Table of Contents

National Rifle Association (NRA) imaimira limodzi la magulu osonkhezera kwambiri ndi otsutsana m'mbiri ya ndale zadziko ya America. Inayamba mu 1871 kupititsa patsogolo kulembedwa kwa mfuti, NRA yamakono yakhala gulu lotchuka la ufulu wa mfuti yosonkhezera pamene ikupitirizabe kuphunzitsa kutetezereka kwa mfuti ndi kupikisana. Kumvetsetsa chisinthiko cha NRA, maluso, ndi ziyambukiro pa malamulo a mfuti nkofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kumvetsetsa malamulo ocholoŵana a mfuti mu United States.

Chiyambi ndi Mbiri Yoyambirira ya NRA

Akumagwiritsidwa mwala ndi kusoŵa kwa maluso osonyezedwa ndi asilikali awo, Odziŵa za Union Col , William C ndi Gen. George Wingate anapanga National Rifle Association mu 1871. Cholinga chachikulu cha kugwirizanako chikakhala "kujambula ndi kulimbikitsa kuwombera mfuti pamaziko a sayansi," mogwirizana ndi nkhani ya magazini yolembedwa ndi Tchalitchi. Gululo linatuluka m'zokumana nazo za Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni, pamene atsogoleri ankhondo anazindikira kuti asilikali ambiri a ku Northern analibe usonezo wamphamvu ndi mfuti.

Atapatsidwa chikalata ndi boma la New York pa November 17, 1871, NRA inakhazikitsidwa, ndipo Nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni Gen. Ambrose Burside, yemwe analinso bwanamkubwa wakale wa Rhode Island ndi woyang'anira United States, anakhala pulezidenti woyamba wa NRA. Gululo linadzikhazikitsa lokha monga bungwe lolemekezeka lopatulira kuwongolera maluso a Unduna wa Amereka.

Kukhazikitsa Ziyambi za Maphunziro ndi Mpikisano

Mu 1872, ndi thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku New York State, malo pa Long Island, Farm Farm, adagulidwa kaamba ka chifuno cha kumanga mzera wa mfuti, ndipo dzina la Keodore, mumzera unatseguka chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, ndipo kunali kumeneko kuti mamembala oyamba a chaka chimodzi adachitidwa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha mwambo wa NRA wa kuchirikiza kupikisana kwa maseŵera olira mfuti ku America.

Zoyesayesa zoyambirira za gululo zinayamba mwamsanga. Pa February 7, 1872, NRA inakhazikitsa komiti yopempha lamulo kuti ipereke chikondwerero cha gulu, ndipo kuyesayesa kwake koyamba kusonkhezera kunali kupempha bungwe la boma la New York kuti ligule $250,000 kuti likhazikitse malo, ndipo pasanathe miyezi itatu, lamulolo linali litaperekedwa ndipo linasainidwa m'lamulo ndi Bwanamkubwa John T. Hoffman.

Utsogoleri Wofunika Kwambiri M’zaka Zoyambirira

NRA inakopa atsogoleri otchuka a ku America mkati mwa zaka makumi ake otchuka. Pulezidenti wakale Ulysses S. Grant anatumikira monga pulezidenti wachisanu ndi chitatu wa NRA ndi General Philip H. Sheridan monga wachisanu ndi chinayi. Utsogoleri wotchuka umenewu unathandiza kukhazikitsa kukhulupirika ndi chisonkhezero cha gululo ndi chisonkhezero m'chitaganya cha America.

Bungwe la United States linakhazikitsa National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice mu 1901 kuti liphatikizepo oimira a NRA, National Guard, ndi United States. Boma limeneli linasonyeza kufunika kowonjezereka kwa NRA m'kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera mfuti.

Kusintha Kukhala Nyumba Yamphamvu ya Zandale

Kwa mbali yaikulu ya mbiri yake yoyambirira, NRA inasumika kwakukulukulu pa maphunziro a kusungika kwa anthu, kusaka, ndi mfuti. Komabe, mkhalidwe wa gulu unayamba kusintha mowonekera pakati pa zaka za zana la 20 pamene mkangano wa kuletsa mfuti unakula m'ndale za ku America.

Kuyamba Kumenyana ndi Malamulo Oletsa Mfuti

In 1934, the National Rifle Association created a Legislative Affairs Division and testified in front of Congress in support of the first substantial federal gun control legislation in the US, the National Firearms Act. This early stance contrasts sharply with the organization's later opposition to virtually all forms of gun regulation, illustrating how dramatically the NRA's political philosophy evolved over the decades.

Pamene NRA inapangidwa mu 1871, sinachite ntchito yolinganiza zoyenera za mfuti mpaka 1934. Nthaŵi imeneyi ya zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi zitatu inasumika pafupifupi pa maphunziro a umisiri wa maoda ndi kuwomberana maseŵera mmalo mwa kuchirikiza ndale zadziko.

Mafomu Osonyeza Kusintha kwa Zinthu: Chitsogozo Chatsopano

Ma 1970 anazindikiritsa chiyambi cha kugogomezeredwa kwakukulu kwa ndale zadziko kaamba ka NRA, ndipo mu 1975, NRA inapanga Institute for Legislative Action (ILA), imene inatsutsa lamulo limene inawonedwa kukhala losakondweretsa ku Lamulo Lachiŵiri. Zimenezi zinazindikiritsa kusintha kwakukulu m'ntchito ndi ntchito za gulu.

NRA Institute for Legislative Action (NRA-ILA) ndi gulu lake losonkhezera, limene limayang'anira komiti yake ya ndale zadziko (PAC), Political Victory Fund (PVF). Mabungwe ameneŵa anapatsa NRA mphamvu ya gulu kukhala gulu lalikulu m'ndale zosankhidwa ndi boma za ku Amereka ndi nkhondo za malamulo.

Chisonkhezero cha NRA cha Zandale ndi Mphamvu Zofuna Kulanda

NRA imatchedwa kuti ndi imodzi ya mabungwe amphamvu kwambiri a ku America amene amakopa anthu. Kufufuza kwa magazini ya Fortune mu 1999 kunanena kuti opanga malamulo ndi antchito awo anaona NRA kukhala gulu lokopa lamphamvu koposa zaka zitatu pamzera. Chiyambukiro chimenechi chikufalikira m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za ntchito zandale.

Ndalama Zopereka ndi Ndalama Zowonongedwa pa Kampeni

NRA imaphatikizapo magulu angapo a zandale. Ngati muwonjezera ndalama zonse zothandizira obatizidwa ndi za chipani, zowonongedwa paokha, ndi kukopa anthu -- NRA yawononga $203.2 miliyoni pa ntchito zandale kuyambira 1998. Komabe, zopereka zapadera kwa oyembekezera kulowa zimaimira kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka chisonkhezero chonsechi.

Popatsidwa mphamvu ndi chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu ku Citizens United, NRA inasimba kuti inawononga ndalama zosachepera $54 miliyoni pazowonongedwa pa kampani ya chisankho ya boma ya 2016. Ndalama zimenezi, zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimatenga mtundu wa kutsatsa malonda ochirikiza kapena otsutsa, zikuimira ndalama zambiri zosankhidwa za NRA.

Mu 2016, NRA inawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa gulu lina lililonse lapadera, $30 miliyoni, kusankha Donald Trump, ndi NRA ina madola 20 miliyoni kuchirikiza asanu ndi mmodzi a dziko la Republican ofuna Nyumba ya Malamulo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti gulu lingathe kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chambiri posankha.

Kuwononga Nthaŵi Kumathera Patsogolo

NRA yasintha ndalama zimene anthu agwiritsa ntchito pokopa anthu m'zaka zambiri. Mu 2013, bungwe la NRA linawononga ndalama zokwana madola 3,4100,000, pamene linawononga ndalama zokwana madola 3,3600,000 mu 2014. Koma posachedwapa, ndalama zimene gululi lawononga zatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma ndi a zamalamulo.

Mu 2024, bungwe la National Rifle Association (NRA) linali ndi ndalama zokwana 1.48 miliyoni za United States zolipirira ndalama zolipirira alendo, zimene zikutsika chaka chathachi, pamene bungwe la NRA linawononga ndalama pafupifupi 2.31 miliyoni kulipira ndalama zolipirira. Pambuyo pa zaka za kulephera kwa malamulo, nkhondo ya m’dziko ndi ndalama zotsika, bungwe la National Rifle Association linanena kuti linawononga $5400,000 [$40,000] pogula ndalama m’chaka choyamba cha 2024.

Kulimbikitsa ndi Kupereka Zopereka kwa Nyumba za Malamulo

Mu 2012, 88% ya Republicans ndi 11% ya Democrates ku Congress adalandira chithandizo cha NRA PAC panthaŵi ina pantchito yawo, ndi a m'Bungwe la Malamulo limene linasonkhana mu 2013, 51% analandira ndalama kuchokera ku NRA PAC pa ntchito zawo zandale, ndipo 47% analandira ndalama za NRA pa fuko lawo laposachedwapa. Ziŵerengero zimenezi zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa NRA imene imakhudza kwambiri ndale, ngakhale kuti chichilikizo chake chakhala chokulira kwambiri pakati pa opanga malamulo a Republican.

Pa mlingo wa boma, NRA yapereka chifupifupi $17 miliyoni kwa oyembekezera ndi makomiti a boma chiyambire 1990. Ntchito ya chigawo cha boma imeneyi imakwaniritsa zoyesayesa za boma ndi kuthandiza kulongosola chisonkhezero chake pa malamulo a mfuti ku milingo yosiyanasiyana ya boma.

Njira Zothandiza

NRA imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopitirizira zolinga zake ndi kuteteza ufulu wake woyenerera kuperekedwa kwa ufulu wachiŵiri wa kuwonjezera malamulo.

Kugwidwa ndi Madzulo

Chisonkhezero cha NRA ndi chipambano cha ndale zadziko si kungowononga kwake ndalama – chachititsa ntchito yolinganiza ndi nyumba ya udzu, ndipo mu 2015 chinalipira ndalama zoposa $20 miliyoni kwa wogulitsa mmodzi amene amasumika pa kumanga ziŵalo za NRA. Nyumba zaudzu zimenezi zimatheketsa gulu kusonkhanitsa ochirikiza mwamsanga pamene nkhondo za malamulo ziyamba.

Gululo limadzinenera kukhala laumembala wochuluka. Limodzi ndi ziŵalo zathu zoposa mamiliyoni asanu, tiri onyada otetezera a mbiri yakale ndi otetezera akhama a Second Amendment. Pamene kuli kwakuti ziŵerengero za ziŵalo zakhala zikutsutsidwa ndipo zasinthasintha mkupita kwa nthaŵi, kukhoza kwa NRA kusonkhezera mamembala ake kumakhala magwero aakulu a ulamuliro wa ndale zadziko.

Njira Zopangira Masitayelo

NRA yasunga njira yosagwirizana ndi andale chifukwa cha maganizo awo okhudza ufulu wa mfuti. Dongosolo limeneli lokopa makalata, limene limapatsa magiredi a ndale zandale potengera malo awo pankhani za mfuti, limagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kusonkhezera masankho onse aŵiri ndi makhalidwe a boma. Andale omwe akufuna kuti anthu a ku NRA avomereze malo awo amasintha kuti apeze mayeso awo.

Mavuto a M’malamulo Ndiponso Kukhumudwa

M’mbiri yake, gululi lakhala likulamulira malamulo, kumanga nawo milandu kapena kuyambitsa milandu, kuvomereza kapena kutsutsa anthu osiyanasiyana opita kuboma, boma, ndi boma.

Zochita Zokopa

  • Kusonkhezera mwachindunji opanga malamulo a boma ndi a boma pa malamulo a mfuti
  • Kuuza anthu kuti alankhule ndi oimira anzawo kuti achite nawo zisankho
  • Kupereka ndalama zothandizira okonzekera kugula mfuti
  • Kulamula kuti pakhale mavuto okhudza kuchepetsa mfuti
  • Kuchititsa ndawala za kuphunzitsa anthu pankhani yachiŵiri ya Mpandi wa Lamulo
  • Kuphunzitsa anthu za zida ndiponso kuphunzitsa anthu kuti asamavutike ndi matenda
  • Kumanga mgwirizano ndi magulu ena osunga mwambo ndi ochirikiza ufulu
  • Kupitirizabe kufalitsa nkhani zapamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulirana

Malamulo Opambana ndi Malamulo

M’zaka makumi ambiri zapitazi, n’zotheka kuti anthu a ku America azitsatira malamulo ndiponso malamulo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zimenezi zathandiza kuti anthu a ku America azigwiritsa ntchito bwino mfuti.

Dickey Amendment

Pambuyo pa kufalitsidwa kwa kafukufuku wa mu 1993 woperekedwa ndi bungwe la United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kusonyeza kuti kukhala ndi mfuti kunawonjezera upandu wa kuphana m’nyumba, bungwe la NRA lokhala ndi ndalama zothandizira kutsimikizira CDC kuti lipeze ndalama zofufuzira zachiwawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo, lomwe linaletsa CDC kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zofufuzira ku "adcate kapena kuchirikiza mfuti. Zimenezi zinaletsa boma kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zachiwawa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zinachepetsa kwambiri umboni wa sayansi wopezeka kwa opanga malamulo.

Kutetezeredwa kwa Malonda Opereka Malamulo pa Ntchito ya Nkhondo

M’zaka zonsezi, bungwe la NRA linatsenderezedwa mwachipambano kaamba ka malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe aliyense payekha, kuphatikizapo Dickey Amendment, imene imaletsa boma kupereka ndalama kaamba ka kufufuza zachiwawa cha mfuti, ndi Kutetezera Amalonda Opereka Lamulo m’Chilamulo m’Chilango cha Arms, chimene chimatetezera opanga mfuti ku njira zalamulo za chiwawa chochitidwa ndi zida zawo. Lamulo limeneli limapereka chitetezo chalamulo ku indasitale ya mfuti, kuletsa kumanga milandu yochuluka yokhudza opanga mfuti ndi ogulitsa milandu chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo ochitidwa ndi ziŵindi zawo.

Njira Zoletsa Kumenyana kwa Mfuti

Pakati pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za NRA kuyambira ku mbali yachiŵiri ya zaka za zana la 20 panali kusonkhezera kwake kogwira mtima kwa ndale zadziko ndi kutsutsa pafupifupi lamulo lirilonse loletsa kuyendetsa mfuti, ndipo nthaŵi zonse linazindikiritsa njira zonga kuswa Lamulo Lachiŵiri la Amereka ku U.S. ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ufulu wa munthu aliyense, kusunga kaimidwe kameneko ngakhale m’nthaŵi ya kuwombera mfuti kwa anthu ambiri m’dziko lonselo.

Programu ya NRA ya Maphunziro ndi Chisungiko

Mosasamala kanthu za kutchuka kwake kwa ndale zadziko, NRA yapitirizabe kusumika maganizo ake pa maphunziro a mfuti ndi maphunziro a chisungiko, ngakhale kuti maprogramu ameneŵa tsopano alipo limodzi ndi ntchito zake zosonkhezera.

Kuphunzitsidwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Manja a Moto ndi Kulembetsa

Pamene kuli kwakuti lerolino amadziŵika mofala monga gulu lalikulu la ndale zadziko ndi monga wotetezera wamkulu wa America wa zoyenera zachiŵiri za Amereka, NRA, chiyambire kuyambika kwake, yakhala gulu la maphunziro a mfuti oyambirira m’dziko. Gululo likupitirizabe kupereka maprogramu ophunzitsa anthu wamba, osungitsa malamulo, ndi antchito ankhondo.

Gululo linapitirizabe kuchirikiza kutetezereka kwa mfuti, ndipo chakumapeto kwa ma 1980, ANALIpiritsa maprogramu angapo otetezera mfuti a sukulu zoyamba m'dziko lonselo, ndipo maprogramu ameneŵa anaphunzitsa ana kusakhudza mfuti popanda kuyang'anira. Eddie Eagle Guntafe Program imaimira imodzi ya njira zachitetezo za NRA zogaŵira chitetezo zochitidwa kwa ana.

Maprogramu a Achichepere ndi Kupha Mwamtopola

NRA yakhala ikugwiritsira ntchito maprogramu a achichepere owombera. NRA inaukira achichepere a America kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo pofika 1903 inali kuchirikiza maseŵera owombera ndi mpikisano kupyolera m'maseŵero a mfuti pa makoleji onse aakulu, mayunivesite, ndi masukulu ankhondo. Maprogramu ameneŵa akupitirizabe lerolino, ndi magulu a NRA ochirikiza kuombera mfuti m'dziko lonselo.

Kutsutsa, Kusuliza, ndi Mavuto

Chisonkhezero cha NRA ndi njira zake zabutsa mkangano waukulu ndi kusulizidwa kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo gulu lakhala ndi mavuto aakulu m’zaka zaposachedwapa.

Lingaliro la Anthu Onse ndi Kusuliza

National Rifle Association yasulizidwa ndi mabungwe a olemba nyuzipepala, kuletsa mfuti ndi zoyenera za kumenyera ufulu wa anthu, magulu andale, ochitira ndemanga zandale, ndi andale zadziko, ndi Democrat ndi oyanja ufulu kaŵirikaŵiri amasuliza gululo. Osuliza amanena kuti chitsutso cha NRA cha kuletsa kuletsa mfuti chimathandizira ku chiwawa cha mfuti ndi kuletsa malamulo ofala a chisungiko cha mfuti.

Osuliza akale kwambiri a NRA anapangidwa monga magulu olamulira mfuti, Kampeni ya Brady, Chikalata cha Kuletsa Chiwawa cha Gun (CSGV), ndi Chipatala cha PPC, ndi magulu makumi aŵiri ndi oyambirira amaphatikizapo Alltown ya Gun Safety (Amene kale Anali Magazi Olimbana ndi Mlandu Wachibamu, Amayi Achitapo Kanthu, ndi Giffords. Mabungwe ameneŵa agwira ntchito polimbana ndi chisonkhezero cha ndale zadziko ndi malamulo a NRA ankhondo yamphamvu.

Kusasamala Ndalama ndi Mavuto a Malamulo

Mu February 2024, atsogoleri a NRA anapezedwa ali ndi liwongo la kusaona mtima kwa ndalama ndi ziphuphu ndi ajuli a ku Manhattan . Chigamulo chimenechi chinaimira kuipidwa kwakukulu kwa mbiri ya gulu ndi kukhulupirika. Mu 2018 Oliver North ndi kutsogolo kwa asilikali a asilikali a United States yemwe anali woyang'anira sitima zankhondo amene anafufuza za msonkho wa gululo pakati pa milandu ya ndalama za anthu a ku Iran-Kontra Affir, adatchedwa pulezidenti wa NRA , ndipo posapita nthaŵi anayamba kulimbana ndi mkulu wa bungwe la NRA LaPire monga nduna za gulu lofufuza za msonkho wa bungwelo.

Kuwonongeka kwa Ziŵalo ndi Chuma

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto a zachuma ndi kuchepa kwa mamembala m’zaka zaposachedwapa, NRA ikupitirizabe kusonkhezera malingaliro a anthu ndi nkhani za ndale zadziko zonena za ufulu wa mfuti. Ngakhale kuti NRA ikutaya ndalama, kuchotsa ziŵalo ndi kuwonongeratu malamulo a boma kuposa m’zaka zapita, NRA idakali imodzi ya magulu amphamvu ndi otchuka kwambiri m’gulu la ufulu wa mfuti.

Kuwononga ndalama kwa gulu kunatsika pafupifupi 65% kuchokera pa akhawunti ya ndalama zokwanira $1.3 miliyoni mu 2020 mpaka $58,000 m'chaka cha 2023 kupyola zaka za 19 kutulutsa chidziŵitso chatanthauzo pa zowonongedwa zofuna kuperekedwa. Kutsika kwakukulu kumeneku kumasonyeza kuletsa kwa gulu ndalama ndi ziyambukiro za mavuto ake a lamulo.

Musamakhale Pagulu la Utsogoleri ndi Ziŵalo

MAUdindo a NRA sagwirizana ndi malamulo ena a anthu ake, ndipo kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti pafupifupi mamembala atatu mwa anayi a NRA amachirikiza upandu wapadziko lonse kuyang'ana kugulitsa mfuti zonse — lamulo limene NRA yamphamvu imatsutsa. Kusintha kumeneku kumapereka lingaliro lakuti utsogoleri wa gulu ungalondole malo ambiri a absotalist kuposa maziko ake a ziŵalo.

Unansi wa NRA ndi Makampani a Mfuti

Makampani a mfuti amadalira mphamvu ya NRA yosonkhezera monga bungwe la malonda a patali. Unansi umenewu wachititsa mafunso ngati NRA ikutanthauza kwenikweni mwini mfuti kapena imatumikira malonda a opanga mfuti ndi ogulitsa.

Ngakhale kuti kulibe chiŵerengero chotsimikizirika, ziŵerengero zaumwini zimasonyeza kuti makampani a NRA apereka ndalama zoyambira pa $19.3 miliyoni ndi $60.2 miliyoni ku gulu, ndi wogulitsa mfuti mmodzi akulengeza kuti zathandizira pafupifupi $15 miliyoni ku maprogramu a NRA. Zopereka zazikulu zimenezi za gulu zasonkhezera kusuliza kuti gulu limaika mapindu a malonda m’malo mwa chisungiko cha anthu.

Kukwera kwa Mabungwe Opezerapo Ufulu Wachibadwidwe

Pamene NRA yayang’anizana ndi mavuto, magulu ena atulukira kuti athetse kusoŵa kapena kupikisana ndi gulu lomenyera ufulu wa mfuti.

Pakati pa kuchititsa manyazi kumeneku, gulu latsopano, National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSF) lakula kukhala mphamvu ya gulu la ufulu wa mfuti, ndipo NSSF yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito NRA kwa zaka zambiri, ndi mandandanda ofanana ndi NRA. National Shooting Sports Foundation, bungwe la malonda a mfuti lalikulu kwambiri, ndi Gun Moniers of America ndiwo magulu okha a ufulu wa mfuti amene awononga kuposa NRA polandira chithandizo cha boma chiyambi cha 2021.

Chiyambukiro pa Zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu ndi Kumasulira Lamulo

NRA yachita mbali yaikulu m’kusintha mmene makhoti amamasulira Lamulo Lachiŵiri, kuchirikiza kutsutsidwa kumene kwachititsa zigamulo za Supreme Court kukulitsa ufulu wa munthu wodziwombera mfuti.

Malamulo a gululi athandiza kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa malamulo a bungwe lachiŵiri la Opline Amendment. Pamene kuli kwakuti NRA siingakhale yopereka chithandizo mwachindunji pa nkhani iliyonse, thandizo lake la zachuma, ma aicus chidule, ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo a dziko lathandiza kupanga malo ovomerezeka ndi andale a ufulu wa anthu a mfuti. Mageti onga District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) ndi McDonald v. Mzinda wa Chicago (200) unapeza ufulu wa munthu aliyense wokhala ndi ufulu wodzitetezera yekha, kusintha kumasulira kokhudza malamulo a boma kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Chisonkhezero cha NRA pa Mfuti Yogunda M’madzi

Pamene kuli kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri malamulo a boma amapatsidwa chisamaliro chachikulu, NRA yakhala yokangalika mofananamo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri yachipambano kwambiri pa mlingo wa boma, kumene malamulo a mfuti amasiyana kwambiri m’dziko lonselo.

Gululo lachirikiza mwachipambano "kubisa" kubisa malamulo m'maiko ambiri, kufutukula "Moni Ground" malamulo, ndi kutsekereza njira zosiyanasiyana zolamulira mfuti za m'dziko. Nyumba zopimira za boma la NRA zimaphatikizapo antchito odzipereka ndi mabungwe odzifunira amene amayang'anira ntchito ya malamulo ndi kulimbikitsa kutsutsa kuletsa mfuti.

Chigwirizano cha alendocho chimachirikizanso kuchinjiriza kopitirizabe kwa "chonyamula chobisika" chimene chimalola munthu kunyamula mfuti yobisika kapena chida china pathupi pake, ndi "kunyamula mfuti yotseguka" kumatanthauza kuti mfutizo zingakhale zowoneka mwapang’ono kapena zowoneka bwino, ndipo palibe malamulo a boma amakono obindikiritsidwa pa kunyamula, ndipo maboma amasiyana m’ziletso zawo kapena kulola zilolezo zoterozo.

Chivomerezo cha Gulu la Kulamulira Mfuti

Kulamulira kwa NRA kwasonkhezera kuwonjezereka kwa magulu ochirikiza malamulo okhwima a mfuti, akumapanga malo ogaŵanika mowonjezereka motsatira malamulo a mfuti.

M’ma 1930, Nyumba ya Malamulo yolandirira mfuti isanachite zimene imachita lerolino, inakhazikitsa malamulo achindunji osungitsa anthu athu, pamene inapyola National Firemarms Act m’ma 1930 kulamulira mfuti zangozi koposa zatsikulo, ndipo inaposa Brady Bill m’ma 1990 kukhazikitsa njira yopimira kugula mfuti, koma lerolino, kutsutsa mfuti kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale zoyesayesa za bipartis, mofanana ndi Bipartans Savervical Act ya 2022, ziri ndi ziletso ndi zopinga zimene zimafooketsa mphamvu yawo.

Magulu olamulira mfuti athandiza kuletsa chisonkhezero cha NRA kupyolera m'kukakamizidwa kwawo, mkupiti wa maphunziro apoyera, ndi mizu yaudzu yolinganiza. Magulu onga Everotown for Gun Safety, okhazikitsidwa ndi ndalama zazikulu kuchokera kwa yemwe kale anali Mzinda wa New York Michael Bloomberg, ayesa kulingana ndi ndalama za NRA ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa udzu, ngakhale kuti iwo akuyang'anizanabe ndi chuma chapadera ndi mavuto a gulu.

Njira ya NRA Yolankhulirana ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Makinawa ndi opangidwa mogometsa kwambiri ndipo amaphatikizapo magazini, nkhani za pa Intaneti, ndi mavidiyo amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopa anthu.

Gululo limafalitsanso magazini angapo ndi kuchirikiza zochitika za mpikisano waudindo. Zofalitsa zimenezi zimaphatikizapo American Rifleman, American Hunter, ndi American’s 1st Freedom, yomwe imaphatikiza zolembedwa za mfuti zogwirizana ndi mauthenga andale zadziko onena za ufulu wa mfuti ndi nkhani zachiŵiri za Amereka.

Bungweli lapanganso njira zolankhulirana ndi achinyamata ndiponso njira zolankhulirana ndi anthu pa Intaneti kuti litsutse maganizo amene amapezeka m’manyuzipepala otsutsa ufulu wa mfuti.

Zimene Anthu Padziko Lonse Amaona Ndiponso Kuchita

Padziko lonse, bungwe la NRA limatsutsa za Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), ndipo latsutsa kulembetsa mfuti ku Canada, lachirikiza ufulu wa anthu a ku Brazil womenya mfuti, ndipo latsutsa malamulo a ku Australia oletsa nkhondo. Bungweli layesetsa kutumiza nzeru zake za ufulu wa mfuti ku mayiko ena a ku America, ngakhale kuti silinapambane kwenikweni chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mfuti ndi kukhazikitsanso malamulo a mayiko ena olemera.

NRA yapadziko lonse yaphatikizapo kuchirikiza magulu omenyera ufulu wa mfuti m'maiko ena ndi mapangano a mitundu yonse omwe angayambukire eni mfuti za ku America. Komabe, chisonkhezero cha gulu chimakhala chofala m’banja, popeza kuti maiko ena otukuka amasunga malamulo a mfuti okhwima kwambiri kuposa United States popanda magulu andale aakulu owapereka.

Tsogolo la Lamulo la NRA ndi la Mfuti ku Amereka

Tsogolo la NRA lidakali losatsimikizirika pamene liyang'ana ku mavuto a zachuma, mavuto a zamalamulo, ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu za ndale zadziko. Chisonkhezero cha gululo, pamene kuli kwakuti chidakali chokulira, chikuoneka kukhala chochepa pa kukwera kwake m'ma 1990 ndi 2000.

Zimene zonsezi zimatanthauza kaamba ka gululo monga momwe zimaonekera kuchokera ku zonyansa za zaka zingapo zapitazo sizikudziŵikabe, ndipo NRA sinayankhe mapempho a ndemanga koma openyerera a gulu anthaŵi yaitali anauza Opensecrets kuti osapanga phinduwo mothekera adzakhalabe ndi mphamvu yaikulu m’ndale zadziko za ku America, ngakhale mtsogolo moyandikira.

Zinthu zingapo zidzaumba njira ya NRA ndi chisonkhezero chake chopitirizabe pa lamulo la nkhondo la America:

  • Gululi likhoza kuthetsa mavuto ake a zachuma ndi a zamalamulo
  • Mpikisano wa magulu ena omenyera ufulu wa mfuti monga NSSF ndi Gun Moners of America
  • Kusintha lingaliro la anthu pa kuletsa mfuti, makamaka pakati pa achichepere a ku Amereka
  • Kulimbana ndi malamulo opitirizabe okhudzana ndi malamulo a boma ndi boma
  • Gululo likuyenda bwino pomanganso chikhulupiriro ndi mamembala ake ndi opereka zinthu
  • Zikhoterero za ndale zadziko zofala ndi kulinganizika kwa mphamvu m’mabungwe a malamulo ndi m’maboma

Kumvetsetsa Mbali Yochuluka ya Ufulu wa Mfuti ndi Kulamulira Zifumu

Udindo wa NRA m’lamulo la ku America la mfuti sungamvedwe molekanitsa ndi mikangano ya chikhalidwe, ndale, ndi malamulo ponena za mfuti m’chitaganya cha Amereka.

United States ali ndi unansi wapadera ndi mfuti poyerekezera ndi maiko ena otukuka, ozikidwa pa malamulo otetezera, mbiri yoikidwa m’malire, kusaka nyama, ndi makhalidwe a chikhalidwe ogogomezera ufulu wa munthu ndi kudzidalira. NRA yadzikweza monga wotetezera miyambo imeneyi ku chimene imasonyeza kukhala chiwopsezo ndi chiwopsezo ku ufulu walamulo.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, United States akukhala ndi milingo ya chiwawa cha mfuti kuposa imene ya maiko ofanana, kutsogolera ochirikiza kuletsa mfuti kunena kuti chitsutso cha NRA cha lamulo chimathandizira ku imfa zokhoza kupeŵedwa. Kusagwirizana kwakukulu kumeneku ponena za unansi pakati pa kukhala ndi mfuti, malamulo a mfuti, ndi chisungiko cha anthu kupitirizabe kusonkhezera mkangano wa ndale zadziko.

Ntchito ya Ndalama m’Makambitsirano a Zipolowe

Chowonadi nchakuti dongosolo lathu lakhala lotayika ndi mphamvu ya zifuno za ndalama, kuphatikizapo kulandirira mfuti ndi maindasitale a zida, ndi m'malo ambiri – makamaka Congress – ambiri okhala ndi mphamvu ya kuchitapo kanthu mmalo mwake akufotokoza "malingaliro ndi mapemphero" ndi kupitabe popanda kupanga masinthidwe ang'onoang'ono alionse ku malamulo athu, ndipo ambiri amatchula za ndale zadziko za National Rifle Association monga mafotokozedwe a atsogoleri athu osankhidwa pa nkhaniyi, ndipo ndi chifukwa chabwino – NRA ikudzitama kuti ili ndi ziŵalo 5 miliyoni ndipo imawononga zaka makumi ambiri za ndale zadziko.

Komabe, mphamvu ya NRA imaposa pa zopereka za ndawala wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zandale za NRA mwa zopereka zake kwa oyembekezera kukumana kumasiya mamiliyoni ambiri akuwononga ndalama. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya gulu imachokera ku kuphatikiza kwake chuma, kusonkhanitsa udzu, ntchito za nyuzi, ndi ndale za ndale zadziko ku milingo yambiri ya boma.

Zimene Zikuphunzitsa: Kuphunzitsa za Lamulo la NRA ndi la Zifuko

Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira omwe akuphunzira malamulo a boma la America, lamulo lalamulo, kapena lamulo la boma, NRA imapereka kufufuza kothandiza kwa nkhani za ndale zadziko za gulu, kumasulira kwa lamulo, ndi mphamvu za chisonkhezero cha ndale zadziko.

Kuzindikira chisinthiko cha NRA kuchokera ku gulu la ukazembe ku nyumba ya ulamuliro wandale zadziko kumasonyeza mmene magulu angasinthire mkupita kwa nthaŵi pochitapo kanthu ku kusintha kwa malo andale zadziko. Maluso a gululo amasonyeza njira zambiri zimene magulu achidwi angasonkhezerepo njira, kuphatikizapo kusonkhezera, zopereka za ndawala, kusonkhanitsa udzu, kuunika, ndi maphunziro a anthu.

Nkhani za NRA ndi mfuti zimadzutsanso mafunso ofunika ponena za zoyenera za lamulo, chisungiko cha anthu, mbali ya ndalama m’ndale, ndi mmene anthu a demokrase amalinganizira makhalidwe ndi zikondwerero zopikisana. Mafunso ameneŵa alibe mayankho osavuta, kupanga lamulo la mfuti kukhala nkhani yabwino kwambiri yokulitsa maluso ofufuza ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani zovuta kumvetsa.

Njira Zodziŵira Chiyambukiro cha NRA

  • NRA inasintha kuchoka ku gulu lopanga zizindikiro lokhazikitsidwa mu 1871 kukhala gulu lalikulu landale zadziko kuyambira m’ma 1970
  • Gululi limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, kulimbikitsa anthu kuti afike pamalo ena, kutumiza udzu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana
  • Ndawala ya ndawala yapadera ndi yokhayo imene imaimira ndalama zonse za ndale za NRA
  • NRA yatsekereza kapena kufooketsa zikalata zambiri zoletsa mfuti m’zigawo za boma ndi boma
  • M’zaka zaposachedwapa, gululi lakumana ndi mavuto aakulu monga mavuto a zachuma, milandu, ndiponso kuchepa kwa mamembala
  • Mabungwe ena omenyera ufulu wa mfuti atulukira kuti apikisane ndi NRA kapena kuwonjezera kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu
  • Malo a malamulo a NRA nthaŵi zina amasiyana ndi zimene zinzake zimakonda
  • Gululo limasunga maprogramu aakulu a chisungiko cha mfuti ndi maphunziro pamodzi ndi ntchito zake za ndale zadziko
  • Magulu olamulira mfuti akula chifukwa cha chisonkhezero cha NRA, akumapanga malamulo ogaŵanika mowonjezereka

Kumaliza: Chisonkhezero cha NRA Chokhalitsa pa Lamulo la Mfuti la ku America

National Rifle Association idakali mbali yaikulu m'kutsutsana pa malamulo a mfuti ku United States, ngakhale kuti chisonkhezero chake chikuwoneka kukhala chikusintha pakati pa mavuto a zachuma, alamulo, ndi a ndale zadziko. NRA iri pakati pa magulu osonkhezera kwambiri a ndale zadziko mu U. Kuukira kwake kogwirizana ndi ufulu wa anthu kwaumba malamulo, zigamulo za khoti, ndi malingaliro a anthu kwa zaka makumi ambiri, zikumapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kumvetsetsa lamulo la mfuti la ku America popanda kuzindikira mbali ya NRA.

Kupambana kwa gulu lakutsekereza njira zolamulira mfuti ndi kufutukuka kwa ufulu wa mfuti kumasonyeza mphamvu ya magulu a zikondwerero zolinganizidwa bwino mu demokrase ya America. Kaya munthu aone zimenezi kukhala zotetezera ufulu wa anthu kapena kulepheretsa njira zachitetezo za anthu, chiyambukiro cha NRA pa malamulo a nkhondo ya ku America nchosatsutsika.

Pamene United States ikupitiriza kulimbana ndi mafunso onena za malamulo a mfuti, chisungiko cha anthu, ndi zoyenera za lamulo, ntchito ya NRA idzakhalabe yotsutsana ndi yochititsa. Kumvetsetsa mbiri ya gulu, njira, ndi ziyambukiro kumapereka mfundo zofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kumvetsetsa malamulo ovuta a mfuti za ku America ndi mphamvu zazikulu za chisonkhezero cha ndale zadziko m'zitaganya za demokrase.

Kwa ophunzira, aphunzitsi, opanga malamulo, ndi nzika, kupenda chisinthiko cha NRA ndi chisonkhezero zimapereka chidziŵitso chopindulitsa ponena za mmene magulu amapangira malamulo a anthu, mmene ufulu walamulo umasuliridwira ndi kutsutsidwa, ndi mmene magulu a democracy amagwiritsira ntchito njira zovuta zopitira pakati pa makhalidwe opikisana. Maphunziro ameneŵa akuwonjezera pa mafunso ofunika kwambiri onena za mphamvu, kuimira, ndi kulamulira mu demokrase ya America.

Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za mikangano ya zankhondo ya mfuti ndi magulu oloŵetsedwamo, chezerani [[FLT: 0] Malamulo kaamba ka ndandanda ya zamalonda, [[FLT:] BRItanica's NRA's fufuzidwa kaamba ka nkhani za m'mbiri, [[FLT:] [FLT]] Malamulo [[FLT:] kaamba ka kutetezera mfuti malingaliro a kuphulika, ndi Website ya NRA] yalamulo kaamba ka ka kawoneso pa ntchito zake ndi ntchito zake.