Table of Contents
Urutangiriro: Aho ishyingiranwa ribangamiye n’uburenganzira bwa kimuntu
Ishyingiranwa ni ishyirahamwe ryihariye kandi ryemewe n'amategeko, rifite agaciro gakomeye mu rwego rw'imibereho, umuco, n'ubukungu. Mu ishyirwaho ry'amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bw' uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu, ishyingiranwa si isosiyete yigenga, ahubwo ni uburenganzira bw'ibanze bugomba kurindwa nta kurobanura ku cyiciro. Ingingo ya 16 y'Itangazo mu rwego rw'ubwihisho bw'ubwihisho bw'ihishwe, ihuriro ry'Amasezerano mpuzamahanga (UR) n'Amasezerano mpuzamahanga (CICR) n'Amasezerano y'Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yose yo guhitamo abagore (ADW).
Ishyingiranwa Gihinguranya i Bya Mpuzamahanga Amategeko: Kugaragaza...,, na -. Bya, in Bifitanye isano Kuri Icyerekezo: na & Igiti Ikiranga, i Bya i By' amategeko y' amategeko y'amategeko. Ingingo A Bya i By' amategeko, i Gukomeza in, na i Bya Mpuzamahanga ku Amategeko.
Ibikoresho by’Amahanga Yose Birinda Uburenganzira bw’Ishyingiranwa
Itangazo ry'Ubwigenge bwa Kimuntu (UDHR)
Mu wa 1948, i Inyandiko y'ubwigenge yashyizweho umwandiko w'ubwigenge w'amategeko mpuzamahanga. Ingingo ya 16 ivuga mu buryo bweruye ko “abagabo n’abagore b’imyaka yose, badafite umupaka uwo ari wo wose uturutse ku ibara ry'urukoba, ubwenegihugu cyangwa idini, bafite uburenganzira bwo gushakana na Gushaka umuryango." Iyo ngingo isaba ko ishyingiranwa rishyirwa mu ishyingiranwa gusa n'amategeko mfatizo agenga abantu bose, kandi ikaba igena n'itsinda ry'ibanze ry'umuryango w’umuryango wemewe n'uburinzi rigomba kurindwa na leta. Nubwo utubarwaho, gahunda zaryo zishyirwa mu mategeko mpuzamahanga kandi zikozwe mu buryo hafi buri masezerano yose y'abantu akurikira.
, i OYA Ishyingiranwa Kuri - Bijyanye n' imibare. “Agabo na abagore” in, Soma 16 in Na: i - Bya i ( 2) Kuri Gushigikira bingana Ishyingiranwa ya: -. A Bya i, i [: 0% S] Bya i ya: [[:]]
Isezerano Mpuzamahanga Rirebana n’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu n’Ubupolitiki (ICCPR)
, UMWIKUBE in, Kuri Intambwe Kuri Bya na Imyanya Bya i, i Iburyo: Kuri na Byabonetse A, na i Bya Kigenga na Byuzuye. Kuri i Intambwe Kuri Bya na Ishinga Bya na Na Ku.
, Bya i, Byasohowe ku 23, i Iburyo: Kuri Byose Bya, na Icyo ari cyo cyose Amabwiriza na -. na i By' amategeko Bya - Amasano..., OYA Byabonetse A Leta Kuri - EGIHARWE i., i in [:]. [[:] na i By' amategeko Bya - Amasano:. (. 27 /) Leta - Bitemewe n'amategeko i na ya:, i in [:] na NIBA, ATARIIGIHARWE.
Ikoraniro ryavugaga ibirebana no gukuraho urwikekwe rw’uburyo bwose ku bagore (CDEDAW)
KIDAW, cyashyizwe mu 1979, ni igikoresho cy'ibanze mpuzamahanga cy'uburemere mu ishyingiranwa. 16 Bya, ibyiciro bya Leta bisaba guhaza uburenganzira bumwe abo bashakanye bombi mu bibazo nk'ihitamo uwo bashakanye, ishyingiranwa, ihitamo ku gitigiri n'itandukanya ry'abana, na umutungo. Ishyirahamwe ryibanda ku bintu byose bifitanye isano n'ishyingiranwa n'imishyikirano y'umuryango.
KIDAW yafashije mu kurwanya ibikorwa nk'ishyingirwa ry'abana, guhatira abagore gushaka, no gufatwa ku ngufu.
Indi migisha n’amasezerano bihuje n’ibyo
Utwo dukoresho dutandukanye n'udukorwa tw'ibanze,ndi masezerano mpuzamahanga na Bihuriro by'uburenganzira bw' uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu, bisubizwa mu ishyingiranwa. Isezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Bijyanye n'Imiryango, na Rubanda (ICECCCCCC) rikora ku burenganzira bw'umuryango mu ngingo 10.
Amahame y’ingenzi abuza abantu gushyingiranwa mu mategeko mpuzamahanga
Babyemerana mu Bushake no mu Buryo Busesuye
Wenda igisabwa cy'ibanze mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ni uko ishyingiranwa rigomba kwinjizwa mu buryo bwishakiye kandi buvuye ku mutima bw'impamvu za buri wese muri bo. Iryo hame rijya rigorana mu buryo bufatiweho, ishyingiranwa rishyingirwa nta mahitamo, rigashyirwaho ridakuka, na Ubwoko ubwo ari bwo bwose bw'inhangiro (niba ku mubiri, mu by’ubukungu, cyangwa mu buryo bwiyumvikane. kwiye gutangwa ku bushake, binyuriye ku bushake, hamwe no gusobanukirwa neza uko imiterere y'ishyingiranwa ibyemenwa byashyizweho n'agahame, uko imigenzo y’umuco cyangwa imyizerere ya kidini yashinze ko bigomba kwitwara.
Na
- ni A Kwambukiranya in Amategeko Mpuzamahanga y' uburenganzira bwa muntu. Kuri Ishyingiranwa, iyi isobanura OYA Amabwiriza ku ibara ry' ibara, ibara ry' ibara, ibara ry'uruhu, ubwenegihugu, idini, imyanya ndanga, imyitwarire, irebana ry'ibitsina, iranga, Yahagaritswe, Cyangwa Ikindi mpamvu. itandukanya buri wese mu i Uburenganzira bwo gushakana na we bigomba kuba bishyize mu gaciro, intego, na Kuri A. Amategeko arebana n'imyifatire y'umwanya, Urugero, yabonetse ko kunyuranya imyanya y'ibyashyingirwa ry'ubwihisho na yandi masezerano.
Uburinzi bw’Umuryango
Amategeko Mpuzamahanga yemera ko umuryango ari wo itsinda ry'ibanze ry'umuryango na Kuri kuwurinda., isobanuro ry'umuryango rikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bw'imishyikirano inyuranye ihuza abantu bafitanye isano rya gikoderi. Ubuturo bw'ikiremwamuntu bwihariye bwihariye, ishyingiranwa ry'ubwigenge, ingo zagutse, na ingo zonyine zifite uburenganzira bwo kurindwa. Uburenganzira bwo kubona umuryango ni bwo guhuza n'uburenganzira bwa gitandukanye bwo gushaka, ariko buzwi nk'uburenganzira bwa gifite uburenganzira bwakoreshwa n'ishyingirwa, nka ku buryo bwifatirwaho cyangwa kurera abana.
Ibibazo n’amacakubiri avugwa mu mategeko mpuzamahanga
Amacakubiri ashingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina no ku kuba umuntu ari umwe mu bagore
Bya i Ibice Bya Amacakubiri Mpuzamahanga mu mategeko mpuzamahanga y' uburenganzira bwa muntu ni i Bya - Ishyingiranwa ry' umwimaramako. Bya 2025, hafi 35 ishyingiranwa ryisunijwe, Ibindi: Gukomeza Kuri isano ryihuse - Cyangwa Kuri. Amasezerano y' Amasezerano y'ishyingiranwa yanze kongeraho kuba ibihugu, na Leta igenda yigabanyamo ibice.
() Ku i Bya iyi Itangwa. [[: 0% S] na v.[[:]] (NW], i Byabonetse 8 (Ikuryo Kuri By' umwihariko na umuryango Ubuzima) Bya i ku Kuri By' amategeko ya: -., in [[: 2.] na V.[:]), i Kuri Icyo ari cyo cyose Ifishi% S: Bya ya: - Bikurikije amategeko ya: - Birenga Bishyizwemo A Bya i., i Bigufi Bya Guhagarara Kuri Gufungura - Amashami: ya: Amatsinda y'amategeko, Nka.
i & Rusange urwego, i in [: 0% S] v. [[:1] [[:])) < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < Isubiramo - Bya Mpuzamakuru. < / < / < / < /:], < / < / > < / < < / >]]
Ishyingiranwa ry’abana no guhatira abashakanye gushaka
Nubwo ibihugu byinshi bibuzanya ishyingiranwa ry’abana, ishyingiranwa rikomeza kwiyongera, kandi rikagira ingaruka ku bakobwa babarirwa muri za miriyoni, kandi rimwe na rimwe rikagira uruhare mu mwaka.
Imihati mpuzamahanga yo kurwanya ishyingiranwa ry’abana yagiye irushaho kwiyongera binyuriye ku mishinga yashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Afurika, urugero nk'Imihati yo Kurangiza Ishyingiranwa ry’Abana n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (UNICEF) w'Abibumbye Iharanira Ishyingiranwa ry'abana. Nanone kandi, Inama Mpuzamahanga Ruhunda y'Ikiremwamuntu yafashe umwanzuro w'ibanga ngo abana bahanwe, batana, kandi bashyingirwe ishyingiranwa rihatiwe. Amashyamirano asabwa kongera gushyirwaho amategeko, gutanga uburezi, kandi yiyemeza ko abahitanwa mu rubanza.
Amacakubiri hagati y’amategeko y’idini n’ay’imigenzo n’ay’ibihugu by’amahanga
Mu nzego nyinshi, amategeko agenga ishyingiranwa yakomotse ku migenzo y’idini cyangwa imigenzo. Ayo mategeko ashobora kuba anyuranyije n’amahame mfatizo mfatizo mfatizo, cyane cyane ku bihereranye n’uburinganire bw’abashakanye, abagore benshi, gutana kw’abashakanye, n’umurage. Amategeko mpuzamahanga asaba ko amategeko y'amategeko ahuza amategeko y'umuryango n’amasezerano, ariko akenshi kubikora bihitamo.
Ikibazo cya [[: 0%] [[[: 1]] iyi imyitwarire. Bikunzwe, ishyingiranwa ry' abagore benshi rikomeza kuba ryemewe n'amategeko mu bihugu byinshi muri Afurika, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, na mu bihugu bya Aziya.
Imishyikirano ifitanye isano n’ivangura ryihariye
Uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ntibubura; bujyanirana n'ubundi buryo bw'ibyago n'imyifatire. Abagore bo mu moko mato, abantu bafite ubumuga, impunzi, na LGBIQ + abantu bashobora guhangana n'inzitizi nyinshi zibangamira uburenganzira bwabo bwo gushaka. Urugero:, abagore bafite ubumuga, akenshi bahatirwa kurundanya ingombwa cyangwa bangwa ku burenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa. Abagore bahunze bashobora gushyirwa mu ishyingiranwa kugira ngo bagire uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko. Amategeko mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga, yemeza ko imyifatire y'imyitozo igorano igorano, kandi ko bifuza gutanga ibisobanuro ku matsinda menshi y'ivangurano.
Ingaruka z’Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arebana n’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu ku Bihereranye n’Imikorere y’Abagize umuryango
Imyanzuro Irebana n’Imigambi y’Imicira - Rubanza n’Imigani Ikorwa
na A Inshingano Ishingano y' uburenganzira bwa kimuntu in Uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa. amateka yafashe icegeranyo in, na Ikindi. ku Mpuzamahanga Uburenganzira bw'umwanya bw'ubwicanyi Cyangwa imyanya y'ubwicanyi., i - ku mpuzamahanga in [:] v. [:] na in i Icyesiviro ry'amategeko y'Ikirenga y'ubwihisho:, Nka in i Bya [-]
Ibyifuzo by’abashinzwe amasezerano
Amasezerano ashingiye ku burenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, urugero nka Komite Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu na Komite y'Ikirenga, atanga impano n'impamyamyabumenyi rusange, ibyo birebana n'amategeko agenga ibyo bisabwa. Ibyo bitekerezo bitangwa bifite agaciro gakomeye mu birebana n'umuco n'ibyemezo bya gipolitiki, nubwo bitaba bigengwa n’amategeko. Urugero, Komite ya CEDAW yagiye ishishikariza ibihugu ko bishyingirwa imyaka itotozomba ku myaka 18 isabwa n’abashakanye, kandi igakoresha amategeko y'uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, ikaba yarasabye ko leta yemeza ko zihabwa uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko ku birebana n’imishyikirano mpuzamahanga.
Gutsinda Imbaraga z’Abagizi ba nabi n’Imitero y’Abaturage
Imiryango (HOS) na Abaharanira Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, bakoresha amategeko mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bashyigikire uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ku urwego rw'igihugu. Amatsinda nka Watch Watch, Inzego mpuzamahanga z'Ikiremwamuntu, na Amatsinda y'aho baba, raporo zitangwa n'igicucu zatanzwe ku masezerano, na Bishinzwe inzego z'amategeko. Amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu atanga ururimi rumwe n'amahame agenga abaharanira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu bashobora gukoresha kugira ngo bakomeze ubutegetsi bw'igituro. Ishyira mu mwanya wabyo mu rwego rw'isi, ni ingaruka ziterwa n'amategeko amwe n'ibinyangiriro.
Uko ibintu bizagenda mu gihe kizaza n’amabwiriza azatangwa mu gihe kizaza
Bya - Amashusho y' imibare na -
Kuri i Ishyingiranwa ni, Ishinga Ishinga, ni., Igihugu Kuri By' nyine Ishyingiranwa ry' ubwiyandarike. i, ku - - - Ikinyamerika, Amategeko agenga ishyingiranwa. ku irebana n' uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa. ku irebana n'ibitsina na Ikiranga, na Umubare Bya, na Amahitamo.
, ni. i Sisitemu y'amategeko yabuzanyije mu buryo bwihariye, imyitwarire y'imyitwarire y'ibitsina, na Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika na Aziya, byahawe ibihano by'ibyaha bya gihango bifitanye isano n'ubuconsi. Amahanga mpuzamahanga Uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu ku buryo bigomba kubuyobora, mu gihe komeza kushyigikira amahame mbwirizamuhanga.
Abantu bafite ubumuga bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa
Ingingo ya 23 y'Inteko y'Amasezerano y'Ikiremwamuntu Afite Ubumuga (CRPD) yemeza mu buryo bweruye uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo gushakana na bo bakabona umuryango ku buryo bawuvuga ko ari nta cyo bitwaye kandi ko ubifitiye uburenganzira.
Gushyingirwa mu buryo bwa gipagani n’uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa
Ibyifuzo by'ishyingiranwa bivyura ibishya bishya ku burenganzira bw'ubukwe. Imigenzo y'ishyingiranwa, bizwa mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z'ubushyangiro mu gihe cy'Ikiza, byapfobya ibisabwa n'amategeko by'imyifatire y'ishyingiranwa. Ishyingiranwa ryashyizwe mu buryo bwihishe mu buryo bwihishe bijyaniranya, na ubutegetsi. Amategeko mpuzamahanga nta handi agomba gukemura ibigezweho, imyifatire irezo irebana n'ishyingirwa ishobora kwagura kugena n'abatuye mu turere twa kure cyangwa mu mimerere yo kwimura.
Uruhare rw’Amategeko y’Umuhango n’Amadini
Aho kwiyama amategeko ashingiye ku muco n'idini, bamwe mu bashyigikira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu, baba barakora muri iyo gahunda kugira ngo batume habaho ivugurura. Urugero, muri Senegali, Abahanzi ba dini ry'Abisilamu bagiye bafatanya n’abayobozi b’idini kugira ngo bashyingire amasezerano y'ishyingiranwa akubiyemo uburenganzira bw’abagore bwo kurinda. Muri Afurika y'Epfo, Ishinga ry'ibyashyingirwa ry'ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko (C) rizana ishyingiranwa ryihuriro ryibanganywa n'ubumwe mu rwego rw'amategeko, n'umuco, ariko ku bihereranye n'umuco.
Igisoza
Uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ni ingenzi Bya i Mpuzamahanga Uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu, gishingiye ku mahame ya: Bya Kigenga, bingana, na -.,,,, na Ikindi, Bishingiye ku mategeko,, Kwambukiranya i., na Ibyifuzo by' uburenganzira bw' mpuzamahanga, bikomeza, na hagati y' imibanire y' imibare y'amabanga n'ubumwe, na na na na Amatsinda y'uburenganzira bw'abantu, bikomeza kubuzanya imyandikire y'amategeko, na ku imyandikire yabo mu bihugu byinshi.
Guha uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa kw’isi yose bisaba gukomeza gushyingirwa, guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, no kwiga. Leta zigomba gushyira hamwe amategeko yazo yo mu muryango n'amahame mpuzamahanga, kandi umuryango w'abaturage ugomba gukomeza kubikora. Intego y’ibanze ni iyi si aho buri muntu wese ashobora guhitamo kurongora no kugira umuryango wiyubashye kandi ufite uburinganire. Amategeko mpuzamahanga ashingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco, uko yaba ari kose, ubumuga, ubumuga cyangwa imimerere yakuriyemo, bishobora gutuma agera ku ntego y’ibyo bitekerezo.