Tanthauzo ndi Chiyambi cha Njira Yoyenerera

Malamulo amatsatira mfundo yofunika kwambiri imene imatsimikizira kuti munthu aliyense angagwidwe kapena kuponyedwa m’ndende kupyola dongosolo lachiweruzo lachibadwa, makamaka monga kuyenera kwa nzika kudziŵitsidwa ndi mwaŵi wa kumvedwa m'kuyendetsa kulikonse kwa lamulo. Chiphunzitsochi chili ndi mizu yaikulu m'lamulo la Chingelezi, kuyambira ku Magna Carta wa 1215, chimene chinalengeza kuti palibe munthu waufulu angagwire kapena kuikidwa m’ndende kusiyapo chiweruzo chalamulo cha anthu ake kapena lamulo la dziko. Lamulo limeneli linaikidwa m'Chilamulo chachisanu cha U.S. Mpatuko mu 1791, chikumati palibe munthu aliyense adzakhala "Wodetsedwa pa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, popanda njira yalamulo, popanda lamulo lotetezera loperekedwa ndi boma mu 1868.

Mfundo yaikulu njaikulu: boma silingachitire zinthu modzifunira munthu mmodzi. Kuyenera kutsatira njira zokhazikitsidwa, zolungama asanachotse ufulu wa munthu wina kapena katundu. Koma njira yoyenerera si kungotsatira mfundo za mndandanda chabe; imasonyeza kutsimikiza kuti malamulo amalemekeza anthu ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Kumvetsa bwino kumathandiza kuzindikira ufulu wanu pochita zinthu ndi mabungwe a boma, mabungwe oyang’anira maulamuliro, ndipo nthaŵi zina ngakhale mabungwe ena oimira boma omwe akugwira ntchito pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma.

Mmene Makina Amakhalira: Makina Opanga Zinthu Mwachilungamo

Procedia project isumika pa njira ya ntchito ya boma. Kufunikira kuti boma lisanakumanitseni moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, liyenera kukupatsani chidziŵitso chokwanira ndi mpata wofunika kuti mumve. Nthambi imeneyi ya dongosolo lofunikira ndiyo ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ndi yogwira mtima kwambiri kwa nzika wamba.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Potsatira Njira Yofunika

Khoti Lapamwamba latchula zinthu zingapo kuti litsimikizire zimene zikufunika pamkhalidwe wokha, kulinganiza chiwongola dzanja chaumwini choyambukiridwa, upandu wa kumanidwa kolakwika m'madongosolo amene alipo, ndi chifuno cha boma cha kuyendetsa zinthu. Komabe, mbali zina za maziko zimafunika nthaŵi zonse:

  • Tnowsice : [[FLT :1] Muyenera kudziŵitsidwa za kachitidwe ka boma kolinganizidwa, maziko alamulo kaamba ka iko, ndi zotulukapo zothekera. Mwamwambo mawu kapena zikalata zobisika siziri zokwanira.
  • Kudziwitsa Kumvedwa: Muyenera kukhala ndi mwaŵi wa kupereka mbali yanu ya nkhaniyo, kaya m'kalata kapena pakumva. Izi zingasiyane kuyambira pa msonkhano wamwamwaŵi wokha kufikira ku kuzenga mlandu wokwanira ndi mboni ndi kupenda mtanda.
  • Kupatula Chosankha- Wopanga: Munthu kapena gulu logamula mlanduwo ayenera kukhala wosatenga mbali, popanda kukondera kwaumwini kapena kulephera kuyendetsa ndalama zake.
  • Kuyenera Kupereka Umboni: Mungapereke umboni wochirikiza malo anu, kuphatikizapo zikalata, umboni, ndi malingaliro aukatswiri.
  • Kuyenera ku kuimira kwalamulo: M'zochitika zambiri, makamaka zija zophatikizapo ufulu wapadera kapena katundu, muli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhala ndi loya ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mmodzi.

Kumene Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku Umayendera

Si makhoti okha amene amathandiza kuti anthu azilankhulana bwino ndi boma, koma amathandiza anthu ambiri kuti azilankhulana ndi boma:

  • Traffic ndi Parking Cicket: Mukhoza kupikisana ndi tikiti m'khoti, kunena kuti umboni suchirikiza kuswa lamulo kapena kuti sindinu dalaivala. Muli ndi ufulu wodziŵitsidwa mlanduwo ndi kupereka chitetezo chanu.
  • Ophunzira oyang'anizana ndi kusasulidwa kapena kuthamangitsidwa ali ndi ufulu wa kuzindikira milandu ndi kumvetsera kwamwaŵi kumene angafotokoze mbali yawo. Kuthamangitsidwa kwakukulu kumafuna njira zambiri zamwambo.
  • Welfare ndi Social Security Mapindu: Mapindu anu asanathe kapena kuchepetsedwa, muyenera kulandira chidziŵitso cholembedwa ndi kukhala ndi mwaŵi wa kupempha kugamula mlandu pamaso pa woweruza walamulo.
  • Mwinimnitor-Tenpant Disputes Implication Government Home:[[FL:1] Ngati mukukhala m'nyumba za anthu kapena zapansi, zokambirana zochotsedwa ziyenera kutsatira zofunika zofunikira zofunikira, kuphatikizapo chidziŵitso chokwanira ndi kumvetsera.
  • Ntchito: Madokotala, maloya, ndi akatswiri ena ovomerezedwa kuyang'anizana ndi kuchotsa kapena kuchotsa laisensi yawo ayenera kupatsidwa mlandu wosamalitsa pamaso pa bungwe lozembetsa.
  • Kufufuza Msonkho wa Msonkho : Olemba nyumba angatokosa kuŵerengera kwawo kwa msonkho pamaso pa bungwe la kudziimira, kupereka umboni wa mtengo wa katundu.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziŵira zinthu ndiko chitetezero cha tsiku ndi tsiku ku zochita za boma zodzifunira, zikumatetezera chilichonse ku laisensi yanu ya kuyendetsa galimoto ya kagwiridwe ka moyo.

Njira Yofunika Kwambiri: Kuteteza Maufulu Aakulu

Chiphunzitso chofunikira chotsutsana kwambiri ndi chosinthasintha. Sichikufunsa kokha kuti ndi njira ziti zimene zinatsatiridwa, koma ngati boma liri ndi malingaliro okwanira kuchitapo kanthu. Imatetezera zoyenera zina zazikulu ku kuloŵerera kwa boma, ngakhale ngati njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchitozo ziri zolungama.

Kuyenera Kokhala Wekha ndi Kudzipatula

Malamulo otchuka kwambiri oletsa kuletsa kulera mimba kwa okwatirana, kupeza ufulu wa ukwati. [[FLT:] Rooe v. [FLT] Gelsold v. Connecticut (65]), khoti linaletsa kulera ana okwatirana, kupeza ufulu wa kukhala achinsinsi m'banja. Rooe v. [197]]), Khoti linawonjezera lamulo limeneli ku ufulu wa mkazi wosankha kuchotsa mimba pansi pa njira yoyenerera ya Reformation of the 1450 Reformation. Posachedwapa, mu [FLD:4]. Hotberge. v [FLT:] [FFLT:] [5], Khoti imene inasunga kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi kuyenera kwa kuyenera kwachigawano, kuletsedwanso.

Nkhani zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti njira yoyenerera yoikidwiratu imachepetsa kukwaniritsa malamulo, osati njira zongogwiritsidwa ntchito powatsatira. Zimafuna kuti lamulo lililonse lophwanya pa ufulu wofunika litumikire chikondwerero cha boma chokakamiza ndi kukonzedwa mopepuka kuti chipeze chikondwerero chimenecho.

Kodi N’chiyani Chimaonedwa Ngati Choyenera?

Khoti Lalikulu lakhala losamala kwambiri kuti lisamawonjezere mndandanda wa ufulu woyenerera umene uli m’magawo angapo.

  • [[MLT:0] Zoyenera ku umphumphu wa Banja: Kuyenera kwa kukwatira, kukhala pamodzi monga banja, kukhala ndi ana, ndi kuwalera (kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kukana mankhwala osafunidwa kwa munthu mwini).
  • Kuyenera ku Kukhulupirika kwa Bodi: Kuyenera kwa kukana mankhwala a moyo, kuyenera kwa kukana kuloŵerera kosafunidwa, ndi kuyenera kupanga zosankha ponena za thupi la munthu mwini (m’miyeso).
  • [[MLT:0] Zoyenera ku Impromp: Kuyenera kupanga zosankha zachinsinsi ponena za kuletsa kutenga mimba, kugonana, ndi ukwati.
  • Malunga a Ulendo: Ufulu wa kuyenda mwaufulu pakati pa maiko ndi kusamuka popanda zopinga za boma.
  • Malunga ake ku Vote:[[FLT :1] Kuyenera kwa kuvota m'masankho kuli kuyenera koyenera kotetezeredwa pansi pa zonse ziŵiri dongosolo loyenera ndi ziganizo zolingana za chitetezo.

Kukangana ndi Kusonkhanitsidwa

Kachitidwe koyenera kosakhala kodziŵika kaŵirikaŵiri kamasulizidwa ndi akatswiri otsutsa oweruza osapanga zoyenera zatsopano zosandandalikidwa mwachindunji mu Malamulo. Ena amatetezera kuti kuchinjiriza ufulu ku kupambana kopambanitsa. Chiphunzitsocho chimakhalabe malo ankhondo m’lamulo la lamulo, ndi makambitsirano opitirizabe ponena za kaya zoyenera zonga kuchotsa mimba, thandizo kudzipha, ndi kudziŵidwa kwa amuna kumatetezeredwa pa njira yoyenerera.

Zotsatirapo za Chiweruzo Cholungama cha Apandu

Malamulo Owonjezera Achisanu ndi Chisanu ndi Chisanu amatsimikizira kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo adzatetezedwa:

  • Kuyenera kwa kukhala chete: [[FT:1] Simungakakamizike kupereka umboni wotsutsana ndi inu nokha. Chenjezo la Miranda . "Muli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhala chete" [1] ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa kuyeneraku.
  • Ufulu wa Uphungu: Ngati simutha kupeza loya, mmodzi adzakuikirani. Kuyenera kumeneku kutangoyamba ntchito za kuweruza ndi kufutukukira ku mbali zonse zofunika za mlanduwo.
  • Ufulu wa Kuzengedwa mlandu Wachangu ndi Wapoyera: Muyenera kuimbidwa mlandu mkati mwa nthaŵi yabwino ndi m’khoti lapoyera.
  • Ufulu wa Kupanda Tsankho: Court iyenera kusankhidwa m'chitaganya ndi kusakhala ndi tsankhu.
  • Ufulu wa Kulimbana ndi Mboni: Mungathe mboni zowoloka mlingo wa axitamini zobweretsedwa kwa inu.
  • Ufulu wa Mboni: Mukhoza mboni zapansi kuti zikuchitireni umboni.
  • Kuchinjiriza Kulimbana ndi Kupasa Kuŵiri: Simungayezedwe kuŵirikiza kaŵiri kaamba ka upandu umodzimodziwo.
  • Kuchinjiriza kutsutsa nkhanza ndi chilango chachilendo: Zoweruzidwa ziyenera kukhala zolingana.

Zitetezero zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ngakhale awo oimbidwa mlandu wa upandu woipitsitsa amaonedwa monga anthu okhala ndi mutu, osati monga zinthu za ulamuliro wa boma. Lamulo lotchuka la mu In re Winship (1970) likunena kuti mbali iriyonse ya upandu iyenera kutsimikiziridwa mosakaikira kwenikweni . "kuyezo wapamwamba koposa m’lamulo la America.

Mavuto Amakono Olimbana ndi Zochitika Zomwe Zikuchitika

Ngakhale kuti mzera wake wakale unakhala wotsatira, masiku ano anthu amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa mfundo imeneyi imakhudza mmene imagwira ntchito kwa anthu wamba.

Kupeza Uphungu wa Malamulo

Ufulu wa kupereka uphungu m'milandu umagwira ntchito kokha pamene chilango chachindunji cha kuikidwa m’ndende chaperekedwa. Pamilandu yachiŵeniŵeni monga kuchotsedwa, kusungidwa kwa ana, kutha kwa ana, kapena phindu la kutha kwa loya waufulu. Anthu ambiri otsika amayang'anizana ndi machitidwe ophera moyo popanda kuimira lamulo, kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yawo ya kupereka chilungamo. Mabungwe alamulo opereka chithandizo amatumikira kokha chigawo cha osoŵa, kusiya mpata waukulu wofikira ku chiweruzo.

Kuvuta kwa Ulamuliro wa Boma

Mabungwe amakono a boma monga Social Security Administration , Department of Veterans Affairs, ndi malo osungirako zinthu . Kusamalira anthu mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse. Kutsatira zimenezi kumatsatira malamulo awo, omwe angakhale osokoneza ndi oopsa kwa anthu. Mafomu ndi aatali, masiku ake afupi, ndipo unyinji wa milandu umatanthauza kuti makutu angafulumire. Kucholoŵana kumeneku kumaletsa anthu kuchita zinthu zimene akufuna, kulola kuti apange zosankha zotsata maulamuliro kuti asawonongedwe.

Kupititsidwa M’dziko Lina

Kuzenga mlandu kuli kwachiŵeniŵeni, osati kwaupandu, komabe kungatsogolere ku kuthamangitsidwa ndi [1] chilango chowopsa kwambiri kuposa zilango zambiri zaupandu. Zitetezero zofunikira m'khoti la anthu osamukirako nzochepa kwambiri kuposa m'makhoti aupandu. Kaŵirikaŵiri ma Detaine amasoŵa maloya, mautumiki a kutembenuza, ndi nthaŵi yokwanira yokonzekera milandu yawo. M’zaka khumi zapitazo, dongosolo la khoti la anthu oloŵa m’dziko lagonjetsedwa ndi zigamulo, kutsogolera ku nyengo zazitali zotsekezera ndi mayeruzo.

Kupanga Zosankha za Luso ndi Zaumoyo

Maboma amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri maajensi ndi madongosolo opanga makompyuta kupanga zosankha za phindu, kutulukira mwachinyengo, ndi kuvomereza. Madongosolo ameneŵa angakhale opeputsa, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kumvetsetsa mmene anafikira chosankha kapena kutsutsa zotulukapo. Kukwera kwa "kupanga nzeru" m'boma kumadzutsa mafunso atsopano ofunikira: Kodi chidziŵitso chiti chimene chikufunikira pamene algometime imakana kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu? Kodi mungapereke motani umboni wotsutsa chosankha cha makina?

Kuthandizana ndi Zochita Zadzidzidzi

Njira zambiri zofunikira zimagwira ntchito kokha pambuyo pa kusoŵa. M'madera ena, boma lingachitepo kanthu choyamba ndi kutchera khutu pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, laisensi ya dalaivala ingalenjeke mwamsanga pambuyo pa kumangidwa kwa DUI, ndi kumvetsera pambuyo pake. Pamene kuli kwakuti ngozi zina zimalungamitsa kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira, kugwiritsira ntchito kokulira kwa ma interim kungaswe ntchito yoyenerera ngati kumva pambuyo poti kwayamba kapena kupereŵera. Kupsinjika kumeneku pakati pa kuyendetsa bwino ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense kumakhalabe mutu wankhani wobwerezabwereza ku kayendedwe kabwino.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera: Kodi Zimagwira Ntchito Liti?

Zitetezero zofunikira za Konsichushoni kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwira ntchito kokha ku kachitidwe ka boma. Koma m'zochitika zina, mabungwe aumwini angalingaliridwe kukhala oseŵera a boma oyenera ngati achita ntchito ya boma yamwambo kapena ngati ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo:

  • Kampani ya ndende ina imene ili ndi ndende yotsekera ndende iyenera kuchititsa akaidiwo kuti azikhala ndi mlandu chifukwa chakuti kumangidwa ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri m’boma.
  • Yunivesite yaumwini imene imalandira ndalama zambiri ya boma ingachitidwe mwa njira yoyenerera m’kupereka chilango ngati ikwaniritsa ntchito ya boma.
  • Kampani ya magetsi imene ili ndi malamulo aakulu ndiponso imene imagwira ntchito monga kampani yofunika kwambiri ingafunikire kuidziŵitsa ndi kuimva isanaithetse.

Komabe, mabwana ambiri achinsinsi, makampani a zachinsinsi, ndi makampani sagwirizana mwachindunji ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Ngati kampani yachinsinsi ikutenthani, kuchotsako auniversity yanu, kapena kukana mautumiki, simunakhale ndi lamulo loyenera pokhapo ngati kachitidwe ka boma kakhoza kusonyezedwa. Komabe, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo ofuna njira zina zachinsinsi, monga ngati malamulo oyenera a kumvetsera bwino kuti muchotsedwe ndi eni nyumba kapena kutsatsa inshuwalansi.

Malingaliro a Padziko Lonse Adzakwaniritsidwa

Mfundo ya kuyenera si ya ku United States kokha. Mayiko ambiri amazindikira mfundo zofanana pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana. Chikalata cha Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 10) chimatsimikizira aliyense "kuweruza kwachilungamo ndi kwapoyera ndi khoti lopanda tsankho". Mapangano a padziko lonse amasonyeza kuti njira zoyenerera zoweruzira milandu ndi zoyenera n’zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Ku Canada, gawo 7 la Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms limateteza "moyo, ufulu ndi chitetezo cha munthu" kudzera m’malamulo ofunika kwambiri. Mapangano apadziko lonse ameneŵa amasonyeza kuti malamulo apadziko lonse amathandiza kuti njira zoyenerera n’zofunika kuti anthu alemekezedwe.

Kuyerekezera madongosolo adziko kuvumbula ponse paŵiri kugwirizana ndi kusintha. Demokrase yotukuka yaikulu imafunikira chidziŵitso, Wopanga zosankha wopanda tsankho, ndi mwaŵi wa kupereka umboni m'mabungwe ndi m'maulamuliro. Komabe, kulinganiza kwenikweni pakati pa ufulu wa munthu ndi zikondwerero za boma kumasiyana. Mayiko ena amapereka zoyenera zolimba za ufulu wa kumasuka pa malamulo m'nkhani za boma; ena ali ndi madongosolo ambiri a boma. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kungalemeretse kukambitsirana kwa m’banja ponena za kusintha kwa njira yoyenera mu United States.

Njira Zothandiza Zotetezera Ufulu Wanu Wochita Zinthu

Mfundo yoyamba imene muyenera kuchita ndi yakuti:

  • Kuŵerenga mosamalitsa mapepala onse: zilembo zalamulo, ma email, ndi zoikapo zinthu kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi nthaŵi ndi malangizo otsutsa chosankha. Kulephera kwake kungatayitse zoyenera zanu.
  • Sungani makope a zonse: Sungani makalata onse, mafomu, malisiti, ndi maumboni ogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo. Makalata abwino ndiwo akugwirizana kwanu kolimba.
  • Kupempha kumvetsera m'kulemba: Ngati mukufuna kutokosa kachitidwe kolingaliridwa, tumizani pempho lolembedwa ndi pepala lovomerezeka lokhala ndi umboni wa kugaŵira. Zimenezi zimapanga njira yapepala.
  • Funani chithandizo chalamulo kuchiyambiyambi: Ngakhale ngati simungathe kupeza loya, mabungwe othandizira alamulo, zipatala za sukulu zalamulo, kapena ma probono. Ambiri angathandize ndi makutu abwino, milandu ya zaubwino, ndi mikangano ya nyumba.
  • Zindikirani malamulo a bungwe: Mabungwe a Boma amafalitsa njira zawo pa Intaneti kapena m'malamulo auyang’aniro. Afufuzeni kuti amvetsetse zoyenera zanu m’nkhani yeniyeniyo.
  • Konzekerani kumvetsera: Kambani umboni wanu, konzani mpambo wa mboni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zimene mukufuna kunena. Pitani msanga, valani mwaulemu, ndi kukhalabe wodekha.
  • Appel ngati mulephera: Zosankha zambiri zingapimidwe ku bungwe lapamwamba kapena khoti. Kuzindikira apilo kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa nyengo yaifupi.

Kumaliza: N’chifukwa Chiyani Kukonza Zinthu N’kofunika Tsiku ndi Tsiku?

Chifuno chimenechi si mfundo yalamulo yokha yokha yovomerezeka m’makhoti ndi m’masukulu a zamalamulo. Chimathandiza kuti muzidalira boma nthawi iliyonse imene mukuchita zinthu ndi boma. (_kaya mumapereka msonkho, kulembetsa kusukulu, kufunsira laisensi, kapena kuyang’ana ku thirakiti la galimoto.) Chimatsimikizira kuti boma silingakuchitireni ngati munthu wamba, koma liyenera kulemekeza ulemu wanu ndi ufulu wanu womveka. Limakulitsa chidaliro m’kulungama a mabungwe, limalimbikitsa kutsatira lamulo, ndi kuletsa mphamvu zauchitukuko.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, njira yofunikira ndiyo ntchito yopita patsogolo. Malo opezera ufulu, kusintha kwa tekinoloji, ndi zitsenderezo zauyang'aniro nthaŵi zonse zimayesa kugwira kwake ntchito. Kuti dongosolo la zinthu likhalebe lachilungamo, nzika ziyenera kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zoyenera zawo, ndipo maboma ayenera kupitirizabe kuwongolera njira zawo kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya chilungamo. Nkhani ya kachitidwe kake ndi nkhani ya ufulu . Chosankha ndi kudzipereka kumene, ngakhale kumene mamtengo ali aakulu, munthu aliyense ayenera kutsutsa chinenezo cha boma.

Kuti muŵerenge, fufuzani Cornell Leagn Information's shop of project facess yoyenerera , U.S. Makhoti ophunzitsa pa pulogalamu yoyenerera , kapena Project ya ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Khoti Lapamwamba [. Kumvetsa zinthu zimenezi kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira mmene mfundo yamakhalidwe abwino imeneyi imakhudzira ufulu wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.