Mabwana a mizinda amatumikira monga akuluakulu a boma la boma, kutembenuza masomphenya a akuluakulu osankhidwa kukhala malamulo ndi mautumiki amene amaumba moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu mamiliyoni. Pamene mizinda ikuyang'anizana ndi kusalingana kwa ndalama, kugaŵana kwa mafuko, ndi kupezeka kosiyana, ntchito ya mamanijala a mizinda yasintha kupyola pa mwambo. Iwo tsopano akuyembekezeredwa kukhala omanga malo apamwamba — kutsimikizira kuti malamulo a m’tauni sasunga kokha kukhazikika koma kuchotsa zopinga ndi kugaŵira chuma bwino. Udindo umenewu wowonjezereka umafunikira mwadala, kulinganiza zinthu kuti zikhale zokhala ndi anthu otchuka kwambiri. Mwa kugwirizanitsa mbali zonse za ulamuliro wa m'mizinda, mapulani a mizinda angathandize kumanga mizinda imene si yogwira ntchito ndi yosadalirika, komanso yosagwedetsedwa, komanso yosagwirizana.

Ntchito Yosintha ya Oyang’anira Mizinda M’kulamulira kwa M’mizinda

Woyang'anira mzinda wamakono amayang'anira pa misewu ya oyang'anira ndi utsogoleri. Opandanso ndalama zongoyendera limodzi ndi ntchito yopereka utumiki, iwo amagwira ntchito yothandiza kugwirizanitsa zotsatira za kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kusintha kumeneku kukusonyeza kuzindikira kwakukulu kuti kusaloŵerera m’zandale sikuli kokwanira — zosankha ponena za kumene angamange mapaki, mmene angasungire sukulu, ndi kuti madera amene ali ndi masinthidwe aakulu. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kumvetsetsa mmene mphamvu, mbiri, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu kwapanga kusiyanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dala kuwongolera masukuluwo.

Kuchoka pa Udindo Woyang’anira Kukayamba Kukhala Atsogoleri Abwino

M'mbiri, manijala wa mzinda analinganizidwa kusiyanitsa ndale zadziko ndi oyang'anira, ndi mabwana osumika maganizo pa kuyendetsa zinthu ndi kusakondera. Lerolino, lingaliro limenelo likupendedwa. Mamanejala ambiri a mizinda tsopano akugwirizana mwachangu ndi mameya, mabungwe, ndi magulu a anthu kupanga malamulo ogwirizana. Amayambitsa mabizinesi, kupenda mathero a anthu, ndi maluso atsopano: chikhalidwe, kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi luso la kulankhulana ndi malonda ovuta kwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi [FLT: 0] City/Liced Management Association (ICMA) . , icho chikaikizo chakhala mtsogoleri wamkulu wa maluso a boma, ndi maluso aungwe a boma, ndi maprogramungwe aungwe aungwe aungwe aunyire ochirikiza kuyendetsa zinthu ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Kulinganiza Zochita Zabwino ndi Chiweruzo Cholungama cha Mayanjano

Kulimbana kwa nthaŵi zonse kwa mabwana a mzinda ndiko kulinganiza kuyendetsa bwino ndi kulinganiza. Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wokwera mtengo wonga kugwirizanitsa maprogramu a pambuyo pa sukulu ku malo amodzi ungachepetse ulamuliro koma ungalepheretse mabanja m'malo oyenda. Malens amafuna mabwana kufunsa: Ndani amene ali ndi mtengo? [FLT:] Mabwana a kampani ayenera kukana dichotomy kuti kuchuluka kumabweretsa ndalama za ntchito ndi kufunafuna njira zimene zonsezo zingatheke — monga zofikira makampani ofikira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto kukafika pansi pa madera. Kuphatikiza ctive metrics kuti aonetse ntchito yake, ndi kuyendetsa bwino ndalama za boma, kungatheke kuyendetsa ntchito ya boma.

Kumvetsetsa Kuyenera m’Malamulo a M’matauni: Kulongosola ndi Zizindikiro

Kukondera kumasokonezedwa ndi kufanana. Kulingana kumatanthauza kupatsa aliyense zinthu zofanana; kuyenera kutanthauza kuzindikira kuti magulu osiyanasiyana ali ndi zosoŵa zosiyanasiyana ndi maluso. M'matauni, kuyenera kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa zopinga za dongosolo ndi kuikizira ndalama zimene zingawakhudze kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zimenezi, mapulezi a mizinda ayenera kumvetsetsa mbali zitatu: procedtural, dictriction, ndi genet ecty.

Kufalitsa, Kufalitsa, ndi Kulinganiza

Kulinganiza kwa kakonzedwe ka zinthu kumasumika pa kulephera kwa ntchito yomasulira. Kuli midzi yosapezeka — anthu a mitundu yochepera, osamukira, osakhoza kumanga, anthu osakhoza kumanga zinthu ? Zimenezi zimafuna zambiri kuposa kutsegula misonkhano; kumafuna kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomasulira, mautumiki a kutembenuza, ana, ndi malipiro a ziwalo za anthu. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo za magwero a , anthu osoŵa [[FLT] — monga ngati kuti zitsenderation: [FL:3] yogwirizana ndi katundu wa katundu waikidwa. Malo atsopano akukhala kale m'madera osauka? N’ngokwanira kuchuluka kwa anthu ena. [FT.] [FT.FFF]

Kulingana kwa Madongosolo m’Mizinda

Kusalingana kwa matauni sikunachitike mwangozi. Zaka makumi ambiri za malamulo a boma a nyumba, kulinganiza zoyendera, ndi malo akuno achititsa umphaŵi ndi kulemera kwadzaoneni. Mwachitsanzo, m’mizinda yambiri ya U.S. Akuda ambiri akusoŵabe chakudya chatsopano, kusamala za thanzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mabwana a m'mizinda ayenera kulimbana ndi mametasitaleni ameneŵa mwachindunji. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kulimbana ndi chiyeso cha kufunafuna “makampani oyendera dala" ntchito zimene zimadutsa m’malo mwake kuwonjezera kupenda, ndipo m’malo mwake kulimbikira kukhudzana ndi mavuto a m'madera ambiri. Zimatanthauzanso kugwirizana ndi mapulaneti, zigawo, zigawo za sukulu, ndi zitukuko kuti zitukuke kuti palibe bungwe limodzi lokha limene lingathetsere popanda njira imeneyi, malamulo oyendetsera bwino — monga kuchuluka kwa anthu a m'dziko — kutha kuchotsa anthu ambiri ndi kusagwirizana kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Maluso Osintha Zinthu Kuti Alowe M’maboma

Kumasulira malamulo a makhalidwe abwino kumafunikira maluso oyenerera a konkiri. Mabwana a mizinda achipambano amawona kuyenera osati monga njira yochitira zinthu yotsimikizirika koma monga maziko a chosankha chirichonse, kuchokera ku kulembedwa ntchito ndi kupezedwa kwa malo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi kusungidwa kwa anthu.

Kupanga Chosankha Chofunika Kwambiri cha Chidziŵitso

Chidziŵitso chiri chogwiritsira ntchito mwamphamvu kulinganiza. Madipatimenti a mzinda amasonkhanitsa unyinji wa chidziŵitso — pa mabotolo a upandu, nyumba, thanzi, zoyendera, ndi zina zambiri — koma kaŵirikaŵiri alibe mphamvu ya kuchotsapo ndalamazo mwa fuko, ndalama, umake, ndi chiŵerengero china cha anthu. Mabwana a mzinda ayenera kusungitsa m'mathirakiti apamwamba [masitediyabo amene amapanga ndalama zonga ngati ndalama zapanyumba ndi anthu a mnansi, ziŵerengero za chipatala cha Asma, kulowa m'mapaki, ndi kuimitsa mitengo ya apolisi. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa San Antonio’Squasts mapu oposa 60 a zipikirizo kuthandiza opanga ndalama zoikiridwa. Komabe, chidziŵitso chokha sichiyeneranso kuchepetsa chidziŵitso cha m'mudzi ndi kusungitsa chidziŵitso cha anthu ena. — Actives of the rediation tractives of trations of the trationss. — Actives proriations proriations proriations proriations prori

Zochita Zosakondera za M’chitaganya

Atsogoleri a mizinda angafune kuti anthu ambiri amve ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti omwe ali mabwenzi a anthu. [Kuyenera kumafuna kufika kupyola pa “okayikira.". Mabwana a mizinda angatsatire njira zosiyanasiyana: kuchita misonkhano m’madera ndi m'matchalitchi, kupereka kumasulira ndi kumasulira, kupereka ndalama zothandizira kugawana ndi anthu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti omwe ali mabwenzi a pa Intaneti. Chitsanzo chodalirika ndicho kulinganiza ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za kampani za boma. Njira ina ndiyo kukonza anthu okhala m’derali, kumene anthu angafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendera ndalama za mizinda. Matauni onga Chicago, New York, ndi Oakland agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira kumanga zinthu zochepa zimene za m'dzikolo. Njira ina ndiyo kukonza ndalama zoyendera ndalama za anthu okhala ndi anthu okhala ndi magulu ena oimira madera ena ogwirizana kuchokera ku madera ena.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Manda ndi Malo Opangira Zinthu

Mabajeti ndi chida chimodzi champhamvu kwambiri chotembenuza zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Popanda kuperekedwa ndalama zoperekedwa, ngakhale zolinganiza bwino kwambiri zidzafoka. Mabwana a mizinda angayendetse ndalama zosasintha — kupenda ndalama zimene kampani iliyonse imawononga kuti ione mmene imathandizira kapena kulemera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Matauni ena apanga ndalama zosakwanira, kuika chigawo cha ndalama za kampani ya maprogramu amene amachepetsa kwambiri zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020, mzinda wa Richmond, California, wopatsidwa ndalama zoposa 10% ya ndalama zake kuti athandize ku Anti-Racism ndi Equity Fund. [FL:] Ndalama zotsala ziyeneranso kuganizira ndalama za ndalama zothandizira ndalama zothandizira kumanga mapulogalamu omwe amachepetsapo. [FLD: 1]: kuchotsa maboti a galimoto zotsogola, kufupi ndi kumanga nyumba zotsika, California, California California ndi ku nkhalango zosungiramokerera zinthu zokongola ku .

Kufufuza Malamulo ndi Kukonderana kwa Ufuko

Asanatenge malamulo atsopano, mabwana a mzinda angafunikire kupenda mtundu wa anthu (REIA). Obweretsedwa kuchokera ku mbali ya thanzi la anthu, REIA apenda mmene malamulo olinganizidwa adzakhudzira mitundu yonse ya anthu koma ziŵiya zaumoyo zopitira kumbali zonga ngati thanzi, nyumba, maphunziro, ndi mwaŵi wa zachuma. Seattle anali pakati pa mizinda yoyamba kukhazikitsa REI Middle East mu 2012; kuyambira pamenepo, mizinda yambiri yatsatira bwino. Kufufuza kumeneku sikuli zopingakhudzetse mavuto a fuko koma njira zopimira zopitira. Iwo angavumbulire, chitsanzo, kuti chiletso cha kubweretsedwa kwa nyumba zowononga nyumba zapatula zikhoza kuchititsa kuwonongeka m'deralo mopambanitsa pamene zikupindula ndi chidziŵitso — chidziŵitso chimene mabwanamku amalola kuyeretsa njira za malamulo okhalapo. Kukonza malamulo apolisi obisika kukonza malamulo obisika ku pulogalamu ya mzinda wa Dotikulu. — Ayenera kukonza ndandanda a ndandanda a pulogalamu la pa pulogalamu ya pa Doko.

Kufufuza Matenda ndi Njira Zabwino Kwambiri

Kuphunzira kuchokera ku mizinda imene yagwirizana mwachipambano ndi kusonkhezera ndi kutsogolera oyang’anira mizinda. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani za m’nkhani yonse, nkhani zambiri zofala zikubuka: utsogoleri wandale zadziko, kugwirizana kwa chitaganya, kudzipereka kwanthaŵi yaitali, ndi kuphunzira kosinthasintha.

Chitsanzo M’mizinda

, Washington [1] . . . . . . . Seattle’s Race and Social Justice Initiative , inapangidwa mu 2004, ndi imodzi ya zoyesayesa zakale kwambiri ndi zomveka kwambiri za m'boma. Imaphatikizapo njira yapadera yapadera ya mzinda yonse, yovomerezeka REIAS, ndi mndandanda wa akatswiri a zachuma m'gulu lililonse. Kuyesayesa kwatsogolera ku kusintha monga kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama zopezera ndalama, kufutukuka kwa chinenero, ndi kugwiritsa ntchitonso apolisi kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a magetsi. Mfungulo ya Seattle wakhala wothandiza kwambiri ndi antchito opatulidwa.

, California [1] . Pambuyo polengeza tsankho vuto la thanzi la anthu, Richmond inakhazikitsa Ofesi ya Ufuko wa Equity ndi Sucism Fund . Ndalama, yochirikizidwa ndi kutumiza msonkho pa kugulitsa katundu wamkulu, yachirikiza maprogramu achiwawa ozikidwa pa chitaganya, ntchito zaunyamata, ndi mabizinesi aang'ono. Mabwana a mzinda ku Richmond amagwira ntchito pafupi ndi mabungwe a anthu onga RYYSE Center kutsimikizira kuti malamulo akuwunikira zokhalamo.

, Wisconsin [FLT :1] . . . Office ya Madison ya Equity ndi Social Justice imayang'anira kupenda kwa mafuko pa ziganizo zonse zazikulu za malamulo ndi ma bajeti a mzinda. Mzindawo watengeranso “mkupiti wa anthu osoŵa", kusumika maganizo pa kukweza malipiro ochepera kwa antchito a m’mizinda, kufutukula nyumba zokhoza, ndi kuikiza m'njira yogwirizanitsa anthu otsika ndi ntchito. Mkulu wa mzinda wa Madison wagogomezera kuti ntchito yapamwamba si ntchito yapambali koma thayo lalikulu la ntchito.

Maphunziro Ophunziridwa

Kudutsa zitsanzo zimenezi, maphunziro angapo amawonekera: Choyamba, ntchito ya kuyenera imafunikira kuperekedwa kwa antchito ndi kuchirikiza ndalama — palibe mzinda umene ungadalire ntchito zaubwenzi. Chachiŵiri, kugwirizana ndi mabungwe ndi magulu a udzu n’kofunika kuti munthu akhulupirire ndi kuzindikira. Chachitatu, mabwana a mzinda ayenera kukhala ofunitsitsa kuyesa ndi kuwongolera kosi; si zonse zimene zidzapambana, ndipo kuonekera bwino kwa kulephera kumakulitsa chidaliro. Potsirizira pake, kupita patsogolo n’kofooka. Kusintha kwa dongosolo la ndale zadziko kungasinthe ngati malamulo, mapangano, ndi nyumba zomangidwa zachikhalire. [[FLT:] . Gulu la .

Kugonjetsa Mavuto: Chifuniro cha Zandale, Ndalama, ndi Udindo

Kukopana sikuli kopanda zopinga. Mabwana a mizinda kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsidwa ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa amene amaopa kubwezeredwa ndi anthu olemera, kwa ogwira ntchito zaudindo amene amaona kulinganiza kukhala ntchito yowonjezereka, kapena magulu achibwana omwe amapindula ndi malo. Zovuta ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya makampani zimavuta kwambiri. Komabe, mavuto ameneŵa salephera.

Kulimbana ndi Ndale

Kutsutsa kwandale kaŵirikaŵiri kumachokera ku kusamvetsetsana kwa chuma cha mzinda — kuchepetsa ndi “pena kuchepetsako kwa umphaŵi, ndi kuwongolera mgwirizano wa anthu ena kuti apereke kwa ena. Mabwana a mizinda angatsutse zimenezi mwa kulinganiza bwino: kusungitsa ndalama m'midzi yosadalirika kumalimbitsa chuma chonse cha mzinda, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirizanitsidwa ndi umphaŵi, ndi kuwongolera mgwirizano wa anthu. Kuchirikiza kuyendetsa zinthu ndi kutchula zinthu ndi zida zamphamvu. Kusonyeza kuipitsa madera otsika olandirirako kungawonongere anthu mamiliyoni ambiri m'mautumiki ndi maphunziro amalonda. [FLT:] Kumanga mgwirizano wambiri wa ochirikiza a anthu ochirikiza ntchito zachipembedzo, kuphatikizapo magulu a chipembedzo, ndi osatchuka — kuukiranso ku mizinda ya mizinda yachitukukirapo. — Manero apamwamba a boma a boma ang’ono, ayeneranso kufunafuna phindu la kumanga makampani otchuka. — FLG.

Kumanga Udindo Wamkati ndi Ubwenzi

Ntchito yopanga imafunikira maluso atsopano: kusonkhanitsa ndi kupenda maluso opatula, kukonza mapangano ovuta, kupanga madongosolo odziwitsa, ndi kuyang'anira kusintha pakati pa mabureaucracy . Mabwana a mizinda angagwiritsitse ntchito m'kuphunzitsa antchito onse, osati atsogoleri aakulu okha. Institute equity jogals, kubweretsa kunja kwa makampani opanga ma akufaya, ndi kupanga maawilo a a ausinkhu anzawo pakati pa madipatimenti. Kusintha ndi vuto la mlingo wathunthu, koma mabwana a mzinda angakhale: kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma (G.g., kuchokera ku American PlanFreserve Act, Com Declection Grants) ku mbewu za kutsogolo, ndi mapulogalamu apadera, ndi mapulogalamu apadera enieni a .

Tsogolo la Lamulo la M’matauni Losaneneka

Pamene mizinda ichira ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi kusokonezeka kwa tekinoloji, kusagwirizana kudzakhala koipa kwambiri.

Mbali ya Luso ndi Umboni

Makampani atsopano angafutukule kapena kuchepetsa mipata ya mizinda. Mwachitsanzo, mizinda ina yanzeru, kugaŵira katundu, ndi kuneneratu kuti idzakhala ndi mautumiki abwino koma angawonjezerenso tsankho ngati sanapangidwe bwino. Mabwana a mzinda ayenera kulimbikira pa maluso a zachinsinsi: chitetezo chachinsinsi, marokoti ooneka bwino, ndi uyang'aniro wa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mizinda ina imagwiritsira ntchito njira zosonyezera kuti nyumba zikhale zokhalamo anthu opatulira, koma iyenera kutsimikizira kuti mafilimuwo akulephera kulowa m’malo amodzi. [[FL:] Digalg kutsogolonso kwa . Kukula kwa mizinda ingakukulungitsenso kulowa kwa anthu ambiri. Mabwa a WiFlunk, ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu a anthu onse a m’dziko, kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse athere. [FLG.FF]

Zitsanzo Zothandiza Kwambiri za Kulamulira

Palibe mzinda umene ungapeze ntchito yolinganiza. Mabwana a mizinda angapange kulinganiza limodzi, kupanga magawo a gulu la ogwirizana, magawo a sukulu, makampani oyendera, makampani a zaumoyo, ndi mabungwe a anthu, n’zofunika chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri oletsa thanzi, chuma, ndi mwaŵi ali kunja kwa boma. Mabwana a mizinda angayambitse kulinganiza zinthu pamodzi, kupanga madongosolo a magawo onse, ndi kulinganiza bajeti. Mapangano a anthu, kumene omanga mapangano amagwirizana ndi nyumba ndi ntchito za kumaloko posinthana ndi kuvomereza kulinganiza, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi. Wina ndi “abwino kwambiri. Mabungwe ambiri amagwirizanitsa zolinga za kulinganiza, monga kuchepetsa imfa za makanda m'ka pa zipupale. Mabwa a mzinda sayenera kuona ntchito yawo monga ngati oyendetsa ntchito apamwamba koma monga oyendetsa malo a kampani ndi owonjezera zinthu.

Kumaliza: Oyang’anira Mzinda Amachirikiza Kuyenera kwa Maulamuliro

Mabwana a mizinda ali ndi malo apadera otchuka m’matauni. Iwo sasankhidwa, koma ali ndi mlandu kwa akuluakulu osankhidwa. Sakhala andale zadziko, koma amapanga zotsatira za ndale zadziko. Sangatengere mbali , koma angapangitse chilungamo cha anthu mwa kuyang'anira. Kuloŵerera m'matauni kumakhala ntchito yosafunika kwambiri — ndiko vuto lalikulu la nthaŵi yathu. Pamene mizinda ikukula ndi kusalingana kwa anthu, zosankha zimene oyang’anira mizinda akupanga lerolino zidzatsimikizira ngati mizinda yamtsogolo ili yogaŵikana kapena yosalimba, yosalimba, yotsendereza kapena yomasula. Mwakutenga chidziŵitso, kuwonjezera mapangano, kusintha bajeti, ndi kukonzanso ndalama m’mizinda yonse, mabwana akakhala oyenerera kuimbidwa. Manejalawo angakhale oyenerera ntchito, koma audindo aakulu, ndi oyenereradi ntchito, ndipo aubwinodi. — Mwakutenga ntchito zonse.