Nthambi Zitatu za Boma Zinalongosoledwa: Chitsogozo Chanu Chokwanira ku Dongosolo la Demokrase la America

Kuwonadi kopanda pake kumeneku kumasiyanitsa dziko la Amereka ndi demokrase . Mmalo mwa kukhulupirira zolinga zabwino, Konsichushoni imapanga zisonkhezero zomangira nthambi kuti zichepetsene. Ndi njira yolinganizidwira kuswana kumene nthaŵi zina kumatulutsa akuluakulu a boma.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Pali Nthambi Zitatu, Osati Ziŵiri Kapena Zinayi?

Malo a atatu-branch sanali osapeŵeka. Mayeso ena ophatikizapo:

• Woyang’anira (atsogoleri ambiri)
• Nyumba yomanga nyumba ya malamulo ya munthu mmodzi (chipinda chimodzi chosonkhanira)
• Oweruza oikidwa popanda ulamuliro wa kudziimira paokha
• Nthambi yachinayi yosungitsa umphumphu

Nthambi zitatu zinatuluka bwino chifukwa:

Kapangidwe ka triartite kamajambulanso ntchito zazikulu za boma: kupanga malamulo (amene amachititsa), kuwagwiritsa ntchito (kudula), ndi kuthetsa mikangano (zauchigawenga).

Nthambi Yolamulira: Oimira Anthu

Malo ndi Kuika Malo

[[FLT: 0] Conrer [[FLT :1] imaimira nthambi ya demokrase yoposa, yoŵerengera mwachindunji kwa ovota kupyolera mwa masankho anthaŵi zonse. Malamulo a bimaral (2-chambre) amasonyeza kulolera kwina (kutsatira kuimira kwa demokrase ndi kulingana kwa boma.

Nyumba ya Oimira: Democracy yomwe ikuchitidwa [

Mamembala 435 a Nyumbayo (omwe ali ndi nambala imeneyo kuyambira mu 1929) akuimira zigawo za anthu pafupifupi 760,000. Zimenezi zimachititsa akuluakulu a boma kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, kuyang'anizana ndi chisankho zaka ziŵiri zirizonse.

Mawonekedwe a nyumba:

• Kuimira kwa polisi kumatanthauza maulamuliro aakulu
• Mawu omveka kwambiri amasunga ziŵalo zikulabadira lingaliro la anthu
• Malamulo ambiri osavuta kumva amatheketsa kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira
• Makomiti opanga akulitsa ukatswiri wa malamulo
• Wolankhula ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu yokonza zinthu

Nyumba imakhala mawu a demokrase, imavomereza mwamsanga malingaliro a anthu. Mamembala ake kaŵirikaŵiri sapeza chisungiko cha ntchito chifukwa cha kulingalira kwanthaŵi yaitali koma amapambana pa kuwona mphepo zandale.

[[ML:0] Nyumba ya Malamulo: Kufeŵetsa [1]

Mamembala 100 a Nyumba ya Malamulo .2 pa dziko lirilonse mosasamala kanthu za chiŵerengero cha anthu [1] Kusunga zilozero za chaka chimodzi ndi chitatu chimodzi choyang'anizana ndi chisankho zaka ziŵiri zirizonse. George Washington adanena kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ikakhala "kholi" lamulo la pa Nyumba monga ngati msuzi wa tiyi.

Makhalidwe a nyumba ya malamulo:

Maulamuliro a Nkhondo [1]: Nyumba za akulu zokha ndizo zingalengeze nkhondo, ngakhale kuti mapresidenti apeza njira zochitira zimenezi mwa "nkhondo" ndi "machitidwe a boma". Chigamulo cha War Powers kuyesa kuchepetsa ulamuliro wa utsogoleri wankhondo.

Kuzembera Ulamuliro [1]: Nyumba za malamulo zimafufuza zochita za akuluakulu, zikalata zapansi, ndi kukakamiza umboni. Kuweruza kwa bungwe la Congress kungawononge ntchito ndi malamulo obwezera.

[[FLT: 0] Mphamvu ya Kusintha [1]: Nyumba imalemba (mapepala) pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo imayesa kutsutsa konse. Njira ya nyukiliya imeneyi yagwiritsiridwa ntchito kanayi motsutsana ndi mapresidenti.

Constitugation : Msonkhano ungapereke ziwonjezeko ndi mbali zazikulu ziŵiri, kuyambitsa kusintha kwa malamulo.

Kusintha kwa kampaniyo [1]: Commerce : Commerce Claus wakhala mphamvu yaikulu koposa ya Congress, kulungamitsa lamulo la zaumoyo, zoyenera za nzika, chitetezo cha malo okhala, ndi zina zambiri.

Mmene Mabungwe Amagwirira Ntchito

Matembenuzidwe a buku lophunzirira la [[FLT: 0] mmene Nyumba za Malamulo zimaperekera malamulo [[[FLT: 1] imabisa choonadi cholakwika:

Committee Domincide [[FL:1]: Ntchito yambiri imachitidwa m’makomiti ndi makomiti kumene ziŵalo zimakulitsa ukatswiri. Mipando ya makomiti imakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa zimene zikupita patsogolo.

Party Control : Chipani chochuluka chimalamulira ndandanda, kuikidwa kwa makomiti, ndi njira zapansi. Partisan polation yapangitsa lamulo la bipartisan kukhala losoŵa kwambiri.

Froming From From : Zokonda zapadera zimagwiritsira ntchito ofikira olembedwa 11,000, omwe amawononga $3.5 biliyoni pachaka kusonkhezera malamulo. Ndalama zambiri zinalembedwa ndi olandira alendo.

Nkhondo Zachibadwidwe : Makamaka mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, njira za arnea zonga filbusters, zimagwira, ndi kuyanjanitsa zimagamula zotulukapo zoposa kuyenerera.

Kupalira pepala la Log ndi Mahatchi oyendera [1]: Mavoti a anthu a malonda, kuwonjezera ziwonjezeko zosagwirizana, ndi zopereka zomangira mgwirizano. Zotsatirapo zake kaŵirikaŵiri ndizo ndalama zosamvetsetseka za ambui ndi aliyense amene amamva bwino.

Chiyambukiro cha Malamulo pa Moyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Zosankha za kugamulapo [[[FTL:1] zimakhudza mwachindunji nzika kupyola:

• Policy : Ndalama zonse zotsala za malamulo a misonkho
• Kusamalira [1]: Medicare, Medicaid, ndi ACA malamulo a m'Bungwe la Malamulo
• Kuphunzitsa [1]: Ndalama za maphunziro a Federal ndi maprogramu a ngongole za ophunzira
• Mapulogalamu [1]: Ndalama za mlengalenga, kumanga mabwalo a ndege, kufutukuka kwa nkhokwe
• Chisungiko cha Sacial: Pindulani ndi nyengo ya kupuma pantchito
• [[ML:0] Malamulo apamwamba[[ML:1]: Kuyera mpweya ndi miyezo ya madzi
• Chitetezo cha Thupi : Kutulutsa chisungiko, malamulo a zachuma, zoyenera zachinsinsi

Nthambi Yotsogolera: Kukwaniritsa Chifuniro cha Anthu

Utsogoleri: Woposa Munthu Mmodzi

Pamene kuli kwakuti pulezidenti imagwirizanitsa nthambi ya akuluakulu, imaphatikizapodi mamiliyoni a antchito kupyola mazana ambiri a mabungwe. Malamulo aakulu a boma ameneŵa, amathandizira, ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu ya kukonzanso moyo wa ku America.

[[MTL:0] Mphamvu ndi Malire Osonyeza Kulamulira

Konsichushoni imapatsa mapresidenti mphamvu zakutizakuti pamene ikusiya ena olingaliridwa kapena osinthika mwa kugwiritsira ntchito:

Mphamvu za Malamulo za Malamulo [[FULT:1]:

• Kazembe wa asilikali
• Kusankha oweruza, akazembe, ndi akazembe
• Kupanga mapangano (ndi chivomerezo cha Nyumba ya Malamulo)
• Malamulo oyenera aperekedwa mokhulupirika
• Kukhululukirana ndi Kuiwala
• Kupereka Chikalata cha Mgwirizano wa Anthu

Mphamvu Zogaŵika :

• Malamulo otsogolera ntchito za boma
• Mapangano olinganiza ndi maiko akunja
• Kukhazikitsa malamulo kupyolera mwa mabungwe
• Malangizo a chitetezo cha dziko
• Zilengezo za Ngozi
• Kusalemba mawu omasulira malamulo

Mphamvu ya pulezidenti yakula kwambiri kuchokera ku masomphenya a Oyambitsa. Mapiona amakono amatsogolera zipani za ndale zadziko, malamulo opanga, ndi kulamulira nyuzi m’njira zimene mapresidenti oyambirira sanathe kuyerekezera.

Bungwe la Federal Bureaucracy: Kumene Lamulo Limayenderana ndi Zenizeni

mabungwe a nthambi opherapo [ akutembenuza malamulo a msonkhano waukulu kukhala malamulo otsimikizirika okhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku:

[[FUL:0] Madipatimenti a Cabinet[[FL:1] (15 chiwonkhetso) akugwira ntchito zazikulu za boma:

• State: malamulo ndi zokambirana za dzikolo
• Trascoy: kusonkha misonkho, malamulo a zachuma
• Defense: ntchito zankhondo ndi chisungiko
• Trusai : kusungitsa lamulo ndi kuzenga mlandu
• Interior : mapaki adziko ndi madera a boma
• Agriculture: maprogramu a famu ndi kutetezeka kwa chakudya
• [[FUL:0] Commerce: Lamulo la mabizinesi ndi kubala
• Chithandizo cha magetsi [[FL:]: Ubwino wa ntchito ndi ntchito
• HHS: maprogramu a zaumoyo ndi othandiza
• . . . . . nyumba ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matauni
• [[ML:0] Kusintha [[Mbali: 1]: Kusintha ndi chisungiko
• yosagwirizana ndi: Malamulo a zida za nyukiliya ndi mphamvu ya magetsi
• Kuphunzitsa [1]: maprogramu a maphunziro a Federal
• [[FULT:0] Affairs Affairs[[FULT:1]: mautumiki ndi mapindu
• Chisungiko cha Panja pa Nyumba [1]: malire ndi kuyang'anira ngozi

[[ML:0] Makampani odziimira okha amagwira ntchito ndi ufulu wowonjezereka:

• EPA: chitetezo cha malo okhala
• [[FUL:0]NASA[[FULT:1]: Kufufuza mlengalenga
• CIA: luntha lakunja
• FC: malamulo a kulankhulana
• SEC: Uyang'aniro wa zachuma
• FTC: chitetezo cha m'bizinesi

Mabungwe ameneŵa amagwiritsira ntchito akatswiri olemba nkhani zimene amapanga malamulo atsatanetsatane ogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a msonkhano. Lamulo lachidule la kutsimikizira "madzi oyera" limakhala masamba zikwi zambiri a malamulo a EPA osonyeza milingo yovomerezeka ya kusanthula.

Malamulo a Olamulira ndi Mphamvu Zauyang’aniro

Malamulo otsatizana [[FLT :1] amalola maulamuliro kutsogolera ntchito za boma popanda chilolezo cha msonkhano. Ngakhale kuti sangathe kupanga malamulo atsopano, angayambukire kwambiri kutsata malamulo:

• Lamulo la Lincoln la Kulemba la Chidziŵitso linali la akuluakulu
• Kuthandiza kwa Ajapani a FDR kunachitika kudzera mwa lamulo la akuluakulu
• Truman analekanitsa asilikali ndi lamulo la akuluakulu a boma
• Mapresidenti aposachedwapa agwiritsira ntchito maoda a malamulo a anthu osamukira m’dziko, kachitidwe ka nyengo, ndi miliri

Malo oletsa mphamvu ameneŵa ndi oletsa zinthu ndi oletsa zinthu zina ndi zina.

Ulamuliro Wauchifumu Wamakono

Mtsogoleri wa boma wasonkhanitsa mphamvu Oyambitsawo amene sanazilingalirepo kuti:

National Security State : Mapresidenti akuchititsa ntchito zankhondo popanda chilolezo cha bungwe, kusungitsa maprogramu a luntha lachinsinsi, ndi kudzinenera kukhala ndi mwaŵi wapamwamba wa kumaniza chidziŵitso.

Boma loyang’anira [1]: Nthambi yaikulu imasintha bwino malamulo, nthaŵi zina cholinga chachikulu kwambiri.

Media Dominance : madenti amaumba malingaliro a anthu mwa kukhala ndi nkhani zoulutsidwa nthaŵi zonse, kugwiritsira ntchito "Apulpot" kukakamiza Msonkhano.

Party Leadership : Mapresidenti amakono amatsogolera maphwando awo, kusonkhezera misonkhano ya malamulo ndi zinthu zofunika.

Otsutsa amatsutsa zimenezi kuti kuchititsa "utsogoleri wa boma" kuwopseza kugaŵikana kwa maulamuliro. Otetezera amanena kuti zitokoso zamakono zocholoŵana zimafuna utsogoleri wamphamvu.

Nthambi ya Oweruza: Kuchinjiriza Lamulo la Malamulo

Makonzedwe a Khoti Lalikulu

nthambi ya judicial [ ili ndi mipata itatu, iliyonse ikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana:

Makhoti a Malamulo : Makhoti ozenga milandu kumene milandu ya boma ikuyamba

• 94 makhoti a chigawo kuzungulira maboma ndi magawo
• Oweruza a chigawo 677 amasamalira milandu 400,000+ chaka chilichonse
• Ponse paŵiri milandu yaupandu ndi mikangano yachiŵeniŵeni
• Mayeso a kuyesa kuti atsimikizire zoona

['Kukopa] Mafomu : mlingo wa pakati

• 13 Makhoti a dera akupenda zigamulo za khoti
• 179 oweruza oweruza okhala m'mabungwe atatu oweruza
• Muziganizira kwambiri zimene munalakwitsa, osati zimene munalakwitsa
• Yambani chitsanzo cha dongosolo la zinthu mkati mwa madera

Khoti Lapamwamba : Womalizira wotsutsa

• Maweruzo asanu ndi anayi oikidwa kwa moyo wonse
• Kupenda 60 - 70 omwe analipo chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku 7,000+ zopempha
• Zosankha zimakhala malamulo aakulu a dzikolo
• Palibe Chilengezo Kuposa Bwalo Lamilandu Lalikulu

Makhoti opangidwa mwapadera achita nkhani zakutizakuti:

• Makhoti Ozenga Mlandu
• Makhoti a Msonkho
• Makhoti a Asilikali
• Makhoti Ozembetsa
• Makhoti Otchuka

Mphamvu za Oweruza: Si Chigamulo Chongotsutsa

[[FLT: 0] Judicial Review [[FLT :1] : Mphamvu ya Khoti Lalikulu yapadera kwambiri . Malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo, (pamodzi ndi apansi). Woweruza wamkulu John Marshall anakhazikitsa mu Marbury v. Madison (103), kuwongolera kwenikweni democracy ya America.

Mphamvu imeneyi imatanthauza kuti zigamulo zisanu ndi zinayi zosaikidwa zingagwetse malamulo operekedwa ndi oimira osankhidwa, kuyambitsa mkangano wa demokrase. Makhoti awononga malamulo a boma oposa 1,000 ndi malamulo 200 a boma kukhala osagwirizana ndi malamulo a boma.

Sata Anthauzo la Aphunzitsi [1]: Makhoti amagamula kuti malamulo amatanthauza chiyani pamene chinenero chili chovuta. Lamulo la bungwe loletsa "maleke" m'mapaki [1] Kodi limaphatikizapo njinga? Makhoti amasankha, kupanga malamulo mwa kumasulira bwino.

Chitukuko cha Chilamulo cha Common : Makhoti a Federal amapanga lamulo mwa kutsata m'zochitika m'madera Congress sanakhazikitsidwe lamulo. Lamulo lovomerezeka, tort la lamulo, ndi malamulo a producted kaŵirikaŵiri amatuluka m'zigamulo zachiweruzo mmalo mwa malamulo.

Constitugational Inturoration : Mmene makhoti amasulirira malamulo amadziŵikitsa tanthauzo lawo lamakono. Kodi "ufulu wa kulankhula" amatetezera zopereka za kampani? Kodi "uchiweruzi ndi chilango chachilendo" chimaletsa kupha ana aang'ono? Makhoti amayankha mafunsowa, kukonzanso malemba a 18 oyambirira kaamba ka mavuto 21 oyambirira.

Ndale Zamapangano a Kuweruza

Pamene kuli kwakuti oweruza amanena kukhala osaloŵerera m'zandale, kuikidwa kwa boma [ kuli kwandale zadziko kwambiri:

[[ML:0] Komiti yogwirizanitsa zinthu [[[ML:1]:

1. Mapulani a boma amaweruza mosonyeza malingaliro awo
2. Bungwe la Nyumba ya Malamulo la Bungwe la Oimba
3. Nyumba ya Malamulo Yokwanira Imalimbikitsa Kapena Kukana
4. Oweruza otsimikiziridwa amaikidwa kukhala kwa moyo wonse

Bungwe la Konsati lakana kuona kuti ndi bwino kuvomereza kuti anthu ena apanga zida za nyukiliya.

[[FLT: 0] Kulinganiza kwa kampaniyo [1]: Kulemba kwa malingaliro kwa Khoti Lalikulu kumaumba lamulo la America kwa mibadwo. Ochuluka 6-3 osunga mwambo anachokera ku ntchito yapadera ndi kuuma kwa ndale zadziko, kusonyeza mmene kuika malamulo achiweruzo kumayambukirira malamulo.

Milandu Yochititsa Chidwi: Mmene Makhoti Amasinthira Chikhalidwe cha Anthu

Zosankha za mwambo zasintha America mofanana ndi lamulo lirilonse:

Marbury v. Madison (1803) : Kupenda kwachiweruzo kokhazikitsidwa, kupanga makhoti nthambi olingana

red Scott v. Sandford (1857) [1]: Olengezedwa Aamereka a mu Afirika sangakhale nzika, kuthandiza kuyambitsa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) : Kugwirizana "Kosiyana koma kolingana" kulekana

Brown v. Board (11954) : Kupatula kopotoka, kuyambitsa gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) : Apolisi ofunikira kudziŵitsa okayikira zoyenera

Roe v. Wade (1973) [1]: Kuzindikira kuyenera kwa kuchotsa mimba (kuwonjezedwa 2022)

Citizens United (2010): Kuloledwa kuwonongetsa ndalama za makampani andale zadziko zosaikika

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) : Ukwati wovomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi chiwerewere m'dziko lonselo

Zigamulo zimenezi zimasonyeza mmene makhoti amapangira malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri akumapita patsogolo kapena kulepheretsa kusintha mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro a anthu kapena zosankha za malamulo.

Machenjezo ndi Kulinganizika: Dongosolo Likugwira Ntchito

Mmene Nthambi Iliyonse Imayang’anira Ena

macheke ndi madeko a dongosolo amapanga utoto wovuta wa ziletso zoyendera limodzi:

[[ML:0] Kuyang'ana Wolamulira [[Foto:1]:

• Zitsimikizo kapena kukana kuikidwa kwa pulezidenti
• Kukaniza kapena kukana mapangano
• Chimalanda mavetoe a pulezidenti
• Amalamulira bajeti ya kampani
• Apolisi akugwira ntchito
• Atsogoleri a boma ndi kuwachotsa

Kufufuza Chipinda :

• Kutsimikizira kapena kukana oweruza
• Asankha ulamuliro wa khoti
• Kukhazikitsa malipiro achiweruzo
• Kukhoza kuweruza
• Zifukwa zotsutsa malamulo a boma

Wokhazikitsa Kufufuza Congress:

• Malamulo
• Mafoni apadera
• Limavomereza Lamulo
• Imaswa malamulo mosamala
• Kufalitsa nkhani za kusaina

Presidenti Afufuza Chiudia [1]

• Kusankha oweruza onse a boma
• Apandu a boma
• Kum’menya kapena kunyalanyaza zimene khoti linagamula

[[ML:0] Courts Kufufuza Nyumba za Malamulo :

• Malamulo sagwirizana ndi malamulo
• Amamasulira malamulo
• Kupenda njira za bungwe

[[FUL:0] Courts Kufunafuna Pulezidenti:

• Maoda a akuluakulu a boma akupenda
• Umboni wa akuluakulu a bungwelo
• Apenda zimene ananena kuti ndi ulamuliro wa pulezidenti

Pamene Machenjera ndi Kulinganizika Zikusweka

Masitepe anthambi asunga mphamvu yawo mwansanje; koma kodi chichitika nchiyani ngati satero?

[[FLT: 0] Parisan Manust : Pamene chipani chimodzimodzicho chilamulira nthambi zambiri, kulephera. Nyumba za malamulo sizingafufuze tchimo la pulezidenti, kapena makhoti angachedwe kugwirizanitsa boma.

Constigational Hardball : Mantha ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yalamulo yokulirapo mmalo mwa kusonyeza kuletsa. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo ziwopsezo zopinga kukhoti, kugaŵiridwa kwa malo ochezera, ndi zigamulo zamwadzidzidzi.

Norm Erosion [[FLT :] macheke ambiri amadalira pa malamulo osalembedwa [1] onga mamembala anena za mapresidenti pa mayeso a mabwana kapena mapresidenti ovomereza zigamulo za khoti. Pamene malamulo akuwonongeka, macheke amwambo samakhala okwanira.

Kufooka kwa kampani : Nyumba za malamulo zapatsa mphamvu akuluakulu kupyolera mwa nthumwi zazikulu ndi kulephera kuyang'anira nkhondo za pulezidenti. Makhoti akulimbana kukakamiza zosankha popanda kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu.

Nthambi Zitatu M’vuto Lamakono

Ntchito ya Nyumba za Malo Otentha

Canfer imayang'anizana ndi mavuto ambiri ofooketsa mbali yake ya malamulo:

[[FLT: 0] Kusintha [[FLT :]: Mpata pakati pa mapangano wafika pamiyeso ya mbiri. Lamulo la Bipartisan latsala pang'ono kutha. Ziŵalo za gulu la voti zimatenga 90% ya nthaŵiyo.

Gridbock : Boma logaŵanika limaletsa. Malamulo aakulu amafuna kulamulira kapena mavuto. Ntchito monga kulinganiza bajeti imakhala nkhondo yogaŵana.

Kusintha : Nyumba za malamulo zopereka malamulo osatsimikizirika olola mabungwe kukwaniritsa tsatanetsatane. Zimenezi zimapeŵa zosankha zovuta koma zimapatsa mphamvu za malamulo kwa abusa osaikidwa.

Chiphuphu cha Ndalama [1]: Ziŵalo zimathera maola ambiri pakupereka ndalama tsiku ndi tsiku. Opereka ndalama ndi zinthu zapadera zasintha kwambiri. Kudalira anthu pa Congress kumayendera pamodzi pafupifupi 20%.

Kulamulira Mopambanitsa

Apresidenti mowonjezereka kulamulira popanda kutchulidwa:

Maulamuliro a Nkhondo [1]: Mapresidenti amenya nkhondo popanda chilolezo cha msonkhano. "Nkhondo pa Upandu" yatha zaka 20+ pansi pa zilolezo zosatsimikizirika.

Zilolezo zoyendetsera [1]: Mapresidenti amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo kukhazikitsa malamulo okanidwa. Kusintha, nyengo, ndi malamulo a zaumoyo amasinthana kwambiri pakati pa maulamuliro.

Mphamvu za nerfect Powers : Mapresidenti amalengeza zamwadzidzidzi kuti aleketse Nyumba za Malamulo. Oposa 30 "makampani" adakali okangalika, zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.

[[FLT: 0] Boma loyang’anira [1]: Mphamvu ya makampani yopanga malamulo kudzera mwa malamulo. Malamulo aakulu amapangidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma mmalo mwa akuluakulu osankhidwa.

Kuweruza Koletsa

[[FUL:0] Courts imayang'anizana ndi zitokoso zotsimikizirika:

Kusintha zinthu [1] : Kuweruza ndiko nkhondo zotsutsa. Zolungama zimaonedwa kukhala zandale m'malo mwa kukhala andale.

Activism Directing Ilations : Makhoti onse aŵiri amaimba mlandu makhoti kuti amalamula kuchokera ku benchi pamene zigamulo zimatsutsana nawo. Kudalirana kwa anthu m’makhoti kukuchepa.

Mavuto okakamiza : Makhoti alibe magulu ankhondo kapena bajeti. Mphamvu yawo imadalira pa kugwirizana kwa nthambi zina. "John Marshall wapanga chosankha chake; tsopano asungitse.

qualior-Majoritarian Trimpy : Oweruza osasankhidwa akugwetsa malamulo otchuka akudzutsa nkhaŵa za demokalase. Kodi oweruza asanu ndi anayi ayenera kuchotsapo mamiliyoni a ovota?

Mmene Nthambi Zitatu Zimakhudzira Moyo Wanu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Chiyambukiro cha Chuma

Mbali iliyonse ya chuma cha moyo wanu imaphatikizapo nthambi zonse zitatu:

[[FUL:0] Ndalama zanu zolipiridwa :

• Nyumba za malamulo zimakhazikitsa misonkho ndi malipiro ochepa
• Mabungwe oyang’anira amakana kukhoma misonkho ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a ntchito
• Makhoti amathetsa mikangano ya msonkho ndi kumasulira malamulo

[[MFUNDO:0] Zinthu Zanu zogula [1]

• Nyumba za malamulo zimapatsa anthu malamulo oteteza anthu
• Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu amakumbukira zinthu zoopsa
• Makhoti amatsutsa mlandu

[[ML:0] Mavetika Anu [[FULT:1]:

• Nyumba ya malamulo imachititsa kuti anthu azilephera kutetezana
• SEC imayang’anira misika
• Makhoti amalanga anthu onyenga

Ufulu ndi Ufulu

Kuyenera kwanu kwakukulu kumadalira pa kugwirizana kwa anthu atatu:

[[FUL:0] Ufulu wa Kulankhula [[FULT:1]:

• Kusintha Koyamba (maziko a malamulo)
• Malamulo a FCC (ogwiritsa ntchito pofufuza)
• Zosankha za khoti

Ufulu wa Kupaza :

• Kutetezera Koyamba
• Maprogramu olondera a NSA
• MLENGERI wa khoti la FISA

[[FUL:0] Kuvomereza Ufulu

• Kusintha Malamulo
• Kusungitsa Chiweruzo cha Department
• Zimene khoti linagamula pa nkhani ya malamulo

Kutetezeka ndi Kutetezeka

Nthambi zitatu zili ndi udindo woteteza:

Chisungiko cha Dziko

• Ndalama zimene bungwe la boma linapereka pomenya nkhondo
• Pulezidenti akulamulira asilikali
• Makhoti amapenda malamulo a kumangidwa

Ubwino wa Thupi

• Nyumba za malamulo zimaletsa khalidwe lophwanya malamulo
• Mabungwe akuluakulu amafufuza ndi kuweruza milandu
• Mlandu ndi mlandu wa kukhoti

[[NT.0] Kutetezeka kwamphamvu

• Msonkhano umapereka chilolezo cha FDA/CDC
• Anthu ofufuza akuvomereza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo achitapo kanthu pa miliri
• Makhoti amapendanso malamulo

Tsogolo la Kupatukana kwa Maulamuliro

Mavuto a Zaumisiri

Njira zamakono zaumisiri zopangidwa ndi zinthu zapakati pa 18:

Nkhondo za pa Intaneti .: Ndani amalola kuukira kwa pa Intaneti?

[[FL:0] Shurveillance Technology[[FL:1]: Kodi ndimotani mmene malamulo Olamulira Achinayi amagwiritsirira ntchito kuyang’anira kwa pa wailesi?

AI Uyang'aniro: Kodi ndi nthambi iti imene iyenera kulamulira nzeru zopeka?

[[ML:0] Sacial Media : Ndani amasankha malamulo a kulankhula pa Intaneti / Khoti, mabungwe, kapena makhoti?

Kusintha Zinthu Pambuyo Pokambirana

Kusintha kwina kukhoza kulinganizanso nthambi:

[[FULT:0] Kusintha kwa Masinthidwe :

• Kuchotsapo filimu ya mwana
• Kufutukula nyumba
• Musamachite Zinthu Mopitirira Malire
• Perekani Lamulo pa Ndalama za Ndale

Kusintha [

• Limbikitsani maulamuliro ankhondo
• Musamapereke chilengezo chamwadzidzidzi
• Oyang’anira asilikali olimbitsa mphamvu
• Chepetsani boma la oyendetsa ntchito

[[FULT:0] Masinthidwe a Chigwirizano [[FULT:1]:

• Malire a zigamulo
• Khoti Lalikulu Lofutukulidwa
• Ziletso
• Mfundo za makhalidwe abwino

Kuyesa Kubwereranso

Demokrase ya Amereka imayang'anizana ndi ziyeso za kaya ngati [[FL:0] kusiyanitsa maulamuliro [ kungapulumuke zipsinjo zamakono:

Ziyeso za Olamulira [1]: Kodi kupima ndi kulinganizika kungaletse kubwerera m’mbuyo kwa demokalase pamene atsogoleri anyalanyaza malamulo?

Kusokonezeka kwa Umisiri [1]: Kodi zinthu za 18 zapakati zingathe kuyendetsa luso la 21 lapamwamba?

Kuposerapo kwa magetsi [[FLT :1]: Kodi njirayo imagwira ntchito pamene nthambi ziwonana monga adani mmalo mwa opikisana?

Mpikisano wa padziko lonse : Kodi mphamvu zopatukana zingapikisane ndi maulamuliro ogwirizana a authoritarianism?

Mapeto ake: Manthambi Atatu a Boma Anafotokozedwa

Mantha atatu a boma amaimira kuyesa kolimba m'kulimbana kolinganizidwa. Mmalo mofuna kugwirizana, Oyambitsa anapanga dongosolo la mavuto osatha, kutchova juga kuti kulakalaka kutchuka kungasungire ufulu wabwino kuposa kudalira zolinga zabwino. Pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 250, kuyesako kupitirizabe, kuchititsa zofooka koma kupulumuka.

Kuzindikira nthambi zimenezi sikuli kokha maphunziro . Nthambi yaikulu iliyonse monga kusamala, kusintha kwa nyengo, kusalingana kwa nyengo, malamulo a tekinoloji . Nzika zimene zimamvetsetsa dongosololi zingachitepo kanthu mogwira mtima, kudziŵa nthaŵi yoperekera msonkhano, mabungwe okakamiza, kapena kuchirikiza mavuto a zachiweruzo.

Kucholoŵana kwa dongosololi kumakhumudwitsa awo ofuna kusintha mofulumira. Kupatukana kwa maulamuliro kumatanthauza kusankhanidwa kapena mtsogoleri mmodzi amene angasinthe America. Kusintha kumafuna khama lokhalitsa ku nthambi ndi milingo yambiri. Kugwiritsidwa mwala kumeneku kuli mtengo wa chitetezo ku ulamuliro wankhanza.

Komabe nyengo ya dongosololi ikusonyeza. Inapangidwa kuti ikhale yaing'ono, ya agris, tsopano imalamulira dziko lamphamvu kwambiri pa nyengo ya manambala. Nthambizi zimalimbana ndi mavuto omwe Oyambitsa saganizirapo n’komwe . Zigaŵenga zapadziko lonse, kusintha kwa nyengo, luntha, makompyuta opanga zinthu. Ngati zitsutso zapakati pa 18 zikulimbana ndi mavuto 21 osadziŵika bwino.

Kusankha maulamuliro sikuli mu ungwiro wake koma kukhoza kwake. Malamulo omwe anasunga ukapolo anatha. Madongosolo amene anakana kupatsa akazi ndalama pomalizira pake anatsimikizira. Mantha amene anatsekera Aamereka adaphatikizanso sukulu. Ufulu umenewu wa kudziwongolera, ngakhale kuchedwa ndi kopweteka, umasiyanitsa demokrase ya Amereka.

Ife monga nzika, timaloŵa m’boma lovuta limeneli. Tikhoza kutemberera kusagwira ntchito kwake kopindulitsa ndi kupindula ndi chitetezo chake. Tingafune kusintha kwinaku tikulemekeza zoletsa. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, tingatengemo mbali / / kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo, kuyang’anira akuluakulu, kudalira ufulu wa munthu wina pamene tikufuna kuti tidziyankhire mlandu.

Nthambi zitatu sizimathamanga zokha. Zimafuna kuti nzika zikhale ndi chidziŵitso cha ntchito zawo, kulemekeza malire awo, ndi kulamula kuti zitumikire anthu. Pomalizira pake, kulekana kwa maulamuliro kuli kokha kwamphamvu monga kutsimikiza mtima kwa anthu kuti adzaisamalira. Oyambitsawo anatipatsa nyumbayo; kaya ikhala yodalira pa ife.

Mabuku Owonjezereka

• Khonki.gov - nduna ya ndandanda ya chidziŵitso cha malamulo ndi kujambula
• Nyumba Yoyera.gov Chidziŵitso cha nthambi ndi zochita za pulezidenti
• Zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu ndi chidziŵitso cha khoti