Madenga obiriŵira ndi zipupa za Urban zimaimira njira yosinthira kumanga mzinda, kupereka malamulo oyenera a malo okhala, chuma, ndi mapindu a anthu. Pamene mizinda yapadziko lonse ikulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndi kulephera kwa zinthu, madongosolo a zinthu zamoyo ameneŵa achoka pamalo opangira zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti apange matauni. Mabwana a mzindawo ayang'anira ntchito za boma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo opangira nyumba ndi nyumba zobiriwira. Mwa kupanga malamulo ochirikiza, kupereka zisonkhetso za ndalama, ndi kulimbikitsa pangano lapo anthu, angafulumize kulera ndi kutsimikizira madongosolo ameneŵa kukhala ofunika kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mabwana a m'mizinda yopititsa patsogolo nyumba ndi makoma, amapenda mavuto, ndi kuyang'kambira bwino zinthu zina zothandiza kuyendera zinthu zina monga zikhalidwe zapamwamba.

Kumvetsetsa Madenga ndi Makoma Auni: Mitundu ndi Mapindu

Kodi Madenga Audzu N’chiyani?

Madenga a green, omwe amadziwikanso kuti madenga a nyumba kapena maeco-roof, amaikidwa pamwamba pa madenga a nyumba zamakono.

  • Matsindwi obiriŵira obiriŵira [1]: zomera za sawiti zomakula zokhala pansi monga sedum, mosses, ndi udzu. N’zopepuka, zimafunikira kuthirira pang'ono, ndipo n’zoyenera ku denga la denga. Madenga ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malonda, maindasitale, ndi nyumba zogona.
  • Matsindwi obiriŵira obiriŵira [1]: Kukula kwakuya (6 masentimita kapena kuposa) kumene kungachirikize zomera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zitsamba ndi mitengo ing'onoing'ono. Zimafunikira kukonza ndi kuthirira koma zimapatsa zosangulutsa zambiri ndi mtengo wokongola, kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwira ntchito monga minda ya padenga.
  • Semi-intenten patsindwi yobiriŵira [1]: Msanganizo wosanganiza, ndi masitepe a pansi ocheperapo amene amalola kubzala mosiyanasiyana pamene adakali afupi poyerekezera ndi madongosolo a za m'magazi.

Kodi Makoma Obiriŵira Nchiyani?

Makoma a green . Amatchedwanso makoma amoyo, minda yoimirira, kapena zipupa zokhala ndi zomera.

  • Façades [1]: Kukwera zomera zophunzitsidwa kukulira pakhoma kapena pa dongosolo lozichirikiza. Nzosavuta ndipo n’zokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa makoma amoyo.
  • Makoma a moyo : Malo osungirako mbewu kapena madongosolo amene amachirikiza zomera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo fern, zaka zonse, ndipo ngakhale mitundu ya zamoyo yodyedwa. Zimafunikira njira yothirira yogwirizana ndi kukonza bwino.

Mapindu Aakulu a Mkhalidwe wa Kumalo

Madenga ndi makoma a nkhalango za green zimachititsa kuti malo okhala mizinda yambiri azikhala otukuka kwambiri:

  • Urban chisumbu chotentha chopingasa [1]: Kumera kumaziziritsa mpweya kudzera mu Evapotlansspirans, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa m'magazi ndi 3-8°F (7.4°C) poyerekezera ndi madenga ozoloŵereka. Zimenezi zingachepetse kufunidwa kwa mphamvu ya kukonza mpweya ndi kuchepetsa ngozi za thanzi logwirizana ndi kutentha.
  • Kuyendetsa madzi [1]: matsindwi a Green Green thyration ndi kusunga madzi a mvula, kuchepetsa kutsika ndi 50-90% kudalira pa kulinganiza. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya madzi otuluka m'makampani a m'makampani ndipo zimathandiza kuletsa kusefukira kwa zimbudzi.
  • Ubwino wa mpweya woyesedwa [1]: zomera zimalanda zinthu zogaŵikana, nayitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa. Mlingo umodzi wa mbali zinayi ungachotse pafupifupi 0.2 kg ya zinthu zachigawo chaka chilichonse.
  • Zipatso zachiŵindi zokometsera [1]: matsindwi ndi zipupa za Green amapanga malo a mbalame, tizilombo, ndi nyama zina za m’tauni, zikumathandizira kugwirizanitsa chilengedwe m'mizinda yogaŵikana.
  • Pokopo kuchepetsa [1]: Miyalo ndi zomera zingatenge phokoso, kuchepetsa phokoso ndi ma decibel 10 nthaŵi zina.

Mapindu a Zachuma ndi Akhalidwe

Kuwonjezera pa malo amene zinthu zili, njira zimenezi zimabweretsa mapindu aakulu azachuma ndi kuwongolera moyo:

  • Ndalama zosungidwa zopinga : Matsindwi a Green amathandiza kuziziritsa m'nyengo yachisanu ndi kuziziritsa m'chilimwe, kuchepetsa mtengo wotenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa ndi 10-30% ya nyumbayo.
  • Nyama za padenga zopakidwa [[FL:1]: Zomera zotetezera zimatetezera menu yosaloŵa madzi kuchokera ku cheza cha UV ndi kutentha kwa madzi, kuŵirikiza kapena kugwedeza moyo wa denga.
  • Ntengo ya chuma yowonjezereka[ : Nyumba zokhala ndi madenga obiriŵira kapena zipupa kaŵirikaŵiri zimafuna lendi yapamwamba ndi mitengo yogulitsa chifukwa cha kukopa ndi zitsimikizo za kusungika.
  • Urban kupangidwa kwa chakudya [[FLT: 1]: Madenga obiriŵira angachirikize ulimi wa m'mizinda, kupatsa zokolola zatsopano ndi kuchirikiza pangano la chitaganya.
  • Kukhala bwino ndi thanzi lamaganizo [1]: Kufikira ku malo obiriŵira kwasonyezedwa kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo, kuwongolera kusumika maganizo, ndi kuwonjezera chikhutiro ndi moyo wa m’tauni.

Ntchito Yaikulu ya Oyang’anira Mzinda Poyendetsa Magalimoto Olera

Mabwana a mizinda ali ndi malo apadera m'boma la m'boma. Amayang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, amagwirizanitsa madipatimenti, amalangiza akuluakulu osankhidwa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira. Mfundo imeneyi imapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi maziko omanga madenga obiriwira ndi zipupa. Mabwana a m’mizinda aluso amazindikira kuti madenga a biriŵiro ndi zipupa siziri chabe zinthu zachilengedwe koma kusungitsa ndalama zimene zingachepetse ndalama zofunikira pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezera mphamvu, ndi kuwongolera thanzi la anthu.

Kusintha Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito ndi Kukonzanso Malamulo

Njira yoyamba imene manijala wa mzindayi amagwiritsira ntchito polimbikitsa madenga ndi zipupa zobiriwira ndi kukonza malamulo a m’deralo.

Malamulo Omanga ndi Zondinansing Orndines

Mizinda ina yaphatikiza malamulo a denga la denga ndi madefa awo omanga. Mwachitsanzo, Green Roof Bylaw (2009) imalamula kuti nyumba zatsopano za malonda, maindasitale, ndi zokhalamo zikhale ndi malo otsikirapo oposa 2,000 m2 zimaphatikizapo denga lobiriŵira lophimba 20-60% ya malo a denga omwe alipo. Mabwana a mzinda angasunge malamulo otero mwa kuchita maphunziro odzikongoletsa, kuchititsa osunga matabwala, ndi kulinganiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito ma maadiresiti a nthaŵi. Zoning . Zoning . Zoning [1] Monga zigawo zina zowonjezereka za chigawo kapena zotsika zofunika zomangapo zokhala ndi madenga kuti apereke makoma obiri obiriŵira kapena madenga modzifunira.

Zopereka ndi Zobwezera

Mabwana a mizinda angapange ndi kulimbikitsa maprogramu olimbikitsa anthu kuti achepetse mitengo imeneyi:

  • Throught kapena mabakishoni [1]: kupereka msonkho wa nyumba ndi matsindwi obiriŵira. Mwachitsanzo, Theocracy for Green Roofs imapatsa ndalama za msonkho wa chaka chimodzi wokwanira $5.23 pamiyendo isanu ndi itatu ya denga la biriŵili.
  • Opereka ndi ndalama zothandizira : perekani chithandizo cha ndalama kwa eni katundu, monga Chicago Green Roof Grants program, imene imakuta mpaka $10,000 paprojekiti iliyonse.
  • Stormwater for force : Maboma ambiri amalipira zinthu zozikidwa pa malo osatetezeka. Mamanejala a mzinda angapange maprogramu a ngongole amene amachepetsa ndalama zolipirira nyumba ndi denga la tsindwi limene limayang'anira madzi a mkuntho pa ziwiri.
  • Ndalama zokongola kwambiri kapena kubwezera ndalama [1]: Kukhazikitsa thumba lopatulidwa kuti kulipirira ntchito zamakono, ndi kubwezedwa kwa ngongole kuti kusungitse ndalama zoikapo mtsogolo.

Kulola ndi Kupenda Zinthu Mofulumira

Oyang'anira mzinda angaletse kulera ana a anthu ena. Makampani a mizinda angakonze njira yofulumira yolowera denga ndi makoma. Akhozanso kupanga malangizo a zomangamanga ndi mapulogalamu ovomerezeka amene amachepetsa njira yovomerezeka.

Ntchito Zodziŵitsa Anthu, Maphunziro, ndi Zochitira Chionetsero

Ngakhale malamulo olinganizidwa bwino adzalephera popanda kugulitsidwa ndi anthu. Mabwana a mizinda angatsogolere mkupiti wophunzitsa anthu okhala m’mizinda, omanga, ndi eni nyumba ponena za mapindu a madenga obiriŵira ndi makoma:

Malo Ogwirira Ntchito ndi Maphunziro a Umisiri

Mamanejala a mizinda angakonze malo opangira mapulani, mainjiniya, ndi omanga zinthu pa ntchito zabwino kwambiri zoika ndi kukonza. Kugwirizana ndi mayunivesite akwanuko kapena zinthu zosapindulitsa kungapangitse kuti anthu azikhulupirira ndi kuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Portland Bureau of Environmental Services umapereka malo ochitira mapulogalamu aulere a madenga obiriŵira ndi kukonza mapulogalamu ake a Green Street.

Zochita Zosonyeza Anthu Onse

Mabwana a mizinda angapereke ndalama zomangira ndalama zamalikulu kuti aike madenga obiriŵira ndi makoma pa nyumba za anthu onse [1] Maholo a mizinda, malaibulale, malo ozimira moto, kapena malo osungirako anthu. Maprojekiti oonekawa sangolimbikitsa anthu kuti atengedwe ndi kuikidwa m’zipinda za anthu okha komanso amaperekanso malaboletale oyendera ntchito ndi kuyeretsa. Mwachitsanzo, denga la Boston City Hall la biribiri, loikidwa mu 2010, lakhala chiwiro chophunzitsira ndi chizindikiro cha kudzipereka kwa mzindawo kuti upitirize kusungika.

Malo Ofufuzira Zinthu pa Intaneti ndi Mabuku Ophunzirira Kachilomboka

Kulemba zinthu pa Intaneti zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa zinthu zina zokhudza malowo, makampani ovomerezeka, mabuku olemba zinthu zakale, ndiponso mfundo zosamalira malowo kungathandize kuti zinthu zisalowe m’mizinda ina.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Ogwirizana ndi Kugwirizana kwa Oyendetsa Mtanda

Kukweza matsindwi obiriŵira ndi makoma kumafuna kugwirizana m'madipatimenti ambiri a m'malomzindawo , ntchito zapoyera, mapaki, zoyendera, ndi kutukuka kwa zachuma. Mabwana a mizinda ali ndi malo apadera kuti akhazikitse osunga mamtengo ndi kugwetsa . Iwo angakhazikitse Gawo la Green Infrastructuras Task Gand kapena kuika wogwirizanitsa wodzipereka kuyang'anira ntchito.

Mabungwe ogwirizana ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu, monga Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Alliance, kapena makampani a magetsi amene amapereka mphamvu zothandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu angakulitse. Kuphatikiza pa makampani a makampani a mabwinja (AD, BREEAM , STES) angalimbikitsidwenso ndi kupereka majona aakulu kapena kupendutsira kwa maprojekiti otchuka.

Kugonjetsa Mavuto: Kulimbikitsa Oyang’anira Matauni

Zotayika Zoyambirira Zazikulu ndi Kubwereranso pa Kuikiza Ndalama

Kukwera kwa mtengo wa kutsekera denga labiribiri kungasiyane ndi $10 kapena $20 pamiyendo iŵiri ndi $50 ku madongosolo aakulu, poyerekezera ndi $52 ku $52 kwa denga la denga lozoloŵereka. Mabwana a mizinda angapereke zimenezi mwa kuphatikiza zipangizo zothandizira, kuchirikiza ndalama zanthaŵi yaitali zosungidwa za moyo, ndi kutumiza ndalama zoyendera zoyendera zoyendera malo akumalo. Maphunziro ochokera ku mizinda monga Philadelphia ndi Washington, DC, amasonyeza kuti madenga obiriŵira obiriŵira amapereka mtengo wa $1.50 kufikira pamiyendo yautali 40 pa zaka zoikizirapo kaamba ka kusungidwa kwa mphamvu, kuyendetsa kwa mphepo, ndi kuwongolera kwa ndege.

Zofunika za Malo ndi Luso

Si nyumba zonse zimene zili zoyenerera kulemera kowonjezereka kwa denga lobiriŵira. Mabwana a mizinda angagwire ntchito ndi madipatimenti auinjiniya kupangira malangizo a kupima kunyamula katundu ndi kukonzanso zinthu. Makoma, nkhani monga kulowa madzi, kuthirira, ndi kusankha zomera zimafuna chidziŵitso chapadera. Kulimbana ndi wogwirizanitsa denga la denga la tsindwi kapena kulumikizidwa ndi katswiri wa zaluso kukhoza kupangitsa ntchito kupangidwa bwino.

Kusamalira ndi Kusunga Mwambo Wautali

Madenga a Green ndi makoma amafunikira chisamaliro chosalekeza: kuthirira, kubzala, kubzala, ndi kuyendera njira zoyendera. Mabwana a mizinda angachepetse mtolo wosamalira mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale osungira ndi kukonza mabuku. Makampani ena amayang'anira kapena kugula mapangano a zaka zoyambirira. Maprojekiti ao ao, ofuna kukonza zinthu monga mbali ya njira yolola, amathandizira kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kuda Nkhaŵa ya Kuyenera ndi Kupezeka

Malo a biribiri sayenera kungokhala m'malo olemera okha. Mabwana a mizinda angatsegule denga la biribiri ndi makoma m'madera osungidwa pansi pa maofesi , monga, pa nyumba za onse, malo a anthu, kapena sukulu . Monga mbali ya zokambirana za malamulo a malo okhala. Maprogramu amene amapereka zoikapo zaulere kapena zapansi pa eni mafakitale otsika angathandizirenso kutseka mpata wa kuchuluka kwa malo okongola.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Woyang’anira Mzinda wa Green Roof ndi Programu za Pakhoma

Chicago, Illinois: Programu ya Green Roof

Chicago wakhala mpainiya m'madenga obiriŵira a m’tauni, makamaka chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa mabwana a mzinda ndi malo a meya. Mu 2005, Green Roof Program ya mzindawu, ikupereka ndalama zokwana madola 10,000 pa ntchito iliyonse yomanga nyumba za denga la chigawo ndi zamalonda. Kuwonjezera apo, malo a mizindayi amapatsa nyumba za pansi pa nyumba zimene zili ndi madenga obiriŵira kapena zipupazi. Chicago chinali ndi madenga oposa 600, mamita 5.5 miliyoni. Zitsanzo zake zikuphatikizapo denga la denga la biriŵisi pa Chicago City, limene lachepetsa kutentha kwa pa denga ndi 2°F m’limwe ndipo likugwira ntchito monga malo a moyo.

Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza kuti kuphatikiza zinthu monga ndalama, kuchirikizana, ndi kusonyeza poyera, kungachititse kuti anthu ambiri atengedwe ndi makolo ena.

Singapore: Mzinda wa M’munda wa Galimoto

Kusintha kwa Singapore kukhala “Mudzi m'Munda wa Garden” kuli chizindikiro cha dziko lonse cha zomera zodetsedwa. National Parks Board (NParks), mogwirizana ndi Urban Reproduction Authority ndi Chigwirizano cha Kumanga ndi Chikulu cha Kumanga, adagwiritsiranso ntchito Landsting for Urban Spaces ndi Highsias (programu). SH imalamula kuti okonza malo obiriŵira aloŵetsedwe ndi madenga obiriŵira, masitepeni, kapena minda yokwera. Programu ya pulogalamuyi imaperekanso malo aakulu oletsa kubzala.

Mabwana a mizinda ku Singapore agwirizanitsa makoma ndi madenga obiriŵira kukhala mapulani a m’tauni kuyambira pachiyambi, kupanga malo ozungulira kumene kuli maziko obiriŵira. Chotulukapo: mahekita 100 a mlengalenga amamera zomera monga 2022, kuphatikizapo zinthu zokongola monga Marina Bay Sands SkyPark ndi Park Bolial on Texaring hotela. Chitsanzochi chikusonyeza mmene oyang'anira mizinda angagwiritsire malamulo owonjezera malo obiriŵira kuti apange nsa za pulasitiki.

Toronto, Ontario: Mandatory Green Roof Bylaw

Toronto anakhala mzinda woyamba wa ku North America kulamula madenga obiriŵira pa zitukuko zazikulu zatsopano kupyolera mwa Green Roof Bylaw (2009). Mamanejala a mizinda adathandiza kuŵeta lamulolo kudzera m'bungwe, kuchititsa mathebulo otchipa, ndi osunga madenga. Malamulo amagwiranso ntchito ku malonda, maindasitale, ndi nyumba zokhalamo zokhala ndi malo obiriŵira opitirira 2,000 mmmamita 2, kufunidwa ndi denga lokhalako 20 / 60%. Monga chotulukapo, masitepe opitirira 1,50 miliyoni a nyumba zobiriwira zakhala ndi madenga aŵiro aikidwa. Toronto aperekanso programu ya ndalama yosonkhezera nyumba zomwe zilipo.

Nkhani ya ku Toronto ikusonyeza kuti mabwana a mzinda angalimbikire kukhazikitsa malamulo ngati agwirizana ndi chithandizo cha makompyuta ndi maphunziro a boma.

Portland, Oregon: Programu ya EcoRoof

Program ya Portland, yoyang'aniridwa ndi Bureau of Environmental Services, imapereka zisonkhezero za ndalama ndi kulola kopambanitsa. Programuyo imapereka $5 pamiyendo iŵiri iriyonse ya makwereti kaamba ka maecoroof, ndipo katundu angapezenso chiwongola dzanja pa ndalama za magetsi a madzi otentha. Mabwana a mzinda wa Portland agwirizanitsanso zofunika za kumanga malo atsopano m'madera ovuta kuzungulira.

Pologalamu ya Portland imagogomezera anthu: mzindawo umagwirizana ndi phindu la malo ochitira zionetsero ndi kuikidwa kwa mapulogalamu. Programuyi yachititsa maecoroof oposa 600 kupitirira mahekitala 30. Ntchito ya manijala wa mzinda kuchirikiza mtanda wa . Kagulu kampatuko ndi kuchirikiza ndale zaunyinji zakhala zofunika kwambiri kuutali wa programuyo.

Zomwe Zidzachitike Mtsogolo ndi Malo Osintha a Oyang’anira Mizinda

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukamakula ndiponso mizinda ikamachuluka anthu, kukwera kwa madenga obiriwira ndi makoma kumangowonjezeka.

  • Kusintha ndi madongosolo a dzuŵa ojambula zithunzithunzi [1]: Kuphatikiza matsindwi obiriŵira ndi malo ozungulira dzuŵa [1] Kudziŵika monga “matsindwi a masana [1] --ackupng wild popereka mapindu a zamoyo. Kufufuza kwina kumasonyeza kuti kuzizira kwa zomera kungawongolere ndandanda ya dzuŵa pofika 5%.
  • Blue green blue bleak kulinganiza : Kugwirizanitsa matsindwi obiriŵira ndi makoma ndi minda yamvula, makwalala okhoza kuwonongeka, ndi madoko akupanga ndandanda ya kuyendetsa kwa madzi a m'madoko. Mabwana a mzinda angayambitse mapulani amene amawona maelementi ameneŵa kukhala dongosolo limodzi.
  • Luso la zojambulajambula ndi kuyang'anira [1]: Kugwiritsira ntchito zilembo zopimira kulondola nthaka, temperecha, ndi thanzi la zomera kumalola kukonzanso zinthu ndi kutsimikizira. Mabwana a mzinda angayendetse tekinoloji imeneyi pa nyumba za anthu kuti adziŵitse kuti ana a ana onse.
  • Miyezo yozikidwa pa proformaise: Kupita kupyola zofunika zolembedwa (m’ lekuatiso, “denga lobiriŵira liyenera kukuta 50% ya denga” kuti lizigwira ntchito (m’chitsanzo, “denga liyenera kusunga 70% ya mvula ya pachaka) ikhoza kulimbikitsa kukonza ndi kutulutsa zinthu zina ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mapikicala ndi zochepetsa za great [FLT:]: Kulimbikitsa matsindwi obiriŵira a chigawo chimodzi pasukulu, malo a chitaganya, ndi nyumba zokhoza kugula zingamange nyumba zochirikiza udzu ndi zosamalira zaubwino. Mabwana a mzinda angapereke ndalama ku maprojekiti apafupi.

Kumanga kachikwama ka madenga obiriŵira ndi makoma kumafuna kusonkhanitsa zinthu za m’deralo pa zosungiramo madzi otentha, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi, ndiponso kuthandizira thanzi.

Kumaliza

Madenga obiriŵira a Urban ndi zipupa zamphamvu zopangira mizinda, yolimba, ndi yosatha. Koma kulera kwawo sikumachitika paokha. Mamanejala a mzinda ndiwo maluwa: iwo amapanga malamulo, amapanga zipangizo, amadipatimenti, amagwirizanitsa, ndi kusonkhezera. Mwa kupanga malamulo aluso, kupereka zisonkhezero zatanthauzo, zothandizira kuphunzitsa, zoikapo, ndi kuchirikiza maprojekiti osonyeza, iwo angagonjetse malire ndi ziŵiya zobiriwira zimenezi. Zokumana nazo za Chicago, Singapore, Toronto, ndi Portland zimasonyeza kuti utsogoleri wokhazikika pa mlingo wa chigawo cha chigawo cha tauni angatulutse ntchito imeneyi. Pamene mabwana ambiri a mzindawo akutenga mbali, masomphenya a nyumba zobiriŵira ndi zipukutira, kukonza mpweya woyera, ndi kukonza misewu, ndi kubweretsa anthu ambiri.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, onani zinthu zochokera ku U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pa matsindwi obiriŵira kaamba ka chisumbu chotentha chopinga , , National Resources Defense Council ya zachuma ya matsindwi obiriŵira , ndi [FLT]City of Green Roof Program [1] tsamba [1]. Chidziŵitso chowonjezereka cha mapulani angapezeke mu [[FLT:] World Remover colution kutsogolera ziŵiro za zobiritsira ntchito za , [FLT].[FLD:]