Kumvetsetsa Nyengo ya Chidziŵitso

Chikalata cha Age, chomwenso chimatchedwa kuti Digital Age, sichinayambe ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha koma chinasintha mwa kugwirizana kwa computer, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi makompyuta osungira zinthu zamakono chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Makompyuta oyambirira, kuchuluka kwa makompyuta a munthu mwini m'ma 1980, ndi kuulutsidwa kwa bungwe la World Wide Web kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, zinasintha kwambiri mmene chidziŵitso chimapangidwira, kugawidwira, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Lerolino, foni ina yakhala ndi mphamvu yoyendetsa zinthu zambiri kuposa makompyuta amene anatsogolera Apollo, ndi makompyuta omwe akuyenda pa liŵiro lamoyo limene likanaoneka kukhala losatheka kuchitika mbadwo iŵiri isanafike.

Nyengo ino imafotokozedwa ndi mkhalidwe wake wowonekera kwambiri: kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Kumene mibadwo yakale inayang'anizana ndi kusoŵa kwa chidziŵitso — kolekezera ku manyuzipepala ochepa, mawailesi, ndi maprogramu a wailesi yakanema — tsopano tikulimbana ndi zolembedwa zosatha kuchokera ku mitu miyandamiyanda ya wailesi. Kusinthasintha kwa nkhani kwasinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kufikira nthaŵi. Mapulaneti a za makompyuta, madesiki a a algmist system, ndi olembedwa ndi ogwirizanitsidwa ndi olembedwa pa intaneti kukhoza kuulutsa uthenga kwa omvetsera apadziko lonse.

Kupotoza mawu kumeneku kuli ndi mapindu osatsutsika. Anthu otchuka angagaŵirena nkhani zawo. Atolankhani a nzika angalembe zochitika zimene anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza. Ochita zigamulo angalinganize kudutsa malire. Koma ziwiya zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zimenezi zitheketse kuti zolakwika, kuchotsa mawu olakwika, ndi mabodza afake, zifafanizeke mofulumira kwambiri. Nkhani yonama ikhoza kukhala ndi mavairasi opangira zolondola. Ofufuza zinthu alephera kufalitsa. Mafano ndi opeka zinthu zosokoneza pulogalamu ya pakati pa zenizeni ndi zopeka.

Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, kuyenda m’malo ameneŵa sikumangofuna kukaikira chabe — kumafuna luso lolinganizidwa limene lingaphunzitsidwe, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndi kukonzedwa bwino.

Maluso Aakulu Ofalitsira Nkhani ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Kukulitsa luso la kupenda mosamalitsa nkhani ndi mawailesi akanema kumaphatikizapo kudziŵa maluso angapo ogwirizana. Maluso otsatirawa amadziŵika mofala ndi mabungwe odziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba ndi aphunzitsi monga mbali zazikulu za chiŵiya chopimira:

  • Kufufuza: Kutsimikizira kudalirika ndi cholinga cha wofalitsa kapena wolemba.
  • Kufufuza: Kugwiritsira ntchito magwero ambiri odziimira kutsimikizira zonena.
  • Kumvetsetsa Bias: Kuzindikiritsa malingaliro a ndale zadziko, a malonda, kapena a malingaliro amene amapanga lipoti.
  • [[ML:0] Chopimira chachikale: Kugwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zapadera ndi njira zotsimikizira zonena zenizeni.
  • [[FLT :0] Media Literacs: Kumvetsetsa mmene mafashoni osiyanasiyana a wailesi, maluso opanga, ndi masiteshoni akufalitsa amayambukirira kumasulira uthenga.

Tifunika kufufuza zinthu zimenezi mosamala kwambili, cifukwa sizitanthauza kuti tiyenela kuganizila zinthu zina zimene tiyenela kuphunzila.

Kufufuza Kwake

Kumasulira kumene kuli ndi mawu kunayamba ndi mafunso ofunika kwambiri: Kodi iwo ali ndi luso lotani? Koma kodi pa Intaneti, mafunso amenewa amasintha. Webusaiti imene imatsanzira njira yovomerezeka youlutsira nkhani ingakhale yonyenga. Nkhani ya pa TV ndi otsatira a anthu zikwizikwi ingakhale yongopeka kapena yogwirizana.

Practical steps for source evaluation include:

  • Pendani tsamba la webusaiti la "Maunie" kaamba ka chidziŵitso chonena za kukhala ndi mwini, ndalama, malamulo a kulemba, ndi zowongolera. Malongosoledwe owonekera bwino amafotokoza tsatanetsatane ameneyu; yosawoneka bwino kaŵirikaŵiri imabisa izo.
  • Tayang'anani pa dzina la malo apamwamba apamwamba achilendo (monga .com.co kapena .infotainment) kapena kuphonya pang'ono kwa mappokopo odziŵika (monga "cnn-trend.com") ndi mbendera zofiira.
  • Fufuzani dzina la wolembayo kuti muone mmene anakulira ndi ntchito ina yofalitsidwa. Wolemba nkhani amene amangolemba nkhani imodzi kapena amene wakhala akulimbikitsa mfundo zachiwembu ayenera kusamala.
  • Muzigwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga Media Bias / Fact kuti mudziwe ngati njira yoonera zinthu zimene zilipo ndi yodalirika komanso yolakwika.

Njira imodzi yamphamvu yophunzitsidwa ndi Stanford History Education Group ndi "kuŵerenga kwapambuyo" — kusiya tsamba loyamba kutsegula matepi atsopano ndi kufufuza chidziŵitso chonena za magwero ndi zifuno zake. Mmalo mwa kukhala pa malo amodzi ndi kuyesa kutsimikizira kudalirika kwake kuchokera mkati, oŵerenga a pambuyo pake amagwiritsira ntchito utodi wokulira kuyang'anira nkhani. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti akatswiri ofufuza mfundo amadalira kwambiri njira imeneyi, pamene kuli kwakuti ophunzira kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala otsekerezedwa mkati mwa tsamba loyamba.

Mtanda

Kuchotsapo zinthu ndi njira yofufuzira mfundo zosiyanasiyana pofufuza nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Ngati nkhani yachitika pa webusaiti imodzi yosadziwika bwino ndipo siingapezeke kwina kulikonse, zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti si zachilendo. Koma, pamene mapulojeti ambiri otchuka anena mfundo zofananazo, kudalirana kumawonjezeka.

Kubwezeretsa kogwira mtima kumaphatikizapo zambiri osati kungotsimikizira kuti nkhaniyo ili kwina. Kulingalira kofunika kumaphatikizapo:

  • Ngati mabuku osiyanasiyana akutsutsana, fufuzaninso zambiri.
  • Nkhani yakale imene yakonzedwanso ingakhale yosathandiza kapena yosocheretsa ngati yafotokozedwa kuti ndi yamakono.
  • Ngati nkhani zonse za anthu andale kapena achuma zichokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti pangakhale vuto.

Kuchotsa mtanda kuli kofunika kwambiri makamaka pa mavairasi osonyezedwa pa manyuzipepala. Nkhani yaikulu kapena chithunzi chochititsa nthumanzi kaŵirikaŵiri chimachotsedwa pa nkhani yake yoyambirira. Kufunafuna mawu otchulidwawo m'mawu ozungulira — kugwiritsira ntchito mawu apadera, kutembenuza zithunzi, kapena kuyang'ana zinthu zofufuzira — kungavumbule mwamsanga kaya zimene zili mkatimo nzolondola kapena zogwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Kumvetsetsa Bias

Komabe, kuzindikira tsankho n’kofunika kwambiri pomasulira nkhani molondola.

  • Kusankha: Kodi ndi nkhani ziti zimene zimasankhidwa kufikiridwa ndi zimene zimanyalanyazidwa. Malo onse oulutsira nkhani amapanga zosankha zimenezi, ndipo zosankha zimasonyeza mapindu a makonzi awo.
  • Kusankha: Mmene nkhani imaperekedwera — chinenero chogwiritsiridwa ntchito, magwero ogwidwa mawu, mafano osankhidwa, ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo osonyezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kulongosola chitsutso monga "aumboni" ndi "uchiwanda" kuli ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana.
  • Parisan : Kulinganiza kopambanitsa ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko kapena malingaliro. Zopereka zimene zimatamanda chipani chimodzi ndi kululuza chinzake chisonyezero cha kusagwirizana.
  • Tsankho: Chisonkhezero cha otsatsa malonda, ochirikiza, kapena eni makampani pa nkhani za mkonzi. Nkhani zimene zingakwiyitse osatsa malonda zingatsutsidwe kapena kupeŵedwa.

Kuti mudziwe ngati munthu ali ndi maganizo olakwika, dzifunseni kuti: Kodi mawu amene amalankhula amachititsa munthu kukwiya, mantha, kapena kukwiya akusonyeza kuti pali maganizo olakwika amene alipo, kapena kodi nkhaniyo imangogwira mawu okha amene akugwirizana ndi maganizo enaake?

Komabe, palibe tchati chimene chili cholondola. Njira yodalirika kwambiri ndiyo kufalitsa nkhani kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndale ndi kuzindikira malingaliro anu — malingaliro amene amatitsimikizira kuti timalandira chidziŵitso chogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zathu zomwe zilipo kale.

Kukanthidwa

Mfundo zofufuza zakhala chilango chaukatswiri, ndi magulu onga ngati Snopes , FactC. org , [1] , ndi [[FLT] Plact [[FLT] Plact yopatulidwa kufufuza mfundo zotsimikizirika. Malo ameneŵa amapereka malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane amene ali ndi miagwero, madeti a nthaŵi, ndi zigamu (Zoonadi, Zoonadi, ndi Zoonadi, ndi zina.). Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, kudziŵa mmene angagwiritsire ntchito zipangizo zimenezi kuli luso lovuta.

Kusiyapo kudalira akatswiri ofufuza mfundo, anthu angatsatire njira ya SIFT yopangidwa ndi Mike Caulfield wa Washington State University. SIFT imaimira:

  • Ima: Musanagawire kapena kuchitapo kanthu pa chidziŵitso, imani kuti muone ngati muli ndi mawu ozungulira okwanira.
  • Kuphatikiza magwero: Kugwiritsira ntchito kuŵerenga kwapambuyo pake kuphunzira ponena za wofalitsa ndi wolemba.
  • Pezani masulidwe abwinopo: Yesani kufunafuna nkhani yodalirika ya mutu umodzimodziwo mmalo mopenda zimene ananena poyamba paokha.
  • Zonena, mawu, ndi zoulutsira mawu kubwerera ku mawu oyambirira: Mawu kapena chithunzi chingakhale chinatengedwa kupyola pa mawu ozungulira; kupeza mawu oyambirira, kufunsa, kapena chochitika kuti mumvetse zimene zinanenedwa kapena kusonyezedwa.

Njira ya SIFT inapangidwa kukhala yachangu — kaŵirikaŵiri yotenga mphindi yochepera — ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi mmene ofufuza mfundo aluso amagwirira ntchito. Kuphunzitsa ophunzira masitepe ameneŵa kungawongolere kwambiri luso lawo lakutulukira zinthu zosocheretsedwa.

Kuphunzira ndi Kuŵerenga

Kuwerenga nkhani sikutanthauza kungoona nkhani za anthu pa Intaneti kuti adziwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza malo oulutsira nkhani.

Malo othandiza popenda chidziŵitso ndiwo CRAAP, imene imaimira C [[FLT :1] ] , [[FLT :2]R levince, [[[FLT:]] A[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[5]] kusungunuka, ku [FLT], A [[FLT] kuperekera mafunso operekera ku pulogalamu ya California University, Chiko, CPRA imapereka chitsanzo cha kulongosola. Chitsanzo:

  • Ndalama: Kodi nkhani imene inafalitsidwa kapena yomaliza inakonzedwa liti?
  • Kusinthasintha: Kodi zimene mukuwerengazo zikukhudza zimene mukufuna?
  • Atsogoleri: Kodi wolemba mabuku ndi woyenerera ndi ndani?
  • Kodi pali umboni wotsimikizira kuti zimene mumakhulupirira n’zoona?
  • Cholinga: N’chifukwa chiyani pali mfundo zimenezi?

Ophunzira amene amamvetsa mmene zithunzi zingapangitsidwire kapena kukonzedwa bwino, mmene ziyambukiro zomveka zingapangire malingaliro, ndi mmene mitu ya nkhani ingawonongere zinthu zolembedwazo, zimathandizira kwambiri kuzindikira maluso amenewo pamene akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena.

Kuzindikira ndi Kuyambukiridwa Kwake

Ngakhale kuti anthu ali ndi luso lotha kupenda ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, anthu ayamba kutengera maganizo a anzawo amene angatilepheretse kuchita zinthu zina.

[[FLT: 0] Kutsimikizira kulakwika [[FLT: 1] kuli chikhoterero cha kufuna ndi kuvomereza chidziŵitso chimene chimatsimikizira zikhulupiriro zathu zomwe zilipo ndi kunyalanyaza umboni wotsutsana. M'nyengo ya Chidziŵitso, kutsimikizira kuwonjezereka ndi mapulatifomu amene amatipatsa chokwanira kuti tigwirizane ndi. Chotulukapo ndicho malo omvera kumene malingaliro otsutsanawo safikako.

Kukhoza kupezeka kwa zinthu kumatichititsa kuyerekezera kuthekera kwa zochitika zimene zawonekera bwino, zaposachedwapa, kapena zamaganizo. Kuchuluka kwa nkhani zochititsa chidwi zonena za upandu, matenda osapezeka, kapena maupandu a ndale zadziko kungasokoneze kaonedwe kathu ka ngozi ndi zenizeni.

Chiyambukiro cha kulimba kwa magetsi imalongosola mmene anthu odziŵa zochepa pa mutu kaŵirikaŵiri amapitirizira kukhoza kwawo, pamene kuli kwakuti akatswiri amadziŵa bwino za kupereŵera kwawo. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kugawana motsimikiza zonama chifukwa sazindikira kucholoŵana kwa nkhaniyo.

Chiyambukiro cha chowonadi chonyenga [[FLT: 1]] chimatanthauza kuti kuvumbula kobwerezabwereza kumapangitsa kuwona. Ichi nchifukwa chake mabodza ndi maprojekiti a kufalitsa zimadalira pa kubwerezabwereza kwa nthaŵi zonse ku mapulatifomu ambiri. Ngakhale ngati kunenako kwachotsedwa, kuzoloŵera uthenga woyambirira kukhoza kukhala mumtima.

Aphunzitsi ayenera kuphunzitsa ophunzira poyera za malingaliro olakwika ameneŵa ndi kulimbikitsa kutengeka maganizo — kulingalira za malingaliro a munthu. Zizoloŵezi zowunikira, zonga ngati kufunsa kuti "Kodi ndikhulupiriranji zimenezi? kapena "Kodi ndi umboni wotani umene ungasinthe maganizo anga?

Malangizo Othandiza A aphunzitsi

Kuphunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba m’manyuzipepala sikuphunzitsa kukamba nkhani imodzi; kuli ndi nkhani ya kusamala kwambiri pophunzitsa m’kalasi latsiku ndi tsiku.

  • Gwiritsirani ntchito zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko: Kambiranani mabodza a mavairasi amene ophunzira apeza. Kambiranani mmene amafalitsira ndi maluso amene amachipangitsa icho kukopa.
  • Phunzitsani ndandanda ya kuŵerenga kwapambuyo pake: Phazitsani phunziro la ophunzira akutsegula matepi ambiri kuyang'ana magwero, mmalo mwa kusanthula tsamba limodzi. Perekani mafunso otsogozedwa kaamba ka tab iriyonse.
  • Zochita zopimira zenizeni: Apatseni ophunzira mawu otsutsana ndi kuwapempha kugwiritsira ntchito Snopes, FactCheck .org, kapena Politifact kutsimikizira. Aloleni apereke zimene apeza m’kalasi.
  • Kufufuza mapulogalamu a nkhani za kuŵerenga ndi kulemba: Chuma cha ''''''''kufufuza ntchito ya 'Ayiki', imene imapatsa makalasi kwaulere, kuphatikizapo pulatifomu ya pa Intaneti yotchedwa checkology.
  • Kusatsa malonda kwa Alalyzi ndi zolembedwa zochirikizidwa: Sonyezani ophunzira zitsanzo za kusatsa malonda kwa nzika (makalata amene amatsanzira nkhani za mkonzi) ndi kuwapempha iwo kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa nkhani ndi kukwezedwa.
  • Akupanga kagulu "information reconf": Ku stemster, sonkhanitsa zitsanzo za nthano zonama kapena zosocheretsa ndi kusanthula zimene zinawapangitsa kukhala odalirika kapena osakhulupirika. Kukonzanso chithunzicho pamene nkhani zatsopano zibuka.

Kufufuza kungaphatikizepo kutumiza ophunzira ku wailesi, mapulogalamu a CRAAP kapena njira ya CRAFT ku nkhani zosiyanasiyana za m'nyuzi ndi kufotokoza maganizo awo.

Kumaliza

A Age Information Age yaika mtolo wapadera pa aliyense wa ife: kuchita monga akonzi athu, ofufuza mfundo, ndi ofufuza nkhani. Kugwa kwa osunga zipata amwambo — olemba zipata, olemba mabuku, atolankhani aluso — kumatanthauza kuti anthu ayenera kukhala ndi mlandu wa chidziŵitso chimene amachigwiritsira ntchito ndi kugawana. Imeneyi si ntchito imene anthu ambiri anaphunzitsidwa, koma ndi ntchito imene angaphunzire.

Mwakuphunzira maluso onga ngati kupenda magwero, kutseguka, kumvetsetsa kukondera, kupenda mfundo, ndi kulemba nkhani, ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi angayende bwino pa ndandanda ya chidziŵitso cha kompyuta ndi chidaliro. Maluso ameneŵa sangokhala amaphunziro chabe; ali ofunika popanga zosankha zodziŵika ponena za thanzi, ndale, ndalama, ndi kutengamo mbali m'zachikhalidwe. M'nyengo imene nkhani zonama zingawononge demokrase yeniyeniyo, kuwerenga ndi kulemba nkhani sikuli chinthu chapamwamba — nkofunika.

Kachitidwe kakang’ono kalikonse — kuyang’ana magwero asanagaŵire, kufunafuna malipoti ambiri asanakhulupirire mutu wankhani, kukayikira chifuno cha nkhani youlutsidwa — kumapanga malo odziŵira zinthu ovuta kwambiri. Aphunzitsi amene amaika maluso ameneŵa patsogolo sali chabe kuphunzitsa ophunzira; akutetezera maziko a chitaganya chodziŵa zinthu.