Kufunika Kokulira kwa Opanda Phindu Potseka Mlingo wa Kugaŵana kwa Chiŵerengero cha Anthu Okhoza Kuletseka

Zaka khumi zilizonse, United States akuchititsa kuŵerengera koikidwiratu koikidwiratu kuti aŵerenge munthu aliyense wokhala m’dzikolo. Nkhanizo zimalinganiza kugaŵiridwa kwa ndalama zoposa $1.5 biliyoni m'zigawo za boma chaka chilichonse kaamba ka maprogramu onga Medicaid, SNAP, misewu, masukulu a boma, ndi chithandizo cha nyumba. Ilo limasankhanso chiŵerengero cha mipando ya boma iliyonse yokhala m'Nyumba ya Oimira ndi m'zigawo. Ngakhale kuti limakhudza kwambiri, anthu ena adakali osaŵerengeka. Kufufuza kwaposachedwapa kuchokera ku Urban Institute kumasonyeza kuti ukonde waung'ono wa 2020 unali pafupifupi 0.24 , koma kuchuluka kwa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi osatheka kugwirira ntchitoyika pakati pa anthu a ku America, ndipo kulephera kwake kuchuluka kwa anthu a ku madera ambiri.

Chifukwa Chake Kuŵerengera Anthu Kuli Kolondola

Kuŵerengera sikuli kokha kuŵerengera kwa aureaucracy; ndiko maziko a kulamulira koyenera. Kufufuza kwapachaka kumayambukira mwachindunji kugawiridwa kwa ndalama za boma kaamba ka mautumiki ofunika. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Census Bureaution likusimba kuti kwa munthu aliyense amene waphonya, boma limataya ndalama zokwana $2,000 pachaka m'zochitika za boma zaka khumi zotsatira. Zaka zoposa khumi, zimene zimawonjezera zikwi za madola zikwi zambiri pa munthu mmodzi amene asoŵa. Midzi yokhala ndi anthu ambiri ovutika monga madera akumidzi, mizinda yamkati, ndi a m'dziko lachilendo amavutika kwambiri chifukwa chodalira kwambiri chithandizo cha boma cha maphunziro, zaumoyo, ndi zaumoyo.

Kuphatikiza pa ndalama zimene anthu amapatsidwa, kuŵerengera anthu ndi kumene kumaimira ndale. Kusintha malo ndi kugawidwa ndi zochokera pa manambala, kutanthauza kuti kuŵerengedwa kwa anthu kukhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ndale za anthu ochepa ndi anthu ochepa opeza ndalama. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti anthu amene ali kale otsika akhale ndi nthumwi zochepa ndiponso kuti asamanene mawu ambiri posankha zochita zimene zimakhudza moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Olephera kugwiritsa ntchito zimenezi kuti alimbikitse anthu amene angagwirizane ndi magulu amene angasankhepo.

Zopinga Zofunika Kwambiri Zoyang’anizana ndi Magulu Ovuta Kuwathetsa

Kudziwa kuti pali zinthu zina zimene zingawalepheretse kuchita kalembera n’kofunika kwambiri kuti apeze njira zothandizira anthu ovutika.

Mavuto a Chinenero

Anthu oposa 67 miliyoni ku United States amalankhula chilankhulo china osati Chingelezi, ndipo oposa 25 miliyoni sadziwa bwino Chingelezi. Pamene kuli kwakuti bungwe la Censureal Bureau imapereka zinthu m’zinenero 13 ndi kutsogolera chinenero m’zinenero 59, anthu ambiri olankhula Chingelezi amavutikabe ndi zimenezi. Sadziwa kuti kalemberayu alipo pa Intaneti kapena pafoni m’zinenero zambiri, kapena kuti sangathe kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuti athe kufunsa mafunso ngakhale m’zinenero zawo. Olankhula zinenero zina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinenero ziwiri ndiponso kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti apeze mpata umenewu.

Kungodziŵa Nkhani Yochepa

Magulu ovuta kwambiri sapeza njira zodalirika zodziŵira zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu opanda nyumba, sangakhale ndi keyala yachikhalire kapena ntchito ya pa Intaneti. Anthu a m’madera akumidzi sangakhale ndi malo ogwirizana kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu amene ali ndi intaneti, nkhani zolakwika zokhudza kubala kwa anthu zimafalikira kwambiri pa wailesi ndi m'migwirizano ya anthu. Nthano za chinsinsi cha madata, malo a nzika, ndi cholinga cha kuchuluka kwa anthu zingaletse kutengamo mbali.

Kusadalira Mabungwe a Boma

Kusankhana kwa mbiri ndi kosalekeza, maprogramu osayenera a boma (monga Tuskegee conjola), ndi kusungitsa anthu oloŵa m'dziko kwachititsa kusakhulupirira kwakukulu boma pakati pa anthu ambiri ochepa. Anthu osamuka, makamaka osalembedwa, amaopa kuti ntchito ya kuŵerenga ingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothamangitsa kapena pobwezera. Ngakhale kuti lamulo la boma (Tit 13) limaletsa kwambiri bungwe la Censureage kugawana ndi osungitsa malamulo kapena mabungwe a za anthu oloŵa m’dziko, chitsimikizo chimenechi sichikudziŵika bwino kapena kukhulupiridwa. Mabungwe osapanga mapangano okhazikitsidwa m'madera ameneŵa amatumikira monga zitetezero zodalirika zalamulo ndi kutsimikizira anthu.

Mavuto Omveka Bwino

Magulu ambiri ovutika amakumana ndi mavuto monga kusoŵa zoyendera zopita ku malo oŵerengera anthu, kulephera kupuma pantchito, kusowa nyumba zokhazikika, kapena kusoŵa Intaneti. Kuwerenga anthu 2020 kunali koyamba kugogomezera mayankho a pa Intaneti, amene anawonjezera manambala. Malinga ndi bungwe la Pew Research Center, pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya anthu achikulire a ku America sagwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndipo peresenti imeneyi ndi yokwera kwambiri pakati pa achikulire, mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa, ndi anthu akumidzi.

Ntchito Yosapindulitsa ya Kuchuluka kwa Anthu

Mabungwe osapanga phindu amagwira ntchito m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, m’boma, ndi m’madera ena.

Kuthandiza Anthu ndi Kuwakhulupirira

Kuŵerenga kogwira ntchito bwino kumayamba ndi gulu limene chitaganya chimakhulupirira. Magulu odalira chikhulupiriro, malo a zaumoyo, mayanjano a mafuko, ndi malo othandizira anthu opanda nyumba onse ali ndi mizu yaikulu m'madera amene amatumikira. Kupanda phindu kwa mayanjano ameneŵa kuperekera chidziŵitso cholondola m'njira yachikhalidwe. Iwo amagwirizanitsa misonkhano ya m’tauni, khomo la nyumba zochitiramo zochitika, ndi mabanki a telefoni kuti ayankhe mafunso ndi mantha. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa 202020 kaŵerengedwe ka anthu, kusoŵa kwa ndalama [[FLT:] kwa onse mu Wiscoverson [FL:1]] adagwirizana ndi gulu la magulu ogwirizana oposa 1,600 amene anafikira ku Hong, Soli, ndi Chilatini, ndi chikhalidwe china chachilatini chogwirizana.

Nyumba yokhulupirirana njofunika kwambiri kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi othaŵa kwawo. Mabungwe onga ngati Law Inflation Center ndi magulu a ufulu wa anthu akumeneko omwe anachita “Kudziŵa Ufulu Wanu” magawo amene anafotokoza momveka bwino mmene kuŵerengera anthu kumatetezeredwa. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera mphamvu zandale ndi chuma mmalo mwa lamulo la boma, iwo anasintha njira yoopsa kukhala yothandiza anthu kukhazikitsa ufulu.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kuchenjeza Ena

Makina osakhala a phindu a kukonza ndi kufalitsa zinthu zophunzitsira zosavuta, kuona, ndi kutembenuza m'zinenero za anthu. Zimapanga ndege, mavidiyo, malo oulutsira nkhani, ndi kusatsa malonda a wailesi zimene zimafotokoza kuti kuŵerenga anthu kuli ndi phindu, ndi mmene angachitire. Nthaŵi zambiri mpikisanowu umagogomezera mapindu a konkiri. Zonga sukulu zabwino, misewu, ndi zipatala zomwe zimaphatikizapo ziŵerengero zopanda nzeru. [FLD: 0] Census Counts , kampeni yotsogozedwa ndi magulu a ufulu wachibadwire ndi magulu a ziŵiya zopanga zinthu, zopanga zida zokhala ndi zinzake zomwe zinaphatikizapo zojambula zolembapo za banki, mafunso, ndi zosindikiza anthu osoŵa pokhala ndi osoŵa pokhala ndi anthu osoŵa pokhala ndi moyo.

Njira ina yothandiza kwambiri ya maphunziro ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri odalirika a m'deralo . . . . (amene ali ndi makampani aang'ono) monga “antchito odziŵa ntchito za kampani. [1] Anthu ameneŵa amaphunzitsidwa kulankhula za kuŵerengera anthu panthaŵi ya misonkhano ya anthu yomwe ilipo, monga mautumiki a tchalitchi, zipatala, ndi misonkhano ya makolo. Nthaŵi zambiri, kuvomereza kosavuta kwa mnansi wolemekezeka kumakopa osati kutsatsa malonda olipidwa.

Thandizo Lachindunji: Kukwaniritsa Funso la Funso

Mwinamwake mbali yooneka kwambiri yopanda phindu ndiyo kuthandiza anthu kuti aŵerenge anthu mwa njira zosiyanasiyana.

  • Census Isolation Centers zokhazikitsidwa m'malo a mudzi monga malaibulale, malo a zosangulutsa, malo odyera, ndi masukulu, ndi antchito odzifunira ophunzitsidwa ndi olankhula zinenero ziŵiri.
  • [[NT.0] A MPUZANO [1] Woikidwa ku malo opanda nyumba, makhichini a supu, ndi malo oima anthu ovutika kumene amasonkhana.
  • thandizani ndi mapilo otentha ochitidwa ndi antchito osapanga phindu kwa oimba foni amene amakonda kuyankha ndi foni kapena kufuna kuchirikiza chinenero.
  • Maprogramu apanyumba a okalamba kapena opunduka amene sangathe kupita ku malo othandizira.

Mu 2020, kusapanga phindu LAIO [1] ku Los Angeles adagwirizana ndi bungwe la Census Bureau kukhazikitsa malo oyendera madera ambiri a Latino ndi Asia. Iwo anapereka magome ndi Wiph Fi ndi antchito odzifunira amene akanathandiza kumaliza mafomu a Chingelezi, Spanish, Korea, kapena Tagalog. Gululo linasimba kuti pafupifupi 80% ya anthu amene anali kuthandiza anali oyamba kufunsidwa kuŵerenga anthu amene anasoŵa kale.

Kulalikira Anthu Ovuta Kufika

Magulu ena amene ali pangozi amavutika kwambiri kuwatchula chifukwa chakuti alibe malo enieni ochezera kapena amabisa mwadala.

Anthu Akhala ndi Moyo Wosoŵa Kokhala

Anthu opanda nyumba amaphonya kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa chakuti samachitidwa ntchito zapapositi. Zosapindulitsa monga Alliance ya National Yothetsa Kusauka kwa Moyo ndi malo ogona a kumaloko ogwirizana ndi oŵerengera anthu kuti achite “makalata olembedwa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamasiku ena oikidwa, antchito a kalembera amachezera malo ogona, makhitchini a supu, ndi makiliniki a zaumoyo kuti aŵerenge anthu amene alipo. Opanda maawilo amaphunzitsanso anthu awo opanda nyumba zawo kuti athandize anthu opanda nyumba kudzaza masankhomo ndi mapepala kapena Intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako kapena mapepala osungirako zinthu monga “antchito koma osapanga maadiresi.

Ana M’mabanja Otsika 76 Opeza

Ana aang'ono ali limodzi la magulu osaŵerengeka kwambiri m'kalembera. Zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mabanja okhala m'nyumba za lendi, nyumba za mibadwo yambiri, kapena magulu odzaza ndi anthu nthaŵi zina saphatikiza ana aang'ono pa mapangidwe awo, mwina chifukwa chakuti amaiŵala kapena chifukwa chakuti amaganiza kuti ana saŵerenga. Zopanga za pulogalamu ya Earst, WiC zipatation , ndi malo a zaumoyo zimaloŵetsa mafunso a kalembera m'makonzedwe awo a kadyedwe ndi kukumbutsa makolo kundandalika ana onse okhala m’nyumba. All Kids mkupiti, wotsogozedwa ndi mapulogalamu osapanga , opangidwa ndi bungwe la Health Watcher .

Kumidzi Ndiponso Kutalikirana

Madera akumidzi amabweretsa mavuto apadera: kulumikizana kwapansi kwa kampani, mitunda yaitali ku madera othandizira, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kwaing'ono kumene kumapanga kukwera mtengo kwa mwambo. Zosapindulitsa monga [[FLT: 0]] LISC [1] ndi nyumba za anthu zagwiritsira ntchito magalimoto a galimoto zonyamula katundu wokonzeka ndi intaneti kubweretsa chithandizo cha anthu ku madera akutali. Iwonso amagwira ntchito ndi maofesi, masiteshoni a gasi, ndi masitolo a famu kufalitsa mapepala ndi chidziŵitso.

Kutenga Mbali m’Kuphunzitsa ndi Kukhazikitsa Lamulo

Kupyola pa ntchito yachindunji, osapanga phindu amaloŵanso m'ntchito yochotsa zopinga zadongosolo kuti adziŵerengere. Amalimbikira kuti apereke ndalama zokwanira zothandizira kutembenuza, kuti apeze zofunika kutembenuza ndi kupezeka, ndi kuti atetezere mabizinesi achinsinsi. Mkati mwa 2020, makampani ambiri osapanga zinthu mogwira ntchito mwachipambano achita ntchito yapanthaŵi yaitali chifukwa cha mliri wa CHOVID [1], kunena kuti kamphindi kanthaŵi kakanga kanga kanga kanga kangapangitse anthu osatetezeka. Iwo analimbananso ndi kufunsidwa za kukhala nzika, zimene anaona monga chida chotsekezeramo kutengamo mbali. Mabungwe a Nationaluniat [1] Mabungwe a Urban Barban [FLD:] ndi FLP]

Kufufuza za Anthu: Kusinthasintha kwa Maboma Kwachipambano

Kuti timvetse mmene kuloŵerera m’nkhani yopanda phindu kumakhudzira anthu, tiyeni tione zitsanzo zingapo za kalembera wa 2020.

Makomiti Omaliza Oŵerengera

Maboma ambiri ndi madera anakhazikitsa Makomiti Oona za Malo amene anaphatikizapo oimira osapanga phindu. Makomiti ameneŵa anagaŵira chuma ku mabungwe ogwirizana ndi chitaganya ndi kupanga njira zothandizira. Mu New York City, NYCUMENTIC 2020 ] kampani za kampani zinachirikiza ndalama zoposa 100 zosapindulitsa kuti ziyendetse malo ovuta kwambiri a . Anayambitsanso ndawala yopereka malonda a pa manyuzipepala amene anaphatikizapo malonda a mafuko. Chotuluka: Zomwe za New York zinali pamlingo woposa pa avalirapo, mosasamala kanthu za kuyambitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa magubo a kanthaŵi koyambirira.

Malo Osumikapo Maganizo a M’dera Lomwe Limasamuka: California

Ku California, kumene kuli nyumba ya anthu osamukira ku dziko lina ku U.S., kampani yosapanga phindu California Counts mogwirizana ndi bungwe la Census Bureaution kukhazikitsa gulu la mabungwe oposa 7,000. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira anthu ongoyamba kumene kupezeka ndi antchito a zaumoyo ndi asukulu omwe anaphunzitsidwa kulankhula za kalembera panthaŵi imene amagwirizana. Makamaka, anafika ku mabanja “mixtacity [1] (pamene mamembala ena salembedwa) mwa kugogomezera kuti kuŵerengera kwa azaka za anthu ndi kuyenera kuŵerengedwa. Mgwirizanowo una unanenedwa kuti mu 2020, California inadziŵerengera kwambiri pakati pa maiko ambiri.

Kusamukira Kumalo Opanda Nyumba: King County, Washington

King County (dera la Suttle) imayendera “Pointǒin Âge” ya chaka ndi chaka ya anthu opanda nyumba, koma pa 2020 ya kubala anthu, iwo anagwirizana kwambiri ndi mabungwe a utumiki opanda phindu. Magulu onga [[FLT: 0] Commaspass Home Alliance Alliance [[FL:1] ndi Inuyo [''''nu] Mumakhazikitsa malo okwera a kanthaŵi pa nyumba ndi maprogramungwe a chakudya. Anagwiritsa ntchito maprogramupu kulola anthu kulengeza malo awo ogona ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu a m'banja. Pa tsiku limodzi mu April 2020, anaŵerengera anthu oposa 11,000 okhala ndi anthu osowa pokhala. Zimenezi zinaonedwa kuti zinali chipambano ndi ntchito zapake pa zaka zambiri za ntchito zina.

Kuyesa Kusintha kwa Zoyesayesa Zopanda Phindu

Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phindu la kuŵerenga anthu n’kovuta, koma kufufuza kochuluka ndi kufufuza kochitidwa pambuyo pa 76census kumapereka umboni wakuti iwo apambana.

  • 2022 kuchokera ku Lavership Fund ya Maphunziro inapeza kuti midzi imene inalandira masinthidwe aakulu inadzipangira mlingo wa 3-5 percents kuposa ija sinatero, pambuyo polamulira kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu.
  • Chiŵerengerocho chinasimba kuti “kutsatira kwa milandu [1] (NRFU) kumene olemba madetawo anachezera mabanja amene sanalabadire n’kosavuta kwambiri m’madera amene anthu osapanga phindu anali ndi anthu odalirika pasadakhale omanga. Okambiranawa anachepetsa maulendo apanyumba ofunikira kuti apeze yankho.
  • Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Urban Institute kunawona kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu 2020 chinali chocheperapo kwambiri kuposa chimene chinalingaliridwa kwa magulu ambiri ovuta a [1] , monga ngati mabanja a Akuda m’matauni, mwapang'ono chifukwa cha ndawala zazikulu za chitaganya zolinganizidwa ndi osapanga phindu.

Kuposa ziŵerengero, zotsatirapo za kuchuluka kwa anthu zikuonekera. Kaŵirikaŵiri zopanda phindu zimafikira anthu amene boma lilephera kuwakhudza. Mwachitsanzo, wodzifunira wa ku Vietnam wolankhula kuchokera ku [[FLT: 0] Anthu Boat SOS angafotokoze kuŵerenga kwa anthu pa kalasi la chilankhulo cha mlungu wa mlungu, kufikira akulu amene amaonerera TV ya fuko lokha ndi kukana kuyankha foni kuchokera ku manambala osadziŵa. Zimenezi, kugwirizana kwaumwini komwe kuli kosakhala kosinthika.

Ntchito Zolimbikitsa Kuŵerenga Anthu Mopanda Phindu

Kuti athandizire kwambiri anthu amene akugwira ntchito yoŵerengera anthu m’tsogolo mosafuna phindu, anthu amene amakometsera ndalama ndiponso anthu amene sapeza phindu ayenera kutsatira njira zingapo.

Kupereka Ndalama Pachiyambi ndi Panthaŵi Pake

Kuŵerenga kopanda phindu kukufunika kwambiri tsiku la kuŵerenga kuti kukhale ndi maziko a zinthu, sitima, ndi kukulitsa maunansi. Kuŵerengera kwa 2020 kunapanga kuchuluka kwa ndalama kwa boma kupyolera mwa Act ya CARES, koma magulu ambiri anakupeza kukhala kovuta kuchepetsa mofulumira. Chitsanzo chabwino chikakhala kupatsa ndalama chaka chimodzi kapena ziŵiri pasadakhale, kulola opereka ndalama kulipira antchito a nyengo, kuyendetsa ndege, ndi zinthu zoyesera.

Chichirikizo cha Luso ndi Zachidziŵitso

Anthu ambiri osapanga phindu satha kuyang'anira kuŵerengera zinthu kwakukulu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kalembera. Zida monga “Chipangizo Chothandiza Kutulukira Malo a Ufulu wa [1] Ogula zinthu ndi mameseji a dzikolo ayenera kupereka chithandizo cha zopangapanga, mapulogalamu aulere, ndi maphunziro a mmene angagwiritsire ntchito njira za malo osungira zinthu (GIS) kuti apezere malo a pansi pa madera a 76omponese.

Kutetezedwa Mwalamulo ndi Mtseri

Kuti zinthu zikhale zothandiza, ayenera kutsimikizira makasitomala awo kuti kuchita nawo kalembera n’kotetezeka.

Kugwirizana ndi Boma

Kupeŵa kutsanzira khama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za wina ndi mnzake, phindu losapindulitsa ndi mabungwe a boma ayenera kupanga mgwirizano. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo maphunziro a kalembera wa anthu, njira zolankhulirana, ndi zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito. “Bungwe la Census Bureau la Census" limachita kale zimenezi, koma kuwonjezera ndi kutsimikizira kuti mabungwe aang'ono a udzu ali ndi mpando pathebulo likhoza kuwongolera zotsatirapo.

Kumaliza: Kufunika Kosapitirira kwa Utsogoleri Wopanda Phindu

Chiŵerengero cha zaka zonse chimakhala kuŵerengera kwa ku America kwa demokrase ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, komabe chipambano chake chimadalira pa kukhala ndi phande kotheratu kwa chitaganya chilichonse. Magulu okhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito . "ammigrant, anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, anthu opanda pokhala, olankhula Chingelezi, ndi ana m’mabanja otsika ndipo olephera kupambana okha. Mabungwe osapanga ndalama ndi ogwirizana nawo chifukwa chakuti abweretsa chikhulupiriro, kuzoloŵera kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kukhala ndi anthu kwanthaŵi yaitali m’midzi imene imafunikira thandizo lalikulu. Ntchito yawo imawonjezera kugawanamo, kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa moyo, ndipo imachititsa kuti chuma ndi kuimira ndale zadziko zigawiridwe bwino kwambiri.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, mavuto a kalembera wa 2030 angaphatikizepo mitundu yatsopano ya kugaŵidwa kwa makompyuta, kupitirizabe kuwopseza zachinsinsi, ndi kusakhulupirira boma kosalekeza. Kulimbana ndi mavuto ameneŵa, kuikizira zinthu zopanda phindu m'dera limodzi kuyenera kukhala chinthu choyamba kwa boma, boma, ndi maboma. Maziko a Philanthrop, ayeneranso kuzindikira kuti kugawidwa kwa anthu ndiko maziko a ntchito yawo yolimbikitsa kutengamo mbali m’boma ndi kukwaniritsa. Ngati phindu la ntchitozo likupatsidwa mphamvu yotsogolera, munthu aliyense amaŵerengera $5 / ndipo munthu aliyense amaŵerengedwa.