Kumvetsa Kuvuta kwa Mfundo Zokopa Anthu

Kufufuza kokakamiza sikuli koyenera. Mosiyana ndi kufufuza koona kwa malingaliro, kumene kumayesayesa kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chosasoweka, kufufuza kokakamiza kuli chiŵiya chandale zadziko chobisika monga kusanthula . Kumayamba ndi “kuipitsa” kolembedwa, koma mwamsanga kumasintha ndi mafunso ochulukitsitsa amene amatchula chidziŵitso chovulaza ponena za wofunsira kapena malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu angafunse, “Ngati mukudziŵa kuti Candidate Smith watchulidwa chifukwa cha msonkho, kungachititse kuvotera iwo kuthekera kapena kusawawonetsera? Luso limeneli limatulutsa mayanjano oipa m'maganizo a anthu oyankha, mosasamala kanthu kuti mabodzawo ali oona kapena otsimikizika. Bungwe la American of Public Opany Opicention (APOR) [FLET]

Kufufuza kokakamiza kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika ndi “masewera a magetsi a kampani” kapena oimba telefoni amene amathamanga kupyola zilembo, kupeŵa mwaŵi uliwonse kwa woyankha kufunsa mafunso kapena kufunsira umboni. Mavolyumuwo kaŵirikaŵiri amalekezedwa ku chigawo chinachake kapena ku chigawo cha anthu, kunyalanyaza kapena kuvotera kosintha. Chifukwa chakuti mafoniwo amakhala achidule ndipo wochirikiza amakhala obisika monga gulu la kufufuza kwaumwini. Chilengedwe chachinyengochi chimasonkhezera kupenda nkhani zandale zimene zimawononga kukhulupirika kwa nkhani ya democracy.

Chifukwa Chake Kusamala N’kovuta Chifukwa cha Demokalase

Chiwonongeko chochititsidwa ndi kukakamiza kusanthula chikukula kuposa mzera umodzi wokha. Pamene osankha aikidwa pa chidziŵitso chosatsutsika kapena chopotozedwa, chidaliro chawo m'zochitika za voti chikutha. Kufufuza 2019 kochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti oposa theka la Aamereka amakhulupirira chidziŵitso chosalondola chakhala ndi “kapena kuti“ kapena kuti chiyambukiro chachikulu pa zotulukapo za ndale zadziko [. Kufufuza kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kuchitika ndi nkhani zonyenga pansi pa sayansi. Popanda kuzindikira kofala, ngakhale nzika zokhala ndi mafunso omwe amamva ngati kufufuza kwa cholinga koma kwenikweni kuti ali ndi chisonkhezero cha malonda kuti asinthe maganizo awo.

Kutsika mtengo ndi kutsika kwa kufunsira kokakamiza kumawapanga iwo chiŵiya chokopa cha ndawala zothetsa nzeru. Mosiyana ndi kusatsa malonda amwambo, kumene kungachenjezedwe ndi kuchitidwa poyera, kukakamiza kusanthula kuchitidwa m’zithunzi, kufikira munthu aliyense wovotera m'macheza a pafoni. Njira yokha yothandiza ndiyo anthu amene angadziŵe ndi kukana njira zimenezi asanazike mizu. Chifukwa chake mautumiki a maphunziro saali chabe chinthu chabwino cha kuchita zinthuzo.

Kumanga Mkupiti wa Maphunziro: Makomiti

Kuphunzira ndi Kuwerenga M’manyuzipepala

Njira yolimba yodzitetezera kwambiri ku kufunsira ndi kuyang'ana koyambirira kwa kutsutsa njira za kufufuza. Sukulu zingaphatikizepo mayuniti a makhalidwe ofufuza, kukayikira, ndi kusiyana pakati pa kupima malingaliro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira angapende malembo kuchokera ku ku kufufuzira kwenikweni (mwakuchotsa tsatanetsatane) ndi kuwayerekezera ndi zolembedwa kuchokera ku kufufuza kovomerezeka kochitidwa ndi ofufuza monga Gallup kapena Pew Research Center. Njira imeneyi imaphunzitsa ophunzira kuzindikira mafunso otsogolera, kukakamiza mabodza, ndi kusoŵa kwa mafunso opimira kupendera.

Kutumiza nkhani zimenezi m'makalasi a boma kapena a ofalitsa nkhani kumatsimikizira kuti nzika iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti isankha, imamvetsetsa njirayo. Mabungwe onga ngati Mlendo wa Media Linic [1] Amapereka zinthu zaulere zimene zingasinthidwe kaamba ka chifuno chimenechi. Pofika nthaŵi imene achinyamata osankhawo amakumana ndi kufufuza kokakamiza pa kampeni, iwo ali kale ndi chiŵiya chamaganizo chopimira kapena kukana chidziŵitsocho.

Malo Ogwirira Ntchito a M’dera Lonse ndi Malo Ochitiramo Zinthu

Pamene kuli kwakuti maphunziro ozikidwa pa sukulu amapindulitsa osankha a mtsogolo, achikulire omwe ali kale m'zosoŵa zofikirika, chidziŵitso cha mwamsanga. Mabungwe a Nonpartis, laibulale, ndi malo a anthu angapeze malo ochitira kafukufuku amene amasonkhezera anthu m'chinenero chosavuta.

  • Kusiyana pakati pa kufufuza malingaliro, kufufuza za m’malonda, ndi kufufuza kokakamiza.
  • Zizindikiro zofala zochenjeza: Woimba telefoni amene amakana kutchula dzina la wochirikiza, mafunso amene amayamba ndi “ngati ukudziŵa...”, ndi zilembo zolembedwa zimene sizifunsa ponena za chiŵerengero cha anthu.
  • Mmene mungayankhire: Amakana mwaulemu kuyankha, kufunsa dzina ndi gulu la woitanayo, ndi kusimba maimelo okayikitsa kwa akuluakulu a chisankho kapena Federal Communications Commission.
  • Kuonera kumene anthu akuyeserera kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zimene achita ngati akuzijambula.

Anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba akakumana ndi mayeso okakamiza ofufuza, njirayi imalephera kuchititsa kuti anthu asokonezeke.

3. Kuphunzitsa Atolankhani ndi Kupereka Malipoti Anzeru

Atolankhani ndiwo oyang'anira zipata za ndawala, koma ambiri saphunzira mfundo zenizeni za makhalidwe ofufuza andale. Manyuzipepala angagwirizane ndi mabungwe a akatswiri monga American Association of Political Consurents (AAPC) kapena malo ofunsira kuti apereke maphunziro achidule kwa atolankhani. Maluso ofunika kwambiri akuphatikizapo:

  • Mmene mungaonere kupenda kokakamiza pamene woimba likhweru apereka chilembo cha kulira.
  • Kutsimikizira: Muzifufuza dzina la munthu amene akukuimbirani foniyo, kufufuza zimene gulu lothandiza likufuna kuchita, ndiponso kuyerekezera zilembozo ndi zimene anthu ena amalemba pofufuza.
  • Lipoti lopereka chidziŵitso: m’malo mofalitsa lingaliro lonyenga la kufunsira kokakamizako (lomwe lingakulitse uthengawo), simbani za chenicheni chakuti mkupiti wokakamiza wa kusanthula ulipo ndipo tchani woloŵa kuloŵa kapena gulu kumbuyo kwake.
  • Kulemba mwachidule chochitikacho: kufotokozera oŵerenga chifukwa chake kufufuza kokakamiza kuli kovulaza ndi zimene angachite ngati alandirako.

Atolankhani ophunzitsidwa bwino angatembenuze chochitika chakufufuza kukhala nthaŵi yophunzitsika mmalo mwa kuipitsa kumene mosadziŵa kumafalitsa nkhani zonama. Webusaiti APAOR imapereka mpambo womveka wa makhalidwe [[[FLT: 1] amene atolankhani angatchule popenda zimene akufufuza.

4. Kusintha kwa Mafoni ndi Mafoni ndi Mafoni Amanja

Komiti ya Internet ndi wailesi ya za mayanjano imapereka makompyuta otsika, njira zopitira kwambiri kaamba ka ndawala za kudziŵitsa. Magulu angapange mavidiyo achidule ofotokozera mavidiyo, ma graphic, ndi ma metansi amene angapereke zizindikiro zochenjeza ndi zizindikiro zosaiwalika. Mwachitsanzo, vidiyo yachiŵiri 30 ya TikTok ingasonyeze woimbayo akufunsa funso pamene kulembera mawu akuonekera: “Kodi kufufuzaku n’kukakamiza? Ngati kuyesa kusintha maganizo anu, inde! . Zinthu zimenezi zingagawiridwe kupyolera mwa mipatu yapamwamba ya akazi, Chigwirizano cha kumaloko cha Voters, ndi magulu a ofunsira ogwirizana.

Makampani otsatsa malonda a zaumoyo wa anthu otchuka oyang'anizidwira ku kutsata mayiko kapena zigawo kumene kufunsiridwa kwa m'mbiri kukuwonekera kungafupitse maphunziro. Chifukwa chakuti kukakamiza kuchititsa kuyang'ana kumalimbana ndi malo enieni a mbiri yakale, makampani a wailesi a wailesi angaperekedwenso ku madera amenewo, kutsimikizira kuti uthengawo ufike panthaŵi yomwe foni yokakamiza kupenda inayamba. Kuphatikiza liwiro ndi kutsatsa foni kumapanga njira yapadera ya njira yodziŵikirapo zinthu.

Kuyesa Kuona Kuopsa kwa Kampeni Zochenjeza Anthu

Kuti aone ngati ndalama zimene amawononga ndiponso khama lawo pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana n’zoyenera, aphunzitsi ayenera kuona ngati akampeni asinthadi khalidwe lawo.

  • Kukumbukira [1]: Pambuyo ndi pambuyo pa mkupiti, ovota amafunsidwa ngati akudziŵa chimene kusanthula kokakamiza kuli. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiritso cholondola (m., “kuitana kumene kuyesa kufalitsa chidziŵitso choipa pansi pa kusanthula ” kumasonyeza chipambano.
  • Kachitidwe kodziŵitsidwa [1]: Kufufuza kuti ndi anthu angati amene amanena kuti angapake kapena kusimba kusanthula kokakamiza. Kufufuza kotsatira kukhoza kupima ziŵerengero zenizeni za malipoti, ngakhale kuti kukondera kwa kudzilengeza kuyenera kulembedwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • . Complant data : mabungwe a chisankho ndi FCC a dandaulo la mafoni okayikira. Kudandaula kochuluka pambuyo pa mkupiti wa maphunziro kungakhale chizindikiro chakuti uthengawo ukukwaniritsidwa, kusonkhezera nzika kuchitapo kanthu.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati anthu ayamba kukumbukira kwambiri mauthenga a pakompyuta koma osapereka lipoti lambiri, mungasinthe njira yotumizira mauthengawo pofuna kutsindika kuti munene kuti ndi ndani ndiponso kuti mukuona kuti ndi kuti.

Mavuto Amene Munthu Ayenera Kukumana Nawo

Mikupiti yamaphunziro siili mankhwala.

Kusamala Mochepa ndi Kulemetsedwa Kochuluka

Makampani amauzidwa chidziŵitso m'nyengo ya chisankho. Uthenga umodzi wonena za kufunsira kokakamiza ungatayike mosavuta m'phokoso. Mkupiti uyenera kubwereza zizindikiro zochenjeza m'njira zambiri ndi m'kupita kwa nthaŵi. Kugwiritsira ntchito nthabwala kapena kujambula kosaiŵalika (m’chitsanzo, “Ngati kuoneka ngati kulira koipa m'kufufuza, ndiko kupenda kokakamiza ) kungawonjezere kutsimikiza.

Kudzipenda

Magulu ena ochititsa kafukufuku ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma ID oimba ndi kuimbira foni aluso kuchokera ku manambala amene akuoneka akomweko. Ena ayamba kuphatikizapo kujambula pamapeto penipeni pa foniyo (akazi atafunsidwa mafunso okopa. Njira imeneyi imakhutiritsa zofunikira zalamulo m'mayiko ena pamene akukwaniritsa cholinga. Ophunzitsa ayenera kukonzanso machenjezo awo monga njira zofufuzira zimene zikusintha.

Kulimbana ndi Kachilombo Kotchedwa Partisan

M'malo otetezeredwa kwambiri, ovota ena angachotse mkupiti wa maphunziro monga mbali ya zolinga za ndale zadziko. Kuti apeŵe zimenezi, mauthenga ayenera kuperekedwa ndi osakhala apartisan, mawu odalirika a kumaloko . Atsogoleri a masankho, kapena maprofesa a yunivesite . Kuchotsa nkhaniyo monga nkhani ya kukhulupirika m’masankho, osati phindu la gulu, kungachepetse chitsutso.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Makampani otetezera masankho kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi ndalama zochepa. Iwo ayenera kusankha kaya kuikiza ndalama zopitira kumbuyo maphunziro ofufuza kapena zinthu zina zofunika zonga kulembetsa wovota kapena kulimbana ndi mapepala a pa Intaneti. Kugwirizana ndi makampani oulutsira nkhani, makampani a telecom, ndi mabungwe othandiza anthu ovutika kungathandize kulipira ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya telefoni ingapereke ndalama zothandizira kukonza zinthu zotsekera zinthu pa malo ofufuza komanso kuphunzitsa anthu mmene angadziŵire makampani ofufuza zinthu.

Kupenda Nkhani: Mkupiti wa Kugwetsa Boma wa 2020

Chitsanzo chodziŵika cha ndawala ya kuphunzitsa inachitika pa chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States mu 2020 ku Michigan, Wisconsin, ndi Pennsylvania. Mgwirizano wa magulu a anthu osakhala apartishani, kuphatikizapo League of Women Voters ndi Campaign Legal Center, anapanga chionetsero chodziŵira mu August 2020. Anapanga vidiyo 90seveni yofotokoza kuti wailesi ya kanema yakumaloko ndi kuulutsa nkhani za anthu. Vidiyo inasonyeza foni yonyoza: “Ili ndi mawu aubwenzi akuti, “Ichi ndi kufufuza kofulumira kwa Smith ngati mukudziŵa kuti amakhometsa msonkho wa anthu olemera?" Ndiyeno lemba linafotokoza zizindikiro za machenjezo.

Mgwirizano wogawiranso ndege ku malo a chitaganya ndi kukhazikitsa foni yotentha ya kulembera mawu kumene osankha anganenere mafoni okayikira. Mkati mwa mlungu umodzi wa kuyendetsa sitimako, foni yotentha inalandira malipoti oposa 4,000. Kufufuza kwa mafoniwo kunatsimikizira kuti ambiri odziŵika anafanana ndi zilembo zofufuzira. Mapanganowo anatha kutchula poyera gulu lofunsiralo kumbuyo kwa foni, limene linayambitsa kufalitsa kowonjezera uthenga wa maphunzirowo. Mafufuzidwe a Post-osea anapeza kuti kuzindikira za kukakamiza kusanthula pakati pa mavotiwo mwachiwnawo kunakwera kuchokera pa 34% kufika pa 62% mu October, ndi peresenti ya Fvotion imene inanena kuti akaima pa ku kupende kopetina kokayikirako kuyambira 19% mpaka 44.

Pamene kuli kwakuti nkosakhoza kuvomereza zotulukapo za mkupiti umodzi, kuyesayesa kwa 2020 kumasonyeza kuti njira ya maphunziro yochitidwa bwino, yoyendera kachetechete ingathe kusintha chidziŵitso cha anthu ndi khalidwe m'nyengo yaifupi. Zochititsa zazikulu zinali kutumiza mauthenga, kukhulupirira kwa kumaloko, ndi yankho losavuta, lokhoza kuchitapo kanthu (kulemba ndandanda yotentha).

Kumaliza: Maseŵera Aatali a Kutulutsa Mafuta

Kufufuza kopotoka sikuchoka. Malinga ngati makampani a mkupiti afunafuna njira zotsika mtengo, zosafikirika zoponyera osankhidwa popanda kusokonezeka, njirayo idzapulumuka ndi kusintha. Mankhwalawo saali kusanthula kapena luso lokha . Kufufuza kwa ma ID olira makampani kungawonedwe ndi malamulo ambiri, koma njira zatsopano zozembera zidzakhala. Njira yosatha ndiyo ya nzika imene imazindikira chida ndi kukana kukhala choifunira.

Makampani a maphunziro ndiwo maziko a njira imeneyi. Mwa kujambula ndi kulemba nkhani m'masukulu, kuphunzitsa atolankhani, kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi opangira makompyuta, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi pochenjeza, timapanga ubongo wothandiza anthu kuti afufuze zinthu zolakwika komanso zosasangalatsa. Wovota aliyense amene amaika pepalalo, mtolankhani aliyense amene amavumbula zolembazo, mphunzitsi aliyense amene amapenda kusiyana pakati pa kufufuza kwenikweni ndi kufufuza kokakamiza, amathandizira kuti apeze demokrase yolimba kwambiri. Nthaŵi ino, chuma, kukwera pulogalamu, ndi ndalama zocheperapo poyerekeza ndi ndalama zimene zimatayikiridwa posadalira pa ntchito ya voti. Kwa ochirikiza umphumphu, ntchito za kuyang'anira ntchitoyi imamveka bwino: kuphunzitsa, kuphunzitsa, kuphunzitsa, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri, ndipo saganiza kuti kufufuzanso kotsatira sikunga kuteteze anthu amene akufunikira kwambiri.