M'nyengo yamakono ya makompyuta, lingaliro la kukhala pawekha lakhala lofala kwambiri. Mwa kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zopangapanga, mmene chidziŵitso cha munthu aliyense chimasonkhanitsidwira, kusungidwa, ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachititsa nkhaŵa zazikulu ponena za ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha. Kuchuluka kwa mafoni, makompyuta a za makompyuta, ndi makompyuta a pa intaneti nthaŵi zonse kumatanthauza kuti pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya moyo wamakono imasiya kufunika kwa ufulu wachinsinsi m'nyengo yofotokozedwa ndi kuyang'anira, kulowa m'malamulo, ziyambukiro za malamulo, ndi njira zogwira ntchito kuti atetezere chidziŵitso chaumwini.

Kuzindikira Ufulu Wokhala Wekha

Ufulu wa kukhala ndi ufulu waumwini ndi wofunikira kwambiri wa anthu amene amateteza anthu ku kuloŵerera m'moyo wawo, matupi, ndi chidziŵitso. Ufulu umenewu waikidwa m'Chigawo 12 cha Universal Declaration of Human Rights, chimene chimanena kuti "padzakhala palibe amene adzasokonezedwa mwaukali ndi chinsinsi chake, banja, nyumba kapena makalata ake. Chiphunzitsochi chili ndi mizu yakuya ya ufilosi, yoyambira kwa anthu oganiza onga John Locke, amene anatsutsana ndi ufulu wachibadwa wa munthu mwiniwake ndi chidziŵitso chopangidwa ndi munthuyo.

Kuyenera kwa kukhala pawekha kumaphatikizapo milingo yosiyanasiyana:

  • Kuyenera kubisika m'zolankhulana – Chiyembekezo chakuti foni, ma email, ndi mauthenga zikhala zachinsinsi popanda chilungamitso cha kutsekedwa.
  • Kuyenera kulamulira chidziŵitso chaumwini – Kukhoza kugamula kuti ndani akusonkhanitsa, kugwiritsira ntchito, ndi kugawana chidziŵitso chonena za inu, kuphatikizapo zolembedwa za umoyo, tsatanetsatane wa zachuma, ndi mbiri ya malo.
  • Kuyenera kuiwalidwa – Kuyenera kwa kuchotsa chidziŵitso chaumwini pamene sichikufunikiranso kaamba ka chifuno chake, kapena pamene munthuyo wasudzula chivomerezo.

Koma mfundo yakuti anthu ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wodzilamulira popanda kuoneratu, si yopanda malire.

Kuchuluka kwa Makina

Masiku ano, maboma ndi mabungwe ayamba kuona zinthu pa Intaneti ndipo zimenezi zikubweretsa mafunso ambiri okhudza mmene anthu angadzitetezere komanso mmene angadzitetezere pa zinthu zina.

Programu Zosonkhezera za Boma

Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa pa September 11, mayiko ambiri anawonjezera mphamvu zawo zofufuza. Bungwe la National Security Agency (NSA) linayambitsa mapulogalamu a zolembalemba zambiri pansi pa Gawo 215 la Patriot Act, yovumbulidwa ndi woulutsa foni Edward Snowden mu 2013. Maprogramu amenewa anasonkhanitsa metameta kuchokera ku mafoni ndi Intaneti zolankhula ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, osati kungofufuza chabe. Maprogramu a UK (Temporal), China (madongosolo a ngongole), ndi Russia (SORM system syst). Kulungamitsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsutsana ndi Krinetic , koma nthaŵi zambiri kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba.

Njira Zosungira Zinthu za Chigwirizano cha Bungwe Loona za Umoyo

Makampani a zaumisiri amapindula ndi kututa chidziŵitso cha ogwiritsira ntchito. Makampani monga Google, Meta (Bhuku), ndi Amazon amalemba khalidwe la ogwiritsira ntchito pa webusaiti, ma apps, ndipo ngakhale pa malo ogwirira ntchito. Kapitalitale [1], mawu olembedwa ndi profesa Shoshana Zuboff, amafotokoza mmene makampani amasonkhanitsira ndi kusanthula ndi kusanthula za makhalidwe a anthu. Zopangapangapangazo kuchokera kwa okhoza kuchenjera kwa olankhula ndi olankhula mawu omwe angagawiridwe ndi anthu atatu. Chibalo cha 2018 Cambridge Analycarica chinasonyeza kulakwa kumene chidziŵitso chofikiritsa cha Face chinagwiritsiridwa ntchito potsa malonda andale zadziko, pokhudza masankhoti a zandale padziko lonse.

Kufufuza Zinthu pa Intaneti

Makampani a zaufaya amalimbikitsa kugawana mosalekeza, kusintha nthaŵi zachinsinsi kukhala malo a anthu. Pakali pano, tekinoloji ya kuyang’anira nkhope, yoikidwa m'malo a anthu ndi osungitsa malamulo ndi ogulitsa, imathandiza kudziŵikitsa popanda chilolezo. Makampani onga ngati Claview AI adachotsa zithunzi za mabiliyoni ambiri kuchokera ku wailesi yakanema ya anthu kuti apange ndandanda yapamwamba ya maso odziŵikitsa ku mabungwe apolisi, kukulitsa nkhaŵa zachinsinsi ndi za ufulu wa anthu.

Chiyambukiro pa Chitaganya

Kufufuza kwa pakompyuta kumachititsa kuti anthu azigwirizana kwambiri.

Mmene Zimakhudzira Kulankhula Mwaufulu

Pamene anthu akhulupirira kuti njira zawo zolankhulira zayang'aniridwa, iwo amadzifufuza okha. Kufufuza kwa 2021 kochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti 38% ya Aamereka amanena kuti amapeŵa kukambitsirana nkhani zina pa Intaneti chifukwa cha nkhaŵa yakuti boma kapena makampani akupenyerera. Zimenezi zosonkhezera zolankhula za democracy zimapeputsa nkhani ndi kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano. Olemba nkhani, atolankhani, ndi ochirikiza maboma a a ankhanza amayang'anizana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana: zida zoperekera ukatswiri zoperekedwa ndi makampani onga NSO Gro (Pegassius slation) zagwiritsidwa ntchito kuukira ufulu wa anthu oimira ufulu ndi a atolankhani.

Chiyambukiro pa Kusavomerezana kwa Ndale zadziko

Kulimbana ndi chitsutso cha ndale. Ku Hong Kong, lamulo la National Security Law limodzi ndi kujambula kwa manambala zachititsa kuti pakhale mawu a boma. Ku United States, boma lagwiritsira ntchito njira za geographic kudziŵikitsa anthu amene akutsutsa, monga ngati 2020 Black Live Matter zikwangwani. Kuthekera kwa kudziŵidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa ku ndandanda ya makompyuta ya boma kwalepheretsa ambiri kugwiritsira ntchito ufulu wawo walamulo.

Ziyambukiro pa Midzi Yosaŵerengeka

Anthu amene amasalidwa kale amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zimene amauzidwa. Maroto apolisi oneneratu, amene nthaŵi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa ndi mbiri yakale yolakwika, amayang’anira apolisi m’madera ochepa a ku United States.

Ntchito Zotetezera Ufulu wa Kusunga Malo Alamulo

Malamulo osiyanasiyana amathandiza kuteteza ufulu wa munthu wachinsinsi, kuyambira pa mapangano a mayiko osiyanasiyana mpaka kukhazikitsa malamulo a dziko lonse.

Kuteteza Kusintha kwa Zinthu za M’makompyuta (GDPR)

Komiti ya European Union’s GDPR, yogwira ntchito mu 2018, ndi muyezo wa golidi wa malamulo achinsinsi. Imapereka ufulu wa anthu woloŵa, kukonza, kuchotsa, ndi kunyamula chidziŵitso chawo. Makampani ayenera kupeza chivomerezo chomveka cha kukonza malembo, kuchititsa ziganizo zachinsinsi, ndi kusimba zotsalira m’maola 72. Mapikipire angafike 4% a kusintha kwa pachaka. GDPR yasonkhezera malamulo padziko lonse, kuchokera ku Brazil’LGPDD mpaka ku Japan'S Japan. Kufufuza kwaposachedwapa kwa bungwe la International Complies Provices zapeza kuti GDPR yawongolera bwino masamu a bungwe la GPR komanso kuwonjezera ndalama za malonda.

M’dziko la California

CCPA ya California, yogwira mtima 2020, inapatsa ogula kuyenera kwa makampani a kampani a kampani za makompyuta aumwini kudziŵira zimene zikusonkhanitsa, kuyenera kwa kuchotsa chidziŵitso chimenecho, ndi kuyenera kwa kukana kugulitsa. Mu 2023, California Anchocy Rights Act (CPRA) inakulitsa ufulu umenewu, kukhazikitsa bungwe lodzipereka losungitsa lamulo. CCPA imayang'anira aliyense wa makampani opanga malonda a anthu a ku California, mosasamala kanthu za malo ake, kupangitsa icho kukhala muyezo wa dziko la makampani ambiri.

Pangano la Padziko Lonse la Ufulu Wachiŵeniŵeni ndi Wandale (ICCPR)

Mfundo 17 ya ICCPR imaletsa kuloŵerera kwachinsinsi kwa lamulo kapena kwachinsinsi. Ngakhale kuti siikudziphera, imagwirizanitsa mayiko ndi kudziŵitsa za chiweruzo. Komabe, kuonetsetsa kuti kulibe, ndipo maboma ambiri amachita maprogramu oyang’anira kwambiri ndi kuyang'anira kochepa. Nkhani yaikulu ndi Mbale Watch v. United Kingdom, kumene European Court of Human Rights inapeza kuti ulamuliro wa UK wochuluka unaswa Mfundo 8 (kuyenera kukhala chinsinsi) ya Msonkhano wa ku Ulaya pa Union Rights.

Mavuto a Kuchirikiza Ufulu Wosunga Ufulu Waumwini

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo oteteza anthu, pali mavuto ambiri.

Kusatsatira Malamulo Oyenera a Mseri

Ngakhale kumene kuli malamulo amphamvu, lamulo la zaumoyo lingachepetsedwe kapena kupeputsidwa. Irish Data Protection Commission, woyang'anira wotsogolera makampani ambiri a tekinoloji pansi pa GDPR, wasulizidwa kaamba ka kufufuza kochedwa ndi ndalama zochepera zogwirizana ndi ndalama za makampani. Ku United States, malamulo a zachinsinsi (HIPAA kaamba ka thanzi, FERPA kaamba ka maphunziro, GBA kaamba ka ndalama) akupanga ntchito imene imasiya mitundu yambiri ya makompyuta kukhala yosatetezereka, pamene Federal Tradenti Commission ya boma yakhala ndi polekezera njira za kusungitsa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza Zipangizo zamakono ndi Zovuta Zake

Luntha lopanga, mamakina, ndi Intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) zimayambitsa mavuto atsopano. Mafanizo a AI angatchule mikhalidwe yamphamvu (malingaliro a kugonana, zandale, malo athanzi) kuchokera ku zowoneka ngati zosayenerera. Ziwiya zapamwamba zonga Amazon Ring zagwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa apolisi, ndipo mawu a othandiza mawu amapendedwa ndi opanga mawu. Kukwera kwa mitsempha ya pansi pa nthaka kumayambitsa mavuto a kuvomereza ndi kuteteza. Makampani a EU's Act olingaliridwa kuti a Lucice Arect amayesa kuyankha mafunso enawa, koma tekinoloji imapitirizabe kukonza mofulumira kuposa lamulo.

Kuzindikira Anthu ndi Kumvetsa Ufulu Wochita Zinthu Zachinsinsi

Anthu ambiri sazindikira ukulu wa zolembedwa kapena mmene angatetezere chinsinsi chawo. Malamulo achinsinsi ngodziŵika kukhala aatali ndi ocholoŵana . Munthu wamba wa ku Amereka angafunikire maola 244 pachaka kuŵerenga malamulo onse achinsinsi amene akukumana nawo, mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku 2019 wa Carnegie Mellon University. Njijira imeneyi yachinsinsi [1] Kumene anthu akusonyeza nkhaŵa koma amachitapo kanthu pang'ono poona kuti sakumvetsa zinthu, nthaŵi, kapena chikhulupiriro chimene chidzakhala ndi nkhani.

Ntchito ya Anthu Oteteza Zinthu Zachinsinsi

Ngakhale kuti kusintha kwa zinthu n’kofunika, anthu angayesetse kuteteza chidziŵitso chawo pa Intaneti.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Malo Ozingira Apadera ndi Kuthandiza Odziŵa Kutsimikizira

Mabwana a Chilolezo monga Bitwaden kapena 1 Malamulo Olamulira a Chilolezo amapanga ndi kusunga mawu ovuta kwambiri, kuchepetsa upandu wa kuba kofuna kutsimikizira. Makina awiri a zipatala amawonjezera chitetezo, kupangitsa kuti oukira asamavutike kupeza maakaunti ngakhale ngati alephera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi. Bungwe la National Institute of Direfectal and Technology (NIST) limalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makiyilo a chitetezo a mtundu wa 0, monga chaharling (m., YubiKey) pamene kuli kotheka.

Muzikambirana Nthawi Zonse Mmene Mungakhalire ndi Zipangizo ndi Nkhani

Apple iOS ndi Android omwe amapereka malamulo achinsinsi otetezera chinsinsi cha munthu , tsekerezani zilolezo za apps ku kokha zimene zili zofunikira, zimani mautumiki a malo omwe sakuwafuna, ndi kutseka njira zoyendera. Pakompyuta, olemba nyimbo monga Firefox ndi Brave amapereka chitetezo chomangiritsa. Ofufuza zachinsinsi za anthu pa Intaneti pafupifupi kamodzi pa chigawo chimodzi, monga momwe mapulatifomu amakonzera zokhazikitsa zotsalirapo zawo zokhala ndi chidziŵitso chowonjezereka.

Khalani Osamala Pouza Ena Nkhani Zanu pa Intaneti

Ganizirani kawiri musanaike zithunzi zolembedwa pa malo, kugawana deti lanu lakubadwa, kapena kufunsa pa Intaneti zinthu zimene mumatsatsa malonda. Mabuku a boma ndi makompyuta amatumiza zinthu zimenezi kwa otsatsa malonda, mainshuwalansi, ndi mabwana. Madanga monga Dese Me angathandize kuchotsa zinthu zanu pa makompyuta otsekera makompyuta, koma njira yosavuta ndi kuchepetsa zimene mukugawana.

Gwiritsani Ntchito Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Popeka ndi Pokhapakha

Kulipirirani mawu anu: Gwiritsirani ntchito kulankhulana kwa Signal kapena Whassapp potumizira mauthenga (onsewo agwiritsira ntchito kutsegulira mawu kumapeto ndi kumapeto mwa kulephera). Gwiritsirani ntchito kubisa keyala yanu ya IP, makamaka pa Wi-Fi. Samalani kugwiritsa ntchito ma injini ofufuzira achinsinsi monga DuckDuck Go ndi ziwiya za intaneti zonga ProtonMail. . . . . .INTHANDIZI SANTHANDIZA MPELEKIRO FICTY Foundation .

Mtsogolo mwa Ufulu wa Kukhala Wekha

Kuyenera kwa munthu kukhala payekha kudzadalira kwambiri pa malingaliro a anthu ponena za kuyang’anira ndi kutetezera chidziŵitso. Kusungidwa kwa zinthu zachinsinsi kwamphamvu nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti ufulu wa munthu aliyense umalemekezedwa m’nyengo ya wailesi ya kanema.

Anthu Ambiri Afuna Kuona Malo Oyera

Amalonda akufuna mowonjezereka kuti makampani asonyeze machitidwe a chidziŵitso. Apple's Traping Transparency system, ikufuna ma apps kupempha chilolezo asanalembe, ndi chitsanzo cha kubisika kwa msika. 2023 wofufuza ndi Stencils anasonyeza kuti 84% ya ogula amasamala zachinsinsi ndipo 80% ali ofunitsitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwa kuchotsa zovala kapena ziwiya za magetsi. Chitsenderezo chimenechi chikusonkhezera makampani ena kutenga malo achinsinsi monga phindu la mpikisano.

Kutetezera Kudalirana kwa Zipangizo

Kuphatikiza makompyuta monga makompyuta osiyanasiyana (ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Apple ndi Google), homorphic compset , ndi kuphunzira kopesedwa bwino kumalola kusanthula kwa zinthu popanda kuvumbula mfundo zaumwini. Madongosolo a kudziimira okha, ozikidwa pa blanchain, apatsa anthu ulamuliro wowonjezereka pa mikhalidwe yaumwini imene amagwirizana nayo. [FLT] [GDP]R yasonkhezera kuyambika kwa luso lachinsinsi lachinsinsi (PETS), ndi mapulojekiti oyambitsa mapulogalamu a kukonza mphamvu ya kukonza, kuvomereza, ndi kujambula zinthu.

Kugwirizana pa Miyezo ya Umbeta ya Padziko Lonse

Pamene chidziŵitso chikudutsa malire, kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse n’kovuta. EU-US Data Bycycy System , ikuloŵa mmalo mwa Shield yopanda pake, cholinga cha kulamulira kutumiza makompyuta odutsa Atlantic pamene ikutsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira. Msonkhano wa Ulaya 108+ ukufunafuna kugwirizanitsa miyezo yachinsinsi padziko lonse. Komabe, kusagwirizana kwa ndale ndi kusiyana kwa makhalidwe a dziko lapansi poyang'anira (m’mphindi., dongosolo la ngongole la dziko la China la anthu logwirizana ndi la Kumadzulo lololera) limapangitsa muyezo wapadziko lonse kukhala wovuta kwambiri. ACLU [1] ndi magulu ena ogwirizana ndi ogwirizana ndi mapangano okhazikitsa malo achinsinsi.

Kumaliza

Pamene tikuyesetsa kuti tithe kuyang’anira zinthu pa Intaneti, kumvetsa ndi kulimbikitsa ufulu wa munthu wina n’kofunika kwambiri.

Nkofunika kuti anthu, mabungwe, ndi maboma agwirizanitse kutetezera ufulu wofunika wa kukhala achinsinsi m'dziko logwirizana kwambiri. Anthu ayenera kukhala odziŵa ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Makampani ayenera kukhazikitsa malo achinsinsi mwa kulinganiza zinthu zawo ndi kulemekeza ogwiritsa ntchito. Maboma ayenera kukonza njira zalamulo kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu za sayansi ndi kutsimikizira kuti asungitse chipambano. Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, Privitacy International [1] [[ imapereka zinthu zambiri zothandiza pa kuyang'anira dziko lonse lapansi ndi kudalirana kwachinsinsi. Nkhondo ya mapangano a zachinsinsi ndi kumenyera ufulu wa munthu kukhala wotsatira makompyuta.