Chiyambi: Chizindikiro cha Makhalidwe Abwino

Bungwe la National Food Security Act (NFSA) linapanga lamulo lothandiza anthu kwambiri m’mbiri ya India. Mwa kukhazikitsa anthu pafupifupi 800 miliyoni kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira. Ntchitoyi inasintha ufulu wa chakudya kuchokera ku cholinga cha kayendetsedwe ka zinthu za boma kukhala ufulu woyenerera. Lamulo limeneli limayambitsa mavuto a kuchuluka kwa anthu a m'mayiko (PDS) ndipo limavomereza mavuto a njala ndi kusoŵa zakudya zimene zalepheretsa Indiya kupita patsogolo. NSOSA si ntchito yongopereka chakudya basi. Lili njira yothandiza kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, kuphatikizapo akazi, ana, ndi okalamba.

Nsonga ya kachitidweko imaposa kuchepetsa njala yamwamsanga. Imasonyeza kusintha m'njira imene boma la India limaperekera chitetezo cha anthu . Kuchotsa ufulu wa anthu ndi kukhazikitsa ufulu mwalamulo. Mwa kukhazikitsa ufulu, NFSA imapatsa anthu mphamvu zofuna kuti adziyang'anira ndi kuyambitsa njira zothandizira kuti abwezerere. Nkhani ino ikufufuza chiyambi cha kachitidweko, makonzedwe ofunika, malamulo, zitokoso, ndi kukhazikitsa za mtsogolo, kupereka kutsimikizira kwatsatanetsatane kwa mbali yake m'kakhalidwe ka Indiya.

Mbiri ya Dziko Ndiponso Kasupe

Kuteteza Zakudya Zapampoto

2013 asanafike, dongosolo la za chakudya la India linadalira kwambiri pa Seŵero la Kugaŵira Anthu Opatsirana (TPDS) lokhazikitsidwa mu 1997, limene linaloŵa mmalo mwa bungwe la PDS. Pamene kuli kwakuti TPDS cholinga chake chinali kusumika ndalama zothandizira anthu osoŵa chakudya pansi pa mlingo wa magetsi (BPL), inavutika ndi zophophonya zazikulu, kutuluka, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mabanja ambiri oyenerera. Kuyerekezera kwa akuluakulu kunasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 40% a mbewu zapansi pa mapulaneti ana ana analephera kufika kwa oyenerera, ndipo kusoŵa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwabwino kumakhalabe kwambiri. Kufufuza kwa Banja kwa Zaumoyo (NHS3, 2005-0) kunachitiridwa lipoti kuti ana pansi pa ana ochepera pa asanu ndi 48% anali odyedwa ndi oikidwa pakati pa mitundu yokwanira yokwanira ya India.

Kukwera mtengo kwa chakudya chambiri chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2000 kunawonjezera vuto la chakudya. Vuto lapadziko lonse la 2007-08 linapangitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kukhala ndi njala, ndipo malamulo a m'banja anavutika kuti achite. Mu 2009, ku pulojekiti ya Zakudya [, bungwe la anthu onse, linakhazikitsa chikondwerero cha onse (PUIL) chimene chinachititsa Khoti Lalikulu kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuti anthu aphedwe ndi njala. Chigamu cha komiti ya chiweruzochi chinayala maziko a kachitidwe ka malamulo a za malamulo a boma oletsa kuletsa njala, ndipo chinamaliza poyambitsa nkhani ya National Food Security Bill mu 2011.

Malamulo Genesis ndi Mapangano a Zandale

NFSA inaikidwa ndi United Ercetic Alliance (UPA) ndi boma la Nduna yaikulu pansi pa Manmohan Singh, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zikalata za Nationalal Advisory Council (NAC) [1], yoikidwa ndi Sonia Gandhi. Lamulolo linayang'anizana ndi mkangano waukulu wa palamente, ndi nkhaŵa za mtengo wa malungo, kukwaniritsa ntchito, ndi kutha kuchotsa ntchito za ulimi. Commoration of India (FCI) ndi boma linafotokoza kutsutsana ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zofunikira ndi zogaŵira. Komabe, ntchitoyo inaperekedwa ndi kuchirikiza nyumba ziŵirizo, kusonyeza kutetezedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka za ndale.

Makonzedwe a Chisungiko cha Zakudya cha Dzikolo

Kumaliza ndi Zifukwa

NFSA imapereka kuyenera kwalamulo kwa kulandira chakudya chapansi pa PDS. Chikukwaniritsa: 75% ya anthu akumidzi ndi 50% ya anthu a m’mizinda, chiwonkhetso cha pafupifupi 67 peresenti ya chiŵerengero cha anthu a dzikolo. Beneficies amaikidwa m’magulu aŵiri:

  • Nyumba zapamwamba (PH)[FL: [FL:1]: Imakhala ndi makilogalamu asanu a chakudya pa munthu pa mwezi pamtengo wotsika kwambiri mpunga (33 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mpunga, 762 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya tirigu, ndi 761 pa tirigu.
  • Mabanja a Antola Anna Yoya (AY) [: Osauka osauka, amene amalandira chakudya cholemera makilogalamu 35 pabanja pa mwezi pamtengo womwewo.

Mitengo imeneyi yakhala yosasintha chiyambire kukwaniritsa ntchitoyo, mosasamala kanthu za kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu, zikumapangitsa kukwera mtengoko kukhala kofunika kwambiri.

Kuchirikiza Zakudya kwa Akazi ndi Ana

Pozindikira kuti kutetezereka kwa chakudya kokha nkosakwanira, NFSA imaphatikizapo makonzedwe akuti tidye chakudya cha amayi ndi ana:

  • Kumanga ndi kupatsa akazi mazira [1]: Kuphatikiza pa phindu la mbali la osachepera pa 76,000, yolipiridwa m'zigawo, kuchirikiza chakudya chopatsa thanzi mkati mwa mimba ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa kubadwa.
  • Ana amisinkhu 6 ku zaka 14 : Otanthauzira ku chakudya chaulere ndi chomanga thupi kudzera ku M'D SCLEAT (chakudya cha kusukulu) ndi [[FLT ] Services Development [ICDS]
  • Njira zina zodyetsera zimadziŵikitsa kuti chakudya chiyenera kupatsa ana a zaka 6 - 14 mphamvu zosachepera 500 ndi magalamu 15 a mapuloteni.

Makonzedwe ameneŵa amalinganiza kuchepetsa nyengo ya kusoŵa zakudya m’thupi yosakwanira mwa kutsimikizira kuti amayi ndi ana aang’ono amalandira chakudya chokwanira m’mawindo aakulu a kukula.

Kupanga Maluso Odziŵerengera Mlandu

Kuti agwiritse ntchito ufulu wawo mwalamulo, a NFSA amakhazikitsa njira zingapo zotetezera mabungwe:

  • State Food Commissions [FLT : Boma lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsa Boma la Zakudya kuti liyang'anire kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito, kufufuza madandaulo, ndi kulangiza boma.
  • Apolisi a Redrosance (DGROs): Pamlingo wa chigawo, apolisi amaikidwa kuyankha madandaulo onena za kukana koyenera, ziphuphu, kapena zakudya zapamwamba.
  • Mapikica a Office / : Kuyang'anira kwa chitaganya kupyolera m'mapilo a mayanjano amalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kuwonekera ndi kuŵerengera kwa kumaloko.

Njira zimenezi zikuimira kusintha kwakukulu pa njira zimene anthu anapangira zinthu zongoganizira kuti athetse vuto lawolo, zomwe zinawachititsa kuti azipindula ndi ufulu wawo.

Chiyambukiro pa Lamulo la Aindiya ndi Kulamulira

Udindo Walamulo Monga Wosintha Maseŵera

Chiyambukiro chachikulu cha NFSA ndicho kusintha kwa chisungiko cha chakudya kuchokera ku chonulirapo cha lamulo kukhala kuyenera kwa lamulo. Nzika tsopano zingafikire makhoti ngati aletsedwa kuyenera kwawo. Ichi chakakamiza maboma kuika masinthidwe a PDS, kuwonjezera zopereka za bajeti, ndi kuwongolera zoperekera. Kachitidweka kamaperekanso maziko a National Food Security Act (NFLA) ONTH ndi kuyenerera kwa Food Portal , kumene nzika zingayendere makhadi awo opereka ndi madandaulo.

Malamulo asonkhezera maulamuliro kuyambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, Chahhattisgarh [1] Kusintha kwa PDS kopambana kumene kunachepetsa kufola mwa kujambula ndi kuyambitsa kutsimikizira kwa zinthu. Tamil Nadu [1] ndi Pradesh ndi PDS] yasunga PDS pa pulogalamu yapadziko lonse, imene imayendera limodzi ndi mzimu wa NFA ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo ikuchitidwa.

Kudzipereka pa Ndalama ndi Kuwonjezeka kwa Ndalama

NSA ikupereka boma lalikulu ku ndalama zambiri. Ndalama ya chakudya yatsika kuchokera pa 761,200,000 mu 2013 mpaka kupitirira 76,400,000 m'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuŵerengera pafupifupi 1% ya GDP. Izi zikuphatikizapo mtengo womangira mbewu za alimi pamtengo wochepa wa ndalama zothandizira (MSP), kusunga, ndi kugaŵira. Pamene kuli kwakuti otsutsa amanena kuti anthu ovutika kwambiri akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zina za mayanjano, ochirikiza kunena kuti kusungidwa kwa chakudya n’kofunika kuti anthu ayambe kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri ndiponso kuti umphaŵi ukhale wotsika.

Kachitidweko kawonso kakuchititsa zopereka zawo zofanana, kutsogolera ku kuwonongera chakudya kwambiri pamlingo uliwonse wa boma. Lipoti la World Bank (20: 1) ([FLT: 1]] adawona kuti programu ya chakudya chaing'ono ku India, pamene iphatikizidwa ndi ICDS ndi chakudya chapakati, imafikira anthu ambiri kuposa khoka lachisungiko lirilonse m'dziko lomatukuka.

Kuthandiza Kukwaniritsa Zolinga Zodalirika (SDGs)

NFSA imathandizira mwachindunji ku zonulirapo zingapo za Kusintha Kogwirizana [[FLT: 0]] Zakulimbana ndi Kukhazikika kwa Zakudya , makamaka SDG 2 (Njala), SDG 1 (Kupanda Umphaŵi), ndi SDG 3 (Umoyo Wabwino ndi Well - Well). Kudzipereka kwa India ku ku kulola kupatsidwa malowolo alamulo kumachititsa kuti ikhale mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse wa chitetezo cha chakudya cholamulira, ngakhale ndi mavuto. Kachitidwekonso kumagwirizanitsa ndi ntchito ya Nationalicroaticism (Posan Awaiyaan) [1] FLT:3] yoyambitsidwa mu 2018, imene ikufuna kuchepetsa kuseŵera, pansi pa kulephera, ndi kulephera kwa mwazi.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza

Kuledzera ndi Kusokonezeka kwa Malo

Ngakhale kuti pali chitetezo chalamulo, NFSA ikuvutika ndi kuchucha kwakukulu. [FLT: 0] Lipoti lina 2015 lolembedwa ndi Comptroller ndi Pinitor General (CAG) linapeza kuti pafupifupi 24% ya mbewu zaing'ono sizinafikire oyenera kupindula chifukwa cha makhadi a ndandanda, ziphuphu, ndi chiphuphu poyenda. Pamene kuli kwakuti kutsimikizira kwa meta ndi Aadhaar kwachepetsa kutayika, vutolo likupitirizabe, makamaka ndi ulamuliro wofooka.

  • Kaunificity : Okhala ndi makadi obwereza kapena osaŵerengeka amakhalabe vuto mosasamala kanthu za kuyesayesa kwa chidziŵitso.
  • Kugulitsa kwakuda : Amalonda ena amapatsira mbewu za mchenga kumsika wotseguka kuti apeze phindu.

Kulakwitsa

SOCIO- Economic ndi Caste Census 2011, zimene tsopano zili ndi zaka zoposa khumi. Mabanja ambiri oyenerera achotsedwa chifukwa chakuti anaikidwa m'magulu olakwika monga osakhala omvera. NITOG [1] Yavomerezedwa kukonzanso nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, koma ndi maulamuliro ochepa amene achitapo ntchito yokonzanso. Kuphophonya kumeneku kumalepheretsa cholinga chenicheni cha kachitidweko.

Kusunga Zinthu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nzeru

Food Corporation of India (FCI) kaŵirikaŵiri imayang'anizana ndi zopinga zosunga zokhala ndi mphamvu, kutsogolera ku kuvunda kwa mbewu. Mu 2020, Bwalo Lapamwamba la Punjab ndi Haryana linatenga suo motu juning of quare yaikulu yokhala panja ku Punjab, kuchititsa kutayika kwakukulu. NFA amasunga zinthu monenting system koma amagwiritsira ntchito mathithithi a ndalama ndi ma burecratic.

Zakudya Zabwino Zimadetsa Nkhaŵa

Otsutsa amanena kuti NFSA imasumika kwambiri pa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri (magazi) mmalo mwa mamicrotritique. Mbewu zimene zimagawidwa kaŵirikaŵiri siziri zamtengo wapatali [1] zokhala ndi maproteni ambiri, zonyowa, kapena zochepa. Kachitidweko sikalamula kuti mazira akhale otetezeka ndi chitsulo, zinc, kapena folic acid, ngakhale kuti mayiko ena ayamba maprogramu oyendetsa ndege. Fontificiation Resource Centre [1] Pansi pa FSSA ochirikiza mpunga mu PDS, koma kulerako .

Kukhazikika kwa Madzi

Kampani ya chakudya yomakula imaika chitsenderezo pa ndalama za boma. Akatswiri ena azachuma amatsutsa kuti anthu ovutika kwambiri amachotsa ndalama zowonongedwa paumoyo ndi maphunziro. Suzulo la za chakudya 2021-22 inagogomezera kuti India amawononga ndalama zambiri pa ndalama za chakudya kuposa pa thanzi, amadzutsa mafunso onena za kusungika kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Komabe, ochirikiza amawona kuti kutetezeka kwa chakudya ndiko kudzipereka kwalamulo kumene sikungasiyidwe. Njira ya kutsogolo ingaphatikizepo kuukira, kuchepetsa zolakwa zoikidwa, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito tekinoloji kuchepetsa ndalama.

Malamulo ndi Kusintha Zinthu M’tsogolo

Kusintha Matani ndi Kulumikizana kwa Mitsempha

Boma lapanga kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'kugwirizanitsa makhadi ogaŵira ndi Aadhaar ndi ziwiya za Aadhaar ndi kugwiritsira ntchito Point of Sale (Pos) pa masitolo a mtengo wabwino kutsimikizira opindula ndi mautumiki a zamoyo. Dongosolo limeneli, lotchedwa Impty Empty system (AGMS) , lachepetsa kuchucha m'magawo angapo. Masinthidwe amtsogolo angakulitse ePoS ku maboma onse ndi kuyang'aniradia nthaŵi yeniyeni ya stock kuletsa kusokonezedwa.

Mtundu Umodzi Uli ndi Khadi Lapadera (ONORC)

Mu 2020, chiwembu cha ONORC chinayamba kulola opindula ndi chakudya cha mutu wawo kuchokera ku sitolo iliyonse yosanjikizana m'boma lililonse, pogwiritsa ntchito khadi lawo logawira chakudya. Izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa antchito osamuka omwe anali osakhoza kulowa PDS kudziko lawo. Kuyambira 2024, ONORC yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko 36 ndi m'magawo a bungwe la mamembala 80. Kukwaniritsa kwake kwa dziko kudzafuna kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito a pulogalamu onse.

Kusintha Zakudya

Kuti athetse vutolo, boma likusumikabe maganizo pa mbewu zotetezeredwa. Food Fortification Programme cholinga chogawira mpunga wotetezeka mu PDS ndi njira zina. Pansi pa Poshan 2.0 ntchito, boma limalinganizanso kugwirizanitsa chakudya ndi malangizo a chakudya ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo. Kuwonjezera phindu la mpunga ku 76000 (kufikira panopo kuikidwa m'madera ambiri) ndi kutsimikizira kuti ntchito yake yapadziko lonse ndi ntchito inanso.

Kuwonjezera Kachisi wa Masiku Ano

Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zosungira, boma likusungitsa ndalama m'makampani osungira zinthu [[FLT :1] ndi [FLT] ] madongosolo a za apakhomo [1]. FCI yapanga oseŵera achinsinsi opanga ziŵiya zamakono za silos. Kuwonjezedwa kwa zomangira, kuphatikizapo njanji ndi misewu, kungachepetse kutayika kwa zoyendera. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa blockchain kwa ufaliti waungulitchi kumayendetsedwa m'zigawo.

Mawotchi: Masheya oyendetsera zinthu.

Matsutsana akupitiriza kuti kaya kutumiza ndalama kungalowe mmalo mwa kutumiza kwa ma PDS kwa mtundu wina. Ochirikiza amanena kuti ndalama zimapatsa opindula kusankha ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu. Direct Befitfore Transrection (DBT) oyendetsa ndege za chakudya m’madera ena akusonyeza zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, amatsutsa kuti ndalama zopititsidwa m'mitundu imateteza ku ku kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu ndi kutsimikizira kudyedwa kwa zakudya zomanga thupi. Chitsanzo cha [1] Ndalama, mbali ina ya chakudya [1] singatuluke monga nthaka yapakati.

Kuyerekezera: NFSA m’Malinga a Dziko Lonse

NFOSA ndi imodzi ya maprogramu aakulu kwambiri a za chakudya padziko lonse, maprogramu aakulu ku Brazil (Bolsa Família), Mexico (PROSPALA), ndi Indonesia. Imagaŵana mbali ndi [[FLT: 0] SUS Conftion Consolation Programme (SNAP) [FLT:] ndi [FLT:] . . . .C.C.C.C.C.C.C. Commadziwikanso ndi programme [FLT]

Mapeto: Lamulo Lamoyo Lokhala ndi Bizinesi Yosasokonezeka

National Food Security Act idakali maziko a maziko a nyumba za mayanjano a India. Mwa kusintha ufulu wa chakudya kukhala chilolezo chalamulo, ilo lapereka chitetezo kwa mamiliyoni mazana a nzika zokhala pangozi ya njala ndi kusoŵa chakudya. Kachitidweko kakhala ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu m’boma, mapangano a zaumoyo, ndi mapulogalamu a udzu. Komabe, mavuto a kuchucha, kutsika, kutsika, ndi kusadya bwino akupitirizabe.

Mbali yotsatira ya ulendo wotetezera chakudya wa India iyenera kusumika maganizo pa kutseka mpata wa kupambana kwa mphamvu ya boma, luso la zodyetsa, ndi kusintha kuchoka ku kakonzedwe ka zakudya zokhala ndi ma calorie kuti apeze chakudya chochuluka. Pamene India akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa SDG ndi kukhala mtundu wotukuka podzafika 2047, NFSA idzaweruzidwa osati ndi cholinga chake chachikulu, koma mwa kukhoza kwake kuthetsa kusoŵa kwa zakudya ndi kutsimikizira ulemu kwa nzika zonse.

[[FLT: 0] Zilozero za tsatanetsatane wa makonzedwe a NFS, chezerani National Food Security Portal . Kupenda za kadyedwe kake, kumatanthauza Sulumo la India [1]. Kuyerekezera ndi maprogramu a zakudya za padziko lonse, onani Mapepala a World Communic Provision Provision Device .