Chikalata chachinayi chowonjezera pa mfundo za malamulo a dziko la United States ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri poteteza anthu a ku America kuti asafufuze zinthu mosaganizira ndiponso kuti adwale. Chimateteza anthu onse a ku America kuti asatengeke ndi boma, kutsimikizira kuti malamulo sangaloŵe m’nyumba mwanu, galimoto yanu, zipangizo zanu zamakono, kapena munthu wanu popanda kulungamitsa.

Chikalata ndi Mbiri Yoyamba ya Lamulo lachinayi

Lamulo lachinayi Lowonjezera limati: “Kuyenera kwa anthu kukhala osungika mwa anthu awo, nyumba zawo, mapepala, ndi ziyambukiro, motsutsana ndi kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri, sikudzaswedwa, ndipo sipadzabukanso otsutsa, koma pa chifukwa chothekera, chochirikizidwa ndi Oath kapena chitsimikizo, ndipo makamaka kulongosola malo ofufuzidwa, ndi anthu kapena zinthu zoyenera kugwidwa.

Chinenero chimenechi chinayambika ndi ofufuza a ku America ndi zilolezo za ku Briteni ndi zilolezo za chithandizo . Malamulo a dollant omwe analola akuluakulu kufunafuna nyumba kapena bizinesi iliyonse panthaŵi iliyonse. Maframes a Malamulo anafuna kuletsa nkhanza zoterozo mwa kufuna kuti zikhale zololera ndipo, m’nkhani zambiri, amavomerezedwa ndi woweruza wosatenga mbali pa umboni wotsimikizirika. Khoti Lapamwamba lamasulira chisinthidwecho kuti lipange “malo achinsinsi a munthu aliyense. ”

Zimene Zimafuna Kuti Anthu Azimenya Nkhondo Ndiponso Zimene Zingawachititse Kupirira

Pa mfundo yaikulu ya Lamulo lachinayi pali lamulo lakuti lamulo liyenera kupeza chilolezo chofufuza usanafufuze panyumba panu, galimoto yanu (m’nkhani zambiri), kapena njira zanu zolankhulirana zamagetsi. Chikalata ndicho lamulo la khoti limene liyenera kuchirikizidwa ndi zochititsazo / ndi mikhalidwe imene ingachititse munthu wolingalira kukhulupirira kuti upandu wachitidwa kapena umboni wa upandu uikidwa pamalopo kuti ukafufuzidwe. Lamulolo liyeneranso kulongosola malo akutiakutia ndi zinthu zimene zikafunidwa ndi kutengedwa.

Chochititsa chotsimikizirika ndi muyezo wapamwamba kuposa kukayikira koma wochepera pa umboni wofunikira kaamba ka chitsimikiziro. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mkulu wa ofesala awona utsi wa chamba ukutuluka m’galimoto, umene ungakhale wothekera kuchititsa kufunafuna galimoto. Koma kufunafuna kapena kupereka phenya kwachinsinsi kokha kosadziŵika kaŵirikaŵiri sikuli kokwanira. Olamulira osungitsa lamulo kupereka umboni wawo kwa woweruza, kupereka cheke chaumwini pa mphamvu ya apolisi.

Kodi N’chiyani Chimafunika Kuti Munthu Afunefune Kapena Asamapeze Zinthu Zolakwika?

Si apolisi onse amene amayambitsa Lamulo lachinayi. Kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito kokha pamene pali “kufufuza” kapena“ kufunafuna” kochitidwa ndi woseŵera wa boma. Kufufuza kumachitika pamene boma liloŵa pamalo kapena chinthu chimene munthu ali ndi “kuyembekezera kokwanira kwachinsinsi.. Mwachitsanzo, mukuyembekezera kukhala nokha kwachinsinsi m’nyumba mwanu, m’chipinda cha galimoto yanu (kungocheperapo), ndi m’mafoni anu a m'manja.

Ngakhale kulanda katundu pang’ono chabe kumakhala kulanda katundu, ndipo Lamulo Lachinayi Lokonza zinthu likufuna kuti mukhale wololera, chifukwa chakuti mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena ulamuliro, mungathe kukayikira kuti boma lalanda katundu wanu kapena likhoza kulanda katundu wanu.

Opatulidwa Okulira ku Chiyeneretso Chosafunika

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku n’kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumasonyeza njira zofala kwambiri zimene apolisi angafufuze kapena kugwirira popanda chilolezo cha chiweruzo.

Kufufuza Kovomerezeka

Ngati muvomereza modzifunira kuti mufufuze, Lamulo Lachinayi silinaswedwe. Apolisi nthaŵi zambiri amafunsa kuti, “Kodi mukuganiza ngati muona kuti ndikufuna," ngati mutanena kuti inde, angafufuze popanda chifukwa chomveka kapena chilolezo. Komabe, muli ndi ufulu wokana. Mukhozanso kukana panthaŵi iliyonse. Kulola kuyenera kukhala kodzifunira, osati kokakamiza. Ngati mkulu wa asilikali akuuzani kuti adzakupatsani chilolezo kapena kukuopsezani kuti akuletsani, angakuonereni mosachita kufunsa. Mfundo: Nthaŵi zonse munene momveka kuti “Sindikufuna kufufuzako n’kuletsani kuti ndikhale chete.

Lingaliro Lomveka

Ngati wapolisi alipo mololedwa pamalo ena (chitsanzo, ataima pakhonde lanu lakutsogolo mutatsegula chitseko) ndi kuona kusamutsidwa kapena umboni woonekera bwino, angaugwire popanda chilolezo. Mofananamo, ngati wapolisi ayang'ana pazenera la galimoto ndi kuona mfuti pampandopo, zimene zingalungamitse kufunafuna kopanda lamulo kwa malo amene mfutiyo ili. Chiphunzitso choonekeracho sichimalola apolisi kusuntha zinthu kapena zomangiramo zinthu kuti apeze umboni wovomerezeka.

Kufufuza Zokhudza Kumangidwa Mwalamulo

Pamene wapolisi agwira mwalamulo, iwo angafufuze munthu wogwidwayo ndi malo amene munthuyo ali mkati mwa ulamuliro wake (kaŵirikaŵiri wotchedwa “angspan”) popanda chilolezo. Kusiya kumeneku kumalungamitsidwa ndi ofisala ndi kufunika kwa kuletsa kuwonongedwa kwa umboni. Mwachitsanzo, apolisi angagwetse m’manja wa m’ndende ndi kufunafuna jakete logona pampando wapafupi ndi iwo. Koma kufunafuna kumeneku sikumalola kufunafuna nyumba yonse kapena galimoto ndi womangidwayo.

Mikhalidwe Yosadziŵika

Pamene mikhalidwe yangozi ibuka, apolisi angaloŵe m’nyumba kapena kuchita kufufuza popanda chilolezo. Mikhalidwe yachilendo imaphatikizapo kulondola mofulumira wokayikiridwa, kuwonongedwa kwaumboni koyandikira, kapena kufunika kwa kupereka chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi kwa wina mkati.

Kuchoka pagalimoto

Chifukwa chakuti galimoto n’zoyenda ndipo zingayendetsedwe, Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti apolisi angafufuze galimoto popanda chilolezo ngati ali ndi chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti ili ndi umboni wa upandu. Zimenezi zimadziŵika monga “kulekana kwa galimoto.” Imagwira ntchito ku galimoto yonse, kuphatikizapo thumba ndi zotengera zotsekedwa mkati, malinga ngati chochititsa chothekera chifutukukira ku malowo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mkulu wa asilikali afungo la chamba kuchokera ku galimoto, iwo angafufuze chipinda chonse cha apaulendo ndi katundu. Komabe, ichi sichimalola kufunafuna katundu waumwini popanda chochititsa chotsimikizirika.

Kufufuza Mphepo

Kumalire a mayiko ndi mabwalo a ndege, boma lili ndi mphamvu zambiri zofufuza anthu ndi katundu popanda chilolezo kapena chifukwa chomveka. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwazikidwa pa cholinga cha boma chotetezera dziko ndi kuletsa kulowa m'dziko. Kufufuza malire a dziko kumaphatikizapo katundu, galimoto, ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, ngakhale kuti Supreme Court yayamba posachedwapa kukhazikitsa malamulo a kufunafuna mafoni a m'mafoni kumalire. Mabanja amene akupita kudziko lina, azindikira kuti chinsinsi chanu chatha kwambiri kumalire a malire a dzikolo.

Kufufuza za Sukulu

Kusukulu, Ofesi Yachinayi ya Opaleshoni imagwira ntchito koma ndi yotsika. Akuluakulu a sukulu (ogwira ntchito pasukulu za boma) angafufuze ophunzira ngati ali ndi “kukayikira koyenera” kuti wophunzira waswa lamulo la sukulu. Zimenezi ndi zotsika kwambiri kuposa chifukwa chake. Kufufuzako kuyenera kukhala koyenera pamlingo wake ndipo osati kopambanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira sukulu angafufuze m’khwazi la wophunziralo lozikidwa pa phedi lakuti wophunzira ali ndi fodya, koma kufufuza kwachidule kungafunike kulungamitsa kwambiri.

Ulamuliro Wothetsa Vutolo ndi Njira Zothetsera Vutolo

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati boma liswa Lamulo Lachinayi? Mankhwala aakulu ndiwo lamulo lopatula: umboni wopezeka mwa kufufuza kapena kulanda kosaloledwa sungathe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pa mkhole m'kuweruza mlandu. Lamulo limeneli linakhazikitsidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu mu . United States (1914) ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku makhoti a boma mu . Ohio [1961]]. Chifuno ndicho kuletsa kusayenera kwa apolisi ndi kuteteza ufulu walamulo.

Komabe, ngati apolisi anachita zinthu modalira chikhulupiriro chawo pa lamulo limene pambuyo pake silinagwire ntchito, umboniwo ungakhalebe wodalirika. Ndiponso ngati, kugwirizana pakati pa kufunafuna kosaloleka ndi umboni kwakhala kopanda lamulo, kapena ngati umboniwo ukanapezeka mwalamulo, ungakupatseni mphamvu: ngati ufulu wanu wapotozedwa, umboni uliwonse wopezeka ukhoza kuchotsedwa, umene nthaŵi zina ungatsogolere ku kuchotsa milandu. Ichi nchifukwa chake kuli kofunika kukhala ndi woweruza wabwino ngati mutakhala ndi mlandu.

Mmene Lamulo lachinayi Litetezera Banja Lanu Panyumba ndi Pagulu

Nyumba ndi malo otetezeka kwambiri pa mfundo ya Opaleshoni yachinayi. Apolisi satha kuloŵa m’nyumba mwanu popanda chilolezo chilichonse pokhapokha ngati chilolezo chikugwira ntchito. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti inu muli ndi ufulu wokana kuloŵa ngakhale ngati wapolisi atagogoda. Mukhoza kufunsa kaye kuti muone chikalatacho musanalole kuti apolisi alowe. Ngati apolisi anena kuti pakufunika mwamsanga, mungawafunsebe kuti afotokoze.

Pagulu, ufulu wanu ngwochepa kwambiri koma ulipobe. Mkati mwa kuima kwa magalimoto, dalaivala ndi apaulendo amagwidwa. Okwera sitima saali omasuka kuchoka, koma sakufuna okha. Ofesala angafunse kufunafuna galimoto, koma mungalephere. Ngati apolisiwo ali ndi chifukwa chomveka, akhoza kufunafuna popanda chilolezo chanu. Koma ngati mutakana ndi mkulu wa asilikaliyo angafufuze, umboni uliwonse ungatsutsidwe pambuyo pake.

Malo achinsinsi a manambala akhala otchuka kwambiri. M'ku California . [[FLT :1] (2014, Khoti Lalikulu linagamula kuti apolisi amafunikira chilolezo chofufuza foni ya m’manja yotengedwa kwa munthu amene watsekedwa. Izi n’zoti mafoni amakono ali ndi chidziŵitso cha munthu aliyense. Mofananamo, mu Carenter v. United States[FLT] [[FLT]] (2017]), Khoti linakhulupirira kuti boma limafunikira chilo (chozikidwa pa chifukwa chenicheni) kuti lipeze mbiri yakale ya selo kuchokera ku woyendetsa ndege. Zigamu za khotizizo zimasonyeza kuti deti lachisanu liyenera kuzoloŵera luso latsopano. Mabanjawa amatanthauza kuti malo anu a kutetezeredwa kwa zinthu zamakono ndi kudziko lanu.

Njira Zothandiza Zotetezera Kuyenera Kwanu kwa Kusintha kwa Kachinayi

Mfundo zotsatirazi zingakuthandizeni kuti musamachite zinthu mobisa mukakumana ndi anthu oonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa:

  • Khalani wodekha ndi waulemu. [1] Musathamange, kutsutsana, kapena kutsutsa, ngakhale ngati mumakhulupirira kuti mkuluyo ndi wolakwa. Kukana thupi kungachititse kutsutsana ndi milandu ina ndipo sikungakuthandizeni pambuyo pake kutsutsa kufufuzako.
  • Funsani ngati muli waufulu kuchoka. Ngati simugwidwa ndipo ofisala akunena kuti muli ndi ufulu wakupita, mungachoke. Ngati muli m’ndende, funsani ngati muli m’ndende ndi chifukwa chake.
  • Mwachisawawa kukana kufufuza. Amanena momveka bwino kuti: “Sindikuvomereza kufufuza. Ngati wapolisiyo akufufuza, musawaletse. Konzani dzina la wapolisi ndi nambala ya baji ndi kulankhula ndi loya pambuyo pake.
  • Musakhale phee. Muli ndi ufulu wa kukhala chete pansi pa Kusintha kwa Gawo 5, koma Kusintha kwa Chinayi kumakutetezaninso kuti musakakamizidwe kudziimba mlandu. Munganene kuti, “Ndisankha kukhala chete ndipo ndikufuna kulankhula ndi loya. Musamale ku malamulo, koma musadziperekere chidziŵitso.
  • Kujambula zokumana nazo. M'maiko ambiri, muli ndi kuyenera kwa kulemba ntchito ya apolisi poyera malinga ngati simunadodometse. Kujambula kungakhale umboni wofunika kwambiri ngati ufulu wanu waponderezedwa.
  • Dziŵani zoyenera zanu pamene apolisi afika pakhomo panu. Simufunikira kutsegula chitseko pokhapokha ngati apolisi ali ndi chilolezo chomveka. Ngati anena kuti ali ndi mikhalidwe yolakwika, mukhozabe kuwapempha kuyembekezera chikalata ngati n’chotetezeka. Mukhoza kulankhula nawo pakhomo popanda kuchitsegula.
  • Phunzitsani ana anu. Fotokozani kuti ngati apolisi awaimitsa, ayenera kukhala aulemu, apemphe kuimbira foni kholo, ndipo savomereza kufunafuna popanda kholo (mwati amangidwa).
  • Loya ngati mukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu unapotozedwa. Loya angakuthandizeni kukonza njira yotsendereza umboni kapena kulondola mlandu wa ufulu wachibadwidwe pa 42 U.S.C. 1983.

Kumaliza

Demendment yachinayi ndi chitetezero champhamvu kwa mabanja a ku America. Kumafuna kuti kufufuza ndi njirinjiri zikhale zololera ndipo, m’zochitika zambiri, kuchirikizidwa ndi chikalata chovomerezedwa ndi chothekera. Pamene kuli kwakuti pali zambiri kusiyapo . Kuvomereza, kuyang'ana kowonekera bwino, magalimoto, ndi zinazo, zimenezi sizimachotsa ufulu wanu; zimangofotokoza malire. Mwa kuzindikira malemba a kukonza ndi kugwidwa ndi njiru, mbiri, ndi ziŵiya zamakono, mukhoza kuyendetsa motsimikiza ndi kusungitsa malamulo ndi kutetezera chinsinsi cha banja lanu. Nthaŵi zonse kumbukirani: Muli ndi ufulu wa kukana kufunafuna, ndi kukhala ndi loya lalamulo. Khalani ouzidwa, khalani odekha, ndi kuchita zinthu mwanzeru.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, fufuzani zonse za mu Firdement yachinayi pa National Archives, ALUU DZIDZIŴINI ULONDOLO WANU , ndi malingaliro a Khoti Lalikulu mu Karterer v. United States ndi [FLT] . California .