Chiyambi: Mbali ya Australia m’Mavuto a Rohinga

Australia yakhala ndi malo apakati omanga bwino monga ulamuliro womangira mu Indo-Pacicle, ndi kuyankha kwake kwauneneri pa vuto la Rohingwa kumapereka kufufuza kwa nkhani ya mmene Canberra amalinganizira malamulo a zachikhalidwe ndi zikondwerero za chigawo. Chiyambireni kuti nkhondo 2017 inakakamiza anthu oposa 7400,000 Rohingya kuthaŵa ku Myanmar Rakhine State kuloŵa m’Bangladesh, Australia wachitapo ntchito yolimbana ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, chithandizo chachindunji, ndi zitsutso zachinsinsi. Komabe vutolo likutha, Rohingya ndi othaŵa kwawo kuswabe mu scroo ndi Myanmar m'nkhondo yachiŵenga pambuyo pa nkhondo ya chipani cha asilikali 201. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza zoyesayesa za boma la Australia, ziyambukiro zawo, ndi zovuta zoopsa zimene zili patsogolopa.

Mmene Zinthu Zinalili Pavuto la Rohingya

Rohingwa ndi fuko lachisilamu laling'ono lomwe lakhala m'dziko la Myanmar kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Mosasamala kanthu za mbiri yawo yaitali, iwo achitiridwa tsankhu lakale, achotsedwa unziko pa lamulo launziko la Myanmar la mu 1982, ndi kuikidwa mwalamulo kukhala “osamukira ku Bengali. Kupanda dziko kumeneku kwawachititsa kukhala osavuta kuukira chiwawa cha boma. Kuipa kwakukulu ndi kwamphamvu kwaposachedwapa kunayamba mu August 2017 pambuyo pa Rohdyanshoni m'dziko la . Asilikali anavomera ndi mkupiti wa [[FLT: 0] yosaloledwa ndi kupha anthu othaŵa nkhondo kwapangika kwa dziko lonse lapansi. [FLD:1] Kumene kunachititsa United Nations kukhala chitsanzo cha kuyeretsa ndi kupululutsana kwa anthu kwa December 200,000. Kuthaŵa kwa anthu othaŵa nkhondo kwa ku Brea ku Brea, ndipo kutuluka m'dziko la Bread, Bream, ndipo likuchita chivome, chiyambi cha anthu ambiri lerolino, chivomezi cha Bri chaku.

Chitsutso cha maiko onse chinakula, koma kachitidwe katanthauzo kawokedwa ndi kuloŵerera kwa ndale zadziko kwa Myanmar, kucholoŵana kwa ASTEAN kwa zigwirizano zozikidwa pa kugwirizana, ndi kulephera kwa maulamuliro aakulu kukakamiza zilango zolimba. Vutolo lakulanso ndi magulu ankhondo okhoza kulanda boma mu 2021, zimene zinathetsa nyengo yaifupi ya kusintha kwa anthu ndi kugwetsa Myanmar m'nkhondo ya dziko lonse. M'malo ovutawa, Rohingya adakali pakati pa Myanmar junta ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo, popanda chiyembekezo chakutetezereka, chodzifunira kubwerera kwawo.

Ayamba Kudzikakamiza ku Australia

Kugwirizana kwa Australia ndi vuto la Rohingya kungagaŵidwe mokulira kukhala mizati itatu: "altialidal advocacy, chithandizo cha anthu, ndi maunansi a madera [1]. Mzati uliwonse umasonyeza chikhumbo cha Australia chapadera cha kuchirikiza dongosolo la malamulo a mitundu yonse pamene akupeŵa kulimbana mwachindunji ndi mnansi womvera.

Kuloŵa m’Magulu Osiyanasiyana ndi Kutenga Ufulu Waumunthu

Australia yakhala ikugwiritsira ntchito mawu ake mosalekeza mu United Nations kukakamiza kuyang'anira mlandu ndi kutetezera ufulu wa anthu ku Myanmar. Pa Msonkhano wa Zaufulu wa Anthu wa UN, Canberra co-sponses zigamulo zopempha kuti chiwawa chithe ndi za asilikali a Myanmar kulola ofufuza odziimira okha. Australia inachirikizanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la Independent International Conctal-Fiving Mission ku Myanmar, zimene mu 2018 zinatsimikizira kuti ntchito za asilikali zinafika populula dziko lonse. Mu 2019, Australia [[FLT: 0], co -spoorga kagamu pa Msonkhano wa UNIOM. Australia inalimbikitsa Myanmar kugwirizana ndi ntchito zodziŵerengera mlandu, ngakhale kuti zinaleka kukwaniritsa kutha kwa chigamu cha International Calvin.

Pambuyo pa zikalata za anthu, Australia yathandizira ndalama za UN pa ntchito za anthu ku Rakhine ndi Cox’s Bazar . Inaperekanso ndalama za Ofesi ya UN Special Rapporteur pa nkhani ya ufulu wa anthu ku Myanmar. Mofunika kwambiri, Australia yapereka ziŵeruzo pa akazembe ankhondo a Myanmar ndi mabungwe ogwirizana ndi bungwe la junta, ngakhale kuti ziletso zimenezi zasulizidwa kukhala zocheperapo ndi zochedwetsa. Pa 2023, Australia inavomereza anthu khumi ndi aŵiri ndi ogwirizana ndi asilikali aŵiri, koma ndandandayo idakali yofinyapo kwambiri kuposa United States kapena United Union of European Union.

Kuthandiza Anthu Othaŵa Kwawo

Australia ndi imodzi ya opereka chithandizo chachikulu koposa cha anthu ku Rohingya. [Kuchokera mu 2017], Australia walonjeza ndalama zoposa $340 miliyoni za kuthandiza anthu ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu kaamba ka vutolo, loyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a UN, Red Cross, ndi NGES. Kupereka ndalama kumeneku kumachirikiza chakudya, malo osungirako, maphunziro, ndi mautumiki otetezera otetezera othaŵa kwawo ku Bangladesh ndi madera ena. Gawo lalikulu lakhalanso likuyang'anira kulimbitsa njira zoyendetsera ngozi za ku Bangladesh, kuzindikira chitsenderuse cha misasa pa malo a malo a zakwawo ndi malo osungirako zinthu ndi malo ozungulira.

Njira ya chithandizo ya Australia imagogomezera “kuwona kwabwino kwa ma fream , kusamalira zosoŵa za mwamsanga pamenenso akugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zopitira. Mwachitsanzo, boma la Australia lachirikiza maprogramu a chitetezo a chitaganya a UNHCR a bungwe la UNCR [kuphatikizapo mabungwe onga Plan International and Save Children] amene akuphunzitsa akazi othaŵa kwawo kukhala oyamba kuchitapo kanthu pa chiwawa chochokera kwa amuna ndi akazi. Imachirikizanso maprogramu a maphunziro a ana a Rohingya, amene anapidwa kwambiri ndi maphunziro a boma la Bangladesh . Australian NGhokime , kuphatikizapo mabungwe onga Crown and Save Children, akhala akuyendetsa ntchito zolimba pa dziko, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi boma la Australia-nan.

Kulimbana ndi Anthu Ovutika Maganizo a M’deralo

Pozindikira kuti vutolo silingathetsedwe ndi chithandizo chokha, Australia watsatira njira zautsamunda m'gulu la Mitundu ya ku Southeast Asia (ASAN) ndi oseŵera a chigawo chachikulu. Canberra wachirikiza ntchito ya ASTEAN monga wotsogolera wauchete, kuphatikizapo ntchito ya ASAN Cooridating Centre for Humanitarian Luvition pa kuyang'anira tsoka. Komabe, Australia wakhalanso akutsutsa za mwambo wa ACEAN “kusagwirizana” pamene kutuluka kwake kuuma. Mu 2020, Nduna ya Australia ya Astage of Foreiverss of Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, ndi ena, akulimbikitsa kuti atsogolere ku Goringy Roya.

Pambuyo pake, Australia wasunga kukambitsirana kosavuta ndi Myanmar. Zaka 2021 chisanafike chigamulo, oimira boma la Australia nthaŵi zonse anakweza nkhaŵa za ufulu wa anthu ndi boma la Myanmar ndi utsogoleri wa asilikali. Australia adawonjezeranso chithandizo cha luso la zogwirizanitsa Myanmar, monga kuchirikiza Peace Process Succed Group pa Kayin Boup Broup. Pambuyo pa 2021 yolanda boma, Australia inasiya chithandizo chachindunji kwa asilikali a Myanmar ndi kuika zilozo, koma inasunga njira zotsegulira oseŵera ndi magulu ena a anthu a m'dziko. Australianso [FLD:] adatulutsa anthu oposa 1,000 kuchokera ku Myanmar . Pambuyo pa milungu yosonkhanitsidwa, kuphatikizapo nzika za Australia, ndi nzika za anthu zachikhalire, ndi mabizinesi awo, Roya pakati pa anthu ena odera nkhaŵa.

Kugwirizana ndi Unansi wa Padziko Lonse

Kugwira ntchito kwa Australia mu vuto la Rohingya kumakulitsidwa ndi kugwirizana kwake kwapafupi ndi maiko ofanana ndi amaganizo ndi mabungwe a mitundu yonse. Australia-Bangladesh bipaneday] ndi mbali yaikulu ya . Magulu ankhondo oposa miliyoni imodzi a Rohingya ndipo athandiza, kusunga malire ake otseguka, koma akakamiza mobwerezabwereza kubwerera kwa mwamsanga kwa othaŵa kwawo ku Myanmar. Australia yalimbikitsa Bangladesh kusunga kudzipereka kwake kwa kuthandizana ndi Dhaka kuwongolera mikhalidwe ya . Canberhaberra adapereka ndandanda yothandizira kuyang'anira malo owonongeka opangidwira ndi kudula mitengo m'misasa, ndipo athandiza kukambirana njira zoyendera zoyendera .

Mkati mwa UN, Australia amagwira ntchito ndi bungwe la International International Organization for Migration (IOM) ndi UNHCR. Mu 2018, Australia anapereka ndalama zothandizira IOM kukhazikitsa malo atsopano a thanzi mu Cox’s Bazar kuti achite ndi kuyambika kwa diphto. Imachirikizanso Plantion Friation for the Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis, chilenge cha chaka ndi chaka cholinganizidwa ndi UN. Hossage ya ku Dhaka imayang'anira mwamphamvu chisungiko ndi ufulu wa anthu m’misasa ndi kubwezera chidziŵitso kumbuyo kwa opanga malamulo ku Canberra.

Australia alinso wokangalika m'zochitika za za Mabungwe a Othaŵa Kwawo . Pamene malamulo a ku Australia aletsedwa kukhala oletsa, chithandizo chake ndi maprogramu a Rohingya akuima. Chiyambire 2017, Australia yapereka malo okhaliramo othawa kwawo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, makamaka akazi ndi ana omwe ali pangozi, ndi opulumuka tsoka.

Mavuto ndi Zolephera za Kufikira ku Australia

Ngakhale kuti pakhala zoyesayesa zoyamikirika, zokambirana za Australia m'vuto la Rohingya zayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu ndipo zakhala nkhani ya ma critique. mavuto aakulu kwambiri.

Zenizeni Zandale za Myanmar

Chitokoso chosatha kwambiri ndicho mkhalidwe wa ndale zadziko mkati Myanmar. Pambuyo pa 2021 ya kulanda boma kwa asilikali, Boma la Boma la Uyang'aniro (SAC) junta silinasonyeze chikondwerero chenicheni kuthetsera nkhani ya Rohingwa. Koma, junta yathetsa vutolo mwa kukulitsa ziukiro pa Rakhine State yotsala ya Rohinga ndi kuwaloŵetsa m'gulu la asilikali apolisi. Chigawo cha junta chimasonyeza Rohingya monga chigawo chachisanu, nkhani imene imachititsanso mikangano yowonjezereka. Australia, limodzi ndi chitaganya cha mitundu yambiri, sizimazindikira kuti boma la bomalo likuchita kukambitsirana koyenera, kuchititsa kusoŵa. Chigwirizano chilichonse cha Australia chisanathetsedwa.

Mavuto Ochuluka Amene Amabwera Chifukwa cha Mavuto

Bungwe la United Nations Security Council lidakalibe lomangidwa m'dziko la Myanmar, ndipo China ndi Russia akuteteza junta ku ziletso kapena zida zimene anazifuna. Australia, monga chiŵalo chosatha cha bungwe la Security Council mu 2013 - 2014, adakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, ndipo tsopano si pa Bungwe la . Unyinji wa UN wa kukakamiza Rohinga kukhala ndi mlandu kwa wodwala. Ngakhale zigamulo za pa Human Rights Council sizigwirizana. Malamulo a ku Australia akhala ophiphiritsira kwambiri kuposa kusintha khalidwe panthaka.

Kulephera Kupeza Ndalama Zothandiza Anthu Othaŵa Kwawo ndi Kutopa

Ngakhale kuti Australia ali ndi zitsimikizo zambiri, yankho lathunthu nlosatsimikizirika. Pulogalamu yapachaka ya Kuyankha kwa Rohingya imakwaniritsa pafupifupi 60% ya vuto lake. Pamene vutolo liyamba chaka chachisanu ndi chiŵiri, kutopa kwa opereka kukuchitika. Australia yakhala ikukakamizidwa ndi anthu a m’zisumbu za Pacific kuti apereke chuma chochuluka ku mayiko okhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi anthu othaŵa kwawo. Ndiponso, ndalama zothandizira za Australia zimachepa monga mbali ya kuwonjezera kwa kulimba kwa chigawo cha . Mu 202020 - 2021, boma la Australia lakhala likuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira pa mapulogalamu atsopano a bungwe la CHOVD, zomwe zikukhudza maprojekiti ena a Roya otchuka.

Anthu Othaŵa ku Australia ndi Olamulira Osala Oloŵa Malo

Chimodzi cha zipwirikiti zodziŵika kwambiri m'kuyankha kwa Australia ndicho kutsutsana pakati pa chithandizo chake chaufulu ndi malamulo ake okhwima otetezera malire. Australia imasunga njira yotsutsa [[FLT: 0] zero-tolere ku kufika kosakhazikika kwa panyanja , kukonza ofunafuna kopulumukira onse amene amafika ndi bwato ku malo osungira anthu osoŵa (tsopano ku Nauru). Lamulo limeneli latsutsidwa kwambiri ndi magulu a ufulu wa anthu monga inname ndi kukhazikitsa chitsanzo choipa cha maiko ena. Pamene Rohingya wayesa kufika ku Australia ndi bwato kuchokera ku Indonesia kapena Sri Lanka, iwo alandidwa ndi kubwerera kumbuyo. Zimenezi zachititsa chinyengo: Ndalama za anthu othaŵa kwawo ku Bangladesh ku Bangladesh koma nzosafuna kulandira chitsanzo cholakwika cha kumbuyo kwa boma la Australia.

Kuona Zinthu Mtsogolo ndi Chiyeneretso

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, vuto la Rohingya likuoneka kuti likupitirizabe kukhala vuto la zaka khumi.

Kudziloŵetsamo Kochirikizidwa

Australia ayenera kukonza ndi kuwonjezera zoyesayesa zake zauneneri, makamaka kupyolera mwa Msonkhano wa [[FLT:] wa Australia ndi ndi [[FLT] . . Komiti zimenezi zimapereka mipata yolimbikitsira kuti ayankhe mwamphamvu, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwa nthumwi yapadera ya Rohinga ndi lamulo lomveka bwino. Australia ikhozanso kugwiritsira ntchito mayanjano ake ndi mamembala aang'ono a ASEAAAAAA monga Laos ndi Cambodia kumanga mapangano amene amatsutsa chigwirizano cha junta.

Chichirikizo cha Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Australia ingachite mbali yothandiza kuchirikiza njira zodziŵerengera mlandu kunja kwa Bungwe la Security. Mwachitsanzo, ingawonjezere ndalama za bungwe la Impricialitive Mechanism ku Myanmar (IIMM) , lomwe limasonkhanitsa umboni wa milandu ya padziko lonse. Australia yapereka kale $2 miliyoni ku bungwe la IIMM, koma inaposa ina ikhoza kuchitidwa. Canberra angachirikizenso mlandu wa Gambia wopitirizabe wotsutsana ndi Myanmar pa International Court of Justice (ICJ) pansi pa Genocide Convention. Australia si mbali ya mlanduwo, koma ikhoza kupereka kale chithandizo cha ndalama kapena luso ku gulu lalamulo la Gamblia.

Chitetezo ndi Njira Zopulumukira

Panyumba, Australia ayenera kukulitsa programu yake ya Rohinga othaŵa kwawo. Kudya kwapachaka kwamakono kwa vutolo kuli kochepa kwambiri . "kuposa 200 pa avareji pachaka. Programu yofuna kutchuka ndi pepala la visa la anthu siingathandizire ovutika kwambiri komanso kutumiza chizindikiro champhamvu kwa mabwenzi a m'madera ovutika ndi kuchepetsa katundu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Australia ayenera kutsimikizira kuti malamulo ake a malire savulaza Rohingya mwachangu amene amakakamizidwa kuthaŵanso nkhondo ku Myanmar kapena ku Bangladesh.

Kuthetsa Zochititsa Zake

Kuthandiza anthu ku Myanmar kuchirikiza magulu a anthu amene akuthandiza kuti amvetse bwino m'chigawo cha Rakhine, ngakhale kuti ndi kutsidya lina la malire. Kukhozanso kuthandizira njira zimene zimalemba zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa anthu molakwika ndi kusunga kukumbukira chikhalidwe cha Rohingya, zimene asilikali ayesa kuzithetsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti Australia siingathetseretu mavuto a ndale a Myanmar, ingakhale mbali ya kuyesayesa kwapadziko lonse kupangira democracy, yosanja, ndi yamtendere ku Myanmar kumene Roiya angabwezereko kukhala kwawo.

Kumaliza

Zoyesayesa zaukulu za boma la Australia m'mavuto a Rohingya zakhala zokulira m'chithandizo cha anthu ndi kuchirikiza maufumu ambiri, koma zalephera kufikira kupita patsogolo kwenikweni kwa Rohinga. Vutolo lidakali chikumbutso chachikulu cha malire a mphamvu za maulamuliro a andale pamene ayang'anira boma laudani ndi kuyankha kwa mitundu yonse. Kuti Australia ikhale yothandiza kwambiri, iyenera kugwirizanitsa luso lake lachifundo ndi malamulo ake oletsa othaŵa kwawo, ikulitsira kuchirikiza kwambiri njira zake zodziŵerengera mlandu, ndi kusunga kutsendereza kokhazikika kwa madera ndi njira zambiri. Rohingya ayenera kuyenerera kupambana [FLD: 0] kupita ku chisungiko, chilungamo, ndi ulemu wamtsogolo ndi ulemu wa anthu kuimbidwa ndi kuyenera kuvomereza ndi kukhazikika kwa chigawo cha Australia.

[[ML:0] Zikalata:[[[MLT:1]