Chiyambi: Kuipitsidwa kwa Maonekedwe Obiriŵira a India ndi Mbali ya Lamulo la Kudzisunga

India ali paulendo wovuta kwambiri pa ulendo wake wopita patsogolo. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chuma, chiŵerengero cha anthu cha mabiliyoni 1.4, ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsenderezo za malo okhala, dzikolo liyenera kugwirizanitsa kukula ndi uyang'aniro wa chilengedwe. Boma ladzipereka kuyang'anira nyengo pansi pa Chipangano cha Paris, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa mphamvu ya GDP yake ndi 45% ndi 2030 (milingo ya 2005) ndi kutulutsa khoka la nyukiliya mu 2070. Kuti likwaniritse zolinga zimenezi, kusintha kwakukulu kwa mabizinesi nkofunika kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa mphamvu yake yotulutsa popanda kulephera kuyendetsa chuma.

Zisonkhezero za msonkho zatulukira monga chimodzi cha ziŵiya zamphamvu kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kumeneku. Mwa kuchepetsa mtengo wa kutengera maluso obiriŵira ndi ntchito zopindulitsa, boma la Indiya likufuna kusonkhezera kuikizira kayendetsedwe ka gulu la anthu m'malonda ogwirizana ndi boma. Nkhaniyi ikupenda kapangidwe kake, zotsatirapo zake, ndi kuthekera kwa msonkho wa mabizinesi aubwenzi ku India, kupereka kupenda kolongosoledwa kwatsatanetsatane kwa amalonda, opanga malamulo, ndi opanga makampani.

Kupenda Msonkho wa Mabizinesi a Eco - Frier ku India

Zochititsa Kufuna Kupeza Zochuluka

Malamulo a malo okhala okha kaŵirikaŵiri amalephera kuchititsa kufalikira kwa machitachita osungika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo, kubwezera, ndi misika yogawikana. Zisonkhezero za msonkho zimatsekereza mpata umenewu mwa kupanga kukongola kwa ndalama. Amachepetsa nthaŵi yobwezeredwa kaamba ka mphamvu zomakonzanso, amachepetsa mtengo wogwira bwino wa zipangizo zopangira zinthu zoyera, ndi kuwongolera mapindu a mabizinesi amene amaika patsogolo ntchito ya malo okhala ndi malo okhala.

Mitundu Yokulira ya Zidzukulu

Boma la India limapereka mapindu a mwachindunji ndi osalunjika a msonkho olinganizidwa ku mabizinesi aubwenzi. Magulu aakulu amaphatikizapo:

  • Maholide a Tax : Kupatula kwathunthu kapena kwapang'ono kumsonkhezero wa malipiro a makampani kwa nyengo yodziŵika, makamaka kaamba ka mabizinesi atsopano m'mbali zoyambirira monga mbadwo wa mphamvu zokhoza kubwezeretsedwa, kutayidwa ndi kudyedwa, ndi kulimidwa kwa zomera.
  • Ndalama zochepetsedwa: Malo olola mabizinesi kuchotsa mlingo wa ndalama zowonongedwa pamalikulu zopezedwa kaamba ka zinthu zobiriŵira zoyenerera, zonga ngati mabudula oyendera dzuŵa, tirbini, kapena mafakitale otetezera owonjezereka.
  • Mapilo a Mapikica ndi Service Trust (GST) afupidwa: Mitengo ya pansi (kaŵirikaŵiri 5% kapena 12%) kaamba ka zinthu zamagetsi (monga magalimoto a magetsi, LDED , ndi zipangizo zobwezedwa) [1] Yofananitsidwa ndi muyezo wa 18% kapena 28% wa zinthu zamwambo.
  • Kukwera mtengo kochitidwa: Mpata wa kulemba chigawo chachikulu cha mtengo wa makina obiriŵira m'zaka zoyambirira za ntchito, kuchepetsa msonkho wa kanthaŵi ndi kuwongolera kuyenda kwa ndalama.

Kufufuza Molongosoka Mfundo Zofunika za Msonkho

Maholide a Msonkho Pansi pa Lamulo la Msonkho

Chigawo 80-IA cha Inhooting Tax Act chakhala maziko a kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo la zinthu ndi mphamvu za mphamvu za anthu, kuphatikizapo ntchito zomanganso . Pansi pa makonzedwe ameneŵa, kutulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku magwero okonzedwanso (dzulo, mphepo, kawomba ka dontho ka madzi, ka dontho ka madzi) kangapereke ndalama zokwana 100 za phindu pa zaka 10 zilizonse zotsatizana. Zimenezi zakhala zikugwira ntchito yokopa anthu ku mapaki ndi mafamu a mphepo. Mofananamo, chigawo 80-IAB chimapereka tchuthi cha msonkho kwa zaka 10 zotsalira mabizinesi opanga mabizinesi apadera (SEZ) omwe amatengera kumanga nyumba zobiriwira zobiriwira.

Kuyamba kupangidwa kwa zinthu zaubwenzi, boma linayambitsa Gawo 80-IAC, limene limapereka 100% ya phindu kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana mwa zisanu ndi ziŵiri, malinga ngati kuyambako kwagwirizanitsidwa pambuyo pa 1 April 2016 ndipo lavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la Inter-Ministerial Board . Pamene kuli kwakuti siliri lokha la kuyamba ndi maluŵa, mabizinesi ambiri ochirikizidwa apeza phindu limeneli.

Kukonza Zopanga Mabomba Kuti Akhalenso ndi Mphamvu ndi Zamakono

Pambuyo pa maholide a msonkho, boma limalimbikitsa kuikizira ndalama zowonjezereka za magetsi mwa kuchepetsa ndalama. Pansi pa Chigawo 35AD, zowonongedwa pa mabizinesi otchulidwa [1] kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tcheni yozizira yopangira zinthu zaulimi kapena kuyala ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mapaipi a mpweya wachilengedwe. Kukonza zipangizo zomangiranso mphamvu zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphamvu, phindu limaonekera kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kukwera mtengo kwa ndalama mmalo mwa kuchepetsa kwenikweni, komanso zisonkhezero za boma zina zimapatsanso ndalama zochepetsera ndalama zolipirira.

Chitsogozo cha Kugwirizanitsa Makompyuta a dzuŵa opangidwa ndi solar photovoltaic (PV) , choyambitsidwa mu 2021, chimapereka chisonkhezero chapamwamba cha 30% pa malonda owonjezera kwa opanga maselo ndi makompyuta a dzuŵa okhoza kuzungulira. Pamene kuli kwakuti makompyuta opangidwa mopendedwa, kugwirizana kwake ndi mapindu a msonkho (m’mzera, kutsika GST pa zoloŵetsedwa) kumapanga phindu la ndalama zambiri.

Kutsika kwa Magetsi Opatsa Maluwa

Ulamuliro wa GST wakonzedwa kuti uthandize anthu kuti azidya zakudya zobiriwira. Mwachitsanzo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Magalimoto a pakompyuta (EV): [[FLT] GST on EV ndi 5%, poyerekezera ndi 28% pa galimoto za petroli ndi dizilo. Mofananamo, masiteshoni okwera a EV amakopa 5% GST.
  • Ziŵiya za mphamvu ya dzuŵa zokhoza kukonzedwanso: mphamvu ya dzuŵa, majenereta a mphepo, ndi ziwalo zawo zimakhomedwa pa 12% (kapena kutsika kwa mlingo) mmalo mwa muyezo wa 18%.
  • Mautumiki a kutaya zonyansa: Kukonza zinyalala zowopsa ndi kubwezeretsa i'waste kumachotsedwa ku GST kapena kusungidwa msonkho pa 5% yokha, kuchepetsa mtengo wa kubwezera kwa mabizinesi.
  • Nyumba zaudzu: Mafupa opangidwa ngati galasi lolephera mphamvu, zipangizo zothandizira kutulutsa madzi, ndi njira zosokera madzi amvula zimachepetsa mitengo, ngakhale kuti phindu lonse kwa omanga nyumba likutsekerezedwabe ndi kuchepa kwa mlingo woperekedwa wa GST wa nyumba zobiriŵira zotsimikiziridwa.

Kukwera mtengo kwa mitengo ya maluŵa kwasintha mofulumira

Kukwera kofulumira ndi limodzi la makampani otchuka kwambiri operekera msonkho pa makampani a likulu. Pansi pa ndalama zoyendetsera msonkho, zinthu zonga ma wilding stars, mabut , ndi masiteshoni amagetsi ayenerera kukwera kwa 40%-80% m'chaka choyamba (kuyerekezeredwa ndi 10 °15% pa makina apamwamba). Zimenezi zimalola makampani kupeza ndalama zowonjezereka mofulumira, kuchepetsa phindu lopindulira pamene afuna ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yopereka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Makonzedwe ameneŵa akhala othandiza kwambiri makamaka m'mphepo ndi m'madera a dzuŵa, kumene ndalama zoyamba n’zokwera ndiponso ndalama zimabwezeredwa. Sizimangochepetsa msonkho komanso zimawonjezera kusweka kwa ntchito, kuchititsa kuti akope kwambiri okonza ndalama.

Chiyambukiro pa Atsogoleri Ampatuko

Kukula kwa Mphamvu Zomanganso

Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya magetsi ku India kwawonjezeka kuchokera pa 35 GW mu 2014 kufika pa 180 GW mu 2024 (kuphatikizapo dontho la madzi). Masheya athandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, phindu la kukwera kwa mphamvu ya mphepo linathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mphepo m'maboma monga Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, ndi Karnataka . Mphamvu ya dzuwa, inapindula ndi kutsika kwa malo osungirapo zinthu ndi holide ya zaka 10 pa chigawo cha 80-IA, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mitengo ya mphepo iyambe kukwera mofulumira kuchokera ku 76WH mu 2014 kufika kutsika kwa K6. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malinga ndi kunena kwa Ministry of New and Renouble Energy (MNRE), mafashoni a dzuŵa anafikira 70 GW pakati pa 2024, wachiŵiri ku China. International Renowble Energy Agency (IRENA) yavomereza lamulo la India kuphatikizapo maholide a msonkho ndi kukwera mtengo kwa deti la ndalama .

Kulima Zomera ndi Zomera

M'chigawo cha ulimi, zisonkhezero za msonkho zalimbikitsa kutengera ntchito zaulimi wa zomera ndi wosawonongeka. Boma limapatsa 100% msonkho pa phindu la zaka zisanu zoyambirira za makampani atsopano opanga mafashoni, kuphatikizapo zinthu zowonjezera za m'zakudya, mafakitale, ndi mapuloteni a mafashoni. Kuwonjezera apo, GST pa manyowe ndi 5% (mafakitale 12%) a alimi, kupangitsa kuti akhale okhoza kugula bwino.

Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga kukonza zipangizo zaulimi, zipangizo zothandizira kuchepetsa thanzi la anthu, ndi njira zothirira madzi . N’zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito tchuthi choyamba cha msonkho ndi kulephera kulipira zinthu zina zamagetsi. Kugwirizana kwa luso la zopangapanga ndi ulimi wa zomera kwachititsa kubuka kwa mapulatifomu onga Dehaat ndi AgroStar, zimene zimawonjezera kuyendetsa bwino kwa macheketi ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makemikolo.

Kusamalira Zakudya ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mosasamala

Kampani yotayidwa ndi zinyalala yakhala yolandira mwachindunji zisonkhezero za msonkho. Pansi pa Chigawo 80-IA, mabizinesi amene amapanga mphamvu kuchokera ku zinyalala zokhazikika za boma kapena ma biomas ali oyenerera kaamba ka holide ya zaka 10 . Ikumaphatikizidwa ndi kukwera kwa nyukiliya yopanga zinyalala, zisonkhezero zimenezi zakopa kusungidwa kwa ndalama m'mafakitale otayidwa ku mizinda monga Delhi, Pune, ndi Hyshad.

Kugwiritsanso ntchito ire-wante, mapulasitiki, ndi zinyalala zomanga kulinso ndi mapindu a msonkho. Mwachitsanzo, GST pa mabotolo apulasitiki okonzedwanso ndi 5%, poyerekezera ndi 18% pa pulasitiki ya golide, kupangitsa phindu. Sachh Bharat Mission (Reconfied India Mission) inalimbikitsanso malondawo kukonzanso zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ntchito m'maprojekiti a boma.

Kupanga Maluŵa Obiriŵira ndi Maginito

Kukakamiza anthu kuti ayende pa magetsi kwakula chifukwa cha kuphatikizana kwa malamulo a msonkho ndi chithandizo. Pansi pa kuperekedwa kwa Ana Opeza Amagetsi ndi Makampani a Pleice Vehicles (FAME II), opanga amalandira zisonkhezero zamalikulu, ndipo ogula amapatsidwa ndalama zachindunji pa kugula zinthu. Kumbali kwa msonkho, GST pa EVS ndi 5%, ndipo ndalama zolipira za msonkho za ku Khirisiti ya KGB ndi 5%, ndipo lakh lapilo lalipi pa chiwongo cholipidwa pa kugula EV (SUD 80EB). Kuwonjezerapo, makampani opanga zinthu za EV. , magalimoto, oyendetsa zinthu, ananena kuti ndalama zokwera ndi zowonongedwa pa makampani 35AD.

Zinthu zachilengedwe zimenezi zachititsa oseŵera aakulu monga Ola Genel, Ather Energy, ndi Mahindra Gezi kuloŵa m'masitolo a ku India, komanso opanga galimoto amwambo akusintha n'kukhala AIV. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti malonda a dziko awonjezeka kuchokera pa makompyuta 10,000 mu 2019 mpaka mayuniti oposa 1500,000 mu 2023-24, ndipo pachaka chiŵerengero cha anthu oposa 70% chakwera.

Kufufuza Zokhudza Matenda: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafilimu

Kupanga Dzuŵa Pansi pa PLI

PLI CL ya mamodule a dzuŵa, ndi chiwonkhetso chonse cha ma 7624,000 crore (US $2.9 biliyoni), yakopa malonda okwera mtengo wa makampani oposa 760,000 kuchokera ku makampani monga Runice New Energy, Adani Solar , ndi Vikram Solar. Chiwembuchi chimapereka chisonkhezero cha ndalama zokokedwa ndi 30% pa malonda a makompyuta owonjezera kwa zaka zisanu. Pamene chisanganizidwa ndi holide ya msonkho ya zaka 10 ya kampani pansi pa chigawo cha 80-IA ndi 5% GST pa maselo a dzuŵa, mitengo ya kukonza zinthu yatsika. India tsopano yakhala pa mzere wa khoka kuti ikhale wotumiza makompyuta a dzuŵa pa 2026.

Mphamvu ya Mphepo Yomanganso

Mu 2023, boma linayambitsa njira yothandiziranso mafamu a mphepo a zaka zoposa 15. Pansi pa lamulo limeneli, oyendetsa malo amene alipo angalowe mmalo mwa zitsulo zakale ndi ziwiya zapamwamba ndi kulandira tchuthi cha msonkho chowonjezera mphamvu yowonjezereka. Makampani onga Suzlon ndi Siemens Gamena agwiritsa ntchito zimenezi kuti akonze zombo zawo, kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ndi 40%.

Mavuto ndi Nkhani Zotsatirapo

Zotaika Zocholoŵana ndi Zofunika

Ngakhale kuti ndandanda ya zinthu zothandizira kukhoma msonkho ndi yopatsa, makampani ambiri amavutika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka, zofunikira, ndi njira zovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kuti tchuthi cha msonkho chiyambe pa Desiki lokwana 80-IAC imafunikira chikalata kuchokera ku bungwe la Inter-Ministerial Board, njira imene ingatenge miyezi. Mofananamo, mapindu owonjezereka amafunika kusunga zikalata zovomerezeka ndi mafomu atsatanetsatane ndi akuluakulu a msonkho wa ndalama. Makampani aang'ono ndi apakati (SME) kaŵirikaŵiri amasoŵa maluso a kulinganiza mapindu ameneŵa, kusiya ndalama pathebulo.

Anthu Oopa Kuthawa Mwangozi Amadziwa Bwino Zinthu

Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCCI) mu 2023 kunavumbula kuti 60% ya mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono obiriŵira sanali osadziŵa zisonkhezero za msonkho zoyenerera. Amalonda ambiri osamalira zotayidwa, zolima, ndi mphamvu zokhalanso zochepera sizikudziŵa kuti GST kapena ndalama zoikitsidwira ndalama zilipo. Kukwera boma kwakhala kosakwanira, makamaka m’madera akumidzi. Popanda kusamala, kapangidwe kapikidwe kake kamakhalabe kochepa.

Kupititsidwa Pansi kwa Lamulo Losinthasintha Kupyola Maboma

Zisonkhezero za msonkho za mabizinesi aubwenzi siziri pansi pa ulamuliro waukulu. Maboma akuperekanso maphukusi awo monga ngati kumasuka ku ntchito ya magetsi, makampani a zidindo pa zogula za pa dziko, ndi ma GST ya chigawo cha Grend . Komabe, zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Gujarat amapereka 100% ya kulandidwa magetsi pantchito ya zomera za dzuŵa, pamene Utar Pradesh akuiika pa malo ake pa 50%. Makampani otereŵa amapanga munda woseŵera ndi kuvuta kwa zigamu za malonda ogwirira ntchito m'maboma ambiri.

Komanso, kusintha kwa malamulo kumathetsa chidaliro cha wosunga ndalama. Kuchotsa mwadzidzidzi zigawo zina za mphamvu zokhoza kukonzedwanso mu 2022 kunapangitsa kusatsimikizirika, ngakhale kuti boma linazibweza pambuyo pake. Kuneneratu nkofunika kwambiri pa ntchito za nthaŵi yaitali za likulu.

Kuona Zinthu Mtsogolo ndi Chiyeneretso

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zothandiza

Kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya zosonkhezera msonkho, boma liyenera kupeputsa njira zauyang'aniro. Malo amodzi otsegulirapo misonkho yobiriwira kuti apeze mapindu a [1] kufanana ndi National Single Window System kaamba ka chilolezo cha malonda . Kutsimikizira kwa magetsi kwa zinthu zoikidwa (m'jek., kupyoza zithunzi zojambula) kungalowere mmalo mayeso, kuthamanga kwa makampani.

Kufutukula Malo Atsopano

Pamene chuma cha mbulunga chipeza ndalama zambiri, zisonkhezero za msonkho ziyenera kuperekedwa ku makampani amene amatsanzira mafashoni a zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa, kukonzanso, ndi zinthu zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, makampani amene amabwereka zipangizo zamagetsi mmalo mwa kuzigulitsa angapereke ndalama zowonjezereka zochepetsera. Mofananamo, malonda a carbon ndi ndalama za ngongole za carbon ayenera kuchotsedwa kotheratu pamsonkho wa ndalama zimene amalandira kuti alimbikitse kutengamo mbali msika wa carbon wa ku India.

Kusintha Zolinga za Nyengo Mosatsatira Lamulo

Chikole chokonzedwanso cha Nationally Prevision (NDC) chimafunikira kuikizira 7650 lakh crore (US $1,000,000,000) pofika 2030. Zisonkhezero za msonkho zokha sizingadzaze mpata umenewu, koma zingayambitse “kulola kwa ndalama zapadera zoyendetsera ntchito za nkhalango za 20% °30% pa kuwonongedwa kwa ntchito iliyonse ya malo okhala ndi zinyama, "monga ngati 0 per surputed tractive , 50% kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kapena kumanga nyumba zachikunga. Zimenezi zingagwirizane ndi zikhoterezo zapadziko lonse, monga ngati kulipira misonkhongo yobiritsira yobiriwira ya EUOM.

Kuthandiza Anthu Kuzindikira Zinthu Mwakuuluka

Akuluakulu a misonkho ndi makampani ayenera kutumiza chidziŵitso cha zinenero zambiri kusonkhezera amalonda obiriŵira. Zotsogolera zopepuka m'Chihindi, Chitamil, Telugu, ndi zinenero zina za chigawo . Zofalitsidwa kupyolera m'malo a ntchito wamba ndi makampani opanga zinthu ndi zisonkhezero za malonda. Magulu ogwirizana ndi incobator ndi zikalata zosumikidwa pa kukhazikika (monga maprogramu a Atalannovation Mission a ku Tournety) angafalitsenso chidziŵitso.

Kumaliza

Zisonkhezero za msonkho ndizo mphamvu yaikulu yochirikiza mabizinesi aubwenzi ku India, koma kuthekera kwawo konse sikumawonongedwa. Mwa kuchepetsa zopinga za zandalama, zasonkhezera kale kukula kwa mphamvu zomasulirira, ulimi, kuyendetsa zinthu zotayidwa, ndi kuyenda kwamagetsi. Komabe, zovuta zonena za mapindu, kuzindikira kochepa, ndi kusagwirizana kwa malamulo zimalepheretsa kulandiridwa ndi ena.

Ndi kusintha kwa zinthu [1] Njira zoyendera, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndi kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa zinthu . Indiya angasinthe dongosolo lake la msonkho kukhala injini yeniyeni ya malonda obiriŵira. Monga momwe dziko likuwonera ulendo wa India wa ku makoka , zosonkhezera zanzeru zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri kuti asinthe zoikizira malo okhala kukhala zinthu zopindulitsa m’zamalonda.