Boma la United States kaŵirikaŵiri limawonedwa m’mawu osawoneka — bungwe lakutali logwira ntchito ku Washington, D.C., kupanga malamulo ndi kusamalira nkhani zachilendo. Komabe, chisonkhezero chake nchaumwini kwambiri, kufikitsa pafupifupi mbali iriyonse ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwa nzika zake. Kuyambira nthaŵi imene mukudzuka ndi kutembenukira ku mkhalidwe wapamwamba wa mpweya umene mupuma ndi misewu imene muyendetsa pa , malamulo a boma, maprogramu, ndi chitetezo zimaumba chidziŵitso chanu. Kuzindikira mbali imeneyi yofala koma yosawoneka kaŵirikaŵiri nkofunika kaamba ka kukhala nzika yodziŵa ndi yotchuka. Nkhani imeneyi imapenda mayeso enieni a boma kupyola malo asanu ndi aŵiri aakulu, kuvumbula mmene boma la dzikolo siliri lokhala lokhazikika, logwira ntchito m’dziko la America.

Maphunziro: Accounting, Equity, ndi Chichirikizo cha Federal

Maphunziro ku United States ali thayo lamwambo la boma ndi la kumaloko, koma boma limachita mbali yaikulu ndi yomakulakula m'kutsimikizira s , , kulephera [, ndi [[FLT] kuchuluka m'dziko lonselo. M'PUPIRI suli pulogalamu ya dzikolo kapena Dipatimenti imodzi ya Maphunziro yolamulira makalasi; mmalo mwake, imagwira ntchito kupyolera ndi ndalama, zisonkhezero, ndi ufulu wa anthu kukhazikitsa malo oseŵera kwa ophunzira mosasamala kanthu za malamulo awo.

Mutu wa Nkhani Yopereka Ndalama: Kutseka Mpata Wokapeza Ufulu

Imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zimene boma limathandizira sukulu ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wakuti I wa Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESA), tsopano Wophunzira Aliyense Wenievects Act (ESA). Mutu Ndimapereka ndalama mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri kwa masukulu omwe ali ndi ophunzira ochepa. Ndalama zimenezi zimapangidwa kuti ziwonjezere, osati kuchotsa, boma ndi chuma cha kumaloko, kutheketsa masukulu kulemba aphunzitsi ena, kugula zinthu zophunzitsira, kupereka mphunzitsi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu a sukulu ya ku tauni ku Mississippis kapena ku Chicago, ndalama zingatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa laibulale yogwira ntchito ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, pakati pa mlangizi ndi woyendetsa maphunziro.

Kuposa kuchilikiza mwachindunji kwa ndalama, Umutwe Ndimakhala ndi ziyeneretso za kuŵerengera mlandu, kulemba za m'mabukhu, ndi kuloŵerera kwa maumboni. Sukulu ziyenera kusonyeza kuti akugwiritsira ntchito ndalama mogwira mtima kuwongolera zotulukapo za ophunzira. Masinthidwe aposachedwapa a lamulo agogomezera kusinthika kwa maboma ndi zigawo, koma chitsimikiziro chachikulu cha boma cha kukhala ndi dzina lotsala. Kuwonjezera pa mmene mutu wa Title I umagwirira ntchito,chezera U.S Department of Education’s Thit I .

Wophunzira Waudindo Loans ndi Grant: Njira Yoloŵera ku Maphunziro Apamwamba

Pamene wophunzira wa pasukulu ya sekondale alemba Free PUS for Federal Students Aid (FAFSA), iwo akuloŵa m'boma la boma mwachindunji. Programu ya ophunzira a boma — kuphatikizapo Ndalama za Nthenda ndi Zosagonjetsedwa, PLUS Loans kwa makolo ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro, ndi programu ya Pell Grant — imapereka ndalama zoposa $100,000,000 chaka chilichonse. Popanda dongosolo lino, mamiliyoni a ophunzira opeza ndalama zotsika ndi zapakati sangakhale osakhoza kugula maphunziro apamwamba, maphunziro a zaukatswiri, kapena maphunziro a zaukatswiri.

Malikole a Federal amapereka ndalama zoikizira ziwongola dzanja zoikika, maprogramu okhululukira antchito a boma, aphunzitsi, ndi manesi. Masinthidwe a oyang'anira Biden ku malipiro a ndalama (Planty translation) ndi zolinga za kukhululukira zabweretsa maprogramu ameneŵa kuwunikira kwa dziko. Pamene kuli kwakuti makambitsirano akupitirizabe pa mtengo ndi kupambana kwa chithandizo cha ophunzira cha boma, palibe chikayikiro chakuti boma liri magwero a ndalama aakulu koposa kaamba ka maphunziro a sekondi ku America.

Maphunziro Apadera ndi Ufulu wa Nzika

Aspen of Diculture Education Act (IDEA) ndi lamulo la boma lotsimikizira maphunziro oyenera apoyera (FAP]) kwa ana opunduka m'malo osalimba. ITEA imalamula kuti masukulu apange Programme Education Education Programs (IEPS) ya ophunzira oyenerera, kupereka mautumiki ofanana monga mankhwala olankhulira ndi ochiritsira ntchito, ndi kutsimikizira njira zotetezera mabanja. Boma la boma lakwaniritsira ndalama zochepa za ITEA, ngakhale kuti ochirikiza kuti ndalama za boma silinafikirepo 40% ya maphunziro a maphunziro oyenera, kupereka mautumiki ofanana ndi oikizidwa poyamba.

Kuwonjezera apo, Office for Civil Rights (OCR) m’Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro ya ku United States imakhazikitsa malamulo a boma amene amaletsa tsankho lochokera ku fuko, mtundu, mtundu, kugonana, ndi msinkhu m’maprogramu amaphunziro amene amalandira ndalama za boma. Lamulo limeneli lathandiza kwambiri kuti ophunzira opunduka apeze njira zopezera ufulu, kuthetsa kuvutitsidwa ndi kuchitidwa nkhanza za kugonana ndi kuchitidwa pamutu wakutit IX, ndi kulimbana ndi tsankho la fuko ndi kusiyana m’masukulu.

Kusamalira Thanzi: Kuchokera pa Kubadwa Kukaloŵa Kumapeto kwa Moyo

Maprogramu a zaumoyo a Federal amakhudza anthu a ku America kuyambira pa mpweya wawo woyamba kufika pa kumalizira kwawo. Pamene kuli kwakuti dongosolo la zaumoyo la United States liri msanganizo wocholoŵana wa inshuwalansi yaumwini, mapulani a wolemba ntchito, ndi maprogramu a boma, boma limapereka chitetezero cha maziko ndi dongosolo la kachitidwe ka ka ka ka kapindulidwe ka zinthu.

Medicare ndi Medicaid: Zipilala Ziwiri za Inshuwalansi ya Umoyo wa Anthu Onse

Medicare , yokhazikitsidwa mu 1965, imapereka inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo kwa anthu a zaka 65 ndi zaukulu, komanso achinyamata amene ali ndi matenda ena ndi kutha kwa chigawo chachiwiri. Ndi pulogalamu ya boma yoperekedwa ndi Centers for Medicare & Lamp; Médicaid Services (CMS), yoyendetsedwa ndi kulipira misonkho, ndalama zoyendetsera, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera. Medicare imabisa chipatala kuti chisathawirebe (Pangano la D), mankhwala ovomerezeka (Chigawo), ndi othandizira ambiri amasankhanso makonzedwe aumwini (kakhalidwe). Kwa achikulire, Medicareare kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito ndi kuwonongeka kwa zachipatala.

Madetid ndi programu ya boma yogwirizana imene imapereka thanzi kwa achikulire olandira ndalama zochepa, ana, akazi apakati, achikulire, ndi anthu olumala. Boma limakhazikitsa miyezo yochepera ndi ndalama zowonongedwa — chiŵerengero cha boma chimasiyana kuchokera pa 50% mpaka 80% kudalira pa 80% pa dziko ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu otumikira. Affordable Care Act (ACA) yofutukuka ya Médid kwa achikulire okhala ndi ndalama zochulukirapo 138% ya mlingo wa umphaŵi wa dzikolo chinachepetsa kwambiri mlingo wosavomerezedwa m’maikowo. Mdidi akuphatikiza 80 miliyoni tsopano ndi magwero aakulu a chithandizo cha anthu a ku America ndi ochirikiza mautumiki a nthaŵi yaitali.

Kumvetsetsa maprogramu ameneŵa nkofunika kwa nzika iliyonse yoyendetsa ntchito zaumoyo. Kaamba ka chidziŵitso cha boma chonena za kuyenerera ndi kulembetsa, chezerani [[FLT: 0] Medicare. gov kapena [FLT :2] .

Lamulo Losatha la Kusamalira: Kusintha Zinthu m’Malonda ndi Zitetezo za Anthu Ogula

ACA, yomwe inasainidwa m'chaka cha 2010, inasintha kwambiri makampani a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo. Inachititsanso anthu ogula zinthu amene amawononga moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: kuletsa mavuto amene alipo, kulola achinyamata kugwiritsa ntchito njira za makolo mpaka atafika zaka 26, kuchotsa malire a pachaka ndi moyo wawo pa mapindu ofunika kwambiri a thanzi, ndi kukonza zotetezera mautumiki popanda kulipira ndalama. Lamulo linakhazikitsanso bungwe la Health Inshuwalansi Msikansis ndi mabizinesi kumene anthu ndi mabizinesi aang'ono angagule ma mapulani awo a kugulako a misonkhongo ya ndalama ndi ndalama zopilira ndalama zogulira ndalama zogulira ndalama zogulira ndalama zogulira inshuwalansi.

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto a ndawala ndi milandu yosatha, chitetezo chachikulu cha ACA chidakali chotchuka kwambiri ndipo chakhala chodalirika kwambiri kwa anthu osamala zaumoyo ku America.

Zimene Anthu Amayamba Kuchita pa Zaumoyo: Kuteteza Anthu

Boma la boma, makamaka kudzera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ndi National Institutes of Health (NIH), limalimbikitsa ntchito zaumoyo wa anthu zimene zimakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mabungwe ameneŵa amayang'anira matenda, amachititsa kafukufuku, amafalitsa malangizo okhudza katemera, chakudya, ndi ntchito yathupi, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa zachipatala. Ntchito ya CDC yoyang'anira chimfine, kufufuza chakudya, ndi kuteteza chakudya mopambanitsa kumapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu tsiku ndi tsiku. Mliro wa mliri wa boma pa katemera wa katemera (Operation Warp Fieve), kufalitsa, ndi malangizo aumoyo anakhala mbali yaikulu ya chivomerezo cha dziko lonse.

Umoyo wa anthu onse umawonjezeranso maprogramu a thanzi la amayi ndi ana onga Special Nutrition Program ya Akazi, Ana, ndi Ana (Wic), imene imapereka chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi kupatsa akazi oyembekezera ndi ana aang'ono olandira bwino. Malamulo a zaumoyo kuchokera ku EPA amagwirizanitsanso thanzi la anthu mwa kulamulira mpweya ndi zoipitsa madzi.

Zoyendera: Kusamukasamuka

Boma la boma limachita nawo kwambiri ntchito yoyendetsa katundu ndiponso kuteteza anthu, ndipo limaonetsetsa kuti anthu a ku America akuyenda modalirika ndiponso mwachisungiko panjira, pa sitima, ndi pandege.

Njira Zapamwamba ndi Misewu: Malo Oloŵeramo ndi Kuposapo

Interstate Highway System, inayamba mu 1956, ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za anthu m'mbiri ndipo ili ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendetsedwa ndi Highway Trust Fund . Boma limasonkhanitsa misonkho ya mafuta ndi ndalama zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugaŵira ndalama kuti apereke pomanga misewu, kukonza, ndi kukonza. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma ayang'anira misewu, miyezo ya boma imathandiza kukonza, kuteteza, ndi kusaina. Nthaŵi iliyonse imene muyendetsa galimoto pamsewunda wa state — ndipo muona zofiira zozozozo, zoyera, ndi zishango za bluu — mukugwiritsira ntchito kampani ya boma Law. Mu Bpartarian Infrauslast Law (201) Law (20.1) mukugwira ntchito ntchito kwa boma kwa makampani atsopano, mpikisano, kutumiza, ndi kukonza kwa anthu, ndi kukonza kwamakono.

Malamulo a zachitetezo a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) anakhazikitsa miyezo ya chitetezo cha galimoto, zachuma (miyezo ya FAF), ndi kupima ngozi za ngozi. Malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza kuchepetsa imfa ndi kuvulala m’misewu yathu ndipo achititsa zinthu zina monga ngati zithumba za mpweya, kuyendetsa bwino zinthu zamagetsi, ndi makamera othandizira kuteteza.

Kutetezeka kwa Ndege ndi Kusintha

Ulendo wandege ndi imodzi ya mbali zoyendetsedwa bwino kwambiri m'zachuma cha America, boma likuchita mbali yaikulu kudzera ku Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ndi Transportation Security Administration (TSA). FAA imakhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo ya chitetezo ya mapangidwe a ndege, kukonza, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito; imayendetsa oyendetsa ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege; ndipo imayang'anira dongosolo la dziko la mlengalenga. TSA, inapangidwa pambuyo pa kuukira kwa 9 / 11, imayang'anira pulogalamu ya chitetezo ku mabwalo a ndege, imayang'anira ntchito yoyendetsa ndege, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege.

Boma la boma limaperekanso ndalama kupyolera m'maprojekiti a maziko a ndege a projekiti ya pabwalo la ndege (AIP) — mabwalo a ndege, ma ferme, ndi kutsika kwa phokoso. Programu ya Esential Air Service (EAS) imapangitsa ndege zamalonda kukhala za m'midzi ing'onoing'ono ndi zapansi kwa madera a m'midzi zimene zikanasungidwa.

Kusintha kwa Anthu Onse ndi Wam’galimoto

Aamereka ambiri amagwirizanitsa ulendo wapoyera ndi boma lakumaloko kapena la boma, koma boma la boma limapereka ndalama zazikulu kupyolera mwa Federal Transit Administration (FTA). FTA imagaŵira ku maboma ndi mabungwe olinganiza matauni kaamba ka mabasi, madongosolo a njanji, ndi masiteshoni a thulusi. Gawo la boma la maprojekiti aakulu a thulusi lingafike 80% kapena kuposapo.

Amtrak, National RailLourt Passenger Corporation, ndi bungwe lolembedwa ndi boma loyendetsa ntchito ya kampani ya sitima zonyamula anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti si bungwe la boma, Astrak amalandira mayeso a chaka ndi chaka kuchokera ku Congress kuti apereke zinthu zowonongeka ndi zofunika kwambiri. Mtsogoleri wa Northern East Corridor, , ku Washington, D.C., ku Boston, amanyamula mamiliyoni a anthu chaka chilichonse ndipo ali ndi njira yovuta yoyendetsera sitima. Mtengo wa kampani ya sitima ukupitirizabe kukhala nkhani ya mkangano, ndi ndalama zaposachedwapa zothandizira kumanga Washington, D.C.

Kutetezeka kwa Anthu: Ndalama Zabwino

Bungwe la Social Security Administration (SSA) lokhala ndi bungwe la Social Security (Social Administration) silinalembepo za maprogramu a boma ambiri monga momwe limachitira ndi anthu a ku America monga momwe linkachitira mu 1935.

Mapindu a Kupuma Pantchito

Mapindu a kupuma pantchito ndi amene amapindulitsa anthu ambiri achikulire ku America. Ogwira ntchito amapeza ngongole mwa kulipira misonkho ya Social Security (FICA) pa zaka zawo za ntchito, ndiponso pa msinkhu wokwanira wa kupuma pantchito (pakali pano 67 kwa anthu amene anabadwa mu 1960 kapena pambuyo pake), amakhala oyenerera kulipira mwezi uliwonse. Ndalama za ndalama zimene munthu amapeza mwezi uliwonse zimadalira pa zaka 35 zimene wagwira ntchitoyo.

Programu imagwira ntchito pa maziko a malipiro: misonkho ya antchito amakono ikulipira opindula amakono. Social Security Fund, imene ili ndi ndalama zotsala, ikuyembekezeredwa kukhala yokhoza kulipira mapindu okwanira kufikira pafupifupi 2033, imene pambuyo pake misonkho ikhoza kukwaniritsa pafupifupi 80% ya mapindu olinganizidwa. Mpata wa ndalama wanthaŵi yaitali umenewu ndi umodzi wa malamulo ofunika kwambiri oyang'anizana ndi boma, limodzi ndi zopereka zoperekedwa kuchokera ku ku kuwonjezereka kwa misonkhoma ndi kukweza ndalama kufikira zaka za kukwera ntchito kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wa masinthidwe a moyo.

Inshuwalansi Yowononga Zinthu

Kuti munthu ayenerere ntchito, ayenera kukhala ndi matenda amene amayembekezeredwa kukhala chaka chimodzi kapena kumwalira ndipo ayenera kukhala atagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri mu ulamuliro wa Social Security. SSDI ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira anthu amene akuvutika ndi matenda aakulu, matenda osatha, kapena matenda a maganizo omwe amawalepheretsa kupeza moyo.

Pulogalamuyi imakhala ndi njira zambiri zochitira apilo ndipo imathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu azikangana.

Mapindu a Opulumuka ndi Banja

Kupirira mavuto kungathandizenso banja ngati linataikiridwa ndi wolisamalira.

Mapindu ameneŵa akusonyeza mmene kusungidwa kwa anthu kumagwirira ntchito monga mtundu waukulu wa inshuwalansi ya kakhalidwe, osati programu yopuma pantchito. Kumateteza mabanja ku zotsatirapo za ndalama za kupunduka, imfa, ndi moyo wautali. Kumvetsa malamulo ameneŵa n’kofunika polinganiza za ndalama, ndipo webusaiti ya SSA imapereka chuma chachikulu. Ulendo sa.gov

Kuteteza Malo Okhala: Mpweya Woyera, Madzi, ndi Dziko

Boma la boma limachita mbali yaikulu m’kutetezera malo okhala kupyolera mwa malamulo, malamulo, ndi mabungwe amene amakhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko ndi kukakamiza kugonjera.

Bungwe Loteteza zachilengedwe (EPA) ndi Malamulo Ake

EPA, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1970, ndiyo bungwe lalikulu la boma limene lili ndi thayo la kutetezera thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala. Ilo limakhazikitsa malamulo apadera a malo okhala amene awongolera kwambiri mkhalidwe wa mpweya ndi madzi mu United States.

Litrac Air Act (CAA) imavomereza EPA kukhazikitsa National Ambient Air Sexual Sight Direct (NAAQS) ya zoipitsa zisanu ndi chimodzi zofala: ozone, mbali imodzi, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide dioxide, ndi wotsogolera. Maboma ayenera kupanga mapulani olinganiza kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga miyezo imeneyi. KaA nayenso amalamulira kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku miagwero ya apamsewu (makilori, malole, ndi mabasi), magwero a mphamvu (mafakitale), ndi mpweya waupandu. Chiyambire kupangidwa kwake, CAA yaletsa zikwi mazana ambiri za imfa zamwambo ndi matenda a kupuma chaka chilichonse.

Act ya madzi ya Sucture (CWA) imakhazikitsa miyezo ya madzi abwino ndi zoloŵera za zoipitsa m'madzi okhoza kuvunda. Yakhala chiŵiya choyeretsa mitsinje, nyanja, ndi madzi a kugombe, kupangitsa iwo kukhala otetezereka kaamba ka kusambira, kusodza, ndi kumwa. Chikalatacho chimaikanso madendensi a chitetezo ndi kutetezera mafuta. Kudziŵa zambiri za malamulo apadera ameneŵa, onani malamulo ndi malamulo a EPA.

Kuteteza Malo ndi Mayiko

Boma la boma limayang'anira malo a anthu onse pafupifupi mahekitala 640 miliyoni — pafupifupi 28 peresenti ya malo onse a United States. Makampani onga National Park Service, nkhalango za United States, Bureau of Land Management, ndi United States Fish ndi Wildlife Service amayang'anira malo osungirako nyama zakuthengo, nkhalango, malo obisalirako nyama zakuthengo, ndi malo ena otetezedwa. Malo ameneŵa amapereka mwaŵi wa zosangulutsa, malo a nyama za kuthengo, ndi mapindu achuma kuchokera ku malo ochezera ndi kulanda zinthu zachilengedwe.

Maprogramu a kuteteza malo amathandizanso eni malo. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), yotsogozedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ya United States, imalamula alimi kuchotsa malo okhudzidwa ndi malo okhala ndi zomera ndi mitundu imene imapanga bwino nthaka, madzi abwino, ndi nyama zakuthengo. Land and Water Conservation Fund imapatsa boma ndi boma la kumaloko mphatso kaamba ka mapaki ndi zosangulutsa za panja.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Ndiponso Kukhazikika kwa Nyengo

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, boma la boma lakhala ndi mbali yaikulu posamalira kusintha kwa nyengo. EPA imayang'anira mpweya wotentha pansi pa Deralamor Act (kutsatira lamulo la Khoti Lapamwamba la 2007 mu Massachusetts v. EPA), kukhazikitsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wa galimoto ndi malo a mphamvu. Kusintha kwa nyengo (IRA) kwa 2022 kuimira malonda aakulu a boma m'nyengo ya mlengalenga ndi mphamvu zoyera, kupereka ngongole ndi zisonkhetsero za mphamvu zobwezeretsera mphamvu, mphamvu, ndi kulanda carbon. Mabungwe a boma amapanganso ndalama zofufuzira za nyengo, kukonza za nyengo, ndi kukonzanso njira za madera za madera.

Chisungiko cha Dziko: Kutetezera Mtunduwo ndi Nzika Zawo

Chisungiko cha dziko chiri thayo lalikulu la boma la boma, ndipo chiyambukiro chake pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku chiri ponse paŵiri chachindunji ndi chosalunjika, kuyambira pa utumiki wankhondo kufikira pa chisungiko cha pabwalo la ndege kufikira pa chiyambukiro cha tsoka.

Nkhani za Asilikali ndi Oteteza Nkhondo

Department of Defense (DOD) ndidipatimenti yaikulu ya boma mwa antchito ndi bajeti, ali ndi udindo wa magulu ankhondo — Gulu la Nkhondo, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, ndi Space Force . Pamene kuli kwakuti kachigawo kochepa chabe ka Aamereka kakugwira ntchito yokangalika, ntchito ya asilikali kuletsa adani olimbana, kuyambitsa mphamvu kunja kwa dziko, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika ngozi (monga ngati mphepo zamkuntho ndi miliri) imayambukira bata ndi chisungiko cha dziko.

Kwa awo amene atumikira, Dipatimenti ya Veterans Affairs (VA) imapereka chisamaliro chaumoyo, malipiro a kupunduka, mapindu a maphunziro, ndi chilolezo cha panyumba. Dongosolo la zaumoyo la VA ndi limodzi la malo aakulu koposa m'dzikolo, ndi malo oposa 1,200 miliyoni otumikira olembedwapo. Kuikizira ndalama kwa ozoloŵera kuli thayo la makhalidwe ndi mphamvu yachuma yokulirapo.

Chitetezo cha M’dziko: Chitetezo cha M’malire ndi Uchigaŵenga

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inapangidwa mu 2002 kuti ilimbitse zoyesayesa za boma zoletsa uchigaŵenga, malire otetezedwa, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa masoka. Mabungwe a DHS amaphatikizapo Customs and Borders Protection (CBP), Immigration and Customment Emplicementmentmental Agency (IS), ndi Federal Emetainment Management Agency (FAMA). Tsiku lililonse anthu amakambirana ndi DHS pamene ayenda ulendo wapadziko lonse, amadutsa pabwalo la ndege, kapena akafuna thandizo la ngozi.

Kumvetsa ntchito ya bungwe la DHS kumathandiza nzika kupenda malamulo ameneŵa mozindikira.

Kulabadira Tsoka ndi Kukonzekera

Mphepo yamkuntho ikaphulika ku Gulf Coast, moto wamoto ukuwononga California, kapena kulira kwa mphepo yamkuntho ku Midwest, FEMA ndi bungwe la boma lotsogolera kukonza tsoka. FEMA imathandiza anthu ndi mabanja, ndalama zokhala, nyumba zongokhalira, zokonzera, ndiponso mgwirizano ndi maboma. Bungweli limakonzanso mapulogalamu monga Cear.gov ndipo limachirikiza kuopsa kwa ntchito zimene zimachepetsa tsoka la m’tsogolo.

Chithandizo cha chigawo cha tsoka sichimangochitika mwangozi — chimafunikira chilengezo cha pulezidenti chozikidwa pa ukulu wa chochitikacho. Koma kwa anthu amene akuyenerera, chingakhale chothandizira kuchira. Lamulo la Stafford Act limapereka njira yalamulo kaamba ka chithandizo chimenechi, ndipo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kukambirana za kusintha kuti apereke chithandizo cha mwamsanga ndi kuwonjezereka kwa nyengo yatsoka.

Kumaliza: Boma la Federal Lili Mnzathu Wosasintha

Boma la boma siliri longopeka kapena mphamvu yosatsimikizirika kwa Aamereka ambiri; liri linzake losalekeza, kaŵirikaŵiri losawoneka m'zochitika za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera ku ndalama zimene zimasunga magetsi a sukulu ya kumidzi kufikira ku miyezo ya chisungiko yomwe imatetezera apaulendo pa ulendo wamalonda, kuchokera ku ku kuhlolwa kwa mwezi ndi mwezi kwa Social Security komwe kumachirikiza wopuma pantchito ku malamulo a malo okhala otsimikizira madzi akumwa abwino, kachitidwe ka boma kawo kamapanga mwaŵi, chisungiko, ndi ubwino.

Kumvetsa ntchito zimenezi si kungophunzira chabe, koma kumathandiza nzikazo kuti zizichita zinthu mogwirizana ndi boma lawo. Kuvotako kumathandiza kuti anthu adziwe bwino mfundo zimene zili pa ngozi, kulankhula ndi oimira awo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki amene ali ndi udindowo.