Malamulo a Fair Honging Act ali limodzi la malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe kwambiri ku United States, kukonzanso njira ya dziko yopezera nyumba ndi kutukuka kwa anthu. Anakhazikitsa mu 1968 panthaŵi ya mavuto aakulu a anthu, Chilamulo chinakonzedwa kuti chichotse tsankho m'nyumba ndi kulimbikitsa anthu ogwirizana, chikhalidwe chosakondera. Ntchito yake yopititsa patsogolo malamulo abwino ndi kukondera anthu sikungathetsedwe, popeza chapereka maziko alamulo otsutsa malingaliro a anthu amene asiya kuyang'anirana ndi mapangano awo a zachuma. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza za mbiri yakale, kuyambika kwa malamulo ake, ziyambukiro zake pa malamulo a anthu onse, mavuto ake kupitirizabe kuyang'anizana ndi, ndi malangizo oyenerera mtsogolo kukwaniritsa lonjezo lake.

Mbiri Yakale ya Lamulo la Nyumba Zabwino

Maziko a Fair Honging Act ali m'njira zozikika kwambiri za kugaŵana kwa mafuko ndi zachuma zimene zinalongosola mizinda ya ku America chapakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Asanapereke lamulo, machitidwe opatula ufulu monga kubwezeretsa, mapangano oletsa, ndi kuyendetsa fuko kunali kofala komanso kovomerezeka mwalamulo. Kusintha, kochitidwa ndi Federal House Administration ndi okongoletsa achinsinsi, kukana ngongole ku malo okhala ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, kuphadi mapangano oletsa kusungitsa ndalama. Mapangano achinsinsi, mapangano achinsinsi ogwirizana ndi ntchito za katundu, analetsa kugulitsa kapena kubwereka nyumba kwa anthu a mafuko ena, makamaka Aafirika. Malamulo ameneŵa anachirikizidwa ndi makhoti a m'malo akwawo ogaŵana mitundu.

Gulu la Chigwirizano cha Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Kukakamiza Malamulo a Maboma

Kulimbana kwa nyumba zabwino kunakula ndi gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ndi atsogoleri ena anapanga nyumba zoyenera kukhala lamulo lalikulu, lofika pachimake mu 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement, limene linavumbula kutsutsa kwachiwawa kwa kutsegula nyumba. Kuphedwa kwa Dr. Mu April 1968 adapanga mkhalidwe wandale umene unasonkhezera Nyumba ya Malamulo kupambana Chikalata cha Chilungamo cha Chilungamo cha Chibadwidwe cha 1968. Pulezidenti Lydon B. Johnson anasaina ilo m'lamulo pa April 11, 1968, masiku asanu ndi aŵiri okha pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu, kusonyeza nthaŵi yolimbana ndi ufulu wolingana.

Masinthidwe ndi Kufutukuka

Poyamba, Act inali yokhudza mtundu, mtundu, chipembedzo, ndi mtundu. Kugonana kunawonjezeredwa mu 1974. Mu 1988, Fair House Amendments Act inalimbikitsa kwambiri kusungidwa kwa magulu opunduka ndi malo apamwamba monga kukhazikitsa njira yosungitsira ulamuliro kupyolera ku Dipatimenti ya U.S. ya House and Urban Development (U.H.). Chisinthiko chimenechi chinasonyeza kuzindikira kowonjezereka kuti tsankho la m’nyumba limakhudza magulu ambiri ndipo chimafunikira uyang’aniro waukulu.

Makonzedwe Ofunika a Ntchitoyo

Pakadakhale kotereka, pali njira zingapo zothetsera tsankho komanso zothandiza kuti anthu akhale ndi nyumba zokwana.

Makalasi Otetezeredwa ndi Miyambo Yomwe Inaikidwa

Act imaletsa kusiyanitsa anthu pa nkhani ya kugulitsa, kubwereka nyumba, kapena kulipira ndalama zothandizira anthu a mtundu wawo, mtundu wawo, chipembedzo, kugonana (kuphatikizapo kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi kapena mkazi), kubadwa kwawo, kubadwa kwawo, kubadwa kwawo, kapena kupunduka. Malamulo oletsedwa amaphatikizapo kukana kubwereka kapena kugulitsa, kuika zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kupereka mautumiki kapena malo osiyanasiyana, kukana kuti nyumba zikhalepo, ndiponso kukonza kuti desiki ikhale ndi mfundo zovomerezeka kapena kutsa malonda. Lamulolo limateteza ngongole, limateteza okongola ndalama kuti asabwezere ku ngongole, mawu, kapena zochita zina. Mwachitsanzo, mwini wantchito sangapewere kubwereka nyumba ndi ana, kapena kubbanki angapereke chiwongola phindu chachikulu kwa munthu amene wasankha chifukwa cha fuko lawo.

Kulandira Mpata Wokwanira Wochita Zinthu Moyenerera

Pamene kuli kwakuti Fair Honging Act imayang'anira mwachindunji tsankho m'ngongole ya nyumba, imachirikizidwa ndi Curtive Act [ECOA] , imene imaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, chiyambi cha ukwati, malo aukwati, zaka, kapena kulandidwa thandizo la anthu onse. Malamulo ameneŵa akhala othandiza kwambiri m'machitidwe onyenga amene anawononga anthu ochepa, makamaka mkati mwa mavuto a kuchedwa kwa zaka za 2000. Vuto la zandalama linavumbula mmene kubwereka upandu sikuna kumangovulaza kokha anthu okongola koma osoŵa malo onse, kuphatikiza malamulo a m'dziko lonse, kuwonjezera malamulo a m'kaikizo a zachuma.

Kusintha kwa Anthu ndi Kuwonjezeka Koposa

Act imavomerezanso maprogramu onga ngati Community Development Brock Grant (CDBG) programu, yomwe imapereka ndalama ku boma kaamba ka ntchito za kupititsa patsogolo nyumba ndi chitaganya. Malo ameneŵa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira zimene zimawonjezera nyumba zoyera, kutanthauza kuti olandira akufunika kupenda madeti a madesiki, kupanga zonulirapo, ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwaluso kuti achepetse kusoŵa. Makonzedwe ameneŵa akhala chiŵiro chofunika kwambiri chopititsa patsogolo ntchito yosanja patsogolo m'madera osungidwa, ngakhale kuti ntchito zake zakhala zosiyanasiyana.

Chiyambukiro pa Kuyenera kwa Malamulo

Civic equity . lingaliro lakuti nzika zonse ziri ndi mwaŵi wofanana wa kutengamo mbali ndi kupindula ndi moyo wa anthu ndi . Lango la Fair House Act. Mwa kuchotsa zopinga za nyumba, Chikalatacho chathandiza kugwirizana kwambiri kwa anthu, kuyenda m’zachuma, ndi pangano la ndale zadziko.

Kuchepetsa Ufuko ndi Malire Ake

Chikalatachi chathandiza kuchepetsa kugaŵana kwa anthu kopambanitsa m’madera ena. Kuyambira 1970, chiŵerengero cha anthu ambiri okhala m’madera a m’midzi chatsika, ndipo kugaŵana kwa mabanja a m’matauni omwe si oyera kwawonjezeka. Komabe, kuswana kumakhala kolimba m’madera ambiri, makamaka ku Northern East ndi Midwest. Kufufuza kwa . Urban Institute [[[FLT: 1]] kumasonyeza kuti pamene tsankho lakutha, mitundu yachinyengo, kukhoza kukongola, ndi kulephera kupatsana ngongole, ndi kupitirizabe kupititsa patsogolo fuko ndi kugaŵikana kwa zachuma. Chikalatacho chakhala chothandiza kwambiri pa kusankhana mwadala kusiyana kusiyana kusiyana kwa malo.

Kusokonekera kwa Chuma ndi Kukhala Mwini Nyumba

Nyumba ndizo njira yaikulu yopangira chuma ku United States, ndipo Malamulo a Fair Honging Act akhala ovuta kukulitsa mwaŵi umenewo. Maphunziro amasonyeza kuti ziŵerengero za anthu akuda ndi a ku Spain zawonjezereka kuyambira pamene Act inapita, ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha eninyumba za mabanja a anthu akuda chidakali pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya chigawo cha pansi kuposa azungu. Makonzedwe achikondi a kukongoletsa nyumba za anthu olanda anathandiza kuchepetsa kukongola kowongoletsa koma sanachotseratu kuchepetsa kuvomerezedwa kwa ngongole kapena ziwongola dzanja. Ndiponso, vuto la kusoŵa kwa mabanja a anthu ochepa, kuswa ndalama zimene zapangidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Komabe, malamulo a m'pangano a Act akupereka maziko kaamba ka kusagwirizana kovuta kwa mabwalo amilandu ndi kuyang'anira milandu.

Kugwirizana kwa Ntchito ya Ukwati ndi Kugwirizana

Malo oyandikana kwambiri amalimbikitsa kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mayanjano, zimene zimachititsa kuti anthu azichita nawo mbali yaikulu. Ngati anthu ochokera ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amakhala pafupi ndi anzawo, iwo amathandizirana pa nkhani za anthu, amapanga chidaliro, ndi kuloŵerera m'maulamuliro a kumaloko. Mapangano a Fair Holution Athandiza kugwirizanitsa kumeneku mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri upandu ndi kulimbikitsa mapangano ophatikizapo kupezerana nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo ophatikizapo malamulo, amene amafuna kuti anthu aike pambali mbali ya magulu a magulu a anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri amatchulapo zofuna za Actss kuti nyumba zowo zikhale zopanda pake. Ngakhale kuti kupita patsogolo n’ko, lamuloli lasintha mopanda umboni pa nkhani zokhudza zimene anthu angogwirizana.

Mavuto ndi Zolephera

Ngakhale kuti apeza bwino, bungwe la Fair Hosley Act lakhala likulimbana ndi mavuto amene amalepheretsa kugwira ntchito yotsata lamulo.

Kusiyana kwa Zinthu

Kuperekedwa kwa lamulo la Fair House Act kuli ndi madandaulo ambiri operekedwa ndi Hud kapena milandu yaumwini. Komabe, anthu ambiri osasankhidwa sabwera chifukwa cha kusazindikira, kuopa kubwezera, kapena kuvuta kwa njira yalamulo. Office of Fair Hospital and Compaltion yakhala ndi zinthu zochepa, zomwe zikutsogolera ku nthaŵi yaitali yofufuza ndi kubwezera milandu. Kuwonjezera apo, mtolo wa umboni kaŵirikaŵiri umagwera pa wodandaula, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kutsimikizira tsankhu pamene likhala lachinyengo kapena langozi. Parents Parenty [FLD:]]

Muyezo Wosiyana

Malamulo otsutsa agwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti "kusokoneza ndi kusokonezeka kwa zinthu". Malamulo amene ali ndi chiyambukiro choipa chokulira pa magulu otetezeredwa angaswe lamulolo ngakhale popanda umboni wa tsankho ladala. Khoti Lapamwamba la U.S. linachirikiza muyezo wopatula m'nkhani ya 2015 [[FL:0]] Department of House and Community Affaits v. . Pambali zonse za anthu a m'derali zikhoza kutsutsa kuti otsutsa machitapo kanthu koma amatulutsa zotsatirapo zauve. Komabe, chigamulo chokhazikitsa malire chokhwima, chimalola oimba mlanduwo kulungamitsa malamulo oterowo mwa kusonyeza "chikondwerero cha kuchuluka" ndi kupempha kusiyanitsa kuti aonere mbali zina zopatula. Mkhalidwe wotsutsa umenewu, khoti lotsa lotsutsa ndi lopeka, imakhala yofooketsa. Komabe, malamulo otsutsa otsutsa kubwerera kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo kwa kuyang’kusintha, pamene kuli kubwezera, ngakhale kubwezera, ngakhale kubwezera, kuwonjezera kwa otsutsa kwa otsutsa.

Zochita Zodzikongoletsa ndi Zochotsa

Chimodzi cha zopinga zosalekeza kwambiri za nyumba zabwino ndicho kukhazikitsa malo oyenera. Malo aakulu monga zifunitso za banja limodzi, malamulo a mbali zinayi, ndi ziletso pa nyumba zambiri, ndi mitengo ya mabanja otsika ndi kuchirikiza mtundu ndi kugaŵana kwa zachuma. Malamulo a Fairhozar agwiritsiridwa ntchito kutokosa malamulo ameneŵa, koma kaŵirikaŵiri makhoti atsendereza ulamuliro wa dziko lakwawo. Nkhani ya Yakugwiritsira ntchito malo ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. [Malamulo a Aulendo a Agrenglenglee. ndi makampani ochirikiza kugaŵa aunyinyinyi ndi zachuma. [FLG] Yakhala ndi zigamu zapamwamba zosonyezera kubisa zigamu za diski za kuzungulira, kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zovuta kuti apange ntchito ntchito ntchito malo osoŵa. Pamene ntchito pepala lachigawo lokha lathandiza kwambiri.

Kusintha Maderesi a Anthu ndi Mitundu Yatsopano ya Tsankho

Pamene dzikolo likhala losiyana, mavuto atsopano akubuka. Tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi chinsinsi cha mwamuna ndi mkazi tsopano likusonyezedwa pansi pa Chikalatachi chifukwa cha chigamulo cha 2020 cha Khoti Lalikulu mu Bostock v. Clayton County . Clawton County [1] ndi malangizo otsatirapo a HOD, koma kusungidwa kwa malo ano kumakhalabe kwapamwamba. Kuwonjezera apo, kukwera kwa chigamulo cha malamulo opanga makompyuta ndi kukongoletsa nyumba kwayambitsa njira zatsopano za kusiyanitsa kumene njira zosungitsira mwambo zimalimbana nazo. Ma-almostigalamu angayambitsenso malingaliro a mbiri yakale, omwe ali ovuta kuzindikira popanda chidziŵitso chapamwamba.

Malangizo a M’tsogolo

Kutsimikizira kuti Fair House Act ikukwaniritsa lonjezo lake la kuchirikiza malamulo a zanyumba abwino ndi kulinganiza kwa anthu, kusintha ndi njira zingapo zofunika. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kusungitsa, kukonzanso malo, luso la zopangapanga, ndi kukulitsa kuzindikira kwa anthu.

Kulimbikitsa Mphamvu ndi Kupereka Ndalama

Malo owonjezereka a bungwe la Hid ndi mabungwe a boma osamalira nyumba ngofunika kwambiri. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kupereka ndalama kwa ofufuza ambiri, kuchirikiza kwa lamulo kwa odandaula, ndi maprogramu oyesa otsatsa malonda kumene opangidwawo akupereka monga opangitsa kapena ogula kuti afunule tsankho. Nyumba za malamulo ziyeneranso kuyesa kuchepetsa Chikalatacho kuti chichepetse mtolo wa umboni m'nkhani zina ndi kutsimikizira kuti kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kugaŵa ndi kubwereketsa ndi kubwereketsa. Oyang'anira a Biden a Reverding Beanding Fair Holication (AFH) amalingalira kuti afune malo oonerapo ndi kutenga njira zochepetsera kuchepetsako, koma kuti kulinganizako kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi machitidwe amphamvu ndi ochirikiza osakhala a bungwe la boma.

Kusintha Zochita

Maboma a kumaloko, boma, ndi a boma ayenera kugwira ntchito pamodzi kuchotsa malo. Maboma onga Oregon ndi California akhazikitsa malamulo olola maduplexia ndi magawo atatu m'mabanja amodzi, omwe angawonjezere kuperekedwa kwa nyumba ndi kusiyanasiyana. Boma la boma lingawonjezere masinthidwe oterowo mwa kugwirizanitsa kupangidwa kwa chitaganya kupatsa masinthidwe amene amachirikiza nyumba zokhoza kupezedwa. Mabungwe angapo a malamulo amavomereza kuti Fairnnication Act aitwe kuti afune kuti malamulo a boma apezetsetsetsetse zopikitsira kuthekera kokhala nyumba zokongola. Pamene kuli kovuta, kusintha koteroko nkofunika kwambiri kuti apangedi m'madera ambiri.

Kulemba Zinthu Zowonongeka ndi Luso la Zopangapanga

Ansalyciation Sync ingathandize kudziŵa njira zopatsira ufulu zimene zingasadziŵike. Mwachitsanzo, HUD ingagwiritse ntchito makina kuphunzira kupenda mapulogalamu a khomo kuti apeze zizindikiro za kuyendetsa fuko kapena kusatsatsa bwino. Kupezeka kwa anthu onse pa pulojekiti ya Home Mortgage Displaise Act (HMDA) Ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ofufuza atha kuyang'ana kusiyanitsa. Kukulitsa HDDA kuti kuphatikizapo kubwereketsa nyumba zotsala kukhoza kuvumbula tsankho pamsika wa lobwereka. Ndiponso, kupezeka kwa ziwiya za magetsi za pulogalamu ya magetsi kuyenera kutsimikizira kuti sapanga zotsatira za kuphwanya lamulo. Mabungwe a boma akulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa "nyumba mwa kukonza nyumba mwa kukonza mapulogalamu a kompyuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kufutukula Maphunziro a Anthu Onse ndi Kufalikira

Anthu ambiri sakudziŵa za zoyenera zawo pansi pa Fair Hosson Act. Mabungwe a boma ndi mabungwe a boma ayenera kuikiza m'mikupiti ya kudziŵitsa kwa anthu kwa zinenero zambiri yomayang'anira onse aŵiri obwereka nyumba ndi ogula nyumba, limodzinso ndi eni nyumba ndi obwereketsa. Mabungwe a anthu amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kuyesayesa kumeneku, kupereka uphungu ndi chithandizo cha lamulo. Kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo a kukondera a nyumba kungapatse mphamvu anthu kuti apereke lipoti la kuswa ndi kuletsa opanga milandu yaupandu. Ndiponso, mapulogalamu a maphunziro m'masukulu ndi mayunivesite angayambitse chikhalidwe cha kuphatikizapo zinthu zogwirizana ndi malamulo a Act's.

Kumaliza

Fair Howar Act yakhala maziko a lamulo la ufulu wachibadwidwe ku America kwa zaka zoposa 50, ikuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kupititsa patsogolo malamulo a zanyumba zolungama ndi kulinganiza kwa anthu. Yaletsa mitundu ya tsankho yosatsutsika, kutsegulira mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri, ndi kupereka maziko alamulo otokosa kutsutsa kusalingana. Komabe ntchito yake njosiyana kwambiri. Kupitirizira, kukhoza kwa kukongola, kuchotsa malo, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo kukupimirabe zolinga za Act. Kuzindikira masomphenya ake a dziko kumene aliyense ali ndi mwaŵi wakukhala ndi moyo, wokhoza, ndi wodzisunga, ndi wofunikiranso kulimbitsa lamulo, kusunga malamulo ake, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ake. Chikalata cha Hairles Act sichirikizidwa ndi chikalata cha moyo; chikalata chake choyenera kukwaniritsa chikalata chokwanira cha kukwaniritsa ntchito yake yonse.