wothamanga kwambiri linagwiritsa ntchito anthu 30 osankhidwa, omwe anakumana pamapeto a mlungu oposa 6 kuti aphunzire za magalimoto, kumva umboni wa akatswiri a malonda, ndi kukambirana za malonda. Gululo linapanga makonzedwe akuti misewu ya mabasi ikhale yochuluka pamene ikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kuimika magetsi .

Kufufuza za Matenda: Maphunziro a M’mizinda Yochita Upainiya

Kupenda mmene mizinda yotchuka yagwiritsira ntchito njira zatsopano zimenezi kumapereka pulani yochitira zinthu zofanana.

Singapore: Mtundu Wochenjera

Sult Nation’s Smart Stutt si ntchito imodzi koma njira yochuluka yogwirizanitsa ziyambukiro za zinthu, chidziŵitso, ndi nzika kuzungulira mbali zonse za moyo wa m’tauni. Singapore . .Iikulu yamphamvu Singapore [1] imaphatikiza zinthu 3D kuchokera ku mabungwe 30 kuchokera ku utali wa mtengo mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito. Mabwana a mzinda amagwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera mphamvu zatsopano zoyendera mphepo, kulowa kwa dzuŵa, ndi mithunzi ya mthunzi isanayambe kumangidwa. Phunziro ndilo kuti kugwirizanitsa zinthu, osati luso la zopanga, limachititsanso phindu lalikulu. Singapore imagwiritsira ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito yophunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kulemba kulemba zinthu [[FLD:3] ndi kuyang'anira anthu a m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ya pa maofesi a maofesi a boma.

Copenhagen: Malo Obiriwira Okhala Ngati Makina Otha Kupanga

Copenhagen atakhala likulu loyamba la dziko lapansi la carbon-neut pa 2025 adapanga zinthu zatsopano za mapulani obiriŵira, mphamvu yachigawo, ndi nyumba za njinga. Mzindawu umagwiritsira ntchito mapulani a ogwirizana osintha a anthu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito malo onse monga mpata woyang'anira madzi. Chotulukapo ndicho mzinda umene umasefukira pang’ono, sumazizira kwambiri, ndipo umapatsa malo ambiri kuposa malikulu a dziko lonse. Crucily, utsogoleri wa Copenhagen adaloŵetsamo anthu kudzera mu "madera a ozungulira ndege", kulola nzika kuyesa mapulaneti awo a zomera asanafike m'tauni. Olandira mapulani a kuderalo: ndi kukonzako, kumanga umboni ndi ndale zadziko.

Medellín: Kuloŵa m’Matauni ndi Kusintha Kogwirizana

Pambuyo pake, medellín anadzisintha yekha monga mzinda wachiwawa kwambiri padziko lonse, mwa kupanga mizinda chiwiya chopangira chilungamo. Procecto Urbano Integral Procto Integ] inayang'ana midzi yapambali ya makomo yokhala ndi thulusi latsopano, mipambo ya anthu, malaibulale, ndi masukulu. Moti, mamembala a mudziwo anaikidwa m'mbali iliyonse ya kulinganiza, kuyambira kuyang'anira kumanga. Chotulukapo chinali kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuphana ndi lingaliro la kukhala ndi chuma cha onse. Kwa mabwana a mzinda, Medellíms , maphunziro a kuyenera kukhala [FLD2:] kupeputsa malonda kwaunda wambiri ndi kusungitsa malonda kwa anthu a m'dziko.

Freiburg, Germany: Chigawo cha Vauban

Malo a Vauban amasonyeza kupangidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa chigawo. Amamangidwa pa malo akale a asilikali, ali ndi malo opanda galimoto, nyumba zoyendera dzuwa, maluŵa a maluŵa, ndi nyumba zopezedwa zosiyanasiyana. Anthu akukhala m'bungwe la "aunionism" limene limayang'anira zinthu ndi kulinganiza magwirizanidwe a galimoto. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa chigawo ndi 80% kutsika ndi avereji ya German. Freiburg amasonyeza kuti miyezo yofuna kupanga maluso, kulamulira kwa chitaganya, ndi kudzipereka kwa ndale kungapange madera omwe onse aŵiri ndi ofunikira ndi ochirikizidwa.

Kumaliza: Kumanga Mzinda Wamtsogolo, Boma ndi Boma

Kusintha kwa zinthu kumene kwafotokozedwa pano [1] Luso la zomangamanga, kumanga, kumanga madera osiyanasiyana, ndi njira zothandizira anthu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Mphamvu zawo zimachokera ku kugwirizana. Mzinda umene umagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoulutsira mpweya kuyang'anira kulimba kwa mpweya, kenaka umagwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitsocho kubzala mitengo m'madera otentha, ndiyeno amathandizira anthu okhala m'mafakitale obiriwirawo, ndipo zotsatira zake n’zoposa programu iliyonse.

Mamanejala a mizinda ayeneranso kuzindikira kuti kusintha zinthu kuli ndi ngozi. Technology ingawonjezere nkhaŵa zachinsinsi ngati sizikulamulidwa moonekeratu. Nyumba za maluwa za Green zimafuna kukonzanso zinthu zimene nthaŵi zambiri zimanyalanyaza. Kupangidwa kwa makampani ophatikiza kungagwirizanitse ngati sikukuphatikizana ndi kutha kwa ndalama. Ndipo kulinganiza kwa malo ena kungachedwe ndi kusokonezeka. Koma njira zina . Kulimbana ndi malo osungirako zinthu a m'galimoto, kupangidwa ndi kulinganiza kwa galimoto, ndi kupanga zosankha zapamwamba [1] ndi kuopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa zinthu m’dziko.

Masitepe otsatira othandiza a mamanijala a mzinda:

  • Chitani Phindu lapasadakhale la zolinganiza za mzinda wanu. Kodi mipata ya zogwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso, nyumba zobiriŵira, kugwirizanitsa malo, ndi mawu a anthu ili kuti?
  • Sankhani ntchito imodzi yokwera, yotsika magetsi youlutsa ndege [1] m'dera lililonse. Chipangizo chimodzi chokonzedwa ndi misewu yobiriŵira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana chingachititse chisonyezero champhamvu.
  • Mangani gulu lapadera lophatikizapo limene limasonkhanitsa zoyendera, nyumba, mapaki, ndi IT antchito. Silos ndi mdani wa mankhwala ogwirizana.
  • Invector mu data ya olemba ndi kulemba kwa antchito komanso kwa anthu. Zida zabwino kwambiri n’zopanda ntchito popanda kumasulira ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa zimene apanga.
  • Konzekerani ku ['FLT:0] metrics zopanda pake kuyambira pachiyambi. Yesani osati kungowongolera kwake komanso ngati mapindu apeza ndalama zochepa ndi malo ozungulira.

Mizinda imene idzakula bwino m’zaka makumi akudzayi ndiyo imene imawona kulinganiza kukhala si mndandanda wa malamulo koma monga njira yogwira ntchito yosalekeza yowongolera. Njirayo njomvekera bwino: kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso kuunikira, chilengedwe kugwirizanitsa, kulumikiza, ndi anthu kutsogolera. Mabwana a m'mizinda amene amatsatira njira imeneyi yauchikulire sadzangothetsa mavuto a lerolino okha.