Ntchito ya Maboma: Kusintha Kosaoneka kwa Moyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Tsiku lililonse, mumachita zinthu zopangidwa ndi mabungwe a boma. Nthaŵi zambiri popanda kuganizira zachiwiri. Kutetezeka kwa chakudya chimene mumadya, kuyera kwa madzi amene mumamwa, kudalirika kwa mankhwala amene mumamwa, ndi kukhazikika kwa maakaunti a zachuma amene mumakhulupirira zonsezo zimadalira pa ntchito yachete, yosatha ya mabungwe a boma ndi boma. Mabungwe ameneŵa amagwira ntchito kumbuyo kwa madendesi, kukhazikitsa malamulo, kukhazikitsa miyezo, ndi kuchititsa mafakitale kuŵerengera. Ntchito yawo ndi kuteteza thanzi la anthu onse, kuteteza malo achilengedwe, kuteteza malonda, ndi kuteteza ogulitsa zinthu zaumoyo wanu. Kuzindikira mmene mabungwewa amasonyezera ntchito ndi kumene amakhudza moyo wanu kumasonyezera mbali yaikulu ya ulamuliro wamakono, kukhazikitsa malamulo, kukhazikitsa miyezo, ndi kukhazikitsa makampani opanga makampani.

Mabungwe auyang'aniro amapeza ulamuliro wawo kuchokera ku malamulo operekedwa ndi Nyumba za Malamulo kapena mabungwe a boma. Amapanga malamulo atsatanetsatane amene amamasulira malamulo autali, kuyang'anira kugonjera, kufufuza kuswa malamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa zilango. Makampani ameneŵa alipo chifukwa chakuti makampani amene asiya ku kugamulako asonyeza kuti alephera kusamala, kuona mtima, ndi kuyang’anira chilengedwe. Mabungwe amene muwaŵerenga pansipa ali ena mwa malamulo otchuka kwambiri ku United States, ndipo ntchito yawo imasintha mwachindunji mkhalidwe ndi chitetezo cha moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Atsogoleri a Zakudya ndi Mankhwala (FDA)

Food and Drug Administration, bungwe la Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi za Anthu ku United States, lili ndi udindo woteteza thanzi la anthu mwa kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala a anthu ndi a nyama, mankhwala, ndiponso zipangizo zamankhwala. Ilo limayang'aniranso chakudya cha dzikolo, zodzoladzola, ndi zinthu zimene zimatulutsa cheza. Mukatsegula bokosi la chimanga kapena kudzaza mankhwala, mankhwala a FDA ayamba kale ntchito.

Kusamala Zakudya

FDA imayang'anira pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya chakudya, kuphatikizapo zonse kupatulapo nyama, nkhuku, ndi zinthu zina za mazira (zimene zimaloŵa pansi pa USDA). Bungwelo limakhazikitsa miyezo yopangira chakudya, kulemba maina, ndi kutumiza. Imafufuza malo a m'nyumba ndi akunja, zopimira zokometsera, ndipo ingapereke kukumbutsa pamene nkhani za chisungiko zibuka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kubuka kwa [FLT: 0] literacytoes

FDA imaikanso zofunika zoikamo zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuphatikizapo bungwe lozoloŵereka la Nutrition Facts . Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ogula angapange zosankha zodziŵidwa ponena za ma calorie, macronutrient, mavitameni, ndi allergen. Kusintha kwaposachedwapa pa chizindikirocho, monga kuwonjezera shuga ndi kukula kwa kukonzanso, kumasonyeza kuyesayesa kwa bungwelo kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi sayansi yamakono ya kadyedwe.

Kusintha kwa Mankhwala

Mankhwala atsopano asanayambe kugulitsidwa ku United States, ayenera kupendedwa mwamphamvu pa New Drug Application (NDA) kapena njira ya New Drug Applican Application Application system (NAA) ya maluso a . Izi zimaphatikizapo kupenda chidziŵitso cha njira za kupima kaamba ka chisungiko ndi chipambano, kuyang'anira malo opangira zinthu, ndi kujambula mawu olinganizidwa. Pambuyo pa chilolezo, FDA ikupitiriza kuyang'anira mankhwalawo kupyolera ku madongosolo a zofufuza zonga FDA Diane Memote Campting Reporting Sy System (FAAAST). Ngati ziyambukiro zamwadziyezo zamwadzi , zingafunikire masinthidwe a kutetezeredwa kwa nkhani, kapena, m'nkhani zowopsa, kuchotsedwa chivomerezo.

Mliri wa Chovid-19 unagogomezera ntchito ya FDA m'kugwiritsira ntchito zilolezo zamwadzidzidzi (EUA), kulola kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mwamsanga kwa katemera ndi mankhwala posunga miyezo ya chitetezo. FDA imalamuliranso mankhwala otetezera, zowonjezera m’zakudya, ndi mankhwala owonjezera, ngakhale kuti magulu aŵiri omalizirawo amayang'ana ndi kupenda kosatsalira kwapasadakhale.

Zipangizo za Madokotala ndi Zopanga Zotulutsa Mitsempha

Kuchokera ku makina opanga zinthu zoyendera kufika ku makina a MRI kutumiza magalasi, FDA imaika zipangizo zamankhwala m'magulu atatu ogwirizana ndi ngozi. Zipangizo I (monga ochepetsa kupsinjika kwa lilime) zimayang'anizana ndi maulamuliro a anthu, pamene zipangizo za Clade III (ngati ma defibrillator) zimafuna chilolezo cha pasadake ndi umboni wa zachipatala. Bungwelo limayang'aniranso zinthu zotulutsa cheza monga ma microveve, mafoni, ndi maagilamu a laser, kukhazikitsa miyezo yochitira zinthu kuti zichepetse ndi kuwonongeka.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Environmental Protection Agency, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1970, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutetezera thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala mwa kulemba ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo operekedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Kufikira kwa EPA kuli kwakukulu: kumalamulira mpweya ndi madzi, kupanga makemikolo, kutaya zotayidwa, ndi zoipitsa za nyengo. Pamene mutsegula tampope, kuyenda kunja patsiku la kuthamanga, kapena kutaya makemikolo a m’nyumba, miyezo ya EPA imagwira ntchito.

Miyezo ya Mpweya Wabwino

Pansi pa Deseac Air Act, EPA imakhazikitsa National Ambential Air Service Direct (NAAQS) kaamba ka ziyeso zisanu ndi chimodzi zoipitsa: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ndi mtovu. Maboma afunikira kuyambitsa mapulani opanga kuti akwaniritse malingana ndi miyezo imeneyi. Pamene muona kuti ndege ya Unity Index (AQI) ikuŵerenga pamalo a wailesi kapena pa nyuzi, zimene zikuŵerengedwa kugwiritsira ntchito malangizo a EPA. Njirayo imalamuliranso kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku galimoto, zomera zamagetsi, ndi malo a mafakitale. Kutsika pang'onopang'ka kwa maaŵiro a Smog ndi asidi kwa zaka makumi ambiri posachedwapa kuli chotulukapo cha EPA.

Madzi Abwino Ndiponso Osaopsa

EPA imakakamiza bungwe la EPA kuyeretsa madzi, limene limalamulira kutuluka kwa zoipitsa m’madzi akunja, ndi Saved Water Act, yomwe imakhazikitsa miyezo ya madzi akumwa a anthu onse. Bungwelo limakhazikitsa mlingo wa zinthu monga mtovu, arsenic, nitrate, ndi microbial trategens . Pamene magetsi anu akutumiza Consumer Confidence Report ya pachaka, ikutsatira zofunika za EPA. Bungwelo limayang'aniranso kuthamanga kwa madzi a mchenje, wetland, chinjirizo, ndi maprogramu a kutetezera mafuta.

Kuteteza Makemikolo ndi Kusamala Zakudya

Kupyolera mu Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA imapenda mankhwala atsopano ndi amene alipo kuti awononge thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala. Angafunikire kuyesa, kuletsa, kapena kuletsa zinthu zimene zingathe kubweretsa ngozi. Bungweli limayang'aniranso zinyalala zoopsa pansi pa Resocial Conservation and Recovery Act (RRA), kuyambira ku bere mpaka kumanda, ndipo limayang'anira kuyeretsa malo oipitsidwawo kudzera m'programunda ya Superef. Ngati malo opanga zinthu zosungunuliramo zinthu kapena malo oipitsidwa a sha opangira mabwinja amakonzedwa kuti akonzere kukonzedwanso, malamulo a EPA akutsogolera ntchitoyi.

Bungwe Loona za Ubwino wa Kusamala Anthu (CPSC)

Bungwe la Consumer Product Safety Commission ndilo bungwe la boma lodziimira lokha limene limagwira ntchito kutetezera anthu ku ngozi zosayenera za kuvulala kapena imfa zogwirizana ndi mitundu ya zinthu zogulitsidwa.

Kukumbukira Zotulukapo ndi Kusimba Nkhani Zoopsa

CPSC imayendetsa imodzi ya njira zokumbukira kwambiri m'boma. Pamene opanga kapena bungwelo asonyeza zilema za chitetezo . Monga ngati chingwe chomagwa njanji, chotenthetsa mlengalenga chokonda kutentha, kapena choseŵeretsa chokhala ndi magineti aang'ono amene angamezedwe . CPSC imakambirana ndi kuulutsa zinthu zake pa webusaiti yake ndi pa wailesi. Bungwelo limasunganso pulogalamu ya anthu yowonongeka yotchedwa Saver Products.gov, kumene ogula angapereke lipoti ndi kufufuza malipoti a zinthu zina.

Zochita za profile yapamwamba yaposachedwapa CPSC zaphatikizapo ogona oyenerera ogwirizanitsidwa ndi moto wa makanda, moto wa bhetri, ndi zipangizo zopimira carbon monoxide zowonongeka. Bungwelo limagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe achilendo ndi miyezo ya maiko osiyanasiyana kusamalira nkhani za chisungiko m'maketani a dziko lonse operekera.

Kukula kwa Miyezo ya Zachitetezo

CPSC imakhazikitsa miyezo ya chitetezo yokakamiza ya zinthu zina ndi kulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa miyezo yaufulu kupyolera m'mabungwe onga ASTM International . Miyezo imeneyi imaphimba zonse kuchokera ku kulephera kwa mipando yoikidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa mabotolo a zovala. Bungwelo limachititsanso kufufuza za kubuka kwa ngozi, monga ngati majeremusi oyendera a lithium ndi ion mu zipangizo zaumwini. Pamene wopanga zinthuzo ayesa zinthu zake m'labolale yosungidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri amatsata malamulo a CPSCC-dered.

Mabungwe a Zachuma

Mabungwe a zachuma a boma ndi mabungwe ena a boma omwe cholinga chawo ndi kusunga umphumphu, kuteteza osunga ndalama, ndiponso kuteteza anthu kuti asawonongeke.

Malo ndi Ntchito Yosinthana ndi Zachuma (SEC)

SEC imakhazikitsa malamulo a boma osungitsa ndalama, amayang'anira kugulitsana kwa makampani, opereka ndalama, ndi opereka ndalama, ndiponso amayang'anira ntchito youlutsa makampani. Mukagula kapena kugulitsa zigawo za kampani yogulitsidwa poyera kudzera pa akhawunti yoisintha, SEC imatsimikizira kuti kampaniyo ikupereka ndemanga zolondola za ndalama ndi kuti malondawo atha bwino. Bungweli limafufuza malonda, chinyengo, ndi kugulitsa. Makampani a SEC achita ntchito zolimbana ndi a Ponzignant ndi makampani amene amasocheretsa malonda awo a zachuma.

Administration Protection Bureau (CFPB)

Inapangidwa pambuyo pa mavuto a zachuma a 2008, CFPB imayang'anira zinthu zachuma ndi ntchito, kuphatikizapo ngongole, makhadi a ngongole, ngongole za ophunzira, ndi kubwereketsa ndalama. Imakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kusalungama, chinyengo, kapena machitachita ankhanza. Pamene mulandira mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a chiwongola dzanja cha khadi lanu la ngongole ndi ndalama zimene mukulipira, kapena pamene wobwereketsa ndalama atsimikizira kuti mungathe kubweza ngongole, malamulo a CFPB akugwira ntchito. Bungweli limagwiritsanso ntchito pulogalamu ya pulogalamu pamene ogula ndalama apereka zidandaulo ndi zigamu za misewu.

Maulamuliro Ena Aakulu a Ndalama

Federal Deposit Inshuwalansi Corporation (FDIC) ya masheya a mabanki ndi makampani, ikumapereka chidaliro chakuti ndalama zanu zimasungidwa ku malire a lamulo. Ofesi ya Comptroller ya Lavence (OCC) imapanga malamulo a boma ndi kuyang'anira mabanki a dziko. Information Reguariatoriation Aguers oyendetsa ntchito za makampani ndi makampani ofufuza kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a za kusungika.

Malamulo Ena Okhudza Moyo Wanu

Kuwonjezera pa mabungwe aakulu olongosoledwa pamwambapa, ena angapo amachita mbali zina zofunika koma m’kuwongolera zinthuzo, mautumiki, ndi mikhalidwe imene mumakumana nayo mokhazikika.

Occium Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

OSHA, mbali ya Dipatimenti ya Ntchito, imakhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo ya chisungiko cha kuntchito. Imafuna olemba ntchito kupereka malo a ntchito opanda ngozi zodziŵika, monga kuwonongeka kwa maupandu, kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, ndi makina oipa. Ngati mugwira ntchito mu ofesi, fakitale, kapena malo omanga, OSHANA imakhudza chilichonse kuyambira pa kutuluka kwa moto mpaka pa kuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwa anthu. Bungwelo limafufuza za ngozi za kuntchito ndi kuvulala kwakukulu ndipo lingapereke malipo ndi ziwongola za kusagwirizana ndi kusoŵa kwa makompyuta.

National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA)

Agency mu Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera, NHTSA imakhazikitsa njira za mafuta, zopimira ngozi, ndi njira za chitetezo cha galimoto. Imayang'aniranso za galimoto ndi mipando ya galimoto ya ana. Pamene wopanga galimoto afunsa za chitetezo cha mabasi owonongeka kapena mabotolo, NHTTA akuyang'anira ntchito. Mapimelo asanu otetezera, ofalitsidwa pamawindo ndi pa Intaneti, amathandiza ogula kuyerekezera kuwonongeka kwa galimoto.

Ntchito Yolankhulana ndi Federal (FCC)

FCC imalamulira wailesi, wailesi, wailesi, wailesi, satellite, ndi table . Imakhazikitsa miyezo ya zoulutsira wailesi, imayang'anira wailesi, ndipo imakhazikitsa malamulo otsatizana ndi ogwirizana. Pamene mupereka vidiyo, imbirani foni, kapena mvetserani wailesi, kugawidwa kwa mawailesi a FCC ndi malamulo ake auchete (amene asintha kwa nthaŵi yaitali) asonkhezera mkhalidwe ndi kumasuka kwa kulankhulana kumeneko.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

USDA imayang’anira kutetezereka kwa nyama, nkhuku, ndi mazira opangidwa kupyolera m'Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Imayang’aniranso malonda a ulimi, kulembedwa kwa zakudya za mankhwala, ndi kuyang’anira maprogramu othandiza. Mukagula nyama ya ng’ombe kapena katoni ya mazira olembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha USDA, mungakhale ndi chidaliro kuti yafufuzidwa.

Mmene Malamulo Amagwirizanirana ndi Mkwiyo Wanu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Kuti mupange chisonkhezero cha mabungwe otsogolera, lingalirani tsiku limodzi:

  • Morning: [[FLT :1] Mumadzuka ku kunenera kwa nyengo kumene kumaphatikizapo chidziŵitso cha AQI kuchokera ku EPA. Mumadya chakudya cha m’mawa cholinganizidwa ndi FDA. Mumaguba kupita kuntchito kapena kusukulu m'galimoto imene imafikira miyezo ya chisungiko ya HUTA ndi yotulutsa EPA.
  • day : [[FLT :1] Mumamwa mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala amene aposa ku FDA . Mumagwiritsira ntchito khadi la ngongole limene mawu ake analinganizidwa ndi malamulo a CFPB. Mumadya chakudya chamasana pa lesitilanti imene mafiriji ndi ntchito yosamalira chakudya zimapendedwa ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo akwawo amene atsatira madesiki a FDA.
  • Kugula: [[FLT :1] Mugula chidole chatsopano cha mwana wanu amene akugwirizana ndi miyezo ya CPSC. Muyang'ana kampani yanu yosungira zinthu ndi filimu yoyendetsera malonda ndi SEC ndi FINRA. Mumataya zinthu zoyeretsa, ndi kampani yanu ya EPA imatsatira malangizo a EPA osamalira zinyalala.

Mabungwe a boma akamagwira ntchito bwino, anthu ndi nzika zawo angakhulupirire kuti zinthu zimene zili m’derali n’zotetezeka, n’zosakondera, ndiponso n’zodalirika.

Njira Yosinthasintha

Mabungwe a boma si okha amene amayang'anira magetsi, gasi, ndi magetsi. Madipatimenti a inshuwalansi amayang'anira makampani a inshuwalansi. Malamulo omanga a boma oonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya kumanga isamathe ndi kuzima moto. Njira imeneyi yosanjikiza imatanthauza kuti malamulo amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wamakono, kaŵirikaŵiri kudzera m'mabungwe olinganizidwira kuyang'anira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zingawonongetse ngozi.

Otsutsa amanena kuti malamulo opambanitsa angaletse kusintha zinthu ndi kukakamiza ndalama zimene anthu amalipira. Ochirikiza amanena kuti kusatsatira malamulo kwa m’mbiri yakale kwachititsa mavuto aakulu, kuyambira pa matenda ochititsidwa ndi chakudya kufika pa kutha kwa chuma. Kulinganiza pakati pa uyang’aniro ndi ufulu kudakali nkhani ya mkangano wopitirizabe wa malamulo, koma kukhalapo kwa mabungwe okhazikitsa malamulo kumasonyeza chosankha cha gulu chakuti chitetezo china nchoyenerera malonda.

Kumaliza

Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu ndi ofatsa oteteza boma, amakhalidwe abwino, ndi olungama m'dziko lamakono. Kaya mukudya, kumwa, kuyendetsa galimoto, kukonza ndalama, kapena kungopuma, ntchito ya mabungwe monga FDA, EPA, CPSC, SEC, ndi anzawo alipo. Kumvetsa ntchito zawo sikumangothandiza boma komanso kukukonzekeretsani kuti muthe kusankha zinthu mwanzeru monga wogula ndi nzika. Nthaŵi yotsatira muwerenga chizindikiro cha zinthuzo, fufuzani za kutsogolo kwa mpweya, kapena kulandira chidziŵitso chakumbukiridwa, mudzazindikira madongosolo a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zimene zikukuyenderani.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa mmene mabungwe ameneŵa amagwirira ntchito ndi kusinthika, fufuzani malongosoledwe a FDA , pendani [[FLT:] . [FLT] EPA] EPA] ndi kakonzedwe ka ka ka kaumbidwe ka [[FLT :3], kapena kufufuza [[FLT:] miyezo ya CPSC .