Zida Zofufuzira Nkhani: Kupatsa Nzika Mphamvu Yopanga Zosankha Zanzeru

Kufunika Kofunika Kofufuza Chidziŵitso m’Nyengo Yamakono

M’nyengo imene chidziŵitso chimayendera mofulumira kwambiri, kukhoza kupenda zinthu zimene zili m’nkhanizo kwakhala luso lofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Nzika zimauzidwa nkhani zambiri, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, malonda, ndi zinthu zina zotsatsa malonda . Popanda zipangizo zodziwira bwino, anthu amatha kusankha zinthu motsatira mabodza, kupotoza, kapena umboni wosakwanira. Nkhaniyi imapereka kufufuza kokwanira kwa zinthu zothandiza, chuma, ndiponso njira zothandizira oŵerenga kuti apeze chidziŵitso ndi kupanga zosankha zolondola ndi zodzisankhira bwino pamoyo wawo ndi akatswiri.

Ziyambukiro za kulephera kwa chidziŵitso zikuposa kungolakwika kwa munthu mmodzi. Mistation yagwirizanitsidwa ndi katemera wa kuchedwa, kuloŵerera m'masankho, chinyengo cha ndalama, ndipo ngakhale chiwawa. Mwakuphunzira njira zofufuzira, nzika sizingadziteteze okha komanso zingathandizire ku nkhani yapoyera yabwino. Zida zimene zafotokozedwa panozi zakonzedwa kuti zikhale zopezeka kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi chake, ndipo zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito ku mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu zimene zilipo.

Malo Opangira Mafulemu Opangira Maziko Otentha

Malo angapo opangidwa amathandiza anthu kuona ngati zinthuzo n’zodalirika ndiponso kuti n’zodalirika.

Kuyesa kwa CRAAP: Chiŵiya Chochititsa Chidwi

Kupima kwa CRAAP koyambitsidwa ndi oyang’anira laibulale pa California State University, Chico, kuli chimodzi cha zigawo zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri.

• Umboni: Kodi chidziŵitso chinafalitsidwa kapena kuikidwapo? Kodi chasinthidwa kapena kukonzedwa?
• Kusintha: Kodi chidziŵitsocho chimayankha mwachindunji funso lanu lofufuza kapena lofunikira? Ganizirani ofunikira: kodi chinalembedwa kwa akatswiri, oŵerenga okha, kapena anthu ena?
• [[FLT: 0] Ulemu: Kodi wolemba, wofalitsa, kapena wochirikiza ? Kodi ali ndi ziyeneretso zotani kapena mayanjano? Funani chidziŵitso cha foni, akatswiri, ndi kuchirikiza gulu. Samalani ndi olemba osadziŵika kapena magwero osadziŵika amene ali ndi zikondwerero.
• Kufufuza: Kodi chidziŵitsocho nchochirikizidwa ndi umboni? Chingatsimikizidwe ku magwero ena odalirika? Chenjerani kuti muone mawu, magwero a chidziŵitso, ndi ngati zimene zalembedwazo zaonedwa ndi ausinkhu wanu kapena zafufuzidwa. Samalani ndi kulembedwa kwa mawu, galamala, ndi kusasinthasintha kwakuya kwakuya kungasonyeze kufufuza kwaukatswiri.
• Purpose : [1] Nchifukwa ninji chidziŵitsocho chiripo? Kodi nkudziŵitsa, kuphunzitsa, kugulitsa, kusangalatsa, kapena kukopa? Zindikirani: kuli chilankhulo, mbali imodzi, kapena cholinga? Kumvetsetsa chifuno kumakuthandizani kupenda kuthekera kapena kufalitsa mabodza.

Kuyesa CRAAP n’kothandiza kwambiri makamaka kwa ophunzira, atolankhani, ndi aliyense wofufuza zamaphunziro kapena akatswiri. Chidachi n’chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa mabuku, nkhani, mawebusaiti, ndiponso ngakhale malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Kuti muwonjezere khalidwe lanu, ganizirani za pepala loyesera la CSU Chico [1]

Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Intaneti: Njira Yamakono Yopezera Zinthu Zokhala pa Intaneti

Mike Caulfield anatulukira njira yothandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino pa Intaneti ku Washington State University.

• Ima: Musanagawana kapena kudalira chidziŵitso, tengani mphindi ya kuima ndi kusinkhasinkha. Kodi mukudziŵa magwero ake? Kodi yankho lanu lamalingaliro nlokwera? Chipwirikiti chachikulu chikhoza kupitirira maganizo osuliza.
• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Pezani makope abwinopo: Mmalo mosanthula mbali imodzi ya nkhani, funafunani lipoti kapena kufufuza kuchokera ku magwero ambiri odziimira. Malo odalirika a nyuzi, macheke, ndi ma dataketi a maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka malingaliro abwinopo.
• Zonena, mawu, ndi zoulutsira mawu ku mawu oyambirira: Malo osungiramo zinthu kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsa chidziŵitso kuchokera ku magwero ake oyambirira, kupotoza tanthauzo. Trace imabwereranso kuphunziro loyamba, mawu, kapena pepala lotsimikizira kulondola.

SIFT iri yogwira mtima kwambiri kupenda nkhani zoulutsidwa, makampani oulutsira nkhani za mavairasi, ndi opangidwa ndi ogwiritsira ntchito. Imagogomezera chipambano : mmalo mwa kuthera maola akusanthula tsatanetsatane uliwonse, ogwiritsira ntchito amaphunzira mwamsanga chidziŵitso. Chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane chimapezeka pa statuth. org .

Mafremest: RADAR ndi 5Ws

Mafanizo ena oyeza amapereka malingaliro ogwirizana:

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wopangidwa ndi ofufuza mabuku pa Empicott College , imagogomezera kumvetsetsa kuyambika kwa chidziŵitso ? Kodi ndani amapindula ndi chofalitsidwa chake?
• 5Ws (Anati, Kodi, Nchifukwa Ninji, Nchifukwa Ninji, Nchifukwa ninji , "'''zabwino ," Ndi njira yosavuta ya mtolankhani. Kodi ndani analemba zimenezi? Kodi ndi iti imene inafalitsidwa? Kodi inafalitsidwa kuti? Nchifukwa ninji ilipo? Njira yotchuka imeneyi imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pofufuza mwamsanga.

Zida Zothandiza ndi Zothandiza Potsimikizira

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zina, zipangizo zamakono ndi zamakono zingathandize kutsimikizira zimene anthu amanena ndi kudziwa zinthu zolakwika.

Mawebusaiti ndi Mabungwe Ofufuza Zenizeni

Akatswiri ofufuza mfundo za m'Baibulo apanga njira zodalirika zotsimikizira zimene anthu amanena pa ndale, zaumoyo, zasayansi, ndi za chikhalidwe.

• Snopes : [[FLT :1] Imodzi ya malo akale ndi olondola kwambiri, yophatikizapo nthano za m’mizinda, mphekesera za pa Intaneti, ndi nkhani za ndale zadziko. Kuchezera Masunape [1]
• FactCcock.org : projekiti yosagawana ya Annenberg Policy Center yomwe imatsimikizira kulondola kwa maupoti andale zadziko a U.S. FactC. org.
• PLATIFACT:[[FT:1] Amasumika maganizo pa mfundo zopendedwa ndi andale zadziko ndi ziŵerengero za anthu ku United States, pogwiritsa ntchito “Truth-O- Meter” njira yodziŵira. [[FLT:] Kuyendera Politifact
• Maiko-OfCCN] Amitundu yonse Active Network (IFCN): Mapangano a mfundo apadziko lonse amene amapereka mpambo wa malamulo ndi chikalata cha mabungwe otsimikiziridwa. Mayiko ambiri ali ndi njira zawo zopimira gulu; pulogalamu ya IFCN ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuyambitsa.

Poyang'anizana ndi chinenezo chokayikitsa, kufufuza kwa mwamsanga pa malo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri kungavumbule ngati adachotsedwa kapena kutsimikiziridwa. Kaamba ka chidziŵitso cholakwika chokhudza thanzi, bungwe la World Health Organization yoyang'anira zaumoyo limapereka chitsogozo chodalirika.

Kufufuzanso chithunzi ndi Kutsimikizira kwa Ofalitsa

Zithunzi ndi mavidiyo kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuchotsedwa pa nkhani yake. Zida zonga Google Kusintha Kufufuza kwa Chithunzi , .Tine] [, ndi Yandex PhulueSearch [[FLT:]] kulola kuti muike chithunzi kapena mupereke URL kuti mupeze kumene chawonekera pa Intaneti. Izi zingavumbulire ngati chithunzi chakale, cholakwika, kapena chosinthidwa ndi wiri. Pakuti, zida zonga [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT:] [FLT]

Ziŵiya zimenezi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri makamaka potsegulira nkhani, pamene zithunzi zakale zimakonzedwanso mobwerezabwereza kuti zipange nkhani zonama. Chitani pulogalamu yogwiritsa ntchito TINE] kufunafuna chithunzi chakumbuyo [ kutsimikizira zimene mukuona musanagawirene.

Malo ndi Kufufuza Kwake

Si mawebusaiti onse amene anapangidwa olingana, koma gwiritsani ntchito njira zimenezi pofufuza ngati malo amene anthu sawadziwa ndi odalirika:

• WHOIS Sekerera: [[FLT :1] Pamene malo analembetsedwa ndi amene ali. Malo olembetsedwa chatsopano omwe amatsanzira ma stape a nyuzi amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri kuchotsa mawu.
• Ndandanda ya Mapasa:[[FLT :1] Malo opezeka ngati [[FLT :2] Mapangano a Media Media Bias Tshati kapena Allides Ass wireding threads passs this thicreases . Pamene kuli kwakuti matchatiwawa ali ndi malire, amapereka poyambira kumvetsetsa kwa ndale zadziko zodalira pa buku.
• Seŵera pepala "About": [[FLT :1] Zolembedwa zodziŵika zimafotokoza bwino ntchito yawo, kukhala kwawo, miyezo ya mkonzi, ndi chidziŵitso cha olemba. Chidziŵitso kapena kusoŵa ndi mbendera yofiira.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Luso la Kufufuza m’Malinga Apamwamba

Kudziwa zinthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene zili m’dziko. M’munsimu muli ndandanda yatsatanetsatane yoonera zinthu zimene zingathandize kwambiri popanga zosankha.

Nkhani Zaumoyo: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo a Zachipatala pa Intaneti

Pofufuza matenda, mankhwala, kapena katemera, tsatirani njira izi:

• Sekezani magwero: Kusankha chidziŵitso kuchokera ku mabungwe a zaumoyo a boma (m' lekuatiso, CDC, FDA, WHO), mabungwe aakulu azamankhwala (m' lekuatiso, Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins), ndi magazini owonedwa ndi ausinkhu wanu. Musamakhulupirire malo a Intaneti, osonkhezera anthu olankhula nawo, kapena malo a malonda ogulitsa zinthu.
• Pezani kugwirizana kwa sayansi: Gwiritsirani ntchito malo monga PubMud kapena Google Wophunzira kuti mupeze maphunziro oyambirira. Samalani ndi kukula kwa msinkhu, kupenda kwa ausinkhu wanu, ndi ngati zopezedwa zakopedwa. Chenjerani ndi zolembedwa zotengedwa kapena umboni wa aecdota.
• Akatswiri a zamankhwala: Kufufuza pa Intaneti kuyenera kugwirizana, osati kulowa mmalo, uphungu wochokera kwa wosamalira zaumoyo wokhoza. Nthaŵi zonse kambitsiranani ndi dokotala za njira zachithandizo.
• Pewani "machiritso ozizwitsa" Mawu amene amawoneka kukhala abwino kwambiri kusakhala owona [1] monga chowonjezera chimodzi chochiritsa matenda ambiri(] nthaŵi zambiri ndi onama. Gwiritsirani ntchito yoyesa ya CRAP "Purpose": malo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhalapo kugulitsa zinthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mliri wa CHOVAD-19 unachititsa kuti machiritso monga hydroxychloroquine afalikire mofulumira. Mabungwe ofufuza mwamsanga anatsimikizira kuti kupima kwa odwala sikunapindulitse. Kugwiritsira ntchito zida monga Snopes kapena Dector Seck

Nkhani zandale ndi Chidziŵitso Chosankha

Nthaŵi zosankha zikhoza kupezeka mosavuta ndi makampani oulutsa zinthu.

• Kutsimikizira magwero a nyuzi: Jekezo ya nkhani zotseguka ndi ziŵiya ziŵiri zodziŵika (m' lekuatiso, AP, Reuters, BBC, nyuzipepala yakumaloko). Ngati nkhani iwonekera kokha pa malo obisika, isamalireni ndi kukayikira kwakukulu.
• Kuzindikira njira zogwiritsira ntchito masinthidwe: Kuyang'ana kaamba ka mawu a maganizo, magwero osatchulidwa dzina, kulingana konyenga, ndi zilembo zimene zimafeŵetsa nkhani zovuta. Njira ya SIFT "Masitepe" njofunika pano.
• Sekeza chidziŵitso cha voti: njira zachisankho zalamulo [1] Kuipitsa malo, masiku olembetsa, malamulo a makalata olembera, ndi oyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku mawebusaiti a boma kapena akwanuko, osatumiza mauthenga.
• Gwiritsirani ntchito zotsogolera zosakhala apartisan: [[FT:1] Mabungwe onga Jote411 [[Kuchokera ku Chigwirizano cha Akazi Voters] (kuchokera ku Chigwirizano cha Akazi) mumapereka chidziŵitso chodalirika cha chisankho.

Kufufuza mlandu: M'chosankha cha 2020 cha ku United States, zikalata za mavairasi zinanena kuti mavoti anali kutayidwa kapena kuti makina ovotera anasintha mavoti. Akatswiri a zinthu kuchokera ku PolitiFact ndi FactCheck org anafufuza zimenezi, kaŵirikaŵiri kuwapeza kuchokera ku kusuliza kapena chinyengo chenicheni. Nzika zimene zinadalira pa mitu yotsimikiziridwa imeneyi zinali zokhoza bwino kukana kupotoza.

Nkhani za Pakanema ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Malamulo a zaumoyo a pa TV ndi pa TV amaika patsogolo pangano lolondola.

• Gwiritsirani ntchito njira ya SIFT: [1] Kuima, kufufuza magwero, kupeza mafiti abwino, ndi kulondola mawu oyambirira. Mete ingakhale inatsanulidwa chithunzi kapena mawu ogwidwa kuchokera ku mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo.
• Kangale tsiku: Mbiri yakale kaŵirikaŵiri imabweranso monga “kuswa. " Mwachitsanzo, , nkhani yonena za tsoka lachilengedwe la zaka zapitazo ingagawidwe ngati kuti langochitika kumene.
• Dziŵani maakaunti a bot: Maakaunti a Chichewa kaŵirikaŵiri amafalitsidwa mogwirizanitsa. Ziŵiya zonga Botometer [[FLT ] (ku Indiana ) ) zingasanthula maakaunti a Twitter kaamba ka khalidwe longa la bot.
• Musakulitse popanda kutsimikizira: Ngakhale kugawana kokayikira (m’ lekuatiso, “Kodi ichi chingakhale chowona?” kungafalitse zolakwika. Mmalomwake, funafunani nkhaniyo mwamtseri musanaloŵemo.

Tangoganizirani za kachilombo kena kamene kananena kuti munthu wina wodziwika bwino ananena zinthu zoipa. Musanachitepo kanthu, gwiritsani ntchito malo ofufuzira zinthu kapena kufunafuna mwamsanga kuti muone ngati mawuwo atsimikiziridwa.

Kumvetsa Njira Zofufuzira Zimene Zikuthandiza

Ngakhale ziwiya zabwino kwambiri sizingagwire ntchito ngati anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo sakudziwa kuti ali ndi maganizo olakwika.

• Kutsimikizira: Chikhoterero cha kuyanja chidziŵitso chimene chimatsimikizira zikhulupiriro zokhalako ndi kunyalanyaza umboni wotsutsana. Kutsutsa zimenezi, funafunani mokangalika malingaliro otsutsana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito RADAR glames "Rantale" muyezo.
• [[FLT: 0] Kupezeka kwa katemera: Kuona kuti kuthekera kwa chochitika chozikidwa pa mmene zitsanzo zimakhalira zosavuta kukumbukira. Mbala zambiri zojambula zimaphimba ziŵerengero za masamu. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani imodzi yonena za chiyambukiro cha katemera wachilendo ingawopsezeke kwambiri kuposa ziŵerengero zenizeni za ngozi.
• Chiyambukiro chakudzikongoletsa-kugwiritsira ntchito: Kunyalanyaza kukhoza kwa munthu kusanthula chidziŵitso. Izi nzofala kwambiri ndi nkhani zovuta kwambiri monga sayansi kapena zachuma. Kulitsani kudzichepetsa kwanzeru ndi kudalira pa kuvomerezana kwa akatswiri.
• Kusintha kwa moto: [[FLT :1] Popeza chidziŵitso chowongolera, anthu ena amaŵirikiza kaŵiri pa chikhulupiriro chawo choyambirira chonyenga. Ichi sichofala kwambiri kuposa mmene anaganizira poyamba, koma chimagogomezera kufunika kwa kulankhulana kosasamala, kosadziŵika powongolera zolakwika.

Kuzindikira za kukondera kumeneku ndiko sitepe loyamba. Kupenda kosasamala m’njira yanu yofufuzira: dzifunseni kuti, ‘ Kodi ndingaone chidziŵitso ichi mofanana ngati chichirikiza mfundo zosiyana? Kugwiritsira ntchito mapangidwe onga CRAAP ndi SIFT kumapereka kupenda kotsutsana ndi kalingaliridwe kachibadwa kameneka.

Kuphunzira Kuphunzira Zinthu

Masukulu, malaibulale, ndi mabungwe a anthu amathandiza kwambiri pophunzitsa maluso ofufuza.

Kusintha Kuphunzira Kuŵerenga ndi Kuŵerenga Nkhani za M’manyuzipepala

Maiko ambiri mu U.S. ndi maiko apadziko lonse tsopano amalamulira maphunziro a zoulutsira mawu. Ofufuza akusonyeza kuti ophunzira amene amalandira malangizo omveka bwino openda magwero amachita bwino koposa kusiyanitsa chidziŵitso chodalirika ndi chonyenga. Mbali zazikulu za maprogramu achipambano:

• Aphunzitsi amayeserera kupenda nkhani zenizeni, malo olankhulira, ndi mavidiyo pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a CRAAP kapena njira ya SANTIFT. The Stanford History Education Group’s [[FL:2] CCOP] Online Reasoning Service imapereka mapulani aulere.
• Ndi makambitsirano: ophunzira olimbikitsa kutetezera malingaliro awo a magwero amakulitsa malingaliro osuliza ndi kuwaika ku malingaliro osiyana.
• Kachitidwe ka kulangiza: Kuphunzira chidziŵitso kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa osati kokha m'laibulale kapena m'makalasi oulutsira nkhani, koma m’mbiri, sayansi, ndi Chingelezi. Mwachitsanzo, aphunzitsi a sayansi angatsogolere ophunzira ku kupenda kukhulupirika kwa zonena za thanzi za pa Intaneti.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Ndiponso Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito

Anthu akuluakulu angapindulenso ndi maphunziro olinganizidwa monga Lavera, edX, ndi Future Learning akupereka maphunziro a maganizo osuliza, kulemba ndi kulemba, ndi kupenda mfundo. Zitsanzo zodziŵika:

• Katswiri wa za moyo wa anthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pulojekiti ya nyuzipepala: Pulogalamu yothandiza anthu kudziwa mfundo zolakwika, kumvetsa kukondera, ndi kuyendetsa nkhani.
• " Kupanga Kulingalira kwa Mbiri" ndi Yunivesite ya Hong Kong (Coursera): [ Kosi yaulere yophatikizapo kulemba nkhani ndi maluso otsimikizirika.
• [[FLT: 0]" Media Literacy in Age Digital" yolembedwa ndi University of Michigan (edX): imauza mphamvu ya maatom ndi ma pheans pa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso.

Anthu Oyamba Kuyamba Kuyenda M’derali

Malaibulale a anthu onse ndi malo a maphunziro akuluakulu angapereke malo ofufuzira chidziŵitso, makamaka kwa nzika zachikulire zimene zingakhoze kuchitiridwa chinyengo pa Intaneti. Programu zonga Melikan Library Association ya zinthu zonama za kampani za kampani zimathandiza kukonza maprogramu oyenera.

Ntchito ya Malamulo, Malamulo, ndi Lamulo

Kapangidwe ka makina oonera zinthu kamodzi pakokha kamathandiza kuti munthu asakhale ndi nzeru zolakwika poganizira kaye kuti zimene akufuna kuchitazo ndi zoona.

Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amachititsa kuti anthu azitengeka maganizo, azigawanitsana, ndiponso azilankhulana molakwika chifukwa chakuti amatulutsa makina otsegulira zinthu. Ogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti angachepetse zimenezi mwa:

• Kutsatira zakudya zawo: Kutsatira maakaunti ochokera kwa atolankhani otsimikiziridwa, asayansi, ndi ofufuza zenizeni. Kusatsatira kapena kusalankhula kumene kumagaŵana mobwerezabwereza mawu olakwika.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito zida za pulatifomu: Mapulatifomu ena amapereka malembo apatsogolo kapena kuyang'ana tsatanetsatane wa zinthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti mapulogalamu ameneŵa ndi opanda ungwiro, amapereka njira yofulumira yofufuzira zambiri.
• Kusonyeza kuonekera kwa : Wochirikiza mapulatifomu kuvumbula mmene ma algoritime awo amagwirira ntchito ndi kupatsa ogwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro wowonjezereka pa chigawo chake.

Malamulo monga lamulo la European Union’s Digital Services Act, amafunika kuti pakhale malo oonerapo ngozi za kusatsa malonda ndi kupereka zinthu zotsatiridwa ndi anthu otsatsa malonda.

Kumaliza: Kukayikira Kufikira pa Kupatsa Mphamvu

Kufufuza chidziŵitso sikukhudza kukayikira kapena kukayikira chilichonse. M’malo mwake, ndi mphamvu imene imatheketsa anthu kuyenda modabwitsa ndi chidaliro. Mwakuphunzira zinthu monga mayeso a CRAAP ndi njira ya SIFT, kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zotsimikizira ngati kuyang'anira chithunzi ndi mawebusaiti ofufuza zinthu, kuzindikira za kutengeka maganizo, ndi kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa dongosolo la zinthu, nzika zingadziteteze kuti zisasokoneze ndi kuthandizira anthu odziŵa zambiri.

Kulephera kupenda chidziŵitso n’kokwera kwambiri, osati kwa anthu okha komanso kwa demokrase yeniyeniyo. Misproficiation imafooketsa chidaliro m’mabungwe, kugaŵanitsa anthu, ndi kutsogolera ku zosankha za munthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, anthu okhala ndi maluso amphamvu ofufuza zinthu amalimbanirana ndi mabodza ndipo amapanga zosankha zimene zimawongolera zinthu bwino mogwirizana.

Mukadzakumana ndi mfundo inayake yodabwitsa, mudzaime kaye n’kutsatira mfundo zimene zafotokozedwa panozi.