Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukufulumira, imodzi ya nkhani zowopsa kwambiri zoyang'anizana ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko lonse ndi kukwera kosalekeza kwa nyanja. Chochitika chimenechi chikuwopseza kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino, malo otetezereka, ndi malo okhala otetezereka amene amachirikiza anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Poyankha, opanga malamulo, mainjiniya, ndi asayansi ayamba kupanga njira zatsopano zoyendetsera madzi kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kumeneku ndi kuteteza anthu osatetezeka. Kufunikira kwa kukonza zinthu zatsopano, ndi kupambana kwa kufufuza kumene sayansi yapanga njira zoyendera, njira zoyendera zoyendera, ndi zoyendera zoyendera zachipambano zimene zikhoza kukonza.

Kumvetsa Mmene Nyanja Zimakhudzira Madzi

Mtengo wa nyanja umakwera ndi madalaivala awiri oyambirira: kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana, ndi kutentha kwa madzi a m’nyanja. Malinga ndi bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), mlingo wa nyanja padziko lonse wakwera ndi pafupifupi 20 sentimita kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndipo chiŵerengerocho chawonjezeka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Ngakhale patakhala masamu otentha pang’ono, zithunzi zimasonyeza kukwera kwa masentimita 300,000 pofika 2100, ndi kukwera kwapamwamba ngati chigawo cha madzi owunda. Kusintha kumeneku kungaoneke ngati kukuoneka kukhala kwabwino, koma kulemera kwa madzi.

Malo a m’mphepete mwa nyanja amachuluka ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, ponse paŵiri kusefukira kwa mphepo ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kwamphamvu “tsiku". Kusungunuka kumeneku kungawononge madongosolo a madzi a mkuntho, kuwononga zomera za m'madzi oipa, ndi kuipitsa madzi abwino ndi mchere ndi zoipitsa. Chimodzi mwa zotsatirapo zoopsa ndi kulowa m’madzi amchere m’nyanja ya mchere m’madzi abwino. Pamene madzi a m’nyanja akuya, kukwera kwa mphamvu yachilengedwe pakati pa madzi a pansi pa nthaka ndi nyanja, kuchititsa madzi amchere kusunthana ndi kuchotsa madzi akuya. Zimenezi zingapangitse madzi a mchere kukhala osalimba ndi nthaka yabwino ya zaulimi.

Kusefukira kwa magombe kumawonjezera mavuto ena okhudza madzi. Kutha kwa madambo a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kumachotsa malo osungirako zinthu amene amachotsa madzi ndi kutulutsa mphamvu. Msanganizo wa madzi osefukira, kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndi kusefukira kwa madzi umafuna zambiri, kutsogolo kwa malamulo a madzi amene amathandiza kuteteza ndi kukhalitsa kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kayendetsedwe Katsopano ka Madzi

Maboma ndi mabungwe padziko lonse akugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto amenewa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Mosiyanasiyana

Atsogoleri amadzi amakono kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa malamulo okhazikika ndi zigwirizano zapadera, koma mlingo wa madzi akuya umayambitsa kusatsimikizirika kwakukulu. Kuyendetsa madzi kosintha kumaloŵetsamo kusintha kusintha kwa masinthidwe ndi ntchito. Apolisi amalinganizidwira kusinthika pamene mikhalidwe ikusintha, kugwiritsira ntchito kugaŵira kwamphamvu kwa ufulu wa madzi, kuyang'anira malo enieni, ndi kupendanso ngozi nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Mwachitsanzo, madzi ena amene akugwiritsira ntchito “maseŵero otetezera madzi akunsi" amene amayambitsa njira zotetezera madzi pamene a pansi panthaka kufika pamlingo wakutiwa. Zimenezi zimatheketsa mabwana a malonda kugulitsa kusungidwa kwa madzi odalirika, kuyenda kwa malo, ndi zosungiramo chuma popanda kuchitapo kanthu. [FLT:]

Madera Okongola ndi Obwezeretsedwa

Malo osungirako zinthu zachilengedwe ndi obwezeretsedwa amatumikira monga “makwalala achilengedwe” amene amatetezera mphepo yamkuntho, zoipitsa, ndi madzi a pansi panthaka. Madambo omangidwa amapangidwa kutsanzira ntchito zimenezi m'malo oyenerera. Opanga madongosolo akuphatikiza malo otentha kwambiri m'mapaipi ndi mabwinja. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali a U.S. Oyendetsa madoko a Anjinira akulimbikitsanso “mabandejiya otsekedwa" kumbali kwa malo amwambo a Leve. Ku Mekong Delm, Vietnam ikubwezeretsa nkhalango za malunje kuti achepetse mphamvu ndi kuteteza mafamu a mpunga. Mcherenje, kunyamula zinyalala ndi zakudya, kukonzanso kukongola kwa madzi a mchenga kwa madzi. Kukonzanso malo osungiramo nsomba ndi mbalame ndi mabowa olimbitsa chitaganya. [FL:]

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Kuchotsa mchere ndi njira yochotsa mchere m’madzi a m'nyanja kapena m’madzi a pansi pa nthaka kuti atulutse madzi abwino. Pamene madzi a m’madzi a m’madzi akunja akusungunuka kapena kutha, kuchotsako kumapereka chilala chotetezera. Masiku ano zomera zokhala ndi chilala sizikuwononga kwambiri mphamvu. Zoletsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi a m’nyanja zikuphatikizapo mphamvu zambiri pa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowononga mphamvu zotha mphamvu zotha kuchepa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mazira a m'ma 75% kuyambira m’ma 1970. Komabe, kuchotsa kwa madzi kumakwera mtengo poyerekezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa masiku onse. Kuchotsa madzi kuyenera kutayidwa ndi kuchotsa madzi ambiri kumaiko a Middle Australia, monga momwe kuyenera kuwonongera madzi a m'madera akunja. Malamulo amaphatikizapo mphamvu ya kuchepetsa mphamvu ya madzi a m'nyanja. [Magazi:]

Kusamaliranso Malamulo ndi Zopinga za M’mphepete mwa Nyanja

M'madera ena, chivomerezo chachikulu chowononga nthaŵi yaitali ndicho kusamuka kwa anthu, chuma, ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba kuchokera ku madera apamwamba. Kubwerera kwawo kumaphatikiza kulinganiza kusintha kwa zaka makumi angapo, kupereka zinthu zogulira eninyumba, misewu ndi machenjeze, ndi kuteteza malo opanda kanthu monga malo otsegula kapena malo ozizira. Nthaŵi zambiri, kubwerera kumayendera limodzi ndi malamulo amene amaletsa kumangidwa kwatsopano m'madera osefukira ndi kukhazikitsa “mizere yopita kunsi ya dziko lapansi pamene mizera ya nyanja ikukwera. Mwachitsanzo, Chisinthiko cha Kakhalidwe kakhalidwe ka dziko la New Zealand ndi malamulo oyendetsa zinthu a kugombe amaphatikizapo ntchito yothandiza kukonzanso malo. Ngakhale kuti zandale zikulepheretsa kuchepetsa ndi kuteteza anthu kuwonongeka kwa nthaŵi ya m'tsogolo ndi kuchuluka kwa nyanja.

Kuteteza Madzi ndi Kuthandiza

Kuchepetsa kufunidwa kwa madzi abwino ndiko imodzi ya njira zosavuta ndi zotsika kwambiri zochepetsera kuloŵerera kwa madzi amchere ndi chilala. Malamulo osintha zinthu amaphatikizapo nyumba zosungiramo zokhala ndi ndandanda zimene zimalamulira mlingo wochuluka wa ntchito, maprogramu a pirate a kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndi maprojekiti odziŵitsa za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, “maprogramu a madzi oteretsa a Singapore" anathandiza kudula pa sukicapita ndi 10% m'zaka khumi. Kukonza madzi ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito ntchito ntchito yowonjezereka; kutaya madzi angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kuthirira, mabizinesi, kapena ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito dala mosadziŵika bwino. Ora , mapulogalamu a pa California amathandiza magalamu 130 a madzi osinthasintha ndi 10% m'chaka chimodzi kuti ateteze mchere.

Kufufuza za Kupambana kwa Matenda

Madera angapo kuzungulira dziko lonse achititsa madongosolo ameneŵa kukhala apamwamba, akumapereka maphunziro ofunika kwa ena oyang’anizana ndi ziwopsezo zofananazo.

Netherlands: Kudzipereka kwa Dziko Lonse Posintha Njira Yoyendetsera Madzi

Netherlands ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko m’kukhala ndi madzi. Pafupifupi munthu mmodzi wachitatu wa dzikolo ali pansi pa nyanja, komabe amakhalabe ndi anthu ambiri ndi kutulutsa. Kugwirizana kwa Dutch kumagwirizanitsa boma àofłthetheariart ndi uinjiniya wosinthasintha. Delta Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deltal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California: Kuteteza Madzi, Kuwagwiritsa Ntchito Popanga Madzi Owonongeka, ndi Kuyendetsa Madzi a Pansi panthaka

Chidziŵitso cha California cha kusoŵa kwa madzi ndi kusoŵa kwa gombe chachititsa kulinganiza kwa njira zatsopano. Sustainable Grouter Management Act (SGMA), itapita mu 2014, imafuna makampani a kumaloko kukonza matenje okonzedwa ndi 2040. M’madera a kugombe, SGMA imatchula mwachindunji za kuwonongeka kwa madzi a mchere mwa kufuna kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira madzi akum’munsi. Dzikolo lakhalanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri madzi ndi kuchotsa. Poseidon dealinition projects Central Valles ku Carlesbad, ndipo chomera chachiŵiri chikulingaliridwa ku thiridwa ku Huntington Beach. Panthaŵi yomweyo, madzi a chigawo cha South California akuperekanso mphamvu zambiri ndi kuchotsa zinthu za m'dziko. Central Projectives Central Provition ndi kukwera kwa madzi a Centralo Central Africa kukwera kwa , ndipo kuli kukwera kwa chivomezi cha ku gombe lamphamvu kwambiri la Pacific.

Bangladesh: Kusintha kwa M’dera Lokhala ndi Madzi Ovuta Kuwasiya

Bangladesh ndi limodzi la maiko otetezereka kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi, ndi tsidya lotsika limene lili ndi anthu oposa 160 miliyoni. Nyanja yalenje imakwera kusefukira, chimphepo, ndi kuloŵera m'mitsinje ndi madzi amchere. Boma, mogwirizana ndi Njongo ndi opereka mpunga padziko lonse, lapanga masinthidwe ogwirizana. Kumanga matumbo okongola amene amatumbidwa ndi madzi abwino kuchokera ku tsidya lina, osakwanira ma greasline aquifer; kumanga nyumba zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mathithi a madzi akugwa; ndi kupititsa patsogolo mchere wambirimbiri mpunga. Kukonzanso kothandiza kukonza maprojekiti a dziko lapansi kwa anthu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu andale akukhala ndi zipata zopinga zamphamvu.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo M’tsogolo

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zatsopano zimenezi, zopinga zazikulu zimalepheretsa anthu ambiri kutenga njira zothandizira anthu oyenda bwino panyanja yokwera kwambiri.

Kusoŵa ndi Mavuto a Zachuma

Maboma ambiri ndi mabungwe a zachuma apadziko lonse ayenera kuyendera limodzi ndi ndalama zothandizira, ndi njira zatsopano monga zomangira zobiriwira kapena zopimira. [FLT: 0] Kawirikawiri alibe ndalama zoperekera msonkho kapena kubwereka zinthu zimenezi. Maboma adziko ndi mabungwe a zachuma apadziko lonse ayenera kuwonjezera njira zothandizira kupatsa ndalama, ndalama zochepetsetsa ndalama, ndi njira zatsopano zothandizira ndalama monga zomangira zinthu zobiriwira kapena zokhalira kulimba. [FLT: 0] Facelity for Disaster Reduction and Reverection imathandiza mayiko kuyambitsa njira zothandizira ndalama zimene zimaphatikiza ndalama, zogwirizana ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama, ndi nyumba zamali. Popanda ndalama zokwanira, ngakhale malamulo olembedwa bwino kwambiri a The kopareding .

Chifuniro cha Zandale ndi Zopinga za Mabungwe

Malamulo osintha zinthu kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi zidutswa zazifupi za ndale zimene zimayanja ntchito zowoneka ndi zophimba mofulumira pa nthaŵi yaitali, kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Kubwererako, makamaka, sikumachitidwa ndi ndale chifukwa chakuti kumafuna kuti anthu asiye malo ndi nyumba. Akuluakulu ophunzitsidwawo angazengereze kukhazikitsa zopinga za gombe kapena kukweza milingo ya madzi kuti apereke kaamba ka kukonzanso zomera. Kugonjetsa zimenezi kumafuna kupitirizabe kugwirizanitsa kwa sayansi, ndi kulinganiza zinthu kumene kumaloŵetsa osungitsa minda. Malamulo, monga ngati masitepeni a Water Frames Directive Directive kapena SGMA ya California, kungapereke mphamvu yosintha kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kupanga malamulo kuti anthu apitirize kukambirana zinthu zasayansi, kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Chilungamo cha Makhalidwe ndi Chilungamo

Demokala la nkhalango yokwezeka kwambiri imakhudza kwambiri anthu olandira ndalama zochepa ndi magulu otsika, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala m'madera osefukira ndi amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa zosinthira. Kuyankha kwa madzi kuyenera kulinganizidwira kugaŵira ndalama ndi mapindu abwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kuphatikizapo milingo ya moyo ya ntchito yofunika. Maprogramu ochepetsa ndalama ndi chithandizo cha kusamuka kwa madzi, osati kungogula zinthu. Maprojekiti a kusungidwa ndi kuyendetsa madzi ayenera kuikidwa ndi kuperekedwa ndi zothandizira za chitaganya kuti apeŵetse ziganitso za kuzungulira malo. Kulephera kulankhula ndi kusadalirika kwa anthu ndi kutsogolera ku zitokosonetsa zololedwa za lamulo zimene zikuchedwa kusamuka.

Kusintha Zinthu Poyeza ndi Potengera Mafano

Malamulo a madzi amtsogolo adzadalira pa chidziŵitso cholondola kwambiri, chapamwamba chokhudza kukwera kwa madzi a pansi panthaka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi. Kupita patsogolo kwa kupima kwakutali, kufufuza kwa dralone, ndi maadiagnositive a hydralogloging kuwongolera kuneneratu ndi kuchirikiza kupanga kwa nthaŵi zokwanira. Madongosolo a sayansi amene amasonkhanitsa madzi ambiri ndi mchere wambiri kukhozanso kudzaza malo a boma. Madokotala ayenera kusungitsa mapulatifomu a zoyendera ndi kutsegula mipale yothandizira kugwirizanitsa zinthu ndi kulinganiza, umboni wogwirizana wogwirizana ndi Global Ocean Observating Sy System , ndiwo ofunika kwambiri kuti apange njira zoyendera ndi kugaŵana machitidwe abwino kwambiri kumalire.

Kumaliza

Climate precinal preset à sea à light à syndrome , ndi kulingana. Palibe njira imodzi yokwanira yothetsera mavuto a madzi. Malamulo a m'nyanja amafunika kukwera kwambiri. Pamene madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja akukwera, zinthu zachilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe, kuteteza, ndi kubwerera kwawo kwapadera. Zitsanzo zachipambano za ku Netherlands, California, ndi Bangladesh zimasonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti mavuto ali enieni, kupita patsogolo kumatheka pamene sayansi, mgwirizano wa chitaganya, ndi ndale zikupitirizabe. Pamene mipata ya nyanja ikupitirizabe, zosankha zimene tikupanga lerolino zidzatsimikizira ngati anthu a m’mphepete angathe kuteteza madzi ndi kukhazikika. Mwa kuphunzira ndi kumanga zinthu zatsopano, anthu angasinthe chiwopsezo chakusintha kukhala malo abwino, osunga mphamvu, osunga madzi a mibadwo yambiri kuti afike.