Malo Okhala: Mphamvu za Mayoral ndi Mpweya

Oyang'anira malo a ndege, makamaka amene ali m'malo aulamuliro monga London, Greater Manchester, ndi West Midwands, ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu za malamulo pa zoyendera, kulinganiza, ndi thanzi la malo okhala. Maulamuliro ameneŵa amaumba mwachindunji mmene mpweya umasamalidwira ndi mmene ubongo umalankhulidwira kwa anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti boma limakhazikitsa miyezo ya mpweya yapamwamba kudzera ku Act 2021 ndi Derationstion of Air Security Depance 2010, maulamuliro a boma amaganizira njira zimene zimapanga kuyang'anira makompyuta kapena kugawanika a ndege.

Pansi pa Dokotalate ya Moyer Seauty Management (LAQM) ya malo a dzikolo , akuluakulu a UK ayenera kupenda ndi kupenda mkhalidwe wa mpweya m’madera awo. Komabe, mameya amakhudza kulakalaka kwa zinthu zimenezi. Meya amene poyamba amachititsa kuti ndege ikhale yapamwamba, amange masiteshoni oyendera, amaikamo zipangizo zotulukira zinthu zooneka bwino, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zooneka bwino. Koma, malo okhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri angapangitse zinthu zochepa, kusiya makompyuta oyendera zinthu ndi osafikirika.

Mwachitsanzo, London Environment Strategy (2088) inaphatikizapo chikalata cha “kuyang'anira kampani ya London yoyang'anira ndege yamphamvu ya magetsi . Mwa kuphatikiza zinyansi zotsika zapamwamba m'masiteshoni oyendera malo osonyezera zinthu omwe alipo oyendetsedwa ndi London Moer Senect (LAQN). Chigamulo chimenechi chinali chotulukapo cha lamulo la boma. Koma, mizinda yopanda kudzipereka kwamphamvu kwa boya nthawi zambiri imadalira pa maofesi apamwamba a masiteshoni a makompyuta, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti mabomba achilengedwe awonongeke.

Mmene Makina Oonera Zinthu Amayendera ndi Mayoral Leader

Masiteshoni Okhalako ndi Kupima

Pambuyo pake, masiteshoni oyang'anira malo osonyezerapo zinthu adakalipobe agolide a chidziŵitso cha kulimba kwa mpweya chifukwa amakwaniritsa malamulo odalirika oikidwa ndi Komiti ya European Committee for Standardgamesion (KHALE). Mayareya a ku UK amakhudza kuchuluka ndi kuikidwa kwa masiteshoni ameneŵa. Ndalama za Mayoral zikhoza kutheketsa malo owonjezereka m'madera apafupi ndi sukulu, zipatala, ndi makhomonde apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, [FL:0] Birmham Mower Force streation [1] Kuwonjezera chiŵerengero cha malo oyendera ongoyendera, ochirikizidwa ndi bajeti ya bwambo. Zimenezi zinapereka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka cha kuvumbula zinthu zoipitsa monga nako zonga nayi (N2) (N2).

Komabe, malo oikidwiratu ngokwera mtengo kukhazikitsa ndi kusungitsa, akumatenga $500,000 pachaka. Mayoral amene amasunga ndalama zoyendetsera ndi zogwirira ntchito zofunika kupangitsa madongosolo ameneŵa kuchitika. Matauni onga Manchester ndi Leeds asungabe kugwirizanitsa kwakukulu mwa kulinganiza ndalama za zoyendera ndi zokonzanso.

Makompyuta Olumikizana: Mapiko Otsika ndi Anzeru

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, zipangizo zoyendera za m’mlengalenga zotsika kwambiri . Woyendetsa ndege, wonga $100 ndi £5,000 . zachuluka. Zipangizo zimenezi zimapereka chidziŵitso chanthaŵi yeniyeni koma kaŵirikaŵiri sizikulondola. Mayoral angayendetse kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zimenezi m’njira zimene zingagwirizanitse kapena kufooketsa luso la zinthu. Woyendetsa malowo, monga Sadiq Khan ku London , adayambitsa [[FL:0] Breathe London , kutumiza zinthu zokhala ndi zinsinsi zotsika 100 pa malo ounikira a nyale ndi nyumba. Programme, imagwirizana ndi Envity Fund ndi King’s, zonse ziŵirizo ndi kulephera kwa makompyuta.

Mizinda ina yatsatiranso zimenezi. Makina ena odziwika ndi dzina la Mulungu, omwe amayenda pansi pa kampani ya Mayor Andry Street, amatumiza mauthenga ku Wolverhampton ndi Coventry. Komabe, popanda njira imodzi yogwirizana yodziŵira makompyuta ndi makompyuta, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochokera ku makompyuta amenewa n’kosiyana kwambiri. Maselo ena amasinthasintha m’kupita kwa nthawi, ndipo amatha kuchititsa anthu kuti asamawakhulupirire ngati sawasintha.

Chitsanzo cha ku London: Ultra-Low Logs Bowany ndi Kuyang’anira Kufutukuka

Palibe kukambitsirana kwa malamulo a meya a kuyang'anira mlingo wa ndege kukakhala kokwanira popanda kupenda Ultra-Low Eugserct Zone (ULEZ) ya London. Ndinagwiritsa ntchito 2019 ndi kufutukuka kaŵiri kuyambira, ULEZ imadalira pa ndandanda yaikulu ya pulogalamu ya magetsi ya magetsi odziwirira ya metal plate (ANPR) ndi makompyuta a mpweya operekera kukakamiza kugonjera ndi kuyambukiridwa kwa mlingo. Kukula kwa ndandanda ya makompyuta kunali chosankha chachindunji chosankhidwa ndi London Mayo. Data kuchokera ku kampani imeneyi amasonyeza kuti NO2 itsika pafupifupi 50% m'katikati mwa London. Umboni umenewo, wosonkhanitsidwa kupyolera makompyuta a mameya-laaultor, imapereka maziko olondola kaamba ka lamulo lowonjezereka logwirizana.

Chofunikanso n’chakuti makompyuta akupereka chidziŵitso kwa anthu onse boardboard [1] London Moyer Sety Network (LAQN) [1] [1] [1] Imene imasonyeza kuŵerengera kwenikweni kwa nthaŵi kuchokera ku malo oposa 200. Kuonekeraku kumathandiza anthu, ofufuza, ndi atolankhani kupenda pulogalamu ya ULEZ. Phunziro nlomveka: oyang’anira amene amaikamo madeti onse aŵiri ndi kuonekera kwa zinthu ndi kubisa amapanga kayendedwe kabwino ka makompyuta a mbiri yabwino.

Kuwunikira Monga Chiŵiya Chogwiritsira Ntchito

Kutsegula Zilembo ndi Mabolobodi Ojambulira Anthu

Kuona padera kwa deti la meya kumatumikira zifuno zambiri: kudziŵitsa khalidwe la munthu aliyense (m., kupeŵa njira zapamwamba zowonongera), kutheketsa nzika kuyang'anira ntchito ya boma, ndi kupereka zinthu zofunikira kuti zikhale zopendedwa pamaphunziro ndi malamulo. Mayoral amene amapangitsa kutseguka kwa ma data . Magazine m'mafomu ojambula a makina pansi pa laisensi . N’zofunika kwambiri Mancodender Manchester Yogwirizana ndi Authopo imatulutsa chidziŵitso chenicheni cha panyengo ya mphepo ya nthaŵi yochokera ku GMAP, ndi mapu osonyeza milingo yamakono ndi zochitika za m'mbiri. Momwemodi Bristol Mayerde .

Mapulatifomuwa ndi othandiza kwambiri ngati ali ndi mapulogalamu. Mapulatifomu otha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino aluso la mitundu yosiyanasiyana (omwe nthawi zambiri amachokera ku UK Daily Air Ser Index) ndipo amapereka mawu ofotokozera. Anthu amene amalemba ndalama zothandizira anthu kudziwa mmene amagwiritsira ntchito ntchito Intaneti komanso malo amene akukhala, amaonetsetsa kuti mfundozo sizingokhala pa nsanja koma zikusintha khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, thirakiti la Birmingham Cleat Moyer Coographard imaphatikizapo mbali pa “ziyeso za thanzi lanu,".

Kuthandizana ndi Anthu ndi Kuonetsetsa Kuti Akutsatira

Kupyola mabodi apadera, malamulo a meya angachirikize kuyang'anira kwa anthu opatulidwa [1] kumene anthu kapena magulu a anthu akusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chawo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zonyamulira zinthu zapamwamba. Njira imeneyi imapanga chidaliro cha anthu ndi kudzaza mipata m'migwirizano yalamulo. Leeds Clean Air Initive [1] Mabungwe a anthu amalola kubwereka zipangizo za ma foni kuchokera ku malaibulale akwa akwawo, njira yogwirizana ndi ndalama zaumoyo wa meya. Pamenepo chidziŵitsocho chinayerekezeredwa ndi kuŵerengera kwalamulo, kupanga umboni wonena za kuipitsa zinthu zimene mabungwe a boma anaphonya.

Mayoral achilikiza maprogramu oterowo amafuna kufunitsitsa kulandira chidziŵitso chosakhala chaluso ndi kupereka chichirikizo cha malo otetezera. Popanda chichirikizo cha meya, zoyesayesa zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimafoka pambuyo pa kutha kwa ndalama zothandizira. Mameya angapo agwirizanitsa sayansi ya nzika m'kusimba kwalamulo, kutsimikizira kuti kumasuka ku mfundo za chitaganya kumawongolera lamulo lalamulo.

Kuŵerengera Mwa Kusimba

Malipoti a pachaka ndi ogwirizana ndi malamulo a LaQM, koma oyang'anira angapite patsogolo mwa kufalitsa zosintha zapakati pa chaka, zizindikiro zenizeni, ndi kupenda kwa nyengo yaitali. Ofesi ya London Mayor imatulutsa tsatanetsatane “ -Senety ku London [1] lipoti lapachaka limene limawononga kuipitsa kwa pakati pa chaka, mbali ya magwero, ndi kukhudza thanzi. Mtengo wa tsatanetsatane umenewu umalola mabungwe a anthu monga [[FLT:] CLIENT [1] kusungitsa mea meyalo wa maulamuliro kaamba ka malamulo alamulo. Inde, Klasley adagwiritsira ntchito ntchito ntchito kuyang'anira zinthu zotolera zoka zokazenga m'mabungwe amilandu.

Pamene mameya atsutsa kuonekera kwa magetsi . kutsekereza chidziŵitso, kufalitsa kochedwa, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito njira zochepetsera kudalira kwa anthu kukutha. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020 mabungwe ena anasulizidwa chifukwa chochotsa makompyuta oikidwa pafupi ndi misewu, akumatsutsa kuti iwo anali “osaimira.” Mayoral amene analamulira kufalitsidwa kwa zolembedwa zonse zolembedwa mwalamulo, ndi mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a kuchotsa kulikonse, nkofunika kuti asungidwebe kudalirika.

Zotulukapo Zoyelekezela: Kuwongoleredwa kwa Mpweya Wokoma Kogwirizana ndi Ukwati

Umboni wochokera ku London, Birmingham, Manchester

Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu [[FLT: 0] Makalata ofufuza apamwamba kwambiri (2023) ofufuzidwa kuchokera ku London Air Ubureaty Network ndi kupeza kuti NO2 m'chigawo chapakati cha London inagwa ndi 49% pakati pa 2016 ndi 20222, ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kochitika pambuyo pa kufutukuka kwa ULZ. Masewerawo anali olemera kwambiri moti angapereke masinthidwe a malamulowo. Kufufuza kofananako ndi Yunivesi ya Birming pa Birmingham Cleoc Monerace [ (kuwonjezeka mu 2021] anaonetsa kutsika kwa 202] .

Ku Manchester, oyang'anira malo a mphepo yoyera anachedwetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo a mphepo yoyera chifukwa cha kupereka nkhani zaunyinji ndi zitokoso za lamulo, koma kuyang'anira chidziŵitso kunasonyezabe kuwongoleredwa kwa mabasi ndi kufutukuka kwa njira zoyendera. Kusiyana ndi Bristol . Kumene kuyang'anira kwa mameya kwaimika mapu a mlengalenga oyera . Phambu la makumi asanu a mmene ndale zadziko zidzayambukirira mwachindunji. Kuyang'anira kwa mpweya kwa Bristol kochokera 20222 [FL:0] kunasonyeza kuwongolera kochepa mu msewu wa NOM'GO.

Kuyerekezera ndi Mizinda Yomawonjezereka Mowonjezereka

mizinda ya UK si yonse imene yalandira utsogoleri wa moya wa pandege. M'madera ena kumene malo a mameya ali ndi mphamvu zofooka kapena sachita ntchito ya ndale zadziko, kuyang'anira madongosolo a zinthu amakhala ochepa ndi olephera kupeza chidziŵitso. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka posachedwapa, madera angapo ang'onoang'ono a m’mizinda ku North West analibe chidziŵitso chenicheni cha PMS2.

Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuonekera kwa maso. Kuphunzira kochitidwa ndi Umboni wa Sheffield (2022) kunasonyeza kuti akuluakulu a kumaloko okhala ndi chidziŵitso cha mpweya chooneka bwino anali othekera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonga madera otsika opatsirako, matsiriziro a sukulu, ndi machitachita otsutsa kuyendetsa zinthu. Njirayi ikhoza kupangitsa chidziŵitso chowoneka ndi chochititsa kukakamiza ndi kuŵerengera.

Mavuto Amene Amakhalapobe

Kudziŵa Zinthu Bwino Ndiponso Kukhazikitsa Udindo

Pamene kuli kwakuti oyang'anira angafulumizitse kuikidwa kwa maselo achibadwa, iwo sangatsimikizire nthaŵi zonse kuchuluka kwa chidziŵitso. Zipangizo zotsika zamagetsi kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonyeza kukhudzidwa kwa chinyontho ndi mpweya wina, kupanga zinthu zolakwika. Popanda malamulo apamwamba ogwirizanitsa zinthu, mathekishoni a mizinda yosiyanasiyana salingana. AIRS Showners ndi Oonationing Systems [ka] lipoti la Dipatimenti ya malo okhalako, Food & Literalture Affairs (Defra) adaona kuti zimvero zambiri za boma za kumaloko zinali ndi kulondola kwa [1] PMS yokha poyerekezera ndi makompyuta. Mayoral iyenera kulamulira nthaŵi ndi kutumiza kwa zinyamu za mateleshoni ndi kufalitsa chidziŵitso ndi kukayikira chidziŵitso cha zinthu.

Vuto lina ndilo kusoŵeka kwa dongosolo la dziko logwirizana kaamba ka kuonekera. Pamene kuli kwakuti Defra UK Service system (UK-AQIS) aggrees data kuchokera ku magwero ambiri, sikufuna akuluakulu a dziko kumamatira ku muyezo wa metaila yofanana. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti nzika zikhale zovuta kuyerekezera mkhalidwe wa mpweya wa mzinda ndi ena. Mayers angachirikize kaamba ka njira yotsekera yodziŵira, yonga OGC Disoor API.

Kupeza Malipiro ndi Kusintha kwa Ndale

Mayoral amaikidwa ndi boma lalikulu ndi ndalama zimene amapanga. Mabungwe a kuyang'anira amafunikira kukonzedwa, kuvomerezedwa, ndi antchito. Kusintha kwa utsogoleri wa meya kungasokoneze ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa chisankho cha meya mu 2021, munthu mmodzi waulamuliro amachepetsa ndalama zake zoyendera ndege ndi 15%, zomwe zimachititsa kuti achotse masiteshoni angapo odziŵira zinthu. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti pakhale mpata wa zinthu umene sunadzadzale. Kuteteza mabogi a zandale, mizinda ina yakhazikitsa mabolo apadera a ndege ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ndege, koma zimenezi n’zosoŵapo.

Kudalira Anthu ndi Kufalitsa Nkhani Zolakwika

Pamene chidziŵitso cha Mayoral chifalitsidwa koma osafotokozedwa, chingatulutse mafuta. Mu 2022, maakaunti ena a zaunyinji za anthu analingaliridwa molakwa kukhala miyeso yaifupi mu PM.5 kuchokera ku magetsi a kumaloko monga umboni wakuti malo a mpweya oyera akulephera. Mayoral ayenera kuphatikizapo njira yolankhulirana ndi anthu imene imachotsapo kumasulira kolakwika kumeneko , monga chitsanzo, mwa kutchula moonekeratu zochititsa za zipikirizo zooneka pa mabodigiri. UK Health Security Agency Agency imapereka chitsogozo cha kulankhulana kwa madata a mphepo, koma mamaya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito.

Njira Yabwino: Mfundo Zolimbikitsa Mizinda ya UK

Malo Opangira Mafolomu Owonongeka

Mayalamu ayenera kulinganiza njira zawo zoyang'anira ndi njira ya dziko Air Monitorting Strategy for England (2023) ndi njira yobwera Pulani Yowongolera [. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka chitsogozo cha luso ndi ndalama zokhoza kuyendera kupyola Desity Director Grant . Mwa kutengamo mbali m'Chikalata cha Defecta's Comment [FLT:]], kuyang'anira mzinda kumapeza kukhulupirika ndipo kuli kosavuta kuyerekezera ndi madera ena.

Kugwirizana ndi Sayansi ya Zachuma ndi Nzika

Maluso onga University of Birmingham, King’s College London, ndi University of Manchester ali ndi ukatswiri wakuya wa kupima ndi kufufuza za chidziŵitso. Mayesi angasonkhezere ntchito zofufuza mogwirizana zimene zimayesa kugwira ntchito kwa ziyambukiro zotsika ndi kupanga mawonekedwe odziŵira. [[FLT:] N’zofunika kwambiri kuti Manchester Cleanmor Plan [FL:1] Kufufuza ndi Yunivesite ya Manchester kuti ikhale chitsanzo cha kuipitsa. Mofananamo, nzika za sayansi monga [[FLT:] Mapping for Change [FL:3] (zimene zakhala zoyang'anira za ku London ndi Sheffield]) zingawonjezedwe mwa kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kwa nduna ya . Kusinthana kwa anthu a m'dziko, kutembenuza ntchito ya sayansi yothandiza anthu a m'malo a za m'malo a za kulongosola za m'malamulo.

Kusintha Njira Zoyendera: Kuyeretsa Mpweya ndi M’madera Ena

Kuyang'ana ndi kuonekera sikumathera pa okha. Majeta angaphatikizepo kuyang'anira ndi malamulo otchuka monga zero-egict madera a kudziko, , [FLT] , [FLT] trap traps , "[FLT], ndi maprogramu oyenerera a mabasi ndi matekisi [FLT]. Atafufuza, mapepala a kuipitsa, mameya ayenera kukhala ndi mavotidwe a pasada a kuyambika: kukhazikika kwa pamsewungu, zobiritsira zobiriwira, kapena zoikizira. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kujambula kofulumira pakati pa madata ndi dongosolo.

Ndiponso, oyang'anira mzinda angapange mitu ya chidziŵitso monga mbali ya malamulo awo aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, kukakamiza kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha makompyuta onse oyendera kuchokera ku 95% m'maola 24, ndi mbiri yolembedwa ndi anthu. Olamulira ochepa a UK alemba kale Open Air Data Charter [1], kufunitsitsa kupanga chidziŵitso chonse cha mpweya kukhala chopezeka mwaufulu. Kuwonjezera kuvomereza malamulo otero kungachititse kuti anthu adziwitse mlandu wawo ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito za mizinda.

“Kulolera sikuli kokha kutulutsa chidziŵitso; kuli ngati kupanga chidziŵitso kukhala chatanthauzo kwa anthu. Meya amene amasamalira kuyang'anira mpweya monga utumiki wapoyera amalimbitsa demokalase ndi thanzi la anthu panthaŵi imodzi. . — Dr. Ben Barratt, King’s College London [1]

Kumaliza

Malamulo a Mayoral mu UK ali ndi chiyambukiro chosatsutsika pa kuyang'anira ndi kuonekera kwa mizinda. Kuyambira kuchuluka kwa masiteshoni oyendera makompyuta ku kumasuka kwa mabodi aunyinji a anthu ndi kuchirikiza kwa nzika za sayansi, utsogoleri wa mameya amasankha ngati mathero a mpweya a mzindawo ali amphamvu, ndi okhoza kugwira ntchito. Umboni wa ku London, Birmingham, ndi Manchester umasonyeza kuti malo oyendetsa ndege angawongowongolera bwino, pamene mizinda yokhala ndi utsogoleri wochepa kwambiri kumbuyo. Komabe, mavuto osatha kuchedwa [1]data, madende a ndalama, ndi kudalira anthu onse. Mwa kugwirizanitsa nyumba za dziko, kugwirizana ndi anthu amaphunziro ndi anthu, ndi kugwirizanitsa malamulo ochititsa chidwi, UK, angasinthe mkhalidwe wa kuzungulira meya, ndipo angasinthenso mphamvu yamphamvu ya kutsogolo kwa anthu a m'mizinda. Komabe, njira yothandiza kukonzanso, imadalira pa chidziŵitso chaku