Bukhu la Malamulo la United States siliri labwinja; liri dongosolo la moyo kaamba ka ufulu waumwini ndi boma lochepa. Kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri, zoyenerera zimenezi zaumba moyo wa Amereka, kutetezera anthu ku ulamuliro wodziimira ndi kutheketsa kulondola chimwemwe. Komabe nzika zambiri zimatenga zitetezero zimenezi chifukwa cha kupeputsa kapena kumvetsetsa kwawo. M’nyengo ya kuwonjezereka kwa kuyang'anira kwa boma, nkhani yapoyera yoikidwa pa malo amodzi, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapangapanga, kuzindikira zoyenera zanu zalamulo nzovuta kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse. Chitsogonjezo chimenechi chimaswa zitetezero zofunika koposa za malamulo a malamulo, chimalongosola mmene amagwiritsira ntchito moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kupereka njira zothandiza kuwatetezera.

Kodi Ufulu wa Malamulo Nchiyani?

Ufulu wa Malamulo ndi wolembedwa mwalamulo ku Malamulo a U.S. amene amachepetsa mphamvu ya boma ndi kuteteza ufulu wa munthu mmodzi. Ndi mtundu wa ufulu wa wodziimira [1] . Boma silingakumanitseni ufulu umenewu kuwonjezera pa njira zolungama, zooneka bwino, ndi zololedwa. Ufulu wina ndi womveka (monga ufulu wa kulankhula m'Chimakepo cha Malamulo Oyamba), pamene ena akusonyezedwa (monga kuyenera kwa kubisika kochokera ku zitsutso zambiri). Ufulu umenewu ngwoyenera kusungidwa m'khoti; ngati woseŵera wa boma akuswa, mungasunge mlandu kaamba ka chithandizo.

Konsichushoni imasiyanitsanso ufulu ndi mphamvu. Anthu amasunga ufulu wonse wosandandalikidwa mwachindunji m'chikalatacho, lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino logwirizana ndi mamendulo a Ninth ndi Tenth. Malamulo ameneŵa anali olinganizidwa mwadala: Lamulo linalinganizidwa kukhazikitsa boma la mphamvu zokhala ndi malire, zoŵerengedwa, kusiyira mbali yaikulu ya ufulu wa munthu popanda kuloŵerera m’boma.

Kuzindikira zoyenera za lamulo kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungoloweza Bill of Rights. Kufunikira kudziŵa kuti ndi ufulu uti umene umagwira ntchito kwa maboma (kuphunzitsa za kuloŵa mu Lamulo la 14 la Amereka), mmene makhoti amalinganizira ufulu wopikisana nawo, ndi pamene boma mwalamulo lingachepetse kuyenera. Kufufuza zinthu zamphamvu monga Consitution Annoted kuchokera ku Congress kungapereke mfundo yaikulu.

Mlanduwo wa Ufulu Waumwini

Kusintha koyambirira kwa khumi kunawonjezeredwa kutchula Anti-Fedalist kuti Malamulo oyambirira anapatsa boma lalikulu mphamvu zambiri. Onse pamodzi, amapanga chikalata cha chitetezo cha munthu aliyense chimene chimakhalabe maziko a ufulu wa anthu a ku America.

Kusintha Koyamba: Ufulu wa Kulankhula, Chipembedzo, Manyuzipepala, Msonkhano Wachigawo, ndi Pempho

Lamulo Loyamba Lowonjezera limateteza ufulu wa anthu asanu:

  • Ufulu wa kulankhula [1] Sumango kutetezera mawu olankhulidwa koma mawu olembedwa, machitidwe ophiphiritsira (monga mbendera), ndi ntchito zaluso. Kufufuza boma kumaletsedwa kaŵirikaŵiri, ngakhale kuti magulu ena(obscrinity , kuipitsa, kusonkhezera chiwawa . . Khoti Lapamwamba lakhala likuchirikiza kuti ngakhale mawu audani kapena onyansa amatetezeredwa kutetezera mkangano wofunika ku demokrase.
  • Ufulu wa chipembedzo uli ndi magawo aŵiri: Kuikidwa kwa Claus kumaletsa boma kuvomereza chipembedzo, ndipo Free Execsion Claus imatetezera kuyenera kwanu kwa kutsata chikhulupiriro chanu popanda kuloŵerera kwa boma kosafunikira.
  • Ufulu wa nyuzipepala umatsimikizira kuti nyuzi zikhoza kusimba nkhani za boma popanda chiletso. Izi nzofunika kuti boma lidziikire mlandu.
  • Ufulu wa msonkhano utsimikizira kuyenera kwanu kusonkhana mwamtendere kaamba ka zisonyezero, zitsutso, kapena misonkhano.
  • Ufulu wa dandaulo umakulolani kupempha boma kuti lithetse zidandaulo.

Kusintha kwachiŵiri: Kuyenera Kusunga ndi Kunyamula Zida

Chikalata chachiŵiri cha Mpando wa Kusintha chakhala nkhani yaikulu. Zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba mu Diformation of Columbia v. Heller (2008) ndi McDonald v. Chicago [1] (2010) chinakhazikitsa kuti kuyenera kwa kukhala ndi mfuti zaumwini ndi nyumba ndi ufulu wolimbana ndi boma ndi boma. Komabe, Khoti linazindikira kuti kuyenerako sikuli kopanda malire . Chiletso cha kunyamula mfuti mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo, ziletso zangozi ndi zogulitsa mfuti, ndi malamulo ankhondo ogulitsa mfuti ali ogwirizana ndi lamulo lachiŵiri. Kudziŵa ufulu wanu womaloŵa m’dzikolo, ndi kulongosola malamulo a boma, ndi boma lakwanu.

Malamulo Owonjezera Achitatu ndi Achinayi: Chitetezo ku Kuloŵerera m’Boma

Third Amendment, yoletsa kuikidwa kwa asilikali m'nthaŵi yamtendere, siimveka kutchulidwa koma imasonyeza kusadalira kwa Woyambitsayo magulu ankhondo oima. Mpambo wachinayi ndi wotsatira. Imatetezera ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri, kufuna kuti lamulo likhale ndi chilolezo chozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera kufunafuna nyumba yanu, munthu, kapena katundu. Zotsatirazo zilipo (mikhalidwe yosagwirizana, kuvomereza, kufufuza chochitika cha kumanga), koma kaŵirikaŵiri mumayembekezera kukhala nokha panyumba panu, galimoto, ndi chidziŵitso chamagetsi. Khoti Lapamwamba lawonjezera chitetezo cha cellulement meters trans in . . California .

Chachisanu mpaka Kuwonjezera Malamulo Achisanu ndi Chisanu: Ufulu wa Woimbidwa Mlandu

Zowongolera zimenezi zimatsimikizira chilungamo chachibadwa m’milandu yaupandu:

  • Fith Amendment : Amatetezera ku kukakamiza kudzipha (muli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhala chete), ngozi ziŵiri (mungathe kuimbidwa mlandu umodzimodziwo), ndi kutsimikizira dongosolo loyenera la lamulo. Imaphatikizaponso kulanda lamulo, kufunidwa ndi boma kulipirira ndalama za katundu waumwini zongogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anthu onse.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . kutsimikizira mlandu wa mwamsanga ndi wapoyera ndi ajuli opanda tsankho, kuyenera kwa kudziŵa milandu imene mupatsidwa, kuyang'anizana ndi mboni, ndi kukhala ndi uphungu wa lamulo. Ngati mulibe loya, mmodzi adzaikidwa kwa inu.
  • Mpatsi wachisanu ndi chiŵiri : Amasunga kuyenera kwa mlandu wa ajuli m’milandu yachiŵeniŵeni kuposa mlingo wakutiwakuti.
  • Kusintha kwa mlingo kwa mlingo [1]: Kupereka belo lopambanitsa, kulipiritsa, ndi chilango chankhanza ndi chachilendo. Kubweza mayeso ku chilango m'zochitika zonse ziŵiri chiweruzo chaupandu ndi kutayidwa kwa boma.

Malamulo Achisanu ndi Chiŵiri ndi Chachisanu: Ufulu Woyenera ndi Ulamuliro wa Boma

M’chikalata cha Ninth Amendment, muli mfundo yakuti Boma la ufulu wachibadwidwe silikupondereza ufulu wanu.

Kulongosoledwa kwa Ufulu Walamulo Waukulu

Ufulu wa Kulankhula m’Nyengo Yamakono

Chikalata chanu choyambirira chotchedwa First Amendment chosonyeza ufulu wolankhula chimateteza mphamvu zanu zolankhulana ndi anthu pa Intaneti, kufalitsa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi kutsutsa njira za anthu. Koma kodi chimakutetezani pa malo achinsinsi?

Kuyenera Kukhala Wekha

Ngakhale kuti liwu lakuti “privracy” silikuwonekera konse m'Malamulo, Khoti Lapamwamba lazindikira kuyenera kwa lamulo kwa kukhala ndi malo achinsinsi m'nkhani za ukwati, banja, kubala, ndi maunansi apafupi. Kuyenera kumeneku kumachokera ku “penumbras” ya First, Yachitatu, Yachinayi, ndi ya Nthambi ndi ya Ninthra. Milandu ya za Chigamulo ya . Nkhani za m'mapepala zimaphatikizapo Grislold v. Connecticut [[FL:1] [195]] [65], zimene zinawononga chiletso cha kuletsa kulera ana, ndi kuteteza chidziŵitso chaumwini cha boma: [[FLT:] "5] . Hods . , zimene zinakhazikitsa zosankha za kumanja za kuyenera kusudzutsa kwa kugonana, ndi kutetezera kwa anthu.

Kutsatira Chilamulo

Kuyenera kuonekera mu Malamulo Osintha zinthu achisanu ndi 14 ndipo kuli ndi mitundu iŵiri. Project project yoyenerera ikufuna kuti boma litsatire njira zoyenerera zisanakumanitseni moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu. Ndinu oyenerera kuzindikira ndi mwaŵi wa kumvedwa m’njira yatanthauzo, kaya m’khoti, m’malamulo, kapena m’mapindu oyendetsa zinthu. SSBBTAN project project project [ imateteza ufulu wofunika ku kuloŵerera kwa boma, ngakhale ngati boma litsatira njira zoyenerera zoyenera. Zimenezi ndi zachinsinsi zaumwini, ukwati, ndi ulamuliro wa makolo. Khoti limatsatira lamulo lokhwima ku lamulo lililonse loyenera kulipira katundu.

Chitetezo Cholingana cha m’Chilamulo

Potsimikiziridwa ndi Demetriment’s Experiment Claus ya 14th Protection, lamulo limeneli limaletsa boma kutsutsa anthu kapena magulu popanda chifukwa chokwanira. Ngati lamulo liikidwa mwaudindo pa fuko, chipembedzo, mtundu, kapena magulu ena okayikira, ayenera kupenda mosamalitsa kwambiri. Magawo apamwamba opendedwa pa kayang'anidwe ka pakati, pamene mitundu yambiri imafunikira maziko oyenerera. Chitetezo cha Agenity Classione chinagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchotsa mafuko mu [[FLT: 0] Brown v. Board of Education [FLD:] (1954) ndipo imapitirizabe kulimbana ndi tsankho posankhana masankho, maphunziro, ndi ntchito.

M’chikalata cha 14 cha Mpumulo ndi Chiphunzitso Chosagwirizana ndi Malamulo

Zoyenera zambiri za lamulo poyambirira zinaika malire a boma la boma lokha. Lamulo la 14th Amendment, lovomerezedwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiweniweni, linasintha kuti. ASTIOR process Claus wamasuliridwa ndi Khoti Lapamwamba kukhala “kuyang'anira” zambiri za Bill of Rights polimbana ndi maboma, kupangitsa kuti likhale losungika kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, chitsimikizo cha ufulu wa kulankhula choyambirira chimagwira ntchito ku malamulo a mzinda, boma la polisi silingachite kufufuza kosayenera (Fourth Classe), ndipo khoti la boma liyenera kupereka uphungu kwa oimba mlandu (Syth). Chiphunzitsochi chimatsimikizira kuti dziko lonse likhale ndi ufulu wa anthu, ngakhale kuti likhoza kupereka chitetezo chachikulu. Kachitidwe kayendetsedwe kake kanali kake, ndi kachiŵiri komaliza kokhudza kupangidwa kokhudza kuwonjezera kokhudza ufulu la dziko mu 2010.

Pamene Ufulu Woyenerera Usemphana: Kulinganiza Zokondweretsa

Palibe kuyenera kwa lamulo lotsimikizirika. Boma lingaletse kuyenera ngati liri ndi chikondwerero chokakamiza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito njira zochepetsera pang'ono (kupenda). Mwachitsanzo, kuyenera kwa msonkhano sikumalola chitsutso chakuti chitsekereze chipinda changozi. Ufulu wanu wa kulankhula sumafikira ku ziwopsezo zowona, kunyozedwa, kapena kusonkhezera chiwawa. Lamulo lachiŵiri la Amereka lingalamuliridwe kuletsa mfuti m’masukulu ndi m'nyumba za boma. Makhoti mosalekeza amalinganiza ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha ndi chisungiko cha dziko, ndi zikondwerero zina zachikhalidwe. Kumvetsetsa malire ameneŵa sikumakuthandizani kupeŵa mavuto ndi kutsutsana ndi mphamvu za lamulo ndi kutsutsana motsimikizirika pamene ufulu wanu ukupotoko.

Kufunika kwa Ufulu wa Malamulo m’Sosayiti Yamakono

Ufulu wa Malamulo umagwira ntchito zambiri zowopsya. Amaletsa anthu ambiri kutsutsa otsutsa. Amateteza anthu ochepa osoŵa kusankhidwa, ndiponso amalola kuti azichita malonda aufulu a akuluakulu a ntchito. Amafufuzanso za makampani: Kukonzanso Koyamba kumaleka kuyang'anira kosayenera, Kukonzanso Koyamba kumaletsa kuulula machimo, ndipo Kukonzanso Malamulo Kumathandiza kuti boma lisabwezere. Kuyenera kumeneku sikufuna kuti anthu azikhala odziwa bwino ndiponso oweruza. Ngati ufulu waperekedwa kwa munthu ungathe kutha. Kusunga ufulu wanu kuyenera n’kofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze dongosolo la demokrase.

Mmene Mungatetezere Ufulu Wanu wa Malamulo

Kuteteza ufulu wanu ndi njira zosavuta, ndipo izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri:

  • Dziŵani zoyenera zanu m'mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo. Ŵerengani malemba a Bill of Rights ndi kumvetsetsa mmene makhoti amasulira chigawo chilichonse. Mabuku ochokera ku ACLU[ ndi [[FLT:] Komiti ya Chidziŵitso cha Malamulo ndi malozero abwino kwambiri.
  • Ayenera kukhala chete ndi akuluakulu a boma. Ngati apolisi aima, tayani kukumana (kwalamulo). Onani nambala ya wapolisi ndi beji. Muli ndi ufulu wa kukhala chete ndi kukana kufunafuna. Mwamwambo tsimikizani kuti muli ndi ufulu umenewu.
  • Kudziwitsa m'masankho alionse. Oweruza , oweruza, oweruza, opanga malamulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • [[FLT: 0] Magulu otetezera ufulu wa anthu. Magulu onga ACLU, Brennan Center for Justice, ndi Electronic Frontial Foundation ligigate milandu yotetezera ufulu wa anthu m’khoti.
  • Kuphunzitsa anthu. Lankhulani ndi mabwenzi ndi banja lanu za malamulo alamulo. Pitani ku misonkhano ya boma, lemberani nthumwi zanu, ndi kugawana nawo mwamtendere.
  • Funani chithandizo chalamulo ngati ufulu wanu wapotozedwa. Pezani loya wa ufulu wachibadwidwe kapena gulu lalamulo lopanda phindu mwamsanga. Ambiri amapereka mayeso aulere. Musachedwe / Zonena zina zili ndi masiku achidule.

Ufulu wa Malamulo Woposa Ufulu Woyenera

Malamulo ali ndi ufulu wina wofunika umene nthaŵi zina umanyalanyazidwa. Mfundo I, Chigawo 9 chimaletsa kuikidwa malamulo a pambuyo pa msonkhano ndi mapepala a wowalandira. Kuyenera kwa habeas corpus (Mfundo, Gawo 9) kumakulolani kutsutsa kumangidwa kopanda lamulo. Zoyenera za Boma ndi zogwirizana zotsatirapo zikuteteza ufulu wanu wosankha. Nyumba yoyamba ya malamulo inapasanso Chilamulo cha Judicary cha 1789, chimene chinakhazikitsa dongosolo la khoti lolamulira ufulu umenewu. Zifulu za malamulo zimasintha ndi kuchotsa ukapolo ndi "$" kuchotsapo kulowa muukapolo, kuyenera kwa kuvota kwa anthu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kugamula kwa 199 inaperekanso akazi chivoti, ndi zaka 20 za kutsika kwa kuvota kwa zaka 18.

Kumaliza

Kuzindikira Malamulo a ku United States kuli m'luso lake la kutetezera anthu ku boma lomwe limapanga. Ufulu wa Malamulo supatsidwa ndi boma; ndizo malire achibadwa a mphamvu zimene mumakhala nazo monga nzika. Kumvetsetsa zoyenera zimenezi kumasintha chilankhulo chalamulo kukhala chitetezero chothandiza. M'nyengo ya kuyang'anira anthu, kuyang'anira malamulo, ndi kukangana kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndi kutsutsana, Bill of Rights kumakhalabe kutetezera kwanu kwabwino. Mwakufufuza chitetezo chimenechi, kuwatsimikizira mwanzeru, ndi kuthandiza ena kuchita chimodzimodzi, mumalimbikitsa kuyesa kwa democracy. Lamulolo siliri chikalata chongokhalira moyo nthaŵi iliyonse imene nzika imakhalanso yoyenerera kuyang'anira chilungamo. Kuyenera kwanu, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutetezera.