Kuchuluka kwa Chiweruzo cha HR Polimbana ndi Tsankho la Nyengo Yathu Ino

Tsankho la amisinkhu likupitirizabe ndipo silinanenedwe bwino. M’nyengo imene antchito ambiri ali ofala, antchito a misinkhu yonse amayenerera ntchito imene imawaweruza pa maluso awo, zopereka, ndi kuthekera kwa chaka chawo chobadwa. Zifuno za anthu (HR) zikukhala pamalo apakati a chitokoso chimenechi, kutumikira monga njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku machitachita opalamula ndi woyendetsa woyendetsa woyamba wa chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi cha anthu. Ntchito ya HR pothetsa kudandaula kwa ausinkhu wawo siingokhala yongofuna kutchuka; n’njoyera, yalamulo, ndi ya makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Pamene zichitidwa bwino, HR zingasinthe kudandaula kuchokera ku chochitika choipacho m'kakonzedwe ka zinthu. Pamene kuwonongeka, zotsatira zake zikuchotsedwa pa kuwonongeka kwa antchito ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbiri yabwino ya anthu. Understate.

Kumvetsetsa Tsankho la Nyengo: Kuposa Mitundu ndi Kulingalira Kwabwino

Tsankho la misinkhu, lodziŵikanso kukhala ukalamba, limaphatikizapo kuchitira wosayenerera wantchito kapena wofunsira ntchito chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo. Pamene kuli kwakuti zitetezero pansi pa malamulo onga ngati Age Discrimination in Obster Act (ADEA) ku United States zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji kwa anthu a zaka 40 ndi zaukalamba, tsankho lozikidwa pa msinkhu lingayambukirenso antchito achichepere. Mfungulo njakuti ukalamba umakhala chosankha chochita ponena za kulembedwa ntchito, kukwezedwa, kubwezeredwa, magawo a ntchito, kapena kuchotsedwa, kudalira ntchito kwalamulo kwa malingaliridwe.

Zinthu zimene zimasonyeza kaŵirikaŵiri tsankho la msinkhu ndi izi:

  • Kufuna kukondera: Kupempha "omaliza maphunziro apamwamba" kapena "olandira" kusaphatikizapo okalamba ofunsira; kapena mosiyana, kufuna "aphunzitsi anthaŵi yake" m’njira zimene zimafooketsa oyembekezera achichepere.
  • malipiro osalingana ndi mapindu: Kupereka malipiro ocheperapo kwa antchito okalamba ozikidwa pa malingaliro a mbiri ya malipiro awo, kapena kuchepetsa mapindu kwa magulu ena a misinkhu.
  • Mipata ya kupita patsogolo yosagwirizana: Kudutsa pa antchito achikulire kaamba ka kukwezedwa ndi mabwenzi achichepere, akumalingalira kuti iwo alibe kusinthika kapena kukhala ndi patsogolo pafupi.
  • Kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa: Kusankha antchito okalamba pokonzanso pansi pa kujambulanso mtengo kapena "kukonzanso dziŵe la talente.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha ndi ma microdractrive: Kutseguka ndi kuiwala za kukumbukira, mphamvu, kapena luso la zopangapanga; ndemanga zonga "Mudzapuma pantchito liti? kapena "Muli wamng'ono kwambiri kumvetsetsa mmene zinthu zimagwirira ntchito kuno.
  • Kuchotsapo ndi kukula kwa maphunziro: Kulingalira kuti antchito okalamba safunikira kapena kufuna kuphunzira maluso atsopano, mwakutero kuwamana iwo mwaŵi wa kukula kwaukatswiri.

Kuzindikira njira imeneyi ndi chinthu choyamba kwa akatswiri a HR. Nthaŵi zambiri tsankho la msinkhu limavuta kwambiri kuzindikira osati kukondera. N’chifukwa chake HR iyenera kuyang'ana ukalamba mogwirizana ndi kusamala, kulinganiza, ndi kutsimikiza kupenda njira za ntchito.

Udindo wa Anthu Osankhana Zinthu M’zaka Zathu

Dipatimenti ya HR imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pankhani ya kusankhana misinkhu: kufufuza, kulemba mapulani, mphunzitsi, ndi wopereka malangizo a chikhalidwe. Magawo ameneŵa sasinthasintha zinthu koma amagwirizana, ndipo amafuna kuti HR ikhale ndi chifundo chogwirizana ndi mfundo za m’gulu ndi malamulo.

Kulandira ndi Kuyesa Kudandaula

Pamene kudandaula kwa nyengo ya tsankho kwachitidwa, koloko imayamba pa yankho la HR. Udindo waukulu ndi kulandira dandaulolo mopanda mantha ndi mwaulemu, mosasamala kanthu kuti lipotilo lingakhale lotani. HR iyenera kukhala inakhazikitsa njira zosonyezera nkhaŵa za antchito popanda kuopa kubwezera — kaya kupyolera mwa manijala wopatulira, woimira HR, wosadziŵa bwino, kapena woperekera lipoti wachitatu. Chidandaulo chilichonse, ngakhale kuti poyamba chingakhale chosamveka bwino, chiyenera kutsatidwa ndi kuyankha kwapanthaŵi yake. Kulephera kuchitapo kanthu pa kudandaula kungamvedwe ngati kuvomereza dala kulakwa kwa kuphwanya malamulo, ndi m'malemba mawu alamulo, kungagwiritsiridwe monga umboni wa dongosolo la ntchito yotsutsa.

Kufufuza Mopanda Tsankho

Kufufuza ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yofufuzira. Pamene apeza chidandaulo chamwambo cha tsankho la msinkhu wawo, HR iyenera kuchita kufufuza kosamalitsa, kosakondera, ndi mwachinsinsi.

  • Kusonkhanitsa gulu lolondola la kufufuza: Moyenerera, wofufuzayo alibe unansi ndi zigaŵenga zoloŵetsedwamo ndipo amaphunzitsidwa lamulo la tsankho ndi maluso ofufuza.
  • Umboni wopereka umboni wotsatira: Kupenda zikalata zoyenerera zonga kupenda maluso, ma email, zolembedwa za ntchito, kukweza, ndi matchati a gulu. Kuyerekezera kuchitidwa kwa wodandaulayo ndi antchito a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana kaŵirikaŵiri kumavumbula.
  • Kufunsa: Kulankhula ndi wodandaula, munthu woimbidwa mlandu (s), ndi mboni iliyonse. Kufunsa kuyenera kutsatira lamulo lolinganizidwa kutsimikizira kusasintha ndi kuvomereza.
  • Kulemba umboni: Kupanga lipoti lolembedwa limene limafupikitsa umboni, kutchula zotsutsana, ndi kufikira polingalira motsatira umboni woyambirira — osati pa malingaliro kapena zoyerekezera.
  • Kutchula machitachita oyenera: Ngati papezeka, HR iyenera kuvomereza njira zothetsera zoyambira pa kachitidwe ka chilango ndi masinthidwe a dongosolo, kuphunzitsidwa, kapena ngakhale kutha. Ngati kudandaulako kuli kosatsimikizirika, HR iyenerabe kulemba ntchito ndi kuona ngati nkhani zilizonse za dongosolo la zinthu zatulukiridwa motsatira.

Kutsatira Mfundo za Malamulo ndi Kutsatira Mfundo za M’malamulo

Akatswiri a HR ayenera kukhala ozoloŵerana kwambiri ndi malamulo olamulira tsankhu la amisinkhu. Ku United States, Age Discrimination in Account Act (ADEA) imaletsa tsankho kwa anthu a zaka 40 ndi kuposapo pantchito. Malamulo amasiyana kwambiri, koma malamulo oyendetsera ntchito yogwirizana ndi msinkhu wawo amasinthasintha kwambiri. Kupitirira malamulo a boma, mayiko ambiri ali ndi malamulo awo amene angapereke chitetezo chachikulu kapena kugwira ntchito kwa antchito achinyamata.

Kupereka ndalama kumatanthauza zambiri kuposa kungopeŵa kuzengedwa mlandu. Kumafunikira HR:

  • Kambirananinso malamulo a kampaniyo chaka chilichonse kuti mutsimikizire kuti malamulo a masiku ano akugwirizana ndi malamulo amene alipo.
  • Mabwana a sukulu ndi oyang’anira ntchito yawo pansi pa lamulo.
  • Muyenera kukhala ndi mbiri yolondola ya ntchito, kukwezedwa pantchito, ndi kutha kwa zosankha zofunikira pa kuŵerengera ndalama kapena kulembedwa.
  • Tsimikizirani kuti malongosoledwe a ntchito, njira zochitira ntchito, ndi kupita patsogolo nzogwirizana ndi ntchito ndipo nthaŵi zonse zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu.
  • Tsatirani mwamsanga zinenezo zilizonse za EEOC kapena kufufuza kwa bungwe la boma, mukugwira ntchito pamodzi mokwanira pamene mukutetezera zikondwerero za gulu.

Kuphunzitsa Ena

Kuteteza kuyenera kuyamba mwa kuzindikira. HR iyenera kukhazikitsa maprogramu ophunzitsa amene amasamalira tsankho la amisinkhu yosiyana monga nkhani yaikulu — osati monga mawu amtsinde m’maphunziro osiyanasiyana.

  • Njira zachinyengo zimene anthu amakondera amisinkhu yawo zimasonyeza kuti tsiku lililonse amacheza ndi anthu ndiponso amasankha zochita.
  • Zimachitikira anthu paokha komanso gulu la Yehova.
  • Ziphunzitso zolimbikitsa kulankhula ndi kuchita zinthu mosabisa.
  • Zimene mungachite kuti mudziwe zimene zikukudetsani nkhawa komanso zimene mungachite kuti musabwezere.
  • Nkhani ya malonda ya misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kufufuza kosonyeza kuti magulu a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana amasonkhezera kukonzanso zinthu ndi kupanga zosankha zabwinopo.

Kuphunzitsa kuyenera kukhala kwalamulo kwa antchito onse ndi manejala, kochitidwa pa kukwera maboti ndi chaka pambuyo pake.

Kuteteza Mabanja: Mabungwe Oletsa Kukalamba

Kudikira kuti adzudzule ndi njira yochitirapo kanthu. Ntchito yaikulu ya HR ndiyo kupanga madongosolo amene amaletsa tsankho la msinkhu kuti lisachitike. Kuletsa ntchito kumafuna chisamaliro chadala pa mbali iliyonse ya ntchito yoyendera moyo.

Kubisa ndi Kubwezera

Bias angalowe m'ntchito yapanthaŵi ya ntchito yomwe alemba. HR iyenera kupenda ntchito zolembedwa kuti zichotse chinenero cha misinkhu. Mawu onga "omaliza maphunziro a pakoleji," "obadwa," "achichepere ndi achangu," kapena "otchuka" angapereke chizindikiro chachinsinsi chokonda gulu la amisinkhu yakutiyakuti. Kufunsa mafunso oyenera kwa onse ofuna kubatizidwa kuti achepetseko kukondera. Kuwonjezera apo, HR iyenera kutsimikizira kuti alembenso miagwero ya ntchito — kaya makomiti a ntchito, mayunivesite, kapena a akatswiri a za ntchito — oyambiranso kwa zaka zosiyanasiyana. Osadziŵa zinthu, kumene maina ndi masiku omaliza maphunziro achotsedwa, kuli umboni wina wothandiza kuchepetsa kuŵerengera kwa msinkhu.

Kusamalira Ntchito

Kufufuza ntchito ndi magwero ofala a tsankho la misinkhu pamene antchito okalamba alandira ziŵerengero zotsika zozikidwa pa malamulo osagwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito kwenikweni. HR iyenera kutsimikizira kuti matelefoni aluso ali omveka, otsimikiza, ndi ogwiritsiridwa ntchito mosasintha. Oyang'anira ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuteteza kupenda kotsatira kuzoloŵera kwa luso la zopangapangapanga, mphamvu, kapena kulakalaka. Makampani a nthaŵi zonse akambirana kuŵerengera kwawo kuti atsimikizire kuti gululo likhale lolungama, angathandize kuzindikira ndi kulondola malingana ndi kusiyanitsa kwa msinkhu asanakhale adongosolo la zinthu.

Kupititsa Patsogolo Ntchito

Tsankho la misinkhu kaŵirikaŵiri limawonekera monga "silingi ya dilasi" ya antchito achikulire omwe amapitirizidwa kaamba ka kupita patsogolo kwa anzanga achichepere. HR iyenera kutsata kukwezedwa ndi gulu la amisinkhu kuti ione kusiyana. Ngati antchito okalamba akunyalanyazidwa mosalekeza, kampani ingafunikire kupenda ziyeneretso zake za kukwezedwa, mwaŵi waulangizi wopezeka kwa antchito achikulire, ndi kuwonekera kwa atsogoleri achikulire m'gulu. Molingana ndi izi, antchito achichepere sayenera kusungidwa ndi malingaliro ponena za kukonzekera kwawo. Programme za kukulitsa ntchito, kubwezeredwa kwa ntchito, ndi kukhoza kuwonjezera ntchito kuyenera kupezeka kwa antchito amisinkhu yonse.

Kuchotsedwa Ntchito ndi Kulangizidwa

Pamene makampani ayang'anizana ndi kutsika kwa ntchito kapena kulinganizanso, tsankhu laukalamba limafanana kwambiri. HR iyenera kutsimikizira kuti zosankha zochotsedwa zimadalira pa malamulo alamulo a bizinesi monga kugwira ntchito, maluso, ndi mabizinesi — osati pausinkhu, kapena pamlingo wa ntchito. Kuchititsa ziyambukiro zopatulidwa asanamaliza kutsegulidwa kukhoza kuvumbula ngati kutsika kwa mapu a anthu okalamba kolingaliridwa kukuyambukira. Ngati kutero, HR iyenera kugwira ntchito ndi utsogoleri kuti ipeŵe kuwonongeka. Kupatula modzi kwa ndandanda ya kukhozanso kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusankhidwa pamene akupatsa antchito odzisankhira ndi ulemu.

Kukonza Malamulo ndi Kukonza Malo: Kukonza Malo Okongola

Malo alamulo ozungulira tsankho la msinkhu ali ovuta ndipo nthaŵi zonse amasintha. Akatswiri a HR sayenera kungomvetsetsa malamulowo komanso kutsata malamulo a anthu ndi kutulukira lamulo. Ku United States, ADEA idakali lamulo lalikulu la boma, koma ukulu wake ndi kutsata kwake zikupitirizabe kupangidwa ndi zigamulo za khoti. Mwachitsanzo, khoti Lapamwamba lamilandu lapampando lamilandu lakhala lotsimikizira kuti zaka za munthu ndi "kokha chifukwa cha" zochititsa ntchito yovuta, muyezo wapamwamba kuposa malamulo ena otsutsa ufulu wa dziko. Zimenezi zimachititsa umboni ndi kutsutsa kowonjezera kutsutsa.

EEOC imafalitsa chidziŵitso cha chaka ndi chaka chosungitsa lamulo chimene chimasonyeza kuti tsankho la msinkhu likupitirizabe kuimira mbali yaikulu ya milandu yonse yoimbidwa.

  • Kusankhana mitundu kumene malamulo kapena zochita za anthu zimakhudza magulu akuluakulu a antchito okalamba.
  • Kunena kuti abwezera, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri kumayendera limodzi ndi zinenezo za tsankho.
  • Anthu amene amavutitsidwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha mmene ntchito imakhalira, amanena kuti amavutitsidwa.
  • Kufuna kupatsidwa ntchito ndi kuikidwa m’gulu kwa anthu okalamba.

Kupyola ADEA, HR iyenera kudziŵa za kulingaliridwa kwina kwa lamulo, kuphatikizapo Elder Works Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA), imene imakhazikitsa ziyeneretso za olanda ufulu wa ADEA m'mapangano okhazikika, ndi Aamereka okhala ndi Chipatala (ADA), zimene zingaphatikizepo ndi mikhalidwe yaumoyo yokhudzana ndi. Padziko lonse, bungwe la European Union’s Modeficial Exature Direct, UK'S facial Act 2010, ndi malamulo ofanana ndi Canada, Australia, ndi Japan onse amapereka chitetezo ku tsankho la msinkhu, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi malamulo owonjezereka kuposa U.

Kusagwirizana kuli ndi zotulukapo zowopsa: zowonongeka za ndalama kuphatikizapo malipiro a kumbuyo, malipiro a kutsogolo, ndi ziwongolero zowonongedwa; malipiro a loya ndi ndalama zowonongedwa; chithandizo choperekedwa mwalamulo chofunikira kusintha malamulo; ndi kuvulaza kwa mbiri yabwino kumene kungayambukire kulembedwa kwa anthu, kukhulupirika kwa makasitomala, ndi chidaliro cha wosungitsa ndalama.

Kuchirikiza Ogwira Ntchito ndi Kumanga Chikhalidwe cha Zaka Zosakwanira

Pambuyo pa kufufuza ndi kutsatira mfundozo, HR ili ndi udindo waukulu woyambitsa malo antchito kumene tsankho la msinkhu silikuletsedwa chabe koma lili lopanda mwambo.

[[FLT: 0] Kugwirizana kwa mbadwo: [[FLT: 1] HR ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu aulangizi amene antchito aŵiri aukalamba m’magulu onse aŵiri — alangizi achikulire a antchito achichepere ndi olangiza ena kumene antchito achichepere amagaŵana ndi akatswiri a wailesi ndi a za mayanjano ndi anzawo achikulire. Zimenezi zimathetsa kudalirana ndi kukulitsa ulemu.

Programu zozindikira za msinkhu waudindo waudindo: Ntchito ziyenera kudalira pa zopereka, makhalidwe, osati msinkhu kapena kuonekera. Kutsimikizira kuti mphoto, mabhonasi, ndi kuvomereza kwa anthu pambali iliyonse ya ntchito.

Kukula kwa ntchito yofikirika: Antchito achikulire angafune kuwonjezera luso, kupha, kapena kuyesa ntchito zatsopano. HR iyenera kutsimikizira kuti maprogramu ophunzitsa, ndalama zothandizira, ndi maprogramu a mkati amachirikizidwa mochulukira ndi olinganizidwa kulinganiza maluso ndi mandandanda osiyanasiyana a kuphunzira.

Kusinthasintha kwa masitepe a moyo: [[FL:1] Kulephera m'makonzedwe a ntchito, kusankha ntchito yopuma pantchito, mapindu a akulu, ndi kusiya malamulo amene amazindikira mathayo osiyanasiyana a antchito amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana amene angayang’anizane nawo kungathandize kwambiri m’kusunga ndi kutomerana.

Kupenda ndi kusimba za misinkhu yosiyanasiyana: Zimene zikuyesedwa zikhoza kuchitidwa. HR iyenera kuyendera chiŵerengero cha anthu a msinkhu m'gulu lonselo, kupenda kukwezedwa ndi kubwerera kwa anthu paukalamba, ndi kusimba kuti atsogolera monga mbali ya kusiyanasiyana kwa kampani ndi kulembedwa kwa . Kuwonekera bwino ponena za kumene gulu liima kuli dalaivala wamphamvu wa kuŵerengera mlandu.

Magulu a antchito opereka ziŵiya (ERGS): AERGS a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, nthaŵi zina otchedwa "kubadwa" kapena "kuphatikizidwa" magulu, amapereka malo ophunzitsira antchito kuti agaŵane zokumana nazo, kuchirikiza kusintha, ndi kukulitsa kuzindikira za nkhani zokhudza msinkhu. Pamene magulu otero amachirikizidwa ndi HR ndi kupatsidwa mawu m’makambitsirano a za malamulo, amakhala magwero a nzeru ndi maluso.

Kumaliza: Kusiyana kwa Zaka

Ntchito ya Human Resources pothetsa madandaulo a anthu a misinkhu yosiyana imaposa kufufuza ndi kutsata lamulo. Ndi ntchito yapadera imene, pamene iphedwa bwino, imalimbitsa gulu lonse. Magulu a amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana abweretsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, zokumana nazo, ndi njira zosinthira. Amalimba kwambiri, amasinthasintha zinthu, ndiponso amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri kuti atumikire anthu osiyanasiyana. Mabungwe amene amadziwika kuti amakopa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mibadwo yonse, kuchepetsa mtengo wa kutembenuka ndi kumanga kampani yamphamvu.

Akatswiri a HR ayenera kukhala ponse paŵiri otetezera ndi otheketsa — otetezera chilungamo ndi kugonjera kwa lamulo, ndi otheketsa a chikhalidwe kumene wantchito aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, angathandizire pamlingo wawo wapamwamba. Mwa kuchuluka kwa ukalamba kufikira njira iriyonse ya HR — kuyambira kulembetsa kufikira ku kuleka ntchito — ndi mwa kuyankha ku madandaulo mwaluso, moyenerera, ndi mwachangu, HR ikhoza kupangitsa kupikisana kwa ukalamba kukhala mwaŵi wa kulinganiza. Chotulukapo chake sicho kokha chopanda tsankho, koma choleredwa ndi mbali zonse za chidziŵitso cha anthu kupyola m’mbali yonse ya ntchito.