Kuyenda m’mizinda ndi chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu kwambiri amene mizinda ya UK ikukumana nawo masiku ano. Kuwononga mpweya kumawonongetsa chuma cha mabiliyoni chaka chilichonse, kuipitsa mpweya kumathandizira anthu zikwi makumi ambiri amene amafa asanakwane, ndipo moyo wongokhala ukuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri akhale onenepa kwambiri. Pamtima pa njirayi pali kuyenda kolimba kwambiri, kuyenda ndi kuyenda – kumene kumapatsa ndalama zitatu: thanzi labwino, mpweya woyera, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito bwino kwambiri malo a tauni. Oyang'anira mzinda, makamaka amene ali ndi maulamuliro ndi a mameyaloriala ogwirizana, ayamba kukhala akatswiri omanga nyumba za madera osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pa ndalama zoyendera zinthu, kulinganiza zinthu, ndi malamulo a kumaloko, mabwanawa ali ndi malo apadera opanga mapulani ndi kupulumutsa anthu apansi kwa magalimoto. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mmene a meya a m’mizinda, ndi oyendetsa magalimoto akugwira ntchito, ndi kugonjetsa ziletso, ndi kugonjetsa.

Kufunika Kowonjezereka kwa Nkhokwe Zosatha za M’matauni

Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa pa njinga ndi kuyenda sikunakhaleko kolimba kwambiri. Zoyendera ndizo gwero lalikulu la mpweya wotenthetsa dziko ku UK, ndi zoyendera za msewu zopitirira kota la magalimoto onse. Simultaiod, kulephera kugwira ntchito kumawononga ndalama zoyerekezeredwa pa $1 biliyoni pachaka. Kusuntha kwa zoyendera za Thurt ndi zoyendera za njinga kumasonyeza kuti pamene theka la maulendo onse a galimoto ku England ali pansi pa makilomita atatu, ndi chigawo chimodzi chokha cha zimenezi chimamalizidwa ndi njinga kapena mapazi. Kusintha ngakhale chigawo cha maulendo afupi ameneŵa oyenda ku kampani yoyenda ndi makompyuta kuntchito kungabweretse mapindu ochuluka.

Mpweya wa m’mizinda ndi winanso. Royal College of Physicians imayerekezera pafupifupi imfa 40,000 pachaka mu UK ndi kuipitsa mpweya kunja, zambiri kuchokera ku magalimoto. Maya m'mizinda monga London, Birmingham, ndi Manchester alengeza kuti nyengo ikhoza kuwonongeka ndipo akukakamizidwa kutumiza malo oyera a mpweya ndi malo oyandikana ndi anthu oyandikana ndi anthu otetezeka. Makwalala a Pedetrian Benraef ndi misewu yotetezeka imatsimikiziridwa kuti achepetse kuyendetsa galimoto, njira yolimbikitsa pamene akuyendetsa magalimoto akuyendetsa misewu akuteteza anthu ovutika.

Ndiponso, mliri wa Chovid . Ulendo wapop-pop persep ndi masitepe owonjezereka anayambitsidwa mofulumira. Oyang’anira malo ambiri a UK anasintha zinthu zimenezi kuti asinthe, kukonzanso kuti kuyenda m’mizinda kukhale kolimba, koyenera, koyenera, ndi koyenera. Pamene mizinda ikupikisana ndi luso ndi kuyendetsa ndalama, malo oyenda, akhala opindulitsa kwambiri.

Ntchito Yabwino ya Oyendetsa Magazi a UK

Kusintha kwa makampani a zoyendera ku mameya a metro ndi masewera. Greater London Authority, West Midlands Conedred Authority , Great Manchester Counciled Authority , ndi ena tsopano amayang'anira ndalama za zoyendera zaka zambiri ndipo ali ndi udindo wolinganiza mapulani a zoyendera za m'deralo. Zimenezi zimapereka mphamvu zoika patsogolo zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kupereka ndalama, ndi kuyendera limodzi ku madera osiyanasiyana , ndipo zinthu zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zinali kusoŵa pansi pa boma lakwawo logawanika.

Mayesi angachirikize kuyenda kokangalika kwa mawilo angapo: kuikizira zinthu zapadera, mphamvu zauyang'anira (monga ngati kugwiritsira ntchito 20mph mlingo wa liŵiro kapena kuchuluka kwa makampani), ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yofeŵa kukhazikitsa kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi ndale zadziko. Iwo angayang'aniranso matupi onga Thurt for London, Transport for Greater Manchester, ndi Truction for West Midlands, imene imapanga ndi kutumiza ntchito zazikulu. Active Tracty Fund Fund [1] – yagawiridwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Transports , ngakhale kuti mipikisano yopereka ndalama idakali yamphamvu.

Kusunga Ndalama: Kumangira Anthu

Makina oyendera njinga amateteza anthu amene amayendetsa galimoto ndi oyenda pansi kuti asamavulale kwambiri komanso kuti anthu amene sachita mantha azikwera pa njinga zawo. Oyendetsa sitima ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zongosinthasintha: Magetsi a ku London a SuperHighhway ndi Thureway, Manchester’s Bee Network ya makilomita 1,800 omwe anagwirizana ndi njira zoyendera ndi njinga, ndiponso kukonzanso kwa Birmingham kukonza njira zonse zoyendera.

Kusintha kwa malo a mzinda ndi mbali ina yowopsa. Kutseka makwalala apakati a mzinda ku magalimoto mobwerezabwereza pamapeto a mlungu kapena kwanthaŵi yaitali – kumapanga malo a anthu amene amawonjezera kutsika kwa masitolo ndi kuwongolera mpweya. Kusintha kwa malo apakati pa mzinda wa Manchester, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa Exchange Square, kwatamandidwa kwambiri. Mofananamo, oyang'anira malo akumeneko achirikiza ‘ misewu ya sukulu ya panja - poti yapasadakhale sukulu – kuwongolera chisungiko ndi kuchepetsa magalimoto pa kutsika [1] Kuposa nthaŵi 500 za sukulu zimene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano kuzungulira England, ambiri oyendetsedwa ndi nduna za doya.

Kuwoloka, kufutukuka kwa msewu, ndi kuwala kwa oyenda pansi n’kosangalatsa kwambiri komanso n’kofunika mofanana. Oyendetsa galimoto akuikanso ndalama zoyendetsera galimoto panjinga, masiteshoni a njinga, ndi njira yopeza chizindikiro kuti apange nyumba zoyendera. Mfungulo yake ndiyo kutsimikizira kuti si kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zodulidwa koma njira yomveka bwino imene imapangitsa munthu kuyenda ndi kuyendetsa ulendo wachidule.

Kukonzanso Kachitidwe ndi Kupereka Ndalama

Pambuyo pa kumanga, mameya agwiritsira ntchito njira za kusintha khalidwe. Malo a chigawo cha anansi a ku London -LTN – kumene misewu ya anthu imasefa kupyola ↑traffic – adafutukulidwa ku London, Birmingham, ndi Manchester. Pamene kuli kwakuti LTNs nthaŵi zina amayambitsa mkangano, umboni wochokera ku Isiterial College London [ amasonyeza kuti amachepetsa magalimoto m’madera osawomba kwambiri pa misewu ya malire. Maypersinja ayambitsanso malire 20 a liwiro la galimoto, golidi loletsa kuyendetsa galimoto kudutsa m'khwalala (kuchokera ku maluwa opangitsa), ndi kuika malo ochepetsera oyendera galimoto.

Bike ­sharing ndi chiŵiya china cha kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Santander Ends , West Midwands’s West Midwalth Thrange Hire, ndi City Bike ya Liverpool imapatsa anthu ndi alendo njira yosinthika, yapamwamba ya maulendo achidule. Maytor adalemba njira zimenezi, kaŵirikaŵiri kuziphatikiza ndi matikiti a zoyendera za anthu, monga chitsanzo, Kuulutsa ndalama zokhala ndi manyukito, basi, ndi ntchito ya panjinga. Zinthu za ndalama: Kampani ya ntchito, pamene dziko, limakwezezedwa; mamaya ena akupereka chivomerezo kaamba ka kugula katundu wa anthu kapena maphunziro a za kampani.

Kupereka ndalama kudakali nkhani yaikulu. Bungwe la Ofesi Yoyendera Makampani linagawira pafupifupi £2 pamutu pa madera ena, pansi pa £102920 pamutu wovomerezedwa ndi makampani a njinga. Mayanti ayenera kupikisana ndi likulu la boma, kuwonjezera ndi zopereka za kumaloko, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zikupezeka. Kudzipereka kwaposachedwapa kwa Dipatimenti yoona za Thurt kuti ipereke materterter atali, ma maofesi a zaka makumi atatu a ntchito ndi kutsogolo, koma oyang'anira akupitiriza kutsutsana ndi ndalama zotsala, zoyendera.

Kufufuza Matenda

Zitsanzo zapadera zimasonyeza zimene utsogoleri wa meya angapeze. pansipa pali kufufuza kokhudza anthu a m’mizinda 93, kumasonyeza njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira zinthu ndi nkhani yake.

London: Makwalala Othamanga Kwambiri ndi Ultra Low Eugrage

Mayor wa London, kupyolera m'chigawo cha Thurt ku London, wawononga $2 biliyoni popalasa njinga ndi kuyenda kuyambira 2016. Chigwirizano cha Chommer Supehway chamakono chikupanga makilomita oposa 2022 okha (monga mwa misewu ya TfL). Ultra Low Eustagne Soneal (ULZ), yofutukulidwa ndi meya wamakono kubisa London yonse, yachepetsa kutuluka ndi 50% ya chigawo cha mkati ndi kulimbikitsa njira yoyeretsa. Pedrest imaphatikizapo kukonzanso TfL (monga ya TfL). Ultra Low Eugractive Conetic Coney (Ul), yomangidwa ndi Mericessssssssssssss, yolandiridwa ndi nduna zamakono kuzungulira London, ndipo adaloŵanso meyalansi wa madera onse, amene tsopano akuyendera njira yaungwe la .

Manchester: Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu ndi Chigwirizano ndi Chitetezo cha Bee Network

Meya wamkulu wa Manchester, Andy Burnham, wapanga ulendo wokangalika woyendera mtambo wapakati wa njira yake ya zoyendera. Bee Network imafuna kupanga dongosolo logwirizana la mabasi, matram, kukwera njinga, ndi kuyenda – mabasi oyamba kuzungulira London kuyambira pamene achita kugwiritsa ntchito. Oyendetsa galimoto amaphatikizapo kutsekeka kwachikhalire kwa malo a Deans ku msewu, kulenga malo atsopano a anthu onse kuzungulira Cathenal, ndi kuyendetsa malonda m'misewu yolumikizana ndi nyumba zapafupi ku mzinda. Bee Netwole imakonzekera ulendo wa 2028, kumanga malo okhala ndi njira zapachipata. Mzindawo unayendetsanso liŵiro la 20% kudutsa madera apafupi (kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makwawa 80%) ndi kuyendetsa ulendo wa m’magalimoto. Chivomerezi champhamvu cha m’makwawa 20%.

Birmingham: Kusintha kwa nyengo ya mpweya ndi nyengo

Meya wa Birmingham Andry Street wasumika pa Ceake Moneral (CAZ), zimene zimafuna kuti galimoto zoipitsa kwambiri ziloŵe m'dera la mzinda. M’chaka choyamba, chiŵerengero cha galimoto zogwirizana chinakwera kuchokera pa 60% mpaka 90%. Kumbali kwa CAZ, programu ya Kusintha kwa Dziko la Presting imachita $45 miliyoni kumanga makampani 100 , kuphatikizapo makampani oyambirira a Dutchâque otetezedwa pa mpikisano waukulu. Meya wasonkhezeranso kuwonjezereka kwa West Midwalands Hire, ndi manjingalansi 5000 kudutsa chigawo, ndi kuyambitsa programu ya “Schols Street" imene tsopano ikukuta masukulu 60. Mpweya wokongola wao wamakono waona ma MPUPT - 13% m'miyezi ikulu ya . Zombo zamakono zikupitirizabe kulumikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zaulendo waulendo waulendo waulendo waulendo, koma zikufunikirabe kuyendera mzinda waulendo woyera, ndi woyendera anthu oyendawonjezera ndi oyendawo.

Kulaka Mavuto Osatha

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino chonchi, oyang'anira malo amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu. Ndalama zoyendetsera ndi zosatha: UK imawononga pafupifupi £6 pa munthu pachaka pa malo oyendetsera njinga, poyerekezera ndi magetsi a ku Netherlands, mameya ayenera kupikisana ndi ndalama zoperekera ndalama za zoyendera, ndi mabasi kaŵirikaŵiri amawononga mbali ya mkango. Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zamphamvu zimalengezedwa m'makampani a maofesi ozungulira ndege, kupangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kulinganiza maprogramungwe a zaka zambiri za pa 766. May akuitanira kaamba ka ndalama zoyendetsera zoyendetsera zoperekedwa, zoyendera zowonjezereka zimene zimawonjezereka mosalekeka zaka khumi.

Kukana kwa anthu, makamaka ku malo ozungulira otsika ndi kumangidwa kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka njinga, kungafooketse ntchito. Anthu ena amaona kuti LTNs ndi yosayenerera kapena kuti ndi yosayenerera. Mays ayenera kuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira anthu kuti agwirizane, ndi kulankhulana bwino za mapindu ake , mwachitsanzo, kuti LTN imachepetsa ma ratgrain, kuwongolera chitetezo cha anthu apansi, ndi kuwonjezera malonda mwa kukwera mapazi. Mabungwe a galimoto ndi zomangira zapakapo kanthaŵi zimalola anthu kuti aone kusinthako kusanakhale kwachikhalire. Mameya a London ndi Manchestery onse aŵiri anagwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi kuletsa chitsutso.

Kuletsa kukwera ndi kutsekeka ndi vuto lina. Matauni ambiri a UK ali ndi misewu yopapatiza komanso yakale yomwe imapangitsa kuti njira zoyendera zoyendera zikhale zovuta. Mayesi ayenera kukhala otha ntchito: kugwiritsira ntchito misewu yapamtunda, kutseka njira zoyendera za galimoto, kapena malo oimikapo. Mapaketi ndi njira zapankhalango zimapereka mapaleji ofewa ofewa koma kaŵirikaŵiri alibe kuyang'ana. Kuyenda mozungulira ndi zoyendera za onse – mwachitsanzo, mwa kupereka chisungiko cha mabasi ku masiteshoni a sitima ndi mabasi oima magetsi oyenderapo. Maya wa “Cyle Parcingss pa masiteshoni a London , amene amawonjezerapo magalimoto zikwizikwi ambiri, ndi chitsanzo chakuti oyenda ena akuzungulira.

Mtsogolo mwa Chipwirikiti cha M’matauni

Mameya afunikira kupitiriza kuyang'ana kutsogolo. Choyamba, iwo ayenera kuyenda mokangalika m'makonzedwe a tauni, kugwirizanitsa zoyendera ndi nyumba, thanzi, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma. Malingaliro a mzinda 15 minminite − kumene nzika za mzinda zingafikire zosoŵa zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa ulendo waufupi kapena kayendedwe kuchokera kunyumba – zikukula, ndipo oyang'anira angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zolinganiza zinthu kuyambitsa kuphatikiza projekiti, malo okhala ndi anthu oyenda. “Naighbourbaial . Machenjera a Manchester a“ Naighbourbeourge " ndi “Malamulo abwino a Kukula kwa [1] a London ali zitsanzo zoyambirira.

Chachiwiri, luso la zopangapanga lidzakhala ndi mbali yaikulu. Zoyendera zamagetsi (eûkes) zimachepetsa chopinga cha maulendo aatali ndi njira zamapiri; mameya angapereke njira zogulira zinthu ndi kutsimikizira kuti njira zoyendetsera zinthu zilipo. Kuphatikizana mayeso a ephrascooter, amene tsopano akuchitika m’mizinda yambiri ya UK, amapereka njira yoyendera, ngakhale kuti malamulo adakali ogwirizana. Mayers afunikira kugwira ntchito ndi oyendetsa zinthu kuti atetezeke ndi kuyenderana ndi zoyendera za anthu onse.

Chachitatu, kukwera njinga kuyenera kukhala njira yoikidwiratu. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera njinga kwamakono kumasokonezedwa ndi achinyamata, okhoza kubadwa. Mayester ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene zimagwira ntchito kwa misinkhu yonse ndi maluso: njira zowoloka, njira zotsika, njira zosavuta kudutsa, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu. Programme monga “Kupinga njinga kwa Aliyense” ku London ndi Manchester kwathandiza akulu kuwonjezera kugawana nawo. Pedetrian[1] Mabuko oyamba kukonza misewu, kuphatikizapo magetsi, kukweza, kutsegulira, ndi malo ogona, zimapindulitsa anthu achikulire, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi aja amene ali ndi zopinga zoyenda.

Pomalizira, oyendetsa njanji adzapitirizabe kugwiritsira ntchito kuwona kwawo kumanga mgwirizano wa ndale zadziko kaamba ka kusintha. Ochirikizidwa ndi kutsika kwa utsi kuchokera ku kutsika kwa malonda ku kuwonjezereka kwa malonda m’makwalala oyenda pansi – angakhutiritse nzika ndi mabizinesi kuti ulendo wokangalika suli chopinga koma chokulitsa. Oyang’anira malo amene adzapambana adzakhala awo amene amagwirizanitsa maziko olimba ndi pangano la kulimba mtima, ndi amene amasamalira njinga ndi kuyenda osati monga malo apamwamba koma monga maziko a dongosolo lamakono la zoyendera.

Kumaliza

Kuyenda m’mizinda ya UK kuli pa malo amodzi. Zaka makumi ambiri za kulinganiza galimoto zasiya mizinda yodzaza, yoipitsidwa, ndi yosalingana. Mameya a London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, ndi madera ena a mametro akusonyeza kuti njira ina ndi yotheka — imene misewu ili yotetezeka kwa ana kupita kusukulu, kumene njinga ndi yothandiza kwambiri poyenda, ndipo kumene mpweya suwononganso thanzi la anthu. Mwa kuigwiritsira ntchito pa ntchito, kusintha malamulo, ndi kumanga nyumba, mabwana a UK amayenderanso pang’onopang’ono ku tauni.

Ntchito yawo si yopepuka: Ndalama zimakhala zokhwima, chitsutso chingakhale choopsa, ndipo kusintha kofunikira n’kochuluka. Komabe umboni wa kafukufukuwo ngwoonekeratu: kumene amoyake amatsogolera, kukwera njinga ndi kuyenda. Mapindu a kuchepetsa kutulutsa carbon, thanzi labwino, chuma chakumaloko ndi chooneka bwino kwambiri. UK idakali ndi njira yaitali yoyendera kuti igwirizane ndi mizinda yabwino kwambiri ya ku Ulaya, koma ndi utsogoleri wopitiriza, zaka khumi zotsatira zikhoza kuona kusintha kwa British tauni kukhala chinthu chinachake chenicheni cha dziko lapansi.