Chiyambi

United States yayang'anira yamangidwa pa madongosolo a boma, boma, ndi malo akwawo, limodzi ndi limodzi lokhala ndi mathayo osiyana. Komabe zovuta zambiri zimene zimayambukira nzikazo(kuyambira pa masoka achilengedwe ndi ngozi zaumoyo za anthu) . Kugwirizana kwa boma sikuli kodzisankhira; nkofunika popereka mautumiki, kutsimikizira chisungiko, ndi kupititsa patsogolo. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mmene milingo yosiyanasiyana ya boma imagwirizanirana m’zochita, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zachindunji zimene zimasonyeza kupambana ndi maphunziro omwe.

Kumvetsa bwino mgwirizano umenewu kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira kuti malamulo a boma ndi ovuta komanso kufunika kolankhulana bwino m’mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Phunziro Loyamba: Kulabadira Tsoka

Madzi oopsa achilengedwe ayamba kuchuluka m’madera amene anthu akuchokera ndipo zimenezi zathandiza kuti anthu ayambe kugwirizana.

Mphepo ya Katrina ndi Zimene Anachita Atabwera ku Katrina

Mphepo yamphamvu ya Katrina inavumbula mavuto aakulu a mgwirizano wa boma. Akuluakulu a boma ku New Orleans anavutika kwambiri; boma la Louisiana linalimbana ndi kupempha ndi kutumiza chuma cha boma mofulumira; ndipo yankho loyamba la FEMA linatsutsidwa kwambiri. Poyankha, Nyumba za Malamulo zinapereka Malo a zamalonda a Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reformation ya 2006, amene anathandiza kwambiri FEMA ndi kukhazikitsa njira zolankhulirana kwambiri pakati pa boma, boma, ndi mabwanala a zamwambo. Lerolino, FEMA’S inafotokoza bwino lomwe boma ndi boma likupempha thandizo la boma kugwiritsa ntchito njira yovomerezeka, ndi kukhazikitsa chuma kwa makampani a m'dzikolo kusanayambe kugwedetsedwa.

Kulandira Moto Wamkuntho ku Western United States

Nyengo yamoto imafunanso kugwirizana kwa magulu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa 2020 ya moto wa California, Komiti ya nkhalango ndi Firet Office ndi Bureau of Land Management ndi madipatimenti a nkhalango ndi madera amoto akwawo. Mwamabungwe ogwirizana olamulira, akuluakulu a gulu losiyana amagawana ulamuliro. Mwachitsanzo, panthaŵi ya makampani 2020 a California, Dipatimenti ya nkhalango ndi Firection (CALLIC) inagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi magulu a asilikali ozimitsa moto, pamene maofesi a maofesi a kampani a kampani a kampani yakwawo anayang'anira ntchito. Kuyankha kokhudza zinthu zambiri. Kusinthaku kugawana kwa zigawana, antchito a m'manja, ndi malo osungirako a zangozi a chigawo chakuno oyendera malo amodzi.

Kupenda Nkhani 2: Kuyamba ndi Thanzi Lapoyera

Mavuto a zaumoyo sakhalapo m’dera limodzi, ndipo mliri wa Covid̆19 ukusonyeza mmene boma liyenera kugwirira ntchito pamodzi, ndipo nthaŵi zina n’cholinga choteteza anthu.

Kulabadira kwa Covid 16)

Pamlingo wa boma, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inapereka chitsogozo cha dziko pa kubisa, kupima, ndi kugoma. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Mautumiki a Anthu inapereka ndalama zoperekera kulongosola kupyolera mwa Opereka Chithandizo ndi Health Resources and Service Administration . Maboma adayambitsa malamulo olinganiza: zina zomangira zokhala ndi modzifunira, zina zinadalira pa miyezo yaufulu. Madipatimenti a za umoyo a kumaloko anakhala mkono wa kupha kwapatsogolo, kukhazikitsa malo oyesera, kuchititsa kuyang'anirana, ndi kuyendetsa zipata zothandizira anthu. CDCC'SC's Laverate Rounder [FLFUT1] inakhazikitsidwa pa zopereka zaumoyo za kumalo akumalo akwawo, ndi kuperekedwa kwa boma, ndi kuperekedwa kwa boma.

Vuto la Mafuta

Bungwe lina loyang'anira zaumoyo la boma likulimbana ndi mliri wa opioid. Mabungwe a Federal onga Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) amayang'anira zinthu zoletsedwa, pamene kuli kwakuti Substance Abuse and Mental Service Service Administration (SA) amapereka zopereka ku boma ndi mabungwe akwawo. Maboma akhazikitsa maprogramu oyang'anira mankhwala oletsa mankhwala (PDMPS) kuti apeze malangizo oletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi malamulo a boma a m'malo akumeneko akugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zotsekereza njira zogulitsa malonda. Simultaetone (Narcanio) akufalitsa maprogramumboni osokoneza matenda (Nardation). Makampani osokoneza matenda pakati pa ndalama za boma, malamulo, malamulo, ndi kutumiza kwa anthu a m'dziko akhala ochepetsa imfa za anthu m'malo ambiri.

Phunziro Lachitatu: Kupereka Ndalama za Maphunziro

Maphunziro ndiwo udindo wa boma ndi wa kumaloko, koma kuyambira m’ma 1960, boma layamba kuloŵerera kwambiri m’maphunziro.

Zigawo za Zigawo Zoyamba ndi Lamulo la Maphunziro a Kachiŵiri

Udindo I wa Elementary and Secondal Education Act (ESEA) imapereka ndalama za boma ku masukulu okhala ndi maperesenti ambiri a ophunzira otsika olandira. Dipatimenti ya za Maphunziro ya United States imagaŵira ndalama zimenezi ku mabungwe a zamaphunziro, amene kenaka amazipereka ku zigawo za sukulu zakumaloko chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa umphaŵi. Maboma a m'dziko amagwiritsira ntchito Ndalama za Thit Init I kulipira aphunzitsi owonjezera, kugula zinthu zothandizira, ndi kuchirikiza pambuyo pa maprogramumboni a sukulu za . Mwachitsanzo, m'madera ambiri a m’mizinda monga Chicagostocracy School Schools, In Yothandiza I ndi yofunika kuchepetsa maphunziro a m'kalasi. [FLT:] U. Dipatimenti ya za Maphunziro ya pa webusaiti ya za Maphunziro [1] [FLC:1] imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane pa njira zimene mayiko ayenera kutumiza ndi kulipira lipoti, pamene ikulola kuyangiza kwa anthu a m’dziko.

Anthu Olumala Pochita Ntchito Yophunzitsa (IDEA)

IDEA imalamula kuti ana onse opunduka alandire maphunziro aulere ndi oyenera m'malo osaletsa kwambiri. Boma la boma limapereka pafupifupi 40% ya “mtengo wa maphunziro apadera” a maphunziro apadera (ngakhale kuti kugawanako kwenikweniko sikunakhale). Madipatimenti a maphunziro a boma amayang'anira kuyenderana ndi malamulo a IEA ndi kupereka chithandizo chaluso ku madera a sukulu. Sukulu za kumaloko zili ndi udindo wofufuza ophunzira, kuyambitsa maphunziro a maphunziro apadera (IEP), ndi kupereka malangizo apadera. Njira zitatu zimenezi zikutsimikizira kuti ufulu wa boma wa kuteteza anthu umagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaneti, ngakhale pamene chigawo chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi ophunzira ake apadera.

Kuphunzira Nkhani 4: Kukula kwa Malamulo

Malo aakulu omangapo zinthu ndi nyumba zapamwamba kwambiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Programu ya Pamsewu Wapamwamba wa FederalāAid

Lerolino, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) imayang'anira ntchito za Federalāway Program , kugaŵira ndalama ku madipatimenti a boma a zoyendera (DOT) ozikidwa pa njira zoyendera makilomita ambiri, galimoto zoyenda, ndi zinanso. Boma la DOTS inayamba ntchito ndi kuyang'anira ntchito, pamene madipatimenti a boma akuyang'anira misewu yomwe inachitikayo. Chitsanzo chakokha ndicho kubwezeretsa Brent Spence Bridge, imene imagwirizanitsa Cinchome, Ohio, ku Covington, Kentucky. Federal imapatsa ndalama kuchokera ku Infrausal Resclation and Job Act Acts (IJA) ku Kentucky ndi Ohio, ndi anthu a m'malo a m'malo opanga mapulogalamu a pulogalamu. Web site imasonyeza kukonzanso: ndi kukonza njira ya boma, ndi kukonza ndi kukonza kwa boma, ndi kukonza kwa boma.

Kusintha kwa Anthu M’madera a Metropolitan

Madongosolo a Transtit onga Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority (WMATA) amaphatikizapo mgwirizano wocholoŵana wa boma. Boma la boma limapereka ndalama kupyolera mwa Federal Transit Administration (FTA), pamene kuli kwakuti maboma a Maryland, Virginia, ndi District ya Columbia amapereka chithandizo. Maboma a kumaloko ali ndi oimira pa bungwe la WMATA ndi chithandizo chokhazikitsa malamulo. Makonzedwe ameneŵa, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina amatsutsana ndi bajeti, amalola makampani a chigawo kutumikira antchito kudutsa madera osiyanasiyana, chinthu chimene palibe malo amodzi omwe angachirikizere okha.

Kupenda Nkhani 5: Chitetezo cha Malo Okhala

Nkhani za malo okhala [1] Kuipitsa kwa madzi, kusintha kwa nyengo, kusungidwa kwa malo okhala , mbali za boma ndi ntchito yofunidwa ndi boma. The Clean Water Act (CWA) ndi Clean Air Act (CAA) ndi madongosolo a chitsanzo kumene boma la boma limakhazikitsa miyezo, zilolezo, ndi maboma akumasungitsa kugonjera.

Mchitidwe Woyera wa Madzi ndi Tchesapeake Bay

Chesapeake Bay yowonongeka imakhudza maboma asanu ndi limodzi ndi District of Columbia. Pansi pa Chikalata cha Cec Water Act, E. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inakhazikitsa Associal Most Daily Most (TMD) kaamba ka zoipitsa zoloŵa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Boma lililonse lokhala m'madzi otayitsidwa linakhala ndi maluwa ake a madzi owonongeka (WIP) Pulanianikizira mapangano ake (WP) Ochepetsa nayirojekiti, phosphorus, ndi docle kuchokera ku malo osakhala ndi kuipitsa kwa masiku ano. Maboma a m'madera, kuphatikizapo mapulailo ndi makampani, ali ndi liwongo la kukonzanso kukonza kwa mabizinesi a m'mafakitale. Makampaniwa amatsogolera ntchito a kupititsa patsogolo aumoyo. [FLD]

Njira Zothandizira Kusintha M’nyengo

Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la boma lasinthasintha, maboma ambiri apanga zikole za kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinthu. . California Edvalce Ceaty Cars Program, imafuna opanga galimoto kugulitsa galimoto zomangira. Bomalo linagula Ceaoc Air Act kuchokera ku EPA kukhazikitsa miyezo yolimba kwambiri kuposa chigawo cha boma. Madera a kuyang'anira mpweya wabwino, monga South Coast Coast Seal Security Management Dis, amasungitsa malamulo ameneŵa kupyola ndi zilo ndi mayeso. Panthaŵiyi, boma linalandira chilo kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya zopereka ndalama zamagetsi zoyendetsera zamagetsi zoikidwa ndi magetsi zoikidwa ndi magetsi za kumaloko. Kusinthasinthasinthasintha kwa mphamvu kuukhondo kumbali ya madera akunja ndi za mphamvu za zachuma.

Kuphunzira Nkhani 6: Lamulo Lokakamiza ndi Kuteteza Anthu

Upandu ndi chisungiko cha anthu kaŵirikaŵiri zimafuna kugwirizana kumene kumaphatikiza chuma cha kufufuza ndi kugawana nzeru m’zigawo zonse.

Antchito Auchigaŵenga Ogwirizana

Pambuyo pa 9 / 11 , FBI inakhazikitsa Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTFs) m'maofesi 56 a munda ndi malo oposa 200 aang'ono m'dziko lonselo. Magulu ameneŵa akuphatikizapo ausilikali (FBI, DHS, ATF), apolisi, ndi apolisi a m'dzikolo. Amagawana chidziŵitso ndi kuchita nawo kafukufuku wothekera wa uchigaŵenga. Mwachitsanzo, New York City JTTFFF, imodzi ya malo akale kwambiri, yalepheretsa zigamu zambiri mwa kuphatikiza ziwitso za boma ndi chidziŵitso cha m’khwalala. [FLT:] FBI’s upandu wauchigaŵenga umenewu umafotokoza mmene wopanga mphamvu zapadera za gulu lililonse: chuma cha boma, monga bungwe la za boma, kuzungulira, ndi kutsogolera kwa chitaganya cha kumaloko.

M’munda wa Miyala ndi Mpanda wa Malo Otetezeka

Kumalire a malire, Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security Product Stone monieding imapatsa makampani a boma ndi a boma osungitsa malamulo anthaŵi yowonjezereka, zipangizo, ndi ntchito zimene zimachirikiza zoyesayesa za boma za chitetezo cha dziko. Oyang'anira ndi apolisi a boma akulondera malire, akusimba ntchito zokayikitsa kwa Boma Patrol, ndi kuthandiza kuletsa anamgoneka. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumalola mabungwe a boma kusamalira chitetezo cha chitaganya pamene akuthandizira kukwaniritsa zolinga za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, Arizona a Cociise County Sheriff’s Office, amachititsa magalamu auni a Boma ndi Boma Patrol pansi pa programu imeneyi.

Phunziro Lachisanu ndi chimodzi: Kupita Patsogolo kwa Chuma

Kulenga ndi kukopa anthu pa ntchito kumafuna njira zogwirizana zosonkhezera boma, malamulo a msonkho, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za kumaloko. Boma la boma kaŵirikaŵiri limapereka maprogramu a ngongole amene maboma ndi madera amayendetsa.

Zotengera za Kupita Patsogolo kwa Anthu (CDBG)

Dipatimenti ya za Nyumba ndi Urban Development ya United States imapanga pulogalamu yosavuta ya ndalama zothandizira mayiko ndi mizinda yaikulu kuti ithandize mizinda yotsika ndi yolandira ndalama zochepa. Maboma kenaka amapereketsa ndalama ku mizinda ing'ono ndi yaing'ono. Maboma amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za CDBG kuti akonze zinthu zapamwamba, kukonzanso nyumba, mautumiki a boma, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda ungagwiritse ntchito ndalama za CDBG kukonza njira ya madzi m'dera lokhala ndi anthu olandira ndalama zochepa, pamene boma limapereka ndalama zoyendera limodzi ndi zoyang'anira ntchito zaumoyo. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti mayiko olimbana ndi [1]

Kusintha Ntchito ndi Opportunity Act (WIOA)

WIOA imasonkhanitsa pamodzi ndalama za boma zothandizira ntchito, makomiti a antchito, ndi ma Center a America a ntchito. Dipatimenti ya za Ntchito yakumaloko imapatsa maboma, zimene kenaka zimagaŵira ndalama ku malo a ntchito a Local Workdoct Development Areas (LWDBs). Mabungwe a boma, opanga atsogoleri a malonda, aphunzitsi, ndi akuluakulu a boma, amasankha mmene angaphunzitsire anthu okhala m'makampani. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la DallasÍ Fort Worth, bungwe la antchito logwirizana ndi makoleji ndi mabungwe a boma kupanga programu yophunzitsa makampani a ndege mofulumira, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma za WIOA kubisa ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito.

Kumaliza

Zitsanzo zimene zatchulidwa pamwambapa zikusonyeza kuti ulamuliro wogwira ntchito ku United States suli nkhani yonena za mtundu umodzi, koma ya kukambitsirana kosalekeza, kupatsana ndalama, ndi vuto logwirizana. Kuchokera ku chivomerezo cha tsoka ndi thanzi la anthu kufikira ku maphunziro, zigwirizano za malo, kusungitsa lamulo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma, mgwirizano pakati pa boma, boma, ndi dziko la kumaloko umayambidwa m’kachitidwe ka utumiki wapoyera.

Zitokoso zidakalipo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .