Panyengo ya makompyuta, milandu ya pa Intaneti yakhala yofala kwambiri, ikusonkhezera mabungwe osungitsa malamulo kusintha njira zawo zofufuzira. Mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri yochitira kafukufuku pa Intaneti ndi kupeza zilolezo zoyenerera zopezera umboni wa pulogalamu. Kumvetsa malamulo a malamulo a zilolezo m'nkhani za pa Intaneti n’kofunika kutsimikizira kuti kufufuza n’kopindulitsa ndiponso kovomerezeka. Malamulo a Chisinthiko audindo cha U.S. Amakhazikitsa maziko, ofuna kuti kufufuza ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri zikhale zomveka ndipo zikhale zogwirizana ndi zifukwa zomveka, monga [FLT:] Katz. United States . Monga momwe makompyuta a kupendedwa kwa malamulo a boma, kufunikiranso kutetezera kwa anthu onse, kutetezera ufulu wa anthu.

Ntchito ya Malamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Kusintha kwa Kachinayi ndi Kuyembekezera Kukhala Wekha

Chikalata cha Opaleshoni cha China chimateteza anthu kuti asafufuze ndi kugwidwa ndi matenda. Makhoti agwiritsa ntchito "kuyembekezera zinthu zachinsinsi moyenerera" kuyesa kokhazikitsidwa mu Katz v. United States (1967). Kuyesaku kufunsa ngati munthu wasonyezadi kuti akuyembekezadi zinthu zachinsinsi ndiponso ngati zimene anthu akuyembekezazo n’zomveka. Mwachitsanzo, zimene zili m’mamail, mauthenga a zachinsinsi, ndi zilembo za thambo za m'mitambo kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo choyenera cha chinsinsi, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito maadiresi ndi kutumiza chidziŵitso sikunga, malinga ndi mikhalidwe. Khoti la Supreme Yosa 2018 likhoza kutsimikizira [F:] kuphatikizana. United States: FLT - Fromessss kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yakale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofufuzira chidziŵitso chokhudza mbiri yakale, pothandizira kukambirana ndi kuthandizira kukhazikitsa kopesesanyanyanya.

Masaizi: ECPA, SCA, ndi Thetar III

Pambali pa malamulo otetezera, malamulo angapo a boma amalamulira kupezeka kwa maumboni a magetsi. Opalectronic Communications Influct (ECPA) ya 1986, yomwe imaphatikizapo Sevord Communications Act (SCA) ndi Dinetap Act (Tit), imakhazikitsa zofunika zenizeni za kusungitsa kukambitsirana kwa zamagetsi ndi chidziŵitso cha makompyuta. Pansi pa SCA, boma lingakakamize wopereka zokhala ndi zolembera za kukambitsirana zosungidwa (m., ma email) ndi chilo chozikidwa pa zifukwa zomveka. Mabuku osagwirizana monga chidziŵitso chalamulo, dongosolo la bwalo lamilandu pansi pa 18 C. C. . . MBY3 (d) imafuna kokha "zojambula ndi zojambula zojambula zolembedwa zotsalirapo" kuti zisonyezedwe bwino lomwe likhaledi loyenerera. Zikalata zofunikira ngakhale kukhazikitsa malamulo enieni, ngakhale kulongosola kuti, chikachitika, chikachitika cha upanduko, kapena chika chika chikachitika cha mlandu, chika chika chika, chika chika chika chika chikhale chi

Zochititsa Zoyenera ndi Zopereka Zomveka

Chilolezo chotsimikizirika chiyenera kuzikidwa pa chochititsa chothekera ndi kulongosola ndi malo ake kuti afufuzidwe ndi zinthu zofunikira kutengedwa. M'kufufuza kwa manambala, kuyenera kulongosola zoikidwiratu za maakaunti a cholinga, zipangizo, kapena zolembedwa zokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wokwanira kupeŵera kuulutsa. Mabwalo akana zikalata zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito zinenero zotakata, zonga "mameseti onse kuchokera ku akaunti ino," popanda kulephera kapena kutsata mutu wankhani. Zofunika zapadera zimagwira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito kufunafuna, makamaka pochita ndi ziwiya za foni zimene zingakhale ndi umboni wachinsinsi ndi chidziŵitso chachinsinsi. Lamulo liyenera kuchita masitepeto kuchepetsa kunyazidwa kwa chidziŵitso chosafunika, kaŵirikaŵiri kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zofufuzira kapena ziŵiya za ziŵiya zapadera zapadera.

Kufufuza Kwabwino Kokhudza Malamulo

Anthu Ofunafuna Malo Awo

Chilolezo chamwambo chofufuzira chidakali chida chofala kwambiri popeza umboni wa manambala. Chifunikire kukhazikitsa chochititsa choyenera kuti umboni wa upandu upezeke pa chipangizo chinachake kapena pa kope. Chikalatachi chiyenera kuperekedwa panthaŵi yoyenerera (mwachiyambi 10-14 masiku) ndi masana kusiyapo ngati utumiki wa usiku waloledwa. Pa zochitika za makompyuta, chilolezo chingavomereze kugwidwa kwa ndalama (makompyuta, mafoni, maseŵero) kapena mapulogalamu a a zosungira zinthu. Makhoti ambiri amafuna kuti chilolezocho chiphatikizepo "autholotokoso" kutchula malo ofufuzira, makamaka pamene chipangizocho chigawiridwa ndi olankhulidwa ndi anthu ambiri kapena oyenerera.

Kulemba Mapepala ndi Msampha

Malamulo a Pen print ndi msampha & rock (PR/T) amalola lamulo kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chosagwirizana [1] monga manambala a telefoni olembedwa kapena oimba foni (m'nthaŵi yeniyeni. Pansi pa 18 U.S.C. . . . muyezo wopezera dongosolo lotero ngwaung'ono kwambiri: boma lifunikira kokha kutsimikizira kuti chidziŵitsocho chikafunikira kufufuzidwa kwaupandu kopitirizabe. Palibe chochititsa kapena chilolezo cha khoti chimene chikufunika, ngakhale kuti boma liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khoti. M'maumboni za , PR/TT imatumiza ku maadiresi, mameyi, ndi kutumiza chidziŵitso, koma silimavomereza zolembedwa za kukambitsirana kwa olankhula.

Malamulo a foni (Title III)

Kugwirizanitsa nkhani za kulankhulana panthaŵi yeniyeni . Monga kuŵerenga mauthenga olankhulana kapena kumvetsera telefoni / kutumiza malangizo a foni pansi pa mutu wa III wa Omnibus Crime Control ndi Safe Streets Act. Ichi ndi chilolezo chalamulo kwambiri. Boma liyenera kusonyeza kuti kulakwa kwapadera kwa kukambitsirana kwachitika, ndiko, kapena kuchitidwa; kuti kutsekedwako kudzapereka umboni wa mlanduwo; njira zachibadwa za Auniversity zayesedwa ndi kulephera kapena kulephera chipambano; ndi kuti kuchepetsa kutsekereza kwa kulankhulana kopanda liŵo kudzaonedwa. Malamulo a foni ndi oyenera kuchitidwa masiku 30 ndipo angafutukulidwenso. Kuku kuvuta, kufufuza kosoŵa, koma kowopsa, koma kokhudza, kapena kuyendetsa nkhani zachinyengo.

2703(d) Malamulo Olembera

Mabuku osakwanira osungidwa ndi makampani a foni ndi magetsi (m., dzina la wolembetsa, maadiresi, malogi, IP, zilogi), boma lingapeze lamulo la khoti pansi pa 18 U.S.C. 76 2703 (d). Muyezo ndi "Zoona ndi Zosasintha" kuti zolembazo n’zogwirizana ndi zinthu zimene zikuyendera ku kufufuza kosalekeza pakati pa nyukiliya (pansi pa khoti lovomerezedwa) ndipo lamulo lokhudza mfundo za mbiri yakale likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira pofufuza ntchito yokayikitsa ntchito kapena kugwirizanitsa nkhani zambiri ndi wantchito yofanana. Komabe, monga [FLD:0] chigamu chachigamu cha mbiri yakale, chikulongosola malo amene munthu angapereke chithunzi chokhudzana ndi chikalata chongofunikira kulongosola chikalata chokhudzana cha munthu, kungofunikira kutumiza chilolezo cha kutumiza chikalata chongo. (273). Komabe, monga [FL:]

Mavuto a Kupeza Umboni wa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Zovuta Zimene Zingapezeke

Njira zolemba mawu olembedwa makono . "Kukhala ndi mdima" kwachititsa mapangano a lamulo (kuwonjezera ku pulinsipulo) kapena potumiza (mapeto-amapeto olemba mawu). Ngakhale zikhale zopinga zazikulu. Ngakhale ndi chilolezo chomveka, kusungidwa kwa lamulo kungakhale kosakhoza kupezeka pa zimene zili m'zopanga kapena kuŵerengera. Vutolo lachititsa kuti pakhale malamulo opangira malamulo opangira Act Act [FLD]] Act ndi makhoti a khoti okakamiza kuthandizira (m. g., [FFLD:] v. [FFFFLT:3]] imatsutsana ndi San Bernardargo Imption [ixone]). Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri makhoti akuona kuti makampani a pulogalamu odziwo sakufuna kupeputsa chipangizo chodzitetezera (zitsa chitsutso) mwa njira zina zotsutsana ndi malamulo otsutsa, ngakhale kuti angafunike kuti atulukire, ngakhale kuti apeze motsutsana ndi malamulo ogwirizana ndi malamulo ogwirizana ndi njira zothandiza,

Nkhani Zokhudza Malamulo a M’mayiko Ena

Cybercrimes mobwerezabwereza imadutsa boma ndi malire a dziko. Lamulo lachinayi la Kusintha zinthu limafikira pa umboni wa masamu wosungidwa kumaiko akunja? Khoti Lapamwamba la 2018 likulamulira mu United States v. Microsoft Corp. (Mlandu wa "Mboni") wolembedwa ngati boma lingagwiritsire ntchito chilolezo chapanyumba kukakamiza U.S. kuti litulutse ma email osungidwa ku kampani ya kudziko lina. Nyumba za malamulo zinayankha mwa kudutsa CLOUD Act (Chilamulo Chochititsa Kulamulira Act) mu 2018, imene imalola SCA kukhazikitsa malamulo a magetsi, mosasamala kanthu kuti asungidwe, ngakhale pamene chidziŵitso chakunga chasungidwa chakunja la U. Komabe, Chikalata cha CLUD chimaperekanso chikalata cha malamulo ogwirizana ndi malamulo oletsa kuletsa kutetezera kwa maiko ena.

Zochitika Zosadziŵika Ndiponso Zinthu Zovuta

Malamulo amavomereza kulekana kwa ziyeneretso zambiri, kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yosatsimikizirika. Pofufuza kwa ziŵerengero, kuthekera kungabuke pamene pali chiwopsezo cha mwamsanga ku moyo kapena chisungiko, ngozi ya chiwonongeko chayandikira cha umboni (m., kuchotsedwa kwa chipangizo), kapena kutha kwa wokayikira. Makhoti alola kufufuzidwa kosatsimikizirika kwa zipangizo zamakono m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo, koma boma liyenera kutsimikizira kuti kufunafunako kunali kowona ndi kuti kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuperekeze zamwaŵi. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa telefoni yokayikiridwa kuti ipeŵe kuyenera ngati telefoniyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Komabe, pamene kutha, boma liyenera kupitiriza kufunafuna chilo chamwano.

Chiphunzitso cha Mbali Yachitatu ndi Malire Ake

Chiphunzitso chamwambo chachitatu chimanena kuti anthu amataya chiyembekezo choyenera cha kukhala obisika m’chidziŵitso choulutsidwa kwa mbali zitatu. Chiphunzitso chimenechi chinalola boma poyamba kupeza mafaelo a mabanki, kuulutsa matabwa a foni, ndi mafashoni ena a bizinesi popanda chilolezo. Komabe, Karpaenter [ chigamulo chakuzindikira kuti kulondola zinthu zapakompyuta ndi selo la malo amodzi, ndi kuvala zamakono. Mtsogolokuvumbula chithunzi chozama cha moyo wa munthu wachinsinsi chimene chiphunzitso chachitatu sichikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chigamulo cha mitundu ina ya chidziŵitso cha makompyuta, monga kuŵerengera zinthu (IOT), wothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono.

Kugwirizana kwa Mayiko ndi Kuthandizana Mwalamulo

Ma MLAT ndi Makalata Osonyeza Kukongola

Pamene umboni upezeka m'dziko lina, lamulo losungitsa limagwiritsira ntchito Treasurectional Actives (MLAT) kapena makalata ofunsira chidziŵitso. Njira ya MLAT njochedwa, kaŵirikaŵiri imatenga miyezi kapena zaka, zimene zimatsutsana ndi liŵiro lofunikira m'mapangano a pa Internet. Mu 2016, Dipatimenti ya U.S. ya Office of Leancictal Affairs inayang'anira makampani a maiko otsatiridwa ndi 5,000 MLAT, ndi kumaliza kwa miyezi 10. Kuchedwa kumeneku kwachititsa kuyesayesa kowonjezereka konga ngati CLOUD Act, kumene kumalola maboma achilendo kupanga zifunsitso zolutsira ku U. Opereka zikalata zina zamakono, zochotsa njira zamwambo za ML. Monga momwe makampani a U.CSCUD adasainidwa ndi mapangano a United States ndi mayiko ena auniko, ndi mayiko ena aumboni aumboni a United States.

Komiti ya U.S.

Kaamba ka umboni wophatikizapo nzika za European Union, kulephera kwa Amfiki Shield mu 2020 (Schrems II cosankha) kunayambitsa kusatsimikizira kowonjezereka. EU-U. Adacy Islame Officey , yomaliza mu 2023, imapereka njira ya kutumiza masinthidwe a madata, koma kufunsira kwake kwa malamulo a mabukhu a makoma a zachinsinsi kupitirizabe. Maulamuliro a zachidziŵitso a ku Ulaya angaike zotsekereza zowonjezereka ngati akhulupirira zitetezero za dzikolo sizimapereka chitetezo chofanana. Mabungwe a lamulo a lamulo ayenera kugwirizana ndi maiko olandira zitsimikizo ndi malamulo a kumalo, monga ngati ziletso za GDR zotsekedwa pa kutumiza chidziŵitso cha padziko lonse, kupeŵa kuswa malamulo otsutsana ndi kuswa malamulo a maiko onse.

Miyambo Yabwino Kwambiri Yofuna Kukakamiza Malamulo ndi Akatswiri a Malamulo

Kusintha Zinthu Zomwe Analemba Mobisa

Kuti apulumuke kutsendereza, maseŵero ayenera kusonyeza chochititsa chothekera ndi mfundo zapadera, osati chilankhulo chofufuzira. Ma affidavitt ayenera kulongosola umboni wa manambala wotsimikizirika wofunidwa, kulongosola kufunika kwa upandu, ndi kulongosola za luso la zoloŵetsedwamo. Mwachitsanzo, mmalo mwa kufunsa "zonse za mu kompyuta yokayikitsa," chilolezo chokonzeka bwino chingafotokoze "mafaelo onse opangidwa kapena osinthidwa pakati pa madeti X ndi Y okhala ndi mawu otchulidwa ogwirizana ndi chiwembu, kufufuzidwa ndi ziŵiya zovomerezedwa ndi bwalo la milandu." Kuphatikiza malamulo atsatanetsatane a pulogalamu kungatetezerenso ku zonena za mphika ndi chithandizo chabwino ngati mapulogalamu achitika mkati mwa kufunafunako.

Kuchepetsa Kusokonezeka kwa Mabanja

Kufufuza kwa manambala kumaloŵa m’malo chifukwa chakuti zipangizo kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi milingo ya chidziŵitso chaumwini yosagwirizana ndi kufufuzako. Malamulo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoperekera ndi kutetezera chidziŵitso chosafunikira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa "magulu a gulu lofufuza lapadera" (magulu a gulu lofufuza) kutsegulira zinthu zopatsidwa mwaŵi pamaso pa ofufuza ayang'ana umboniwo uli woyenerera m'kufufuza kwa boma kochuluka. Mofananamo, pofufuza chipangizo chimodzi, apolisi ayenera kusamalira kusiyanitsa chidziŵitso cha zigawo zachitatu. Makhoti angatsendereza umboni wopezeka kuchokera ku ku kufunafuna kwaumboni kwaunyinjika wolephera kusonyeza miyeso yoyenerera.

Kuphunzitsidwa za Luso Losintha Mwachisawawa

Malo alamulo oyendera umboni wa makompyuta amasintha mofulumira. Oyang'anira ndi oweruza ayenera kukhalabe ndi luso latsopano (m'chitsanzo, ma apps extensia olembedwa mwachinsinsi, blanchain forenics, AI-generatedtics , ndi zokambirana zalamulo zogwirizana (inga., Riley v. California . ] Amafuna zilolezo za foni ya m’manja yofufuza kuti igwire). Kuphunzitsa, kugwirizana ndi makompyuta a akatswiri a zachinsinsi, ndi maofesala achinsinsi angachepetse upandu ndi kuwongolera mafomu ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. Mabungwe ambiri a boma ndi a boma tsopano akupereka makompyuta malangizo apadera a zalamulo ovomerezeka pa zochitika zovuta.

M’tsogolomu Mudzakhala Zomwe Zidzachitike Pokambirana Nkhani za Malamulo

Luntha Lopanga ndi Kupanga Zosankha Mwachangu

Zida za AI zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi lamulo losungitsa polisi , monga ngati ma algorith jolm oneneratu za uyang'aniro wa anthu, madongosolo a nkhope, ndi ma email olembedwa foni yolembedwa ndi mafomu. Kodi mukufunsa kuyang'ana kwa malonda a pankhope kufunafuna? Chilolezo chikhoza kuvomereza AI kupenda madeti a masamu apadera, ngakhale ngati Al jansi , yomwe ilibe uyang'aniro wa munthu? Makhoti ayamba kulimbana ndi nkhani zimenezi. Mu 2020, khoti la boma la boma mu [FL:0] United States v. Klylo [1] (o "Kuti asokonezedwe ndi mlandu wa 2001 Suptlent Court) analingalira kuti kufunafuna kwa maatomu kuti apeŵetse "malamulo a pulogalamu a pulogalamu a Aunda kapena kusankhidwe a projeti a kupangira umboni wobisika (kufufuza kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana kwa maluso) zaka za m'zo.

Intaneti ndi Nkhani Zokhudza Anthu Okhala Pamalo Amodzi

Zipangizo zapanyumba zogwirizana, makompyuta otha ntchito, makompyuta a zaumoyo, ndi ngakhale ziwiya zapamwamba za mzinda zimapanga chidziŵitso cha makhalidwe. Carpleent Chigamulo cha "nthanthi ya munthu yogwirizana ndi magalimoto" kuti njira zonse zoyendera za munthu zingavumbule kuposa malo alionse a chidziŵitso cha munthu. Mwachitsanzo, kupitiriza kwa deti la mtima kuchokera ku sydwatchwatch kungasonyeze mikhalidwe ya thanzi, kupsinjika maganizo, kapena ngakhale nthaŵi ya upandu. Chidziŵitso cha chidziŵitso choterocho chingafunikire kukhala cha nthaŵi yochepa ndi ukulu, ndipo chiyenera kufotokoza zachinsinsi chachikulu cha zinthu za moyo ndi chidziŵitso cha munthu aliyense pansi pa malamulo onga HIPA kapena m'malamulo. Chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe chachiyambi chachiyambi chachiyambi, chikabe.

Malo a Kuseri kwa Chikalata ndi "Kupezeka Kokha"

Matsutsano okhudza kutsata mawu otsatiridwa mokakamiza akupitirizabe. Ofufuza ndi mabungwe ena akhala akukakamiza mobwerezabwereza kuti makampani aumisiri apereke njira yopezera chidziŵitso chobisika, pamene ochirikiza zachinsinsi amatsutsa kuti nyumba zapambuyo zimafooketsa aliyense. EARN IS Act [[FLT] ] ndi ndalama zina zayesa kupangitsa mapulatifomu amene amapereka madeti oimira kumapeto, kuwakakamiza kuphatikizapo mphamvu zofufuzira. Ngati malamulo atero apitirira, ziyenezo zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kukakamiza anthu kuti adzifufuze ngati boma lingaumirize mfundo zake. Mfundo za lamulo la malamulo pansi pa malamulo owonjezera ndi chiphunzitso chokakamiza chinenero chingakhale lamulo loyenera kukhazikitsa lamulo lokhudza kukhazikitsa malamulo.

Kumaliza

Ziyeneretso zotsimikizirika zoyendera makompyuta zalinganizidwa kulinganiza kusungidwa kwa lamulo logwira ntchito ndi kutetezeredwa kwa ufulu wa munthu. Msanganizo wachinayi, pamodzi ndi malamulo onga ECPA ndi The TH III, zimapereka dongosolo lolinganizidwa, koma kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga kumayesa nthaŵi zonse malamulo ameneŵa. Zosankha zonga ngati Kartenter v. United States [FLD] [1] yasintha malire a chinsinsi a magetsi, pamene malamulo akusintha mayankhidwe monga CLOUD Act a maault. Monga momwe luso la zolemba mawu olembedwa, AIUD, ndi za pa Intaneti ziyenera kupitiriza kuyendera pamodzi malamulo, ndi makhoti a kutsimikizira kuti kupenda kwa makompyuta, ndi kutsimikizira koyenera kukwaniritsa chinsinsi kovomereze, ndi koyenera kutsimikizira kuti lamulo lachilo lovomereze.